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Davies K, Ng WF. Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702505. [PMID: 34381453 PMCID: PMC8350514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease which primarily affects the exocrine glands, but can also affect other organs, including the nervous system. Many studies have reported evidence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in pSS which may contribute to a wide range of symptoms and functional burden. Symptoms of ANS dysfunction are common and widespread among patients with pSS and are associated with other features of the disease, particularly fatigue. Accumulating data on the inter-relationship between the ANS and the immune system via the vagus nerve have been reported. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has also been associated with improvement in fatigue in patients with pSS. Taken together, these data suggest that the ANS may be a potential treatment target for pSS, in particularly those with fatigue being a predominant symptom. Future research to dissect the link between the ANS, immune dysregulation and clinical manifestations in pSS and to evaluate the potential of VNS as a therapy for pSS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Davies
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Parameters of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Patients with Primary Sjӧgren's Syndrome: Preliminary Results. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8174340. [PMID: 29850640 PMCID: PMC5907518 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8174340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The aim of the study was to establish whether in patients with pSS without central nervous system (CNS) involvement, the function of the central portion of the sensory pathway can be challenged. In 33 patients with pSS without clinical features of CNS damage and normal head computed tomography scan, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were studied. The results were compared to other clinical parameters of the disease, particularly to immunological status. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. Mean latency of all components of SEP was considerably prolonged in patients compared to the control group. Mean interpeak latency N20-N13 (duration of central conduction TT) did not differ significantly between the groups. However, in the study group, mean amplitude of N20P22 and N13P16 was significantly higher compared to healthy individuals. In patients with pSS, significant differences in SEP parameters depending on the duration of the disease and presence of SSA and SSB antibodies were noted. The authors confirmed CNS involvement often observed in patients with pSS. They also showed dysfunction of the central sensory neuron as a difference in the amplitude of cortical response, which indicates subclinical damage to the CNS.
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A novel cell-based assay for inhibitory anti-muscarinic type 3 receptor antibodies in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. J Immunol Methods 2015; 427:117-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reina S, Rodríguez M, Stranieri G, Borda E. Action of anti-M₃muscarinic acetylcholine receptor IgG of primary Sjögren's syndrome on the enzymatic antioxidant system in rat submandibular gland. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44:876-83. [PMID: 25726719 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We demonstrate that serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against glandular M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M₃mAChR) and pilocarpine triggers the increment of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂). METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed in the presence of the human M₂mAChR synthetic peptide as antigen to detect in serum of pSS patients the autoantibodies. Further, SOD and CAT specific activity and NO were determined chemically in the presence of anti-M₃mAChR IgG and pilocarpine. The level of PGE₂generation in the presence of autoantibody and pilocarpine was determined by ELISA. RESULTS An association between anti-M₂mAChR autoantibodies and pilocarpine given the increment of the specific activity of SOD and CAT in the serum of pSS patients and in the rat submandibular gland was observed. As a result of this action, M₃synthetic peptide and atropine abrogated the stimulatory action. The L-type calcium channel, calcium/calmodulin complex and COX-2 inhibitors selectively blocked the increment of the specific activity of SOD and CAT in the rat submandibular gland. An increased production of NO and PGE₂by the cholinergic autoantibody and pilocarpine was also detected. CONCLUSION On the basis of these results, the increment of the specific activity of SOD and CAT in pSS patients as compared to control healthy individuals may be seen as a defensive reaction to the increment of the amount of ROS, which becoming uncontrollable, leads to irreversible cellular and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Reina
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Stranieri
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enri Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentina and National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is one of the most common autoimmune rheumatic diseases, clinically characterized by xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. We investigated the following controversial topics: (i) Do we have reliable ways of assessing saliva production? (ii) How important are the quantity and quality of saliva? (iii) Are only anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La relevant for the diagnosis of SjS? (iv) Are the American-European Consensus criteria (AECC) the best way to diagnose SjS? Results from literature searches suggested the following: (i) Despite the fact that numerous tests are available to assess salivation rates, direct comparisons among them are scarce with little evidence to suggest one best test. (ii) Recent developments highlight the importance of investigating the composition of saliva. However, more research is needed to standardize the methods of analysis and collection and refine the quality of the accumulating data. (iii) In addition to anti-Ro/La autoantibodies, anti α-fodrin IgA and anti-MR3 autoantibodies seem to be promising diagnostic markers of SjS, but more studies are warranted to test their sensitivity and specificity. (iv) AECC are classification, not diagnostic criteria. Moreover, recent innovations have not been incorporated into these criteria. Consequently, treatment directed to patients diagnosed using the AECC might exclude a significant proportion of patients with SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Aframian
