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Ribeiro JF, Virtuoso J, Santos Silva Í, Fernandes P, Santos S, Guerra P. The Multiple Faces of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:226-230. [PMID: 37671732 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231198959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Filipe Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sousa Martins, Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - João Virtuoso
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sousa Martins, Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Íris Santos Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sousa Martins, Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sousa Martins, Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sónia Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sousa Martins, Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sousa Martins, Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
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Saz-Leal P, Zamorano-Domínguez L, Frías J, Guerra P, Saura-Valls M, Roca-Juanes R, Nebot-Troyano J, García-Aguilar E, Vilchez T, Urso K. Bioavailability of Cariban ® Capsules: A Modified-Release Fixed-Dose Combination of Doxylamine and Pyridoxine to Relieve Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy. Drugs R D 2023:10.1007/s40268-023-00425-7. [PMID: 37318714 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-023-00425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nausea and vomiting is a very prevalent condition during pregnancy. Combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine is placed as first-line pharmacological option for its treatment in most clinical guidelines. Among different release forms available, Cariban® is a fixed-dose combination of doxylamine/pyridoxine 10/10 mg, formulated as modified-release capsules. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we aimed to characterize the bioavailability performance of Cariban® in vitro and in vivo. METHODS An in vitro dissolution test was performed to evaluate the release profile of Cariban®, together with immediate- and delayed-release formulations available on the market. A single-center, single-dose, open-label bioavailability study following Cariban® administration in 12 healthy adult female patients was carried out to explore the drug behavior in vivo (protocol NBR-002-13; EUDRA-CT 2013-005422-35). These data were additionally used to perform a computational pharmacokinetic simulation of the posology approved for this drug. RESULTS Cariban® capsules demonstrate a prolonged-release performance, with an early, gradual, and progressive release of both actives until reaching a complete dissolution after 4-5 h in solution. The pharmacokinetic features of these capsules show that doxylamine and pyridoxine metabolites are early absorbed, being all detectable in plasma within 1 h following oral administration. Computational pharmacokinetic simulation predicts that different posology provides distinct profiles of metabolites in plasma, with 1-1-2 (morning-midafternoon-night) being the one that concentrates higher plasma levels but lower dose dumping for 24 h. CONCLUSION Cariban® behaves as a prolonged-release formulation, which correlates with rapid absorption and arising of the actives in the plasma, but also long-lasting and sustained bioavailability, especially when administered following the complete posology. These results would underlie its demonstrated efficacy to relieve nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) under clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saz-Leal
- Medical Department, ITF Research Pharma S.L.U., Alcobendas, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Frías
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Vilchez
- Medical Department, ITF Research Pharma S.L.U., Alcobendas, Spain
| | - Katia Urso
- R&D Department, ITF Research Pharma S.L.U., Alcobendas, Spain.
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Morato C, Guerra P, Bublatzky F. A partner's smile is not per se a safety signal: Psychophysiological response patterns to instructed threat and safety. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14273. [PMID: 36812132 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on fear conditioning and pain perception suggest that pictures of loved ones (e.g., a romantic partner) may serve as a prepared safety cue that is less likely to signal aversive events. Challenging this view, we examined whether pictures of smiling or angry loved ones are better safety or threat cues. To this end, 47 healthy participants were verbally instructed that specific facial expressions (e.g., happy faces) cue threat of electric shocks and others cue safety (e.g., angry faces). When facial images served as threat cues, they elicited distinct psychophysiological defensive responses (e.g., increased threat ratings, startle reflex, and skin conductance responses) compared to viewing safety cues. Interestingly, instructed threat effects occurred regardless of the person who cued shock threat (partner vs. unknown) and their facial expression (happy vs. angry). Taken together, these results demonstrate the flexible nature of facial information (i.e., facial expression and facial identity) to be easily learned as signals for threat or safety, even when showing loved ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morato
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Florian Bublatzky
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Abraham JD, Salvetat N, Guerra P, Ferrari M, Le Guen P, Biglia O, Henry C, Kessing L, Haro J, Vieta E, Weissmann D. Clinical validation of EDIT-B test for the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9565526 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating episodes of high mood and low mood similar to depression. To differentiate BD patients from unipolar (UN) depressed patients remains a challenge and the clinical scales available failed to distinguish these 2 populations. ALCEDIAG developed EDIT-B, the first blood test able to make a differential diagnosis of BD. Based on RNA editing modifications measurement and AI, the test requires a simple blood draw and equipment available in most central laboratories. A first study on 160 UN and 95 BD patients allowed a differential diagnosis with an AUC of 0.935 and high specificity (Sp=84.6%) and sensitivity (Se=90.9%). A multicentric clinical study has been set up to validate these performances. Objectives The objective of this project is to run a multicentric clinical study in Europe and assess the performances of the test. Methods The EDIT-B project, led by Alcediag, is supported by EIT-Health grant (European institute of Innovation and Technology) and gathers 4 clinical centers in 3 countries (France, Spain, Danemark), a CRO for the clinical study management (Aixial), a CRO for the development of a diagnostic kit (Veracyte), a diagnostic lab for molecular biology analyses (Synlab), and a regulatory company (PLG). Results At the end of the study, the EDIT-B performance will be confirmed and the test will be CE-marked. Conclusions This test will address the needs of millions of patients suffering from misdiagnosis and therefore allow them to receive the correct treatment. Disclosure JDA, NS and DW are employees of Alcediag.
