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Smith AM, Taylor EB, Brooks RJ, Dos Santos e Santos C, Grayson BE. Cerebral and Peripheral Immune Cell Changes following Rodent Juvenile Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2024; 14:398. [PMID: 38672047 PMCID: PMC11048136 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability. TBI is associated with neuroinflammation, but temporal changes in immune and inflammatory signaling following TBI have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, there have been no previous studies on changes in immune cell populations following TBI via the Closed Head Injury Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA). The current study aimed to determine the time course changes to inflammatory marker mRNA expression in the acute period following TBI in juvenile rats and to determine acute changes to brain and circulating immune cell populations. For this study, post-natal day (PND)-30 male Long Evans rats sustained a TBI or Sham TBI and were euthanized at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, or 96 h post-injury. Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus samples were used to determine mRNA expression changes of inflammatory factors. The mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was significantly elevated at 6 h post-injury in both regions evaluated. To evaluate immune cell populations, male Long Evans rats were euthanized at 48 h post-injury, and brain and blood samples were used for cell sorting by marker-specific antibodies. In the peripheral blood, there was an elevation in CD3+ total T cells, CD45R+ total B cells, and CD3+CD4+ helper T cells in the TBI subjects. However, there were no changes to natural killer cells or CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cell populations. In the brain, there was a reduction in CD11b/c+ monocytes/macrophages, but no changes in other immune cell populations. At 48 h post-injury, the TBI subjects also demonstrated expansion of the thymic medulla. These changes in the cerebral and blood immune cell populations and thymic medulla expansion may implicate the subacute recovery timeframe as a vulnerable window for the immune system in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (A.M.S.); (R.J.B.); (C.D.S.e.S.)
| | - Erin B. Taylor
- Department Physiology and Biophysics Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Ruth J. Brooks
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (A.M.S.); (R.J.B.); (C.D.S.e.S.)
| | - Christiano Dos Santos e Santos
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (A.M.S.); (R.J.B.); (C.D.S.e.S.)
| | - Bernadette E. Grayson
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (A.M.S.); (R.J.B.); (C.D.S.e.S.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Díaz MM, Tsenkina Y, Arizanovska D, Mehlen P, Liebl DJ. DCC/netrin-1 regulates cell death in oligodendrocytes after brain injury. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:397-406. [PMID: 36456775 PMCID: PMC9950151 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallmark pathological features of brain trauma are axonal degeneration and demyelination because myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (OLs) are particularly vulnerable to injury-induced death signals. To reveal mechanisms responsible for this OL loss, we examined a novel class of "death receptors" called dependence receptors (DepRs). DepRs initiate pro-death signals in the absence of their respective ligand(s), yet little is known about their role after injury. Here, we investigated whether the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) DepR contributes to OL loss after brain injury. We found that administration of its netrin-1 ligand is sufficient to block OL cell death. We also show that upon acute injury, DCC is upregulated while netrin-1 is downregulated in perilesional tissues. Moreover, after genetically silencing pro-death activity using DCCD1290N mutant mice, we observed greater OL survival, greater myelin integrity, and improved motor function. Our findings uncover a novel role for the netrin-1/DCC pathway in regulating OL loss in the traumatically injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelen M Díaz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yanina Tsenkina
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dena Arizanovska
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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3
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Tapanes SA, Arizanovska D, Díaz MM, Folorunso OO, Harvey T, Brown SE, Radzishevsky I, Close LN, Jagid JR, Graciolli Cordeiro J, Wolosker H, Balu DT, Liebl DJ. Inhibition of glial D-serine release rescues synaptic damage after brain injury. Glia 2022; 70:1133-1152. [PMID: 35195906 PMCID: PMC9305835 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic damage is one of the most prevalent pathophysiological responses to traumatic CNS injury and underlies much of the associated cognitive dysfunction; however, it is poorly understood. The D-amino acid, D-serine, serves as the primary co-agonist at synaptic NMDA receptors (NDMARs) and is a critical mediator of NMDAR-dependent transmission and synaptic plasticity. In physiological conditions, D-serine is produced and released by neurons from the enzymatic conversion of L-serine by serine racemase (SRR). However, under inflammatory conditions, glial cells become a major source of D-serine. Here, we report that D-serine synthesized by reactive glia plays a critical role in synaptic damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify the therapeutic potential of inhibiting glial D-serine release though the transporter Slc1a4 (ASCT1). Furthermore, using cell-specific genetic strategies and pharmacology, we demonstrate that TBI-induced synaptic damage and memory impairment requires D-serine synthesis and release from both reactive astrocytes and microglia. Analysis of the murine cortex and acutely resected human TBI brain also show increased SRR and Slc1a4 levels. Together, these findings support a novel role for glial D-serine in acute pathological dysfunction following brain trauma, whereby these reactive cells provide the excess co-agonist levels necessary to initiate NMDAR-mediated synaptic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Tapanes
