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Grotemeyer A, Petschner T, Peach R, Hoehl D, Knauer T, Thomas U, Endres H, Blum R, Sendtner M, Volkmann J, Ip CW. Standardized wireless deep brain stimulation system for mice. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:153. [PMID: 39143106 PMCID: PMC11324748 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a revolutionary technique for accessing and modulating brain circuits. DBS is used to treat dysfunctional neuronal circuits in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite over two decades of clinical application, the fundamental mechanisms underlying DBS are still not well understood. One reason is the complexity of in vivo electrical manipulation of the central nervous system, particularly in rodent models. DBS-devices for freely moving rodents are typically custom-designed and not commercially available, thus making it difficult to perform experimental DBS according to common standards. Addressing these challenges, we have developed a novel wireless microstimulation system for deep brain stimulation (wDBS) tailored for rodents. We demonstrate the efficacy of this device for the restoration of behavioral impairments in hemiparkinsonian mice through unilateral wDBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Moreover, we introduce a standardized and innovative pipeline, integrating machine learning techniques to analyze Parkinson's disease-like and DBS-induced gait changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grotemeyer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Petschner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Peach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dirk Hoehl
- Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Winchester Straße 8, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Knauer
- Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Winchester Straße 8, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Thomas
- Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Winchester Straße 8, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinz Endres
- University of Applied Science Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Ignaz-Schön-Straße 11, 97421, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Versbacherstraße 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Ersöz A, Kim I, Han M. A portable neurostimulator circuit with anodic bias enhances stimulation injection capacity. J Neural Eng 2022; 19:055010. [PMID: 36067737 PMCID: PMC9573774 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac8fb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Electrochemically safe and efficient charge injection for neural stimulation necessitates monitoring of polarization and enhanced charge injection capacity of the stimulating electrodes. In this work, we present improved microstimulation capability by developing a custom-designed multichannel portable neurostimulator with a fully programmable anodic bias circuitry and voltage transient monitoring feature.Approach.We developed a 16-channel multichannel neurostimulator system, compared charge injection capacities as a function of anodic bias potentials, and demonstrated convenient control of the system by a custom-designed user interface allowing bidirectional wireless data transmission of stimulation parameters and recorded voltage transients. Charge injections were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline with silicon-based iridium oxide microelectrodes.Main results.Under charge-balanced 200µs cathodic first pulsing, the charge injection capacities increased proportionally to the level of anodic bias applied, reaching a maximum of ten-fold increase in current intensity from 10µA (100µC cm-2) to 100µA (1000µC cm-2) with a 600 mV anodic bias. Our custom-designed and completely portable 16-channel neurostimulator enabled a significant increase in charge injection capacityin vitro. Significance.Limited charge injection capacity has been a bottleneck in neural stimulation applications, and our system may enable efficacious behavioral animal study involving chronic microstimulation while ensuring electrochemical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Ersöz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Insoo Kim
- Department of Medicine Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Martin Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
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3
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Knorr S, Musacchio T, Paulat R, Matthies C, Endres H, Wenger N, Harms C, Ip CW. Experimental deep brain stimulation in rodent models of movement disorders. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113926. [PMID: 34793784 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the preferred treatment for therapy-resistant movement disorders such as dystonia and Parkinson's disease (PD), mostly in advanced disease stages. Although DBS is already in clinical use for ~30 years and has improved patients' quality of life dramatically, there is still limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. Rodent models of PD and dystonia are essential tools to elucidate the mode of action of DBS on behavioral and multiscale neurobiological levels. Advances have been made in identifying DBS effects on the central motor network, neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in DBS studies of PD rodent models. The phenotypic dtsz mutant hamster and the transgenic DYT-TOR1A (ΔETorA) rat proved as valuable models of dystonia for preclinical DBS research. In addition, continuous refinements of rodent DBS technologies are ongoing and have contributed to improvement of experimental quality. We here review the currently existing literature on experimental DBS in PD and dystonia models regarding the choice of models, experimental design, neurobiological readouts, as well as methodological implications. Moreover, we provide an overview of the technical stage of existing DBS devices for use in rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Knorr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Musacchio
