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Versace F, Kypriotakis G, Pluta D. Neuroaffective reactivity profiles are associated with vulnerability to e-cigarette use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 247:109871. [PMID: 37084510 PMCID: PMC10257198 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested whether neuroaffective responses to motivationally salient stimuli are associated with vulnerability to cue-induced e-cigarette use in e-cigarette naïve adults who smoke daily. We hypothesized that individuals with stronger neuroaffective responses to nicotine-related cues than to pleasant stimuli (the C>P reactivity profile) would be more vulnerable to cue-induced nicotine self-administration than individuals with stronger neuroaffective responses to pleasant stimuli than to nicotine-related cues (the P>C reactivity profile). METHODS We used event-related potentials (ERPs, a direct measure of cortical activity) to measure neuroaffective reactivity to pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, and nicotine-related cues indicating the opportunity to use an e-cigarette in 36 participants. For each picture category, we computed the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), a robust index of motivational salience. To identify each individual's neuroaffective reactivity profile we applied k-means cluster analysis on the LPP responses. We compared the e-cigarette use frequency across profiles using quantile regression for counts. RESULTS K-means cluster analysis assigned 18 participants to the C>P profile and 18 participants to the P>C profile. Individuals with the C>P neuroaffective profile used the e-cigarette significantly more often than those with the P>C profile. Significant differences in the number of puffs persisted across different quantiles. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that individual differences in the tendency to attribute motivational salience to drug-related cues underlie vulnerability to cue-induced drug self-administration. Targeting the neuroaffective profiles that we identified with tailored treatments could improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States.
| | - George Kypriotakis
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Dustin Pluta
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States; Department of Statistics, Rice University, United States
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Versace F, Robinson JD, Cinciripini PM. Toward neuromarkers for tailored smoking cessation treatments. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 6. [PMID: 37034180 PMCID: PMC10081511 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerability to compulsive drug use stems from dysregulated activity within the neural networks that underlie reward and executive functions. Empirical evidence suggests that a) attributing high motivational salience to drug-related stimuli leads to compulsive drug seeking and b) cognitive control deficits lead to compulsive drug taking. Noninvasive neuroimaging techniques enable brain activity monitoring during affective and cognitive processing and are paving the way to precision medicine for substance use disorders. Identifying robust neuromarkers of affective and cognitive dysregulation would allow clinicians to personalize treatments by targeting individual psychophysiological vulnerabilities. However, methodological choices have biased the field toward experimental paradigms that cannot optimally assess individual differences in the motivational salience of drug-related cues and in the ability to control drug-related decisions, choices which have hindered the identification of clinically relevant neuromarkers. Here, we show that once these shortcomings are amended, replicable neuromarkers of the tendency to attribute motivational salience to drug-related cues and the ability to control drug-related decisions emerge. While we use tobacco use disorder as a model, we also show that the methodological issues highlighted here are relevant to other disorders characterized by maladaptive appetitive behaviors.
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Mata JL, Miranda Gálvez AL, López Torrecillas F, Miccoli L. Cardiac sensitivity to rewards in cognitively inflexible nonclinical participants. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15318. [PMID: 37180586 PMCID: PMC10174053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In psychopathologies characterized by compulsive decision-making, core impairments include cognitive inflexibility and excessive sensitivity to rewards. It has been posited that traits shared by nonclinical individuals and psychiatric patients could help explain the pathogenesis of compulsive decision-making. Methods To investigate whether cognitive inflexibility predisposes nonclinical individuals to poor choices and hyper-reactivity to reward, we recruited people with high and low scores for cognitive persistence and used the Iowa Gambling Task to assess decision-making and cardiac reactivity to monetary gains/losses. Results As is frequently observed in psychophysiological research, the data indicated discrepancies among self-reports, behavior, and physiology. Cognitive inflexibility was not related to worse performance; however, monetary gains, in line with the literature, prompted marked cardiac accelerations. Consistent with our research goal, only inflexible participants showed large cardiac accelerations during the largest monetary wins. Discussion Taken together, the data confirm an association between cognitive persistence and physiological reward sensitivity in a nonclinical population. The findings are in line with recent theories on the development of compulsive behaviors that consider cognitive inflexibility as a transdiagnostic impairment and predisposing factor for excessive reactivity to rewards, and might act both as a preexisting individual trait and drug-induced deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Mata
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | | | - Francisca López Torrecillas
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Laura Miccoli
- Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Andalucía, Spain