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Dena Arizanovska
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Madelen M. Díaz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Oluwarotimi O. Folorunso
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Theresa Harvey
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Stephanie E. Brown
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Inna Radzishevsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Liesl N. Close
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Jonathan R. Jagid
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Joacir Graciolli Cordeiro
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Darrick T. Balu
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daniel J. Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
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Anyaegbu CC, Mao Y, McGonigle T, Raja S, Clarke T, Black AMB, Solomon T, Fuller K, Fitzgerald M. Simultaneous flow cytometric characterization of multiple cell types and metabolic states in the rat brain after repeated mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 359:109223. [PMID: 34004202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular responses at the sub-acute phase of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and their contribution to ongoing damage, are unclear, complex and require simultaneous assessment of multiple cells to elucidate. NEW METHOD An 11-colour flow cytometry method for analysing brain cells was evaluated in a weight-drop rat model of repeated mTBI. Animals received sham, one, two or three mTBI delivered at 24 h intervals (n = 6/group). Cerebrum homogenates were prepared 11 days after first mTBI, in two cohorts of n = 3/group to enable same-day staining of fresh tissue. Percentages of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, mature oligodendrocytes and NeuN + CC1+ cells, neutrophils, macrophages and non-myeloid leukocytes, and their immunoreactivity for cell damage indicators (inducible nitric oxide synthase; iNOS, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PCNA, 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine; 8OHDG and 4-hydroxynonenal; HNE), were assessed. RESULTS Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of iNOS in activated microglia increased following two, but not one or three, mTBI (p = 0.04). However, there were differences between processing cohorts in terms of percentages and MFI of some PCNA+, iNOS+, 8OHDG + and HNE + cell populations. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Previous applications of flow cytometry for rat brain analysis were typically limited to three or four markers. This method uses 11 markers to identify nine cell populations and evaluate their immunoreactivity to four metabolic indicators of cell damage. CONCLUSIONS Flow cytometry can be useful for discerning injury-related changes in multiple rat brain cells. However, markers sensitive to subtle changes in experimental conditions must be identified in pilot experiments and subsequently analysed in the same tissue-processing cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie C Anyaegbu
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Yilin Mao
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terry McGonigle
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sushmitha Raja
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Clarke
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna M B Black
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Solomon
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathy Fuller
- Division of Cancer Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands 6009 Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Weaver C, Dietrich WD, Ahmed T, Keane RW. Enoxaparin Attenuates Acute Lung Injury and Inflammasome Activation after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:646-654. [PMID: 32669032 PMCID: PMC7898405 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients frequently develop cardiopulmonary system complications such as acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the mechanism by which TBI causes ALI/ARDS is not fully understood. Here, we used a severe TBI model to examine the effects of a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, on inflammasome activation and lung injury damage. We investigated whether enoxaparin inhibits ALI and inflammasome signaling protein expression in the brain and lungs after TBI in mice. C57/BL6 mice were subjected to severe TBI and were treated with vehicle or 1 mg/kg of enoxaparin 30 min after injury. Lung and brain tissue were collected 24 h post-TBI and were analyzed by immunoblotting for expression of the inflammasome proteins, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β. In addition, lung tissue was collected for histological analysis to determine ALI scoring and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration post-injury. Our data show that severe TBI induces increased expression of inflammasome proteins caspase-1 and IL-1β in the brain and lungs of mice after injury. Treatment with enoxaparin attenuated inflammasome expression in the brain and lungs 24 h after injury. Enoxaparin significantly decreased ALI score as well as neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in lungs at 24 h after injury. This study demonstrates that enoxaparin attenuates ALI and inhibits inflammasome expression in the brain and lungs after TBI. These findings support the hypothesis that inhibition of the neural-respiratory inflammasome axis that is activated after TBI may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A. Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Cailey Weaver
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tahir Ahmed
- Pulmonary Division, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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6