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Bublatzky F, Schellhaas S, Guerra P. The mere sight of loved ones does not inhibit psychophysiological defense mechanisms when threatened. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2515. [PMID: 35169193 PMCID: PMC8847570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Looking at pictures of loved ones, such as one's romantic partner or good friends, has been shown to alleviate the experience of pain and reduce defensive reactions. However, little is known about such modulatory effects on threat and safety learning and the psychophysiological processes involved. Here, we explored the hypothesis that beloved faces serve as implicit safety cues and attenuate the expression of fear responses and/or accelerate extinction learning in a threatening context. Thirty-two participants viewed pictures of their loved ones (romantic partner, parents, and best friend) as well as of unknown individuals within contextual background colors indicating threat-of-shock or safety. Focusing on the extinction of non-reinforced threat associations (no shocks were given), the experiment was repeated on two more test days while the defensive startle-EMG, SCR, and threat ratings were obtained. Results confirmed pronounced defensive responding to instructed threat-of-shock relative to safety context (e.g., threat-enhanced startle reflex and SCR). Moreover, threat-potentiated startle response slowly declined across test days indicating passive extinction learning in the absence of shocks. Importantly, neither a main effect of face category (loved vs. unknown) nor a significant interaction with threat/safety instructions was observed. Thus, a long-term learning history of beneficial relations (e.g., with supportive parents) did not interfere with verbal threat learning and aversive apprehensions. These findings reflect the effects of worries and apprehensions that persist despite the repeated experience of safety and the pictorial presence of loved ones. How to counter such aversive expectations is key to changing mal-adaptive behaviors (e.g., avoidance or stockpiling), biased risk perceptions, and stereotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bublatzky
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Personality, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Sabine Schellhaas
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Personality, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ibáñez P, Villa-Abaunza A, Vidal M, Guerra P, Graullera S, Illana C, Udías JM. XIORT-MC: A real-time MC-based dose computation tool for low- energy X-rays intraoperative radiation therapy. Med Phys 2021; 48:8089-8106. [PMID: 34658039 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The INTRABEAM system is a miniature accelerator for low-energy X-ray Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy (IORT), and it could benefit from a fast and accurate dose computation tool. With regards to accuracy, dose computed with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are the gold standard, however, they require a large computational effort and consequently they are not suitable for real-time dose planning. This work presents a comparison of the implementation on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) of two different dose calculation algorithms based on MC phase-space (PHSP) information to compute dose distributions for the INTRABEAM device within seconds and with the accuracy of realistic MC simulations. METHODS The MC-based algorithms we present incorporate photoelectric, Compton and Rayleigh effects for the interaction of low-energy X-rays. XIORT-MC (X-ray Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy Monte Carlo) includes two dose calculation algorithms; a Woodcock-based MC algorithm (WC-MC) and a Hybrid MC algorithm (HMC), and it is implemented in CPU and in GPU. Detailed MC simulations have been generated to validate our tool in homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions with all INTRABEAM applicators, including three clinically realistic CT-based simulations. A performance study has been done to determine the acceleration reached with the code, in both CPU and GPU implementations. RESULTS Dose distributions were obtained with the HMC and the WC-MC and compared to standard reference MC simulations with more than 95% voxels fulfilling a 7%-0.5 mm gamma evaluation in all the cases considered. The CPU-HMC is 100 times more efficient than the reference MC, and the CPU-WC-MC is about 50 times more efficient. With the GPU implementation, the particle tracking of the WC-MC is faster than the HMC, with the extraction of the particle's information from the PHSP file taking a major part of the time. However, thanks to the variance reduction techniques implemented in the HMC, up to 400 times less particles are needed in the HMC to reach the same level of noise than the WC-MC. Therefore, in our implementation for INTRABEAM energies, the HMC is about 1.3 times more efficient than the WC-MC in an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti card and about 5.5 times more efficient in an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090. Dose with noise below 5% has been obtained in realistic situations in less than 5 s with the WC-MC and in less than 0.5 s with the HMC. CONCLUSIONS The XIORT-MC is a dose computation tool designed to take full advantage of modern GPUs, making possible to obtain MC-grade accurate dose distributions within seconds. Its high speed allows a real-time dose calculation that includes the realistic effects of the beam in voxelized geometries of patients. It can be used as a dose-planning tool in the operating room during a XIORT treatment with any INTRABEAM device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ibáñez
- Nuclear Physics Group, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, CEI Moncloa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Villa-Abaunza
- Nuclear Physics Group, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, CEI Moncloa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie Vidal
- Nuclear Physics Group, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, CEI Moncloa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSIT, CEI Moncloa, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Tres Cantos, MedLumics S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José Manuel Udías
- Nuclear Physics Group, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, CEI Moncloa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Delgado-Rodríguez R, Versace F, Hernández-Rivero I, Guerra P, Fernández-Santaella MC, Miccoli L. Food addiction symptoms are related to neuroaffective responses to preferred binge food and erotic cues. Appetite 2021; 168:105687. [PMID: 34509546 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that some individuals succumb to maladaptive eating behaviors because, like those with addiction, they attribute high incentive salience to food-associated cues. Here, we tested whether women that attribute high incentive salience to food-associated cues report high food addiction symptomatology. In 76 college women, we assessed self-reported food addiction symptoms using the Yale Food Addiction Scale and we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs, a direct measure of brain activity) to preferred food, erotic, unpleasant, and neutral images. We used the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP, a component of the ERPs) as an index of the incentive salience attributed to the images. Using a multivariate classification algorithm (k-means cluster analysis), we identified two neuroaffective reactivity profiles that have been previously associated with individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues and with differences in vulnerability to addictive behaviors. Results showed that women with elevated LPP responses to preferred food cues relative to erotic images report higher food addiction symptoms than women with low LPP responses to preferred food cues relative to other motivationally relevant stimuli. These results support the hypothesis that individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to food cues play an important role in modulating food addiction symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Isabel Hernández-Rivero