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Webber HE, de Dios C, Wardle MC, Suchting R, Green CE, Schmitz JM, Lane SD, Versace F. Electrophysiological responses to emotional and cocaine cues reveal individual neuroaffective profiles in cocaine users. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:514-524. [PMID: 33630644 PMCID: PMC8406778 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smokers with stronger neuroaffective responses to drug-related cues compared to nondrug-related pleasant images (C > P) are more vulnerable to compulsive smoking than individuals with the opposite brain reactivity profile (P > C). However, it is unknown if these neurobehavioral profiles exist in individuals abusing other drugs. We tested whether individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) show similar neuroaffective profiles to smokers. We also monitored eye movements to assess attentional bias toward cues and we further performed exploratory analyses on demographics, personality, and drug use between profiles. Participants with CUD (n = 43) viewed pleasant, unpleasant, cocaine, and neutral images while we recorded electroencephalogram. For each picture category, we computed the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential component that reflects motivational relevance. k-means clustering classified participants based on their LPP responses. In line with what has been observed in smokers, clustering participants using LPP responses revealed the presence of two groups: one with larger LPPs to pleasant images compared to cocaine images (P > C) and one group with larger LPPs to cocaine images compared to pleasant images (C > P). Individuals with the C > P reactivity profile also had higher attentional bias toward drug cues. The two groups did not differ on demographic and drug use characteristics, however individuals with the C > P profile reported lower distress tolerance, higher anhedonia, and higher posttraumatic stress symptoms compared to the P > C group. This is the first study to report the presence of these neuroaffective profiles in individuals with CUD, indicating that this pattern may cut across addiction populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Webber
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Constanza de Dios
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Margaret C. Wardle
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Charles E. Green
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas
MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Delgado-Rodríguez R, Versace F, Hernández-Rivero I, Guerra P, Fernández-Santaella MC, Miccoli L. Food addiction symptoms are related to neuroaffective responses to preferred binge food and erotic cues. Appetite 2021; 168:105687. [PMID: 34509546 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that some individuals succumb to maladaptive eating behaviors because, like those with addiction, they attribute high incentive salience to food-associated cues. Here, we tested whether women that attribute high incentive salience to food-associated cues report high food addiction symptomatology. In 76 college women, we assessed self-reported food addiction symptoms using the Yale Food Addiction Scale and we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs, a direct measure of brain activity) to preferred food, erotic, unpleasant, and neutral images. We used the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP, a component of the ERPs) as an index of the incentive salience attributed to the images. Using a multivariate classification algorithm (k-means cluster analysis), we identified two neuroaffective reactivity profiles that have been previously associated with individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues and with differences in vulnerability to addictive behaviors. Results showed that women with elevated LPP responses to preferred food cues relative to erotic images report higher food addiction symptoms than women with low LPP responses to preferred food cues relative to other motivationally relevant stimuli. These results support the hypothesis that individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to food cues play an important role in modulating food addiction symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Isabel Hernández-Rivero
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Fernández-Santaella
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Miccoli
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Kang X, Handayani DOD, Chong PP, Acharya UR. Profiling of pornography addiction among children using EEG signals: A systematic literature review. Comput Biol Med 2020; 125:103970. [PMID: 32892114 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays human behavior has been affected with the advent of new digital technologies. Due to the rampant use of the Internet by children, many have been addicted to pornography. This addiction has negatively affected the behaviors of children including increased impulsiveness, learning ability to attention, poor decision-making, memory problems, and deficit in emotion regulation. The children with porn addiction can be identified by parents and medical practitioners as third-party observers. This systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to increase the understanding of porn addiction using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. We have searched five different databases namely IEEE, ACM, Science Direct, Springer and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using addiction, porn, and EEG as keywords along with 'OR 'operation in between the expressions. We have selected 46 studies in this work by screening 815,554 papers from five databases. Our results show that it is possible to identify children with porn addiction using EEG signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Kang
- Master of Computer Science, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dini Oktarina Dwi Handayani
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Innovation & Technology, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann, Singapore University of Social Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan.
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