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Porter DDL, Morton PD. Clearing techniques for visualizing the nervous system in development, injury, and disease. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 334:108594. [PMID: 31945400 PMCID: PMC10674098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern clearing techniques enable high resolution visualization and 3D reconstruction of cell populations and their structural details throughout large biological samples, including intact organs and even entire organisms. In the past decade, these methods have become more tractable and are now being utilized to provide unforeseen insights into the complexities of the nervous system. While several iterations of optical clearing techniques have been developed, some are more suitable for specific applications than others depending on the type of specimen under study. Here we review findings from select studies utilizing clearing methods to visualize the developing, injured, and diseased nervous system within numerous model systems and species. We note trends and imbalances in the types of research questions being addressed with clearing methods across these fields in neuroscience. In addition, we discuss restrictions in applying optical clearing methods for postmortem tissue from humans and large animals and emphasize the lack in continuity between studies of these species. We aim for this review to serve as a key outline of available tissue clearing methods used successfully to address issues across neuronal development, injury/repair, and aging/disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demisha D L Porter
- Virginia Tech Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Paul D Morton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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7
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Siebold L, Obenaus A, Goyal R. Criteria to define mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury in the mouse controlled cortical impact model. Exp Neurol 2018; 310:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Yang Y, Dong B, Lu J, Wang G, Yu Y. Hemopexin reduces blood-brain barrier injury and protects synaptic plasticity in cerebral ischemic rats by promoting EPCs through the HO-1 pathway. Brain Res 2018; 1699:177-185. [PMID: 30092232 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes endothelial dysfunction and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, thus damages synaptic plasticity such as learning and memory. In this study we aim to investigate the effect of hemopexin (HPX) in protecting synaptic plasticity and blood brain barrier integrity from toxic heme, and determine whether this effect is via the activation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) through the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Our data indicates HPX showed a significant effect in inducing the expression of HO-1, promoting the migration and differentiation of EPCs, facilitating new blood vessel formation thus protecting blood-brain barrier integrity. Also the magnitude of synaptic plasticity of rats recovered with HPX treatment. And in the presence of HO-1 blocker Zinc protoporphyrin-9 (ZnppIX), HPX lost its protective effect. This suggests that HPX protects endothelial and blood brain barrier integrity from toxic heme, thus protects neurologic function in cerebral ischemic rats in HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Beibei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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9
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Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Abbassi S, Kaur H, Zambrano R, Wu S, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Acute Lung Injury: Evidence for Activation and Inhibition of a Neural-Respiratory-Inflammasome Axis. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2067-2076. [PMID: 29648974 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20-25% of traumatic brain injury (TBI) subjects develop acute lung injury (ALI), but the pathomechanisms of TBI-induced ALI remain poorly defined. Our previous work has shown that the inflammasome plays a critical role in TBI-induced secondary pathophysiology and that inflammasome proteins are released in extracellular vesicles (EV) after TBI. Here we investigated whether EV-mediated inflammasome signaling contributed to the etiology of TBI-induced ALI. C57/BL6 male mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), and the brains and lungs were examined for inflammasome activation and ALI at 4 and 24 h after TBI. We show that TBI releases EV containing inflammasome proteins into serum that target the lung to cause ALI, supporting activation of a neural-respiratory-inflammasome axis. Administration of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin, a blocker of EV uptake) or treatment with a monoclonal antibody against apoptosis speck-like staining protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (anti-ASC) after adoptive transfer of EV isolated from TBI-injured mice significantly inhibited inflammasome activation in the lungs of recipient mice resulting in improved ALI scores.This axis constitutes an important arm of the innate inflammatory response in lung pathology after TBI and targeting this axis represents a novel therapeutic treatment for TBI-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Kerr
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Sam Abbassi
- 2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Harmanpreet Kaur
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Shu Wu
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W Keane
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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10