- Salivary Gland Clinic and Saliva Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Yamamoto S, Ouchi Y, Nakatsuka D, Tahara T, Mizuno K, Tajima S, Onoe H, Yoshikawa E, Tsukada H, Iwase M, Yamaguti K, Kuratsune H, Watanabe Y. Reduction of [11C](+)3-MPB binding in brain of chronic fatigue syndrome with serum autoantibody against muscarinic cholinergic receptor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51515. [PMID: 23240035 PMCID: PMC3519853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous associations between brain-reactive antibodies and neurological or psychiatric symptoms have been proposed. Serum autoantibody against the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) was increased in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or psychiatric disease. We examined whether serum autoantibody against mAChR affected the central cholinergic system by measuring brain mAChR binding and acetylcholinesterase activity using positron emission tomography (PET) in CFS patients with positive [CFS(+)] and negative [CFS(−)] autoantibodies. Methodology Five CFS(+) and six CFS(−) patients, as well as 11 normal control subjects underwent a series of PET measurements with N-[11C]methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate [11C](+)3-MPB for the mAChR binding and N-[11C]methyl-4-piperidyl acetate [11C]MP4A for acetylcholinesterase activity. Cognitive function of all subjects was assessed by neuropsychological tests. Although the brain [11C](+)3-MPB binding in CFS(−) patients did not differ from normal controls, CFS(+) patients showed significantly lower [11C](+)3-MPB binding than CFS(−) patients and normal controls. In contrast, the [11C]MP4A index showed no significant differences among these three groups. Neuropsychological measures were similar among groups. Conclusion The present results demonstrate that serum autoantibody against the mAChR can affect the brain mAChR without altering acetylcholinesterase activity and cognitive functions in CFS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Hamakita, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Molecular Imaging Frontier Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Daisaku Nakatsuka
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tahara
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science (CMIS), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kei Mizuno
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science (CMIS), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiki Tajima
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science (CMIS), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Etsuji Yoshikawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Hamakita, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Hamakita, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kouzi Yamaguti
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kuratsune
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science (CMIS), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ng WF, Stangroom A, Davidson A, Wilton K, Mitchell S, Newton J. Primary Sjogrens syndrome is associated with impaired autonomic response to orthostasis and sympathetic failure. QJM 2012; 105:1191-9. [PMID: 22976617 PMCID: PMC3508582 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms in keeping with autonomic dysfunction are commonly described by primary Sjögrens syndrome patients (pSS); whether objective abnormalities of autonomic function occur is unclear. This study set out to explore dynamic cardiovascular autonomic responses in pSS and their relationship with symptoms and quality of life. METHODS Twenty-one people from the UK pSS registry, 21 community controls and 21 patients with the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (matched case-wise for age and sex) attended for assessment of autonomic responses to orthostasis and Valsalva manoeuvre (VM). pSS patients also completed EULAR Sjögrens Syndrome patient-reported index (ESSPRI), EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI), fatigue impact scale and EURO-QOL 5-dimension (EQ-5D). RESULTS Compared with controls, pSS patients had significantly lower baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) (114 ± 13 vs. 127 ± 20; P = 0.02), which dropped to a significantly lower value (98 ± 22 vs. 119 ± 24, P = 0.009). When area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for when the SBP was below baseline this was significantly greater in pSS compared to both control groups (pSS vs. control vs. PBC: 153 ± 236 vs. 92 ± 85 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3, P = 0.005). Peak phase IV SBP during the VM was significantly lower in pSS (P = 0.007) indicating early sympathetic failure. Increased heart rate associated with fatigue (P = 0.02; r(2) = 0.2) and EQ-5D. A shift in sympathetic-vagal balance associated with overall symptom burden (ESSPRI) (P = 0.04, r(2) = 0.3) and EULAR sicca score (P = 0.016; r(2) = 0.3), the latter also correlated with baroreceptor effectiveness (P = 0.03; r(2) = 0.2) and diastolic blood pressure variability (P = 0.003; r(2) = 0.4). CONCLUSION pSS patients have impaired blood pressure response to standing. Dysautonomia correlates with PSS-associated symptoms and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.-F. Ng
- From the Institute of Cellular Medicine and Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A.J. Stangroom
- From the Institute of Cellular Medicine and Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A. Davidson
- From the Institute of Cellular Medicine and Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - K. Wilton
- From the Institute of Cellular Medicine and Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S. Mitchell
- From the Institute of Cellular Medicine and Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J.L. Newton