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Fernández-Santaella
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Miccoli
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Jornet N, Perez Alija J, Bermejo S, Ventosa N, Pedro A, Gomez de Segura G, Guerra P, Sancho G. PO-1707 Near misses reporting: effective tool for safety culture shift in a Radiation Oncology Department. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Perez-Martinez A, Ferreras C, Mora-Rillo M, Guerra P, Pascual-Miguel B, Mestre-Durán C, Borobia A, Carcas A, Quiroga J, García I, Sánchez-Zapardiel E, Gasior M, de Paz R, Marcos A, Vicario J, Balas A, Eguizabal C, Solano C, Arribas J, de Miguel R, Montejano R, Soria B. A phase I/II dose-escalation single center study to evaluate the safety of infusion of memory t cells as adoptive therapy in coronavirus pneumonia and /or lymphopenia (release). Cytotherapy 2021. [PMCID: PMC8111904 DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Andrieu N, Hossard L, Graveline N, Dugue P, Guerra P, Chirinda N. Covid-19 management by farmers and policymakers in Burkina Faso, Colombia and France: Lessons for climate action. Agric Syst 2021; 190:103092. [PMID: 36567889 PMCID: PMC9759625 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT During crises, adaptation or recovery measures or plans at local or national scales may not necessarily address longer-term or structural problems such as climate change mitigation. OBJECTIVE This article describes farmers and policymakers' responses to mitigate the adverse effects of Covid-19 on the agricultural sector. We then assess the responses' possible effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. METHODS The study is based on surveys conducted with farmers, traders, and extension staff in Burkina Faso, Colombia, and France, and literature. We used the Cool Farm Tool calculator to assess GHG emissions associated with fertilizer production, crop production and produce transportation to international markets for the three main cash crops in the three countries. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified contrasting responses by the agricultural sector mostly driven by changes in the consumption patterns at local or international levels. We also identified contrasting state responses to mitigate Covid-19. These responses at farm and policy scales led to similar trends in decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions across the studied countries. However, none of the studied countries linked Covid-19 response measures to long-term climate change mitigation actions. Therefore, an opportunity to sustain Covid-19 induced short-term decreases in GHG emissions was overlooked. SIGNIFICANCE Analyzing the impacts that Covid-19 had on agricultural systems and the decision taken by policymakers to handle its direct and indirect effects can help society draw lessons on how to improve climate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Andrieu
- University of Montpellier, UMR Innovation, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), F-34398 Montpellier, France
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - L Hossard
- University of Montpellier, UMR Innovation, INRAE, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - N Graveline
- University of Montpellier, UMR Innovation, INRAE, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - P Dugue
- University of Montpellier, UMR Innovation, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - P Guerra
- University of Montpellier, UMR Innovation, French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - N Chirinda
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), AgroBioSciences (AgBS), Agricultural Innovations and Technology Transfer Centre (AITTC), Benguerir, Morocco
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Abstract
Significant others provide individuals with a sense of safety and security. However, the mechanisms that underlie attachment-induced safety are hardly understood. Recent research has shown beneficial effects when viewing pictures of the romantic partner, leading to reduced pain experience and defensive responding. Building upon this, we examined the inhibitory capacity of loved face pictures on fear learning in an instructed threat paradigm. Pictures of loved familiar or unknown individuals served as signals for either threat of electric shocks or safety, while a broad set of psychophysiological measures was recorded. We assumed that a long-term learning history of beneficial relations interferes with social threat learning. Nevertheless, results yielded a typical pattern of physiological defense activation towards threat cues, regardless of whether threat was signaled by an unknown or a loved face. These findings call into question the notion that pictures of loved individuals are shielded against becoming threat cues, with implications for attachment and trauma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morato
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Florian Bublatzky
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
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Bublatzky F, Kavcıoğlu F, Guerra P, Doll S, Junghöfer M. Contextual information resolves uncertainty about ambiguous facial emotions: Behavioral and magnetoencephalographic correlates. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116814. [PMID: 32276073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions bias our perception of other peoples' facial emotions. This becomes quite relevant in potentially threatening situations, when a fellow's facial expression might indicate potential danger. The present study tested the prediction that a threatening environment biases the recognition of facial emotions. To this end, low- and medium-expressive happy and fearful faces (morphed to 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% emotional) were presented within a context of instructed threat-of-shock or safety. Self-reported data revealed that instructed threat led to a biased recognition of fearful, but not happy facial expressions. Magnetoencephalographic correlates revealed spatio-temporal clusters of neural network activity associated with emotion recognition and contextual threat/safety in early to mid-latency time intervals in the left parietal cortex, bilateral prefrontal cortex, and the left temporal pole regions. Early parietal activity revealed a double dissociation of face-context information as a function of the expressive level of facial emotions: When facial expressions were difficult to recognize (low-expressive), contextual threat enhanced fear processing and contextual safety enhanced processing of subtle happy faces. However, for rather easily recognizable faces (medium-expressive) the left hemisphere (parietal cortex, PFC, and temporal pole) showed enhanced activity to happy faces during contextual threat and fearful faces during safety. Thus, contextual settings reduce the salience threshold and boost early face processing of low-expressive congruent facial emotions, whereas face-context incongruity or mismatch effects drive neural activity of easier recognizable facial emotions. These results elucidate how environmental settings help recognize facial emotions, and the brain mechanisms underlying the recognition of subtle nuances of fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bublatzky