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Assis-Nascimento P, Tsenkina Y, Liebl DJ. EphB3 signaling induces cortical endothelial cell death and disrupts the blood-brain barrier after traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:7. [PMID: 29311672 PMCID: PMC5849033 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the cerebrovascular network is a major contributor to dysfunction in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Vessels are composed of lumen-forming endothelial cells that associate closely with both glial and neuronal units to establish a functional blood–brain barrier (BBB). Under normal physiological conditions, these vascular units play important roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by delivering oxygen and nutrients while filtering out molecules and cells that could be harmful; however, after TBI this system is disrupted. Here, we describe a novel role for a class of receptors, called dependence receptors, in regulating vessel stability and BBB integrity after CCI injury in mice. Specifically, we identified that EphB3 receptors function as a pro-apoptotic dependence receptor in endothelial cells (ECs) that contributes to increased BBB damage after CCI injury. In the absence of EphB3, we observed increased endothelial cell survival, reduced BBB permeability and enhanced interactions of astrocyte-EC membranes. Interestingly, the brain’s response to CCI injury is to reduce EphB3 levels and its ligand ephrinB3; however, the degree and timing of those reductions limit the protective response of the CNS. We conclude that EphB3 is a negative regulator of cell survival and BBB integrity that undermine tissue repair, and represents a protective therapeutic target for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poincyane Assis-Nascimento
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, R-48, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yanina Tsenkina
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, R-48, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, R-48, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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11
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Perez EJ, Tapanes SA, Loris ZB, Balu DT, Sick TJ, Coyle JT, Liebl DJ. Enhanced astrocytic d-serine underlies synaptic damage after traumatic brain injury. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3114-3125. [PMID: 28714867 DOI: 10.1172/jci92300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
After traumatic brain injury (TBI), glial cells have both beneficial and deleterious roles in injury progression and recovery. However, few studies have examined the influence of reactive astrocytes in the tripartite synapse following TBI. Here, we have demonstrated that hippocampal synaptic damage caused by controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in mice results in a switch from neuronal to astrocytic d-serine release. Under nonpathological conditions, d-serine functions as a neurotransmitter and coagonist for NMDA receptors and is involved in mediating synaptic plasticity. The phasic release of neuronal d-serine is important in maintaining synaptic function, and deficiencies lead to reductions in synaptic function and plasticity. Following CCI injury, hippocampal neurons downregulated d-serine levels, while astrocytes enhanced production and release of d-serine. We further determined that this switch in the cellular source of d-serine, together with the release of basal levels of glutamate, contributes to synaptic damage and dysfunction. Astrocyte-specific elimination of the astrocytic d-serine-synthesizing enzyme serine racemase after CCI injury improved synaptic plasticity, brain oscillations, and learning behavior. We conclude that the enhanced tonic release of d-serine from astrocytes after TBI underlies much of the synaptic damage associated with brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enmanuel J Perez
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen A Tapanes
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zachary B Loris
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Darrick T Balu
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J Sick
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Laboratory of Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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12
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Perez EJ, Cepero ML, Perez SU, Coyle JT, Sick TJ, Liebl DJ. EphB3 signaling propagates synaptic dysfunction in the traumatic injured brain. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:73-84. [PMID: 27317833 PMCID: PMC5662938 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), ranging from mild concussion to severe penetrating wounds, can involve brain regions that contain damaged or lost synapses in the absence of neuronal death. These affected regions significantly contribute to sensory, motor and/or cognitive deficits. Thus, studying the mechanisms responsible for synaptic instability and dysfunction is important for protecting the nervous system from the consequences of progressive TBI. Our controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury produces ~20% loss of synapses and mild changes in synaptic protein levels in the CA3-CA1 hippocampus without neuronal losses. These synaptic changes are associated with functional deficits, indicated by >50% loss in synaptic plasticity and impaired learning behavior. We show that the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB3 participates in CCI injury-induced synaptic damage, where EphB3(-/-) mice show preserved long-term potentiation and hippocampal-dependent learning behavior as compared with wild type (WT) injured mice. Improved synaptic function in the absence of EphB3 results from attenuation in CCI injury-induced synaptic losses and reduced d-serine levels compared with WT injured mice. Together, these findings suggest that EphB3 signaling plays a deleterious role in synaptic stability and plasticity after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enmanuel J Perez
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria L Cepero
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sebastian U Perez
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Sick
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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