- From the Institute of Cellular Medicine and Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Water channel proteins in the inner ear and their link to hearing impairment and deafness. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:612-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Newton JL, Frith J, Powell D, Hackett K, Wilton K, Bowman S, Price E, Pease C, Andrews J, Emery P, Hunter J, Gupta M, Vadivelu S, Giles I, Isenberg D, Lanyon P, Jones A, Regan M, Cooper A, Moots R, Sutcliffe N, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, McLaren J, Young-Min S, Dasgupta B, Griffiths B, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Ng WF. Autonomic symptoms are common and are associated with overall symptom burden and disease activity in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:1973-9. [PMID: 22562982 PMCID: PMC3488764 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia) among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) and the relationships between dysautonomia and other clinical features of PSS. Methods Multicentre, prospective, cross-sectional study of a UK cohort of 317 patients with clinically well-characterised PSS. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction were assessed using a validated instrument, the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS). The data were compared with an age- and sex-matched cohort of 317 community controls. The relationships between symptoms of dysautonomia and various clinical features of PSS were analysed using regression analysis. Results COMPASS scores were significantly higher in patients with PSS than in age- and sex-matched community controls (median (IQR) 35.5 (20.9–46.0) vs 14.8 (4.4–30.2), p<0.0001). Nearly 55% of patients (vs 20% of community controls, p<0.0001) had a COMPASS score >32.5, a cut-off value indicative of autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, the COMPASS total score correlated independently with EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (a composite measure of the overall burden of symptoms experienced by patients with PSS) (β=0.38, p<0.001) and disease activity measured using the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (β=0.13, p<0.009). Conclusions Autonomic symptoms are common among patients with PSS and may contribute to the overall burden of symptoms and link with systemic disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Newton
- Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Frith
- Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Danielle Powell
- Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kate Hackett
- Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katharine Wilton
- Institute of Ageing and Health and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Bowman
- Rheumatology department, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Price
- Rheumatology department, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Colin Pease
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jacqueline Andrews
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John Hunter
- Rheumatology department, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Monica Gupta
- Rheumatology department, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ian Giles
- Rheumatology department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Isenberg
- Rheumatology department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter Lanyon
- Rheumatology department, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adrian Jones
- Rheumatology department, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marian Regan
- Rheumatology department, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Annie Cooper
- Rheumatology department, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK
| | - Robert Moots
- Rheumatology department, Aintree University Hospitals, UK
| | - Nurhan Sutcliffe
- Rheumatology department, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Rheumatology department, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
- Rheumatology department, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Rheumatology department, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
- Rheumatology department, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - John McLaren
- Rheumatology department, NHS Fife, Whyteman's Brae Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - Steven Young-Min
- Rheumatology department, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Bhaskar Dasgupta
- Rheumatology department, Southend University Hospital, Southend, UK
| | - Bridget Griffiths
- Rheumatology department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dennis Lendrem
- Rheumatology department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sheryl Mitchell
- Rheumatology department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Reina S, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Anti-M(3) peptide IgG from Sjögren's syndrome triggers apoptosis in A253 cells. Cell Immunol 2012; 275:33-41. [PMID: 22513175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that targets salivary and lachrymal glands, characterized by anti-cholinergic autoantibodies directed against the M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). The aim of this work was to evaluate if cholinergic autoantibodies contained in IgG purified from Sjögren sera could trigger apoptosis of A253 cell line. We also determined if caspase-3 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) are involved in the induction of A253 cell death. Our results demonstrated that anti-cholinergic autoantibodies stimulate apoptosis and inositol phosphate (InsP) accumulation accompanied by caspase-3 activation and MMP-3 production. All of these effects were blunted by atropine and J104794, indicating that M(3) mAChRs are impacted by the anti-cholinergic autoantibodies. The intracellular pathway leading to autoantibody-induced biological effects involves phospholipase C (PLC), calcium/calmodulin (CaM) and extracellular calcium as demonstrated by treatment with U-73122, W-7, verapamil, BAPTA and BAPTA-AM, all of which blocked the effects of the anti-cholinergic autoantibodies. In conclusion, anti-cholinergic autoantibodies in IgG purified from pSS patient's sera mediates apoptosis of the A253 cell line in an InsP, caspase-3 and MMP-3 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Reina