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Fatih Kavcıoğlu
- Chair of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Personality, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Sarah Doll
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Junghöfer
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
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13
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Bublatzky F, Riemer M, Guerra P. Reversing Threat to Safety: Incongruence of Facial Emotions and Instructed Threat Modulates Conscious Perception but Not Physiological Responding. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2091. [PMID: 31572272 PMCID: PMC6753879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial expressions inform about other peoples’ emotion and motivation and thus are central for social communication. However, the meaning of facial expressions may change depending on what we have learned about the related consequences. For instance, a smile might easily become threatening when displayed by a person who is known to be dangerous. The present study examined the malleability of emotional facial valence by means of social learning. To this end, facial expressions served as cues for verbally instructed threat-of-shock or safety (e.g., “happy faces cue shocks”). Moreover, reversal instructions tested the flexibility of threat/safety associations (e.g., “now happy faces cue safety”). Throughout the experiment, happy, neutral, and angry facial expressions were presented and auditory startle probes elicited defensive reflex activity. Results show that self-reported ratings and physiological reactions to threat/safety cues dissociate. Regarding threat and valence ratings, happy facial expressions tended to be more resistant becoming a threat cue, and angry faces remain threatening even when instructed as safety cue. For physiological response systems, however, we observed threat-potentiated startle reflex and enhanced skin conductance responses for threat compared to safety cues regardless of whether threat was cued by happy or angry faces. Thus, the incongruity of visual and verbal threat/safety information modulates conscious perception, but not the activation of physiological response systems. These results show that verbal instructions can readily overwrite the intrinsic meaning of facial emotions, with clear benefits for social communication as learning and anticipation of threat and safety readjusted to accurately track environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bublatzky
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Riemer
- Aging & Cognition Research Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Faculty for Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Personality, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Vila J, Morato C, Lucas I, Guerra P, Castro-Laguardia AM, Bobes MA. The affective processing of loved familiar faces and names: Integrating fMRI and heart rate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216057. [PMID: 31039182 PMCID: PMC6490893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroscientific study of love has been boosted by an extended corpus of research on face-identity recognition. However, few studies have compared the emotional mechanisms activated by loved faces and names and none have simultaneously examined fMRI and autonomic measures. The present study combined fMRI with the heart rate response when 21 participants (10 males) passively viewed the face or the written name of 4 loved people and 4 unknown people. The results showed accelerative patterns in heart rate, together with brain activations, which were significantly higher for loved people than for unknown people. Significant correlations were found between heart rate and brain activation in frontal areas, for faces, and in temporal areas, for names. The results are discussed in the context of previous studies using the same passive viewing procedure, highlighting the relevance of integrating peripheral and central measures in the scientific study of positive emotion and love.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Vila
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Morato
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Vidal M, Ibáñez P, Guerra P, Valdivieso-Casique MF, Rodríguez R, Illana C, Udías JM. Fast optimized Monte Carlo phase-space generation and dose prediction for low energy x-ray intra-operative radiation therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:075002. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab03e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lucas I, Sánchez-Adam A, Vila J, Guerra P. Positive emotional reactions to loved names. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13363. [PMID: 30883805 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies concerning personal attachment have successfully used loved familiar faces to prompt positive affective and physiological reactions. Moreover, the processing of emotional words shows similar physiological patterns to those found with affective pictures. The objective of this study was to assess whether the passive viewing of loved names would produce a pattern of subjective and physiological reactivity similar to that produced by the passive viewing of loved faces. The results showed that, compared to neutral (unknown) and famous names, loved names produced a biphasic pattern of heart rate deceleration-acceleration, heightened skin conductance and zygomaticus muscle activity, inhibition of corrugator muscle activity, and potentiation of the startle reflex response. This pattern of physiological responses was accompanied by subjective reports of higher positive affect and arousal for loved names than for neutral and famous ones. These findings highlight not only the similarity but also the differences between the affective processing of identity recognition by loved faces and names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Adam
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jaime Vila
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
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Abstract
Psychological research has long acknowledged that facial expressions can implicitly trigger affective psychophysiological responses. However, whether verbal information can alter the meaning of facial emotions and corresponding response patterns has not been tested. This study examined emotional facial expressions as cues for instructed threat-of-shock or safety, with a focus on defensive responding. In addition, reversal instructions were introduced to test the impact of explicit safety instructions on fear extinction. Forty participants were instructed that they would receive unpleasant electric shocks, for instance, when viewing happy but not angry faces. In a second block, instructions were reversed (e.g., now angry faces cued shock). Happy, neutral, and angry faces were repeatedly presented, and auditory startle probes were delivered in half of the trials. The defensive startle reflex was potentiated for threat compared to safety cues. Importantly, this effect occurred regardless of whether threat was cued by happy or angry expressions. Although the typical pattern of response habituation was observed, defense activation to newly instructed threat cues remained significantly enhanced in the second part of the experiment, and it was more pronounced in more socially anxious participants. Thus, anxious individuals did not exhibit more pronounced defense activation compared to less anxious participants, but their defense activation was more persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bublatzky
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Clinical Psychology and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Pedro Guerra