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Raik Paulat
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cordula Matthies
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Heinz Endres
- University of Applied Science Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Wenger
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
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4
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Krämer SD, Schuhmann MK, Schadt F, Israel I, Samnick S, Volkmann J, Fluri F. Changes of cerebral network activity after invasive stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region in a rat stroke model. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113884. [PMID: 34624326 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Motor deficits after stroke reflect both, focal lesion and network alterations in brain regions distant from infarction. This remote network dysfunction may be caused by aberrant signals from cortical motor regions travelling via mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) to other locomotor circuits. A method for modulating disturbed network activity is deep brain stimulation. Recently, we have shown that high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the MLR in rats has restored gait impairment after photothrombotic stroke (PTS). However, it remains elusive which cerebral regions are involved by MLR-stimulation and contribute to the improvement of locomotion. Seventeen male Wistar rats underwent photothrombotic stroke of the right sensorimotor cortex and implantation of a microelectrode into the right MLR. 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) was conducted before stroke and thereafter, on day 2 and 3 after stroke, without and with MLR-HFS, respectively. [18F]FDG-PET imaging analyses yielded a reduced glucose metabolism in the right cortico-striatal thalamic loop after PTS compared to the state before intervention. When MLR-HFS was applied after PTS, animals exhibited a significantly higher uptake of [18F]FDG in the right but not in the left cortico-striatal thalamic loop. Furthermore, MLR-HFS resulted in an elevated glucose metabolism of right-sided association cortices related to the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. These data support the concept of diaschisis i.e., of dysfunctional brain areas distant to a focal lesion and suggests that MLR-HFS can reverse remote network effects following PTS in rats which otherwise may result in chronic motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D Krämer
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences/Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabian Schadt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary PET center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary PET center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary PET center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Fluri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Plocksties F, Kober M, Niemann C, Heller J, Fauser M, Nüssel M, Uster F, Franz D, Zwar M, Lüttig A, Kröger J, Harloff J, Schulz A, Richter A, Köhling R, Timmermann D, Storch A. The software defined implantable modular platform (STELLA) for preclinical deep brain stimulation research in rodents. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34542029 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac23e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Context.Long-term deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies in rodents are of crucial importance for research progress in this field. However, most stimulation devices require jackets or large head-mounted systems which severely affect mobility and general welfare influencing animals' behavior.Objective.To develop a preclinical neurostimulation implant system for long-term DBS research in small animal models.Approach.We propose a low-cost dual-channel DBS implant called software defined implantable platform (STELLA) with a printed circuit board size of Ø13 × 3.3 mm, weight of 0.6 g and current consumption of 7.6µA/3.1 V combined with an epoxy resin-based encapsulation method.Main results.STELLA delivers charge-balanced and configurable current pulses with widely used commercial electrodes. Whilein vitrostudies demonstrate at least 12 weeks of error-free stimulation using a CR1225 battery, our calculations predict a battery lifetime of up to 3 years using a CR2032. Exemplary application for DBS of the subthalamic nucleus in adult rats demonstrates that fully-implanted STELLA neurostimulators are very well-tolerated over 42 days without relevant stress after the early postoperative phase resulting in normal animal behavior. Encapsulation, external control and monitoring of function proved to be feasible. Stimulation with standard parameters elicited c-Fos expression by subthalamic neurons demonstrating biologically active function of STELLA.Significance.We developed a fully implantable, scalable and reliable DBS device that meets the urgent need for reverse translational research on DBS in freely moving rodent disease models including sensitive behavioral experiments. We thus add an important technology for animal research according to 'The Principle of Humane Experimental Technique'-replacement, reduction and refinement (3R). All hardware, software and additional materials are available under an open source license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Plocksties
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Kober
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Niemann
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Heller
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Nüssel
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Uster
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Denise Franz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Monique Zwar
- Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anika Lüttig
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Justin Kröger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörg Harloff
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Timmermann
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Chang SJ, Cajigas I, Guest JD, Noga BR, Widerström-Noga E, Haq I, Fisher L, Luca CC, Jagid JR. Deep brain stimulation of the Cuneiform nucleus for levodopa-resistant freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a prospective, pilot trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:117. [PMID: 34078477 PMCID: PMC8169408 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) is a particularly debilitating motor deficit seen in a subset of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients that is poorly responsive to standard levodopa therapy or deep brain stimulation (DBS) of established PD targets such as the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus interna. The proposal of a DBS target in the midbrain, known as the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) to address FOG, was based on its observed pathology in PD and its hypothesized involvement in locomotor control as a part of the mesencephalic locomotor region, a functionally defined area of the midbrain that elicits locomotion in both intact animals and decerebrate animal preparations with electrical stimulation. Initial reports of PPN DBS were met with much enthusiasm; however, subsequent studies produced mixed results, and recent meta-analysis results have been far less convincing than initially expected. A closer review of the extensive mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) preclinical literature, including recent optogenetics studies, strongly suggests that the closely related cuneiform nucleus (CnF), just dorsal to the PPN, may be a superior target to promote gait initiation. METHODS We will conduct a prospective, open-label, single-arm pilot study to assess safety and feasibility of CnF DBS in PD patients with levodopa-refractory FOG. Four patients will receive CnF DBS and have gait assessments with and without DBS during a 6-month follow-up. DISCUSSION This paper presents the study design and rationale for a pilot study investigating a novel DBS target for gait dysfunction, including targeting considerations. This pilot study is intended to support future larger scale clinical trials investigating this target. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04218526 (registered January 6, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephano J Chang
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Iahn Cajigas
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 N.W. 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - James D Guest
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 N.W. 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Brian R Noga
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 N.W. 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Eva Widerström-Noga
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 N.W. 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ihtsham Haq
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Letitia Fisher
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 N.W. 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Corneliu C Luca
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan R Jagid
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 N.W. 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Shim S, Yun S, Kim S, Choi GJ, Baek C, Jang J, Jung Y, Sung J, Park JH, Seo K, Seo JM, Song YK, Kim SJ. A handheld neural stimulation controller for avian navigation guided by remote control. Biomed Mater Eng 2020; 30:497-507. [PMID: 31640081 DOI: 10.3233/bme-191070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal learning based on brain stimulation is an application in a brain-computer interface. Especially for birds, such a stimulation system should be sufficiently light without interfering with movements of wings. OBJECTIVE We proposed a fully-implantable system for wirelessly navigating a pigeon. In this paper, we report a handheld neural stimulation controller for this avian navigation guided by remote control. METHODS The handheld controller employs ZigBee to control pigeon's behaviors through brain stimulation. ZigBee can manipulate brain stimulation remotely while powered by batteries. Additionally, simple switches enable users to customize parameters of stimuli like a gamepad. These handheld and user-friendly interfaces make it easy to use the controller while a pigeon flies in open areas. RESULTS An electrode was inserted into a nucleus (formatio reticularis medialis mesencephalic) of a pigeon and connected to a stimulator fully-implanted in the pigeon's back. Receiving signals sent from the controller, the stimulator supplied biphasic pulses with a duration of 0.080 ms and an amplitude of 0.400 mA to the nucleus. When the nucleus was stimulated, a 180-degree turning-left behavior of the pigeon was consistently observed. CONCLUSIONS The feasibility of remote avian navigation using the controller was successfully verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyong Shim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Yun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhyo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Jin Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwoo Jang
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Younginha Jung
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, USA
| | - Jeong Hoan Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Mo Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyu Song
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung June Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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8