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University and Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Reina S, Passafaro D, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Atorvastatin inhibits the inflammatory response caused by anti-M3 peptide IgG in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 20:267-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kapadia M, Sakic B. Autoimmune and inflammatory mechanisms of CNS damage. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:301-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Reina S, Sterin-Borda L, Passafaro D, Borda E. Anti-M(3) muscarinic cholinergic autoantibodies from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome trigger production of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) from the submandibular glands. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:413-20. [PMID: 21371688 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We demonstrated that serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), interacting with the second extracellular loop of human glandular M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M(3) mAChR), trigger the production of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed in the presence of M(3) mAChR synthetic peptide as antigen to detect in serum the autoantibodies. Further, MMP-3 and PGE(2) production were determined in the presence of anti-M(3) mAChR autoantibodies. RESULTS An association was observed between serum and anti-M(3) mAChR autoantibodies and serum levels of MMP-3 and PGE(2) in pSS patients. Thus, we established that serum anti-M(3) mAChR autoantibodies, MMP-3 and PGE(2) may be considered to be early markers of pSS associated with inflammation. Affinity-purified anti-M(3) mAChR peptide IgG from pSS patients, whilst stimulating salivary-gland M(3) mAChR, causes an increase in the level of MMP-3 and PGE(2) as a result of the activation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (but not COX-1). CONCLUSIONS These results provide a novel insight into the role that cholinoceptor antibodies play in the development of glandular inflammation. This is the first report showing that an antibody interacting with glandular mAChR can induce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (MMP-3/PGE(2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Reina
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Segal BM, Mueller BA. Cognitive disorders and brain MRI correlations in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: unlocking the secret of cognitive symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/ijr.10.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sterin-Borda L, Furlan C, Borda E. Autoantibodies to beta1-adrenoceptors in human chronic periodontitis induce overexpression of fibroblast CD40 and trigger prostaglandin E2 generation. J Periodontal Res 2008; 44:330-7. [PMID: 18973525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Autoantibodies with the potential to bind and activate beta(1)-adrenoceptors (beta(1)-AR) of human gingival fibroblasts were studied to provide evidence of altered humoral immune response in chronic periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using cell culture-adherent gingival fibroblasts and/or their purified membranes and/or a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human beta(1)-AR were used to detect serum antibodies. The effects of antibodies from chronic periodontal disease patients on PGE(2) generation and CD40 expression were also tested. RESULTS Circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) from chronic periodontal disease patients (but not from normal individuals) interacted with the fibroblast surface, activating beta(1)-AR. Atenolol or CGP 20712 (beta 1-AR antagonists) and beta(1) synthetic peptide inhibited the interaction of IgG with beta(1)-AR. Immunoglobulin G from chronic periodontal disease patients also displayed agonist-like activity associated with specific beta(1)-AR activation, increasing PGE(2) generation and CD40 overexpression. The corresponding affinity-purified anti-beta(1)-AR peptide IgG mimicked these effects. Both effects were prevented by inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. CONCLUSION This article supports the participation of humoral immune alterations in chronic periodontal disease resulting in postsynaptic functional deregulation. Overproduction of proinflammatory mediators (PGE(2) and CD40 expression) is induced as a consequence of antibody-beta(1)-AR interaction. The PGE(2)-CD40-IgG axis may play a part in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process in chronic periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sterin-Borda
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Evidence that anti-muscarinic antibodies in Sjögren's syndrome recognise both M3R and M1R. Biologicals 2008; 36:213-22. [PMID: 18249005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory anti-muscarinic receptor type 3 (M3R) antibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and putative anti-M3R blocking antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been suggested as a rationale for treatment with IVIg. We investigated the presence of subtype-specific anti-MR autoantibodies in healthy donor and SS sera using MR-transfected whole-cell binding assays as well as M1R and M3R peptide ELISAs. Control antibodies against the second extracellular loop of the M3R, a suggested target epitope, were induced in rabbits and found to be cross-reactive on the peptides M3R and M1R. The rabbit antibodies had neither an agonistic nor an antagonistic effect on M3R-dependent ERK1/2 signalling. Only one primary SS (out of 5 primary SS, 2 secondary SS and 5 control sera) reacted strongly with M3R transfected cells. The same SS serum also reacted strongly with M1R and M2R transfectants, as well as M1R and two different M3R peptides. Strong binding to M1R and low-level activities against M3R peptides were observed both in SS and control sera. IVIg showed a strong reactivity against all three peptides, especially M1R. Our results indicate that certain SS individuals may have antibodies against M1R, M2R and M3R. Our results also suggest that neither the linear M3R peptide nor M3R transfectants represent suitable tools for discrimination of pathogenic from natural autoantibodies in SS.