- University of Granada, Department of Personality, Granada, Spain
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Clinical Psychology and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Zimmermmann J, Duarte AM, Silva AC, Batalha S, Silva C, Dias B, Fraga C, Goston HS, Guerra P, Cabral V, Rodrigues Y. 6. Vitamin d and pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martínez-Ávila JC, García Bartolomé A, García I, Dapía I, Tong HY, Díaz L, Guerra P, Frías J, Carcás Sansuan AJ, Borobia AM. Correction to: Pharmacometabolomics applied to zonisamide pharmacokinetic parameter prediction. Metabolomics 2018; 14:87. [PMID: 30834989 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article contains a mistake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Martínez-Ávila
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A García Bartolomé
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I García
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Dapía
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hoi Y Tong
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Díaz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Guerra
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Frías
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A J Carcás Sansuan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A M Borobia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Ávila JC, García Bartolomé A, García I, Dapía I, Tong HY, Díaz L, Guerra P, Frías J, Carcás Sansuan AJ, Borobia AM. Pharmacometabolomics applied to zonisamide pharmacokinetic parameter prediction. Metabolomics 2018; 14:70. [PMID: 30830352 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zonisamide is a new-generation anticonvulsant antiepileptic drug metabolized primarily in the liver, with subsequent elimination via the renal route. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to evaluate the utility of pharmacometabolomics in the detection of zonisamide metabolites that could be related to its disposition and therefore, to its efficacy and toxicity. METHODS This study was nested to a bioequivalence clinical trial with 28 healthy volunteers. Each participant received a single dose of zonisamide on two separate occasions (period 1 and period 2), with a washout period between them. Blood samples of zonisamide were obtained from all patients at baseline for each period, before volunteers were administered any medication, for metabolomics analysis. RESULTS After a Lasso regression was applied, age, height, branched-chain amino acids, steroids, triacylglycerols, diacyl glycerophosphoethanolamine, glycerophospholipids susceptible to methylation, phosphatidylcholines with 20:4 FA (arachidonic acid) and cholesterol ester and lysophosphatidylcholine were obtained in both periods. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the only research study to date that has attempted to link basal metabolomic status with pharmacokinetic parameters of zonisamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Martínez-Ávila
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A García Bartolomé
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I García
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Dapía
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hoi Y Tong
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Díaz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Guerra
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Frías
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A J Carcás Sansuan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A M Borobia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, School of Medicine, IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Guerra P, Colombo L, Maira G, Pagliaini R, Terzi A, Pizzocaro C, Dottorini ME, Lomuscio G, Bestagno M. Therapeutic Possibilities of 131I-Mibg in Metastatic Carcinoid Tumors - Preliminary Report. Tumori 2018; 76:484-7. [PMID: 2256196 DOI: 10.1177/030089169007600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The poor results of traditional therapy in advanced carcinoid tumors and the well-proven uptake of 131I-MIBG shown by some of these tumors induced us to attempt a radiometabolic approach. We selected for the treatment 5 patients (3 men and 2 women) who showed progression of disease, a fairly good uptake of 131l-MIBG with severe related symptoms, and a poor response to traditional therapy. A cumulative radioactivity of 5.5-29.6 GBq was given. Acute side effects after 131l-MIBG ad ministration or late radiation-induced damages were not observed. Symptoms increased during the first 2-4 weeks in 2 patients: in one of these relief was achieved with drugs. Results concerning objective remission of the disease were unsatisfactory. In contrast, definite improvement of symptoms was shown in 2 of 5 patients, resulting in a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guerra
- Servizio Medicina Nucleare, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Lachos-Perez D, Tompsett GA, Guerra P, Timko MT, Rostagno MA, Martínez J, Forster-Carneiro T. Sugars and char formation on subcritical water hydrolysis of sugarcane straw. Bioresour Technol 2017; 243:1069-1077. [PMID: 28764113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcritical water has potential as an environmentally friendly solvent for applications including hydrolysis, liquefaction, extraction, and carbonization. Here, we report hydrolysis of sugarcane straw, an abundant byproduct of sugar production, in a semi-continuous reactor at reaction temperatures ranging from 190 to 260°C and at operating pressures of 9 and 16MPa. The target hydrolysis products were total reducing sugars. The main products of sugarcane straw hydrolysis were glucose, xylose, arabinose, and galactose in addition to 5- hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as minor byproducts. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis provided additional information on the surface and bulk composition of the residual biomass. Char was present on samples treated at temperatures equal to and greater than 190°C. Samples treated at 260°C contained approximately 20wt% char, yet retained substantial hemicellulose and cellulose content. Hydrolysis temperature of 200°C provided the greatest TRS yield while minimizing char formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lachos-Perez
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, n. 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - G A Tompsett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Goddard Hall 123, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - P Guerra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Goddard Hall 123, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - M T Timko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Goddard Hall 123, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - M A Rostagno
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Julian Martínez
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, n. 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - T Forster-Carneiro