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In vivo validation of a new portable stimulator for chronic deep brain stimulation in freely moving rats. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 333:108577. [PMID: 31899208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered as a gold standard therapy for the alleviation of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). This success paved the way to its application for other neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this context, we aimed to develop a rodent-specific stimulator with characteristics similar to those used in patients. NEW METHOD We designed a stimulator that can be connected to an electrode container with options for bilateral or unilateral stimulation selection and offers a wide range of frequencies, pulse widths and intensities, constant current, biphasic current-control and charge balancing. Dedicated software was developed to program these parameters and the device was tested on a bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. RESULTS The equipment was well tolerated by the animals with a good general welfare. STN stimulation (130 Hz frequency, 0.06 ms pulse width, 150 μA average intensity) improved the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA as it significantly increased the number of movements compared to the values obtained in the same animals without STN stimulation. Furthermore, it restored motor coordination by significantly increasing the time spent on the rotarod bar. CONCLUSION We successfully developed and validated a new portable and programmable stimulator for freely moving rats that delivers a large range of stimulation parameters using bilateral biphasic current-control and charge balancing to maximize tissue safety. This device can be used to test deep brain stimulation in different animal models of human brain diseases.
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9
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Morrison TJ, Sefton E, Marquez-Chin M, Popovic MR, Morshead CM, Naguib HE. A 3D Printed Device for Low Cost Neural Stimulation in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:784. [PMID: 31417347 PMCID: PMC6682623 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the brain through the implantation of electrodes is an effective treatment for certain diseases and the focus of a large body of research investigating new cell mechanisms, neurological phenomena, and treatments. Electrode devices developed for stimulation in rodents vary widely in size, cost, and functionality, with the majority of recent studies presenting complex, multi-functional designs. While some experiments require these added features, others are in greater need of reliable, low cost, and readily available devices that will allow surgeries to be scheduled and completed without delay. In this work, we utilize 3D printing and common electrical hardware to produce an effective 2-channel stimulation device that meets these requirements. Our stimulation electrode has not failed in over 60 consecutive surgeries, costs less than $1 USD, and can be assembled in less than 20 min. 3D printing minimizes the amount of material used in manufacturing the device and enables one to match the curvature of the connector’s base with the curvature of the mouse skull, producing an ultra-lightweight, low size device with improved adhesion to the mouse skull. The range of the stimulation parameters used with the proposed device was: pulse amplitude 1–200 μA, pulse duration 50–500 μs and pulse frequency 1–285 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Morrison
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elana Sefton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Marquez-Chin
- Department of Engineering, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.,KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milos R Popovic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Gulino M, Kim D, Pané S, Santos SD, Pêgo AP. Tissue Response to Neural Implants: The Use of Model Systems Toward New Design Solutions of Implantable Microelectrodes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:689. [PMID: 31333407 PMCID: PMC6624471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of implantable neuroelectrodes is advancing rapidly as these tools are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in clinical practice, especially for the treatment of traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders. Electrodes have been exploited in a wide number of neural interface devices, such as deep brain stimulation, which is one of the most successful therapies with proven efficacy in the treatment of diseases like Parkinson or epilepsy. However, one of the main caveats related to the clinical application of electrodes is the nervous tissue response at the injury site, characterized by a cascade of inflammatory events, which culminate in chronic inflammation, and, in turn, result in the failure of the implant over extended periods of time. To overcome current limitations of the most widespread macroelectrode based systems, new design strategies and the development of innovative materials with superior biocompatibility characteristics are currently being investigated. This review describes the current state of the art of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models available for the study of neural tissue response to implantable microelectrodes. We particularly highlight new models with increased complexity that closely mimic in vivo scenarios and that can serve as promising alternatives to animal studies for investigation of microelectrodes in neural tissues. Additionally, we also express our view on the impact of the progress in the field of neural tissue engineering on neural implant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gulino
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Duque Santos
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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