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, n. 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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García-Vázquez V, Marinetto E, Guerra P, Valdivieso-Casique MF, Calvo FÁ, Alvarado-Vásquez E, Sole CV, Vosburgh KG, Desco M, Pascau J. Assessment of intraoperative 3D imaging alternatives for IOERT dose estimation. Z Med Phys 2017; 27:218-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Audoubert M, Ostiguy G, Nguyen DH, Plante M, Dubuc M, Guerra P, Khairy P, Macle L, Mondesert B, Rivard L, Talajic M, Thibault B, Roy D, Dyrda K. P1504Resistance of the medtronic micra leadless pacemaker to 60 hz electrical fields. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux158.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Bessiere F, Dubuc M, Andrade J, Shohoudi A, Sirois M, Mondesert B, Dyrda K, Rivard L, Macle L, Guerra P, Thibault B, Talajic M, Roy D, Khairy P. P250Focal transcatheter cryoablation: is a four-minute application still required? Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux171.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Luque-Casado A, Perakakis P, Hillman CH, Kao SC, Llorens F, Guerra P, Sanabria D. Differences in Sustained Attention Capacity as a Function of Aerobic Fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:887-95. [PMID: 26694844 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the relationship between aerobic fitness and sustained attention capacity by comparing task performance and brain function, by means of event-related potentials (ERP), in high- and low-fit young adults. METHODS Two groups of participants (22 higher-fit and 20 lower-fit) completed a 60-min version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Behavioral (i.e., reaction time) and electrophysiological (ERP) (i.e., contingent negative variation and P3) were obtained and analyzed as a function of time-on-task. A submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness test confirmed the between-groups difference in terms of aerobic fitness. RESULTS The results revealed shorter reaction time in higher-fit than in lower-fit participants in the first 36 min of the task. This was accompanied by larger contingent negative variation amplitude in the same period of the task in higher-fit than in lower-fit group. Crucially, higher-fit participants maintained larger P3 amplitude throughout the task compared to lower-fit, who showed a reduction in the P3 magnitude over time. CONCLUSIONS Higher fitness was related to neuroelectric activity suggestive of better overall sustained attention demonstrating a better ability to allocate attentional resources over time. Moreover, higher fitness was related to enhanced response preparation in the first part of the task. Taken together, the current data set demonstrated a positive association between aerobic fitness, sustained attention, and response preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luque-Casado
- 1Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN; 2Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN; 3Department of Physical Education & Sport, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN; 4Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN; 5Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL; 6Department of Physical Activity & Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, SPAIN; and 7Universidad Internacional Valenciana (VIU), Valencia, SPAIN
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Carmen Fernández-Santaella M, Delgado R, Miccoli L, Guerra P, Gervilla C, Sánchez-Adam A, Rodríguez-Ruiz S, David IA, Vila J. Peripheral physiological correlates of preferred food cues processing in bulimic women. Int J Psychophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Audoubert M, Ostiguy G, Nguyen D, Plante M, Dubuc M, Guerra P, Khairy P, Macle L, Mondesert B, Rivard L, Talajic M, Thibault B, Roy D, Dyrda K. RESISTANCE OF THE SUBCUTANEOUS INTERNAL CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR TO 60 HZ ELECTRIC FIELDS. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Rhodes D, Cheng AC, McLellan S, Guerra P, Karanfilovska D, Aitchison S, Watson K, Bass P, Worth LJ. Reducing Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections associated with peripheral intravenous cannulae: successful implementation of a care bundle at a large Australian health service. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:86-91. [PMID: 27346623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (HA-SAB) results in morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs, and these infections are frequently regarded as preventable. AIM To implement a multi-modal prevention programme for improved processes regarding peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) insertion and maintenance, in order to reduce PIVC-associated HA-SAB events in a large Australian health service. METHODS Baseline clinical practice was evaluated for a 12-month pre-intervention period. Measures to reduce HA-SAB risk were introduced between January and September 2013: staff education, improved documentation (including phlebitis scoring), and availability of standardized equipment. Post-intervention auditing was performed during the 27 months following intervention. Baseline and post-intervention HA-SAB and PIVC-associated infection rates were compared. Interrupted time-series and Bayesian change-point analyses were applied to determine the impact of interventions and timing of change. FINDINGS Significantly improved documentation regarding PIVC insertion and management was observed in the post-intervention period, with fewer PIVCs left in situ for ≥4 days (2.6 vs 6.9%, P<0.05). During the baseline period a total of 68 HA-SAB events occurred [1.01/10,000 occupied bed-days (OBDs)] and 24 were PIVC-associated (35% of total, rate 0.39 per 10,000 OBDs). In the post-intervention period, a total of 83 HA-SAB events occurred (0.99 per 10,000 OBDs) and 12 were PIVC-associated (14.4% of total, rate 0.14 per 10,000 OBDs). PIVC-associated SAB rates were 63% lower in the post-intervention period compared to baseline (P=0.018) with a change point observed following full bundle implementation in October 2013. CONCLUSION A successful multi-modal hospital-wide campaign was introduced to reduce PIVC-associated SAB rates. Evaluation of cost-effectiveness and sustainability is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rhodes
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S McLellan
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Guerra
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D Karanfilovska
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Aitchison
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Watson
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Bass
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L J Worth
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Ibáñez P, Vidal M, Guerra P, Udías J. PV-0561: Validation of an optimised MC dose prediction for low energy X-rays intraoperative radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Viada C, Fors M, Neninger E, Alfonso S, Santiesteban E, Mendoza I, Guerra P, García E, Pérez L, Macías A, Hernández M, Vázquez AM. Security 1E10 anti-idiotypic vaccine in patients with tumors of different locations. RB 2016. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2016.01.01.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Venier S, Andrade J, Dubuc M, Dyrda K, Guerra P, Khairy P, Mondésert B, Rivard L, Roy D, Talajic M, Thibault B, Malliet N, Gomes S, Tadros R, Macle L. CONTACT FORCE-GUIDED VERSUS CONTACT FORCE-BLINDED CATHETER ABLATION OF TYPICAL ATRIAL FLUTTER: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Troncoso M, Santander P, Quintana C, Muñoz D, Troncoso L, Guerra P, Hidalgo M, Díaz R, Flandez A, Barrios A. Central nervous system hypomyelination related to PLP1 defects: clinical and imaging description. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Venier S, Millette C, Khairy P, Andrade J, Dubuc M, Guerra P, Dyrda K, Macle L, Mondésert B, Rivard L, Roy D, Talajic M, Gomes S, Malliet N, Tadros R, Thibault B. DEFIBRILLATION TESTING FOR RIGHT SIDED IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS (ICD). Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Santander P, Troncoso M, Mateluna C, Barrios A, Guerra P, Flandes A, Troncoso L, Millan F. Clinical and genetic manifestations of chilean patients with DNA mitochondrial disease. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hernandez M, Neninger E, Santiesteban E, Ortiz R, Amador R, Bello L, Acosta S, Flores Y, Cala M, Martínez O, Calana A, Pichs G, Robaina M, Sánchez L, Viada C, Valdez A, Mendoza I, Guerra P, Crombet T. 536 RANIDO trial: Racotumomab-alum vaccine, Nimotuzumab or Docetaxel as switch maintenance therapy for advanced NSCLC. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Duque B, Borobia A, Lubomirov R, Ramirez E, Guerra P, Medrano N, Tong H, Carcas A, Frías J. Uam Course on Good Clinical Practice (Gcps) for Investigators: A 3 Years Experience. Clin Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Duque B, Borobia A, Lubomirov R, Ramirez E, Guerra P, Medrano N, Tong H, Carcas A, Frías J. Screening and Recruitment Procedures of Healthy Volunteers In A Phase I Clinical Trial Unit: Experience In 64 Bioequivalence Studies. Clin Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Ibáñez P, Vidal M, García-Marcos R, Guerra P, Udías J. PD-0571: New genetic algorithm-based procedure to determine phase space for intraoperative radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vargas M, Cabezali J, Espinosa N, Barrullas S, Diaz C, Guerra P, Coral A, Arroyo E, Suriñach F, Rosás V. EP-1618: Study of the capacity to keep the treatment position during radiotherapy in palliative patients. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guerra P, Kim M, Teslic S, Alaee M, Smyth SA. Bisphenol-A removal in various wastewater treatment processes: operational conditions, mass balance, and optimization. J Environ Manage 2015; 152:192-200. [PMID: 25684568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) was analyzed in 499 liquid and 347 solid samples collected from twenty-five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to investigate parameters affecting BPA occurrence, removal, and fate. Lagoons, chemically-assisted primary treatment, secondary treatment, and advanced treatment processes were included. Median BPA concentrations in influent and final effluent were 400 ng/L and 150 ng/L, respectively. Median removal efficiencies ranged from 1 to 77%. Respective median BPA levels in primary sludge, secondary biological sludge, and biosolids were 230, 260, and 460 ng/g with digested biosolids having the highest concentrations. The biological aerated filter and membrane bioreactor processes showed the best performance, while chemically-assisted primary treatment achieved the lowest removal. Biodegradation and sorption contributing to BPA removal were influenced by operational conditions: hydraulic retention time (HRT), solids retention time (SRT), and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). The influence of HRT, SRT, and MLSS in the bioreactor was stronger during cold temperatures. In order to achieve above 80% removal, the required conditions for HRT, SRT, and MLSS were 13 h, 7 days, and 1600 mg/L during summer (median temperature 19 °C) and 13 h, 17 days, and 5300 mg/L during winter (median temperature 10 °C); indicating that longer SRT and higher MLSS were needed during winter. BPA's sorption tendency to sludge was strongly influenced by the degree of nitrification and HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guerra
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Kim
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Teslic
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Alaee
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada
| | - S A Smyth
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada.
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Gantiva C, Guerra P, Vila J. From appetitive to aversive: motivational interviewing reverses the modulation of the startle reflex by tobacco cues in smokers not ready to quit. Behav Res Ther 2015; 66:43-8. [PMID: 25698163 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a treatment method that has proven effective for increasing motivation to change and decreasing the consumption of different drugs. However, the results of studies examining the impact of MI on tobacco consumption are contradictory. Moreover, evidence of the effectiveness of MI for modifying well-validated psychophysiological indices of motivational change is still lacking. The aim of the present study was to use the startle probe paradigm and self-report measures of motivational change to assess the effectiveness of MI, compared to Prescriptive Advice (PA) and no treatment, in a sample of 53 smokers (28 male) who were not ready to quit smoking. After the intervention, the MI group reported increased motivation to change compared to both the PA and control groups. MI participants also had a potentiated startle reflex in response to tobacco-related pictures compared to the other two groups. These findings provide evidence that MI reverses the underlying motivational system activated by tobacco related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gantiva
- University of San Buenaventura, Bogotá, Colombia; University of Granada, Spain
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Herranz E, Herraiz JL, Ibáñez P, Pérez-Liva M, Puebla R, Cal-González J, Guerra P, Rodríguez R, Illana C, Udías JM. Phase space determination from measured dose data for intraoperative electron radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:375-401. [PMID: 25503853 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/1/375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A procedure to characterize beams of a medical linear accelerator for their use in Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations for intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) is presented. The procedure relies on dose measurements in homogeneous media as input, avoiding the need for detailed simulations of the accelerator head. An iterative algorithm (EM-ML) has been employed to extract the relevant details of the phase space (PHSP) of the particles coming from the accelerator, such as energy spectra, spatial distribution and angle of emission of particles. The algorithm can use pre-computed dose volumes in water and/or air, so that the machine-specific tuning with actual data can be performed in a few minutes. To test the procedure, MC simulations of a linear accelerator with typical IOERT applicators and energies, have been performed and taken as reference. A solution PHSP derived from the dose produced by the simulated accelerator has been compared to the reference PHSP. Further, dose delivered by the simulated accelerator for setups not included in the fit of the PHSP were compared to the ones derived from the solution PHSP. The results show that it is possible to derive from dose measurements PHSP accurate for IOERT MC dose estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Herranz
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, Dpto. Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid E-28040, Spain
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Herranz E, Herraiz JL, Ibáñez P, Pérez-Liva M, Puebla R, Cal-González J, Guerra P, Rodríguez R, Illana C, Udías JM. Phase space determination from measured dose data for intraoperative electron radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2014. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/1/375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Miccoli L, Delgado R, Rodríguez-Ruiz S, Guerra P, García-Mármol E, Fernández-Santaella MC. Meet OLAF, a good friend of the IAPS! The Open Library of Affective Foods: a tool to investigate the emotional impact of food in adolescents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114515. [PMID: 25490404 PMCID: PMC4260831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, food pictures have been repeatedly employed to investigate the emotional impact of food on healthy participants as well as individuals who suffer from eating disorders and obesity. However, despite their widespread use, food pictures are typically selected according to each researcher's personal criteria, which make it difficult to reliably select food images and to compare results across different studies and laboratories. Therefore, to study affective reactions to food, it becomes pivotal to identify the emotional impact of specific food images based on wider samples of individuals. In the present paper we introduce the Open Library of Affective Foods (OLAF), which is a set of original food pictures created to reliably select food pictures based on the emotions they prompt, as indicated by affective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance and by an additional food craving scale. OLAF images were designed to allow simultaneous use with affective images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which is a well-known instrument to investigate emotional reactions in the laboratory. The ultimate goal of the OLAF is to contribute to understanding how food is emotionally processed in healthy individuals and in patients who suffer from eating and weight-related disorders. The present normative data, which was based on a large sample of an adolescent population, indicate that when viewing affective non-food IAPS images, valence, arousal, and dominance ratings were in line with expected patterns based on previous emotion research. Moreover, when viewing food pictures, affective and food craving ratings were consistent with research on food cue processing. As a whole, the data supported the methodological and theoretical reliability of the OLAF ratings, therefore providing researchers with a standardized tool to reliably investigate the emotional and motivational significance of food. The OLAF database is publicly available at zenodo.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miccoli
- Department of Personality, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Department of Personality, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Guerra
- Department of Personality, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Guerra P, Udías JM, Herranz E, Santos-Miranda JA, Herraiz JL, Valdivieso MF, Rodríguez R, Calama JA, Pascau J, Calvo FA, Illana C, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Santos A. Feasibility assessment of the interactive use of a Monte Carlo algorithm in treatment planning for intraoperative electron radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:7159-79. [PMID: 25365625 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/23/7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work analysed the feasibility of using a fast, customized Monte Carlo (MC) method to perform accurate computation of dose distributions during pre- and intraplanning of intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) procedures. The MC method that was implemented, which has been integrated into a specific innovative simulation and planning tool, is able to simulate the fate of thousands of particles per second, and it was the aim of this work to determine the level of interactivity that could be achieved. The planning workflow enabled calibration of the imaging and treatment equipment, as well as manipulation of the surgical frame and insertion of the protection shields around the organs at risk and other beam modifiers. In this way, the multidisciplinary team involved in IOERT has all the tools necessary to perform complex MC dosage simulations adapted to their equipment in an efficient and transparent way. To assess the accuracy and reliability of this MC technique, dose distributions for a monoenergetic source were compared with those obtained using a general-purpose software package used widely in medical physics applications. Once accuracy of the underlying simulator was confirmed, a clinical accelerator was modelled and experimental measurements in water were conducted. A comparison was made with the output from the simulator to identify the conditions under which accurate dose estimations could be obtained in less than 3 min, which is the threshold imposed to allow for interactive use of the tool in treatment planning. Finally, a clinically relevant scenario, namely early-stage breast cancer treatment, was simulated with pre- and intraoperative volumes to verify that it was feasible to use the MC tool intraoperatively and to adjust dose delivery based on the simulation output, without compromising accuracy. The workflow provided a satisfactory model of the treatment head and the imaging system, enabling proper configuration of the treatment planning system and providing good accuracy in the dosage simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Guerra
- Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Kim M, Guerra P, Alaee M, Smyth SA. Occurrence and fate of four novel brominated flame retardants in wastewater treatment plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:13394-13404. [PMID: 24999183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), i.e., decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and hexabromobenzene (HBB) were studied in 377 liquid samples and 288 solid samples collected from 20 wastewater treatment plants. Lagoon, primary, secondary, and advanced treatment processes were included, in order to investigate NBFR occurrence and the effects of WWTP operational conditions on NBFR removal. Median influent and effluent levels were 14 to 3,700 and 1.0 to 180 pg/L respectively, with DBDPE being the highest in both. Overall median removal efficiencies for DBDPE, BTBPE, HBB, and PBEB across all process types were 81 to 93, 76 to 98, 61 to 97, and 54 to 97 %, respectively with advanced treatment processes obtaining the best removals. NBFRs removal was related to retention time, surface loading rate, and biomass concentration. Median NBFR levels in treated biosolids were 80 to 32,000 pg/g, influenced by solids treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, Canada, L7R 4A6
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48
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Guerra P, Udías JM, Herranz E, Santos-Miranda JA, Herraiz JL, Valdivieso MF, Rodríguez R, Calama JA, Pascau J, Calvo FA, Illana C, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Santos A. Feasibility assessment of the interactive use of a Monte Carlo algorithm in treatment planning for intraoperative electron radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2014. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/59/23/7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gantiva C, Guerra P, Vila J. MODULACIÓN DEL REFLEJO DE SOBRESALTO EN POBLACIÓN COLOMBIANA: EVIDENCIA DE LA INTERACCIÓN ENTRE EMOCIÓN Y MOTIVACIÓN. Univ Psychol 2014. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy14-1.mrsp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprobar el fenómeno de priming motivacional observado a través de la modulación del reflejo de sobresalto en población colombiana, participaron 73 personas las cuales fueron expuestas a 21 imágenes del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas y a un estímulo sonoro de sobresalto. Se midió la electromiografía del músculo orbicular del ojo para evaluar la magnitud del reflejo de sobresalto. Los resultados muestran que la valencia de las imágenes modula la magnitud del reflejo de sobresalto independiente del sexo de los participantes. Se concluye que el fenómeno de priming motivacional se presenta también en población colombiana y que esta metodología puede ser utilizada de forma confiable y objetiva en esta población.
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Dyrda K, Ostiguy G, Plante M, Goulet D, Andrade J, Dubuc M, Guerra P, Khairy P, Macle L, Rivard L, Roy D, Talajic M, Thibault B. Results FROM THE PACEMAKER AND DEFIBRILLATOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE REGISTRY (P-DIEM). Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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