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Orman B, Sterin-Borda L, De Couto Pita A, Reina S, Borda E. Anti-brain cholinergic auto antibodies from primary Sjögren syndrome sera modify simultaneously cerebral nitric oxide and prostaglandin biosynthesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1535-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Takamori M, Motomura M, Fukudome T, Yoshikawa H. Autoantibodies against M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in myasthenic disorders. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:1230-5. [PMID: 17764462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), often associated with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), is a disorder of acetylcholine (ACh) release from motor nerve terminals. In most patients, it is caused by autoantibodies against the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) that trigger ACh release. However, these antibodies are not detected in approximately 15% of clinically and electrophysiologically typical cases. The M1-type pre-synaptic muscarinic ACh receptor (M1 mAChR) modulates cholinergic neuromuscular transmission by linking to P/Q-type VGCC, and may partially compensate for the reduced calcium entry. Immunoblotting against solubilized human M1 mAChR, we detected autoantibodies in: (a) 14 of 20 (70%) anti-VGCC-positive LEMS patients; (b) all five anti-VGCC-negative LEMS patients, one of whose serum had previously passively transferred LEMS-type electrophysiological defects to mice; (c) all five LEMS patients with autonomic symptoms; (d) seven of 25 (28%) myasthenia gravis (MG) patients in whom increased ACh release partially compensates for post-synaptic defects; (e) none of 10 SCLC patients without LEMS. Although not proving primary pathogenicity of anti-M1 mAChR antibodies, the present results highlight their potential to affect synaptic compensatory mechanisms, more in LEMS than MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takamori
- Neurological Center, Kanazawa-Nishi Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Ganzinelli S, Borda T, Sterin-Borda L. Regulation of m1 muscarinic receptors and nNOS mRNA levels by autoantibodies from schizophrenic patients. Neuropharmacology 2006; 50:362-71. [PMID: 16289249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate that, circulating antibodies from schizophrenic patients interacting with cerebral M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 mAChRs), can act as an inducer of m1 mAChR-mRNA, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA gene expression of rat frontal cortex. The different signaling pathways involved in the autoantibody's actions, were characterized. As previously reported serum autoantibodies from schizophrenic patients reacted against neural cells surface inhibiting the binding of the specific mAChR radioligand to rat cerebral frontal cortex membrane. Moreover, by ELISA using M1 synthetic peptide (with identical aminoacid sequence to human M1 mAChR) as coating antigen we demonstrated the reactivity against the second extracellular loop of human cerebral M1 mAChR. The corresponding affinity-purified anti M1 peptide IgG (anti M1 peptide IgG) from schizophrenic patients by stimulation of M1 mAChR exerted an increase in m1 mAChR-mRNA and nNOS-mRNA levels, that significantly correlated with the accumulation of phosphoinositides (IPs) and activation of NOS (alpha = 0.05). All these effects were blunted by pirenzepine and mimicked the action of the authentic agonist. Concurrent analysis of the effects of nNOS, phospholipase C (PLC) and calcium/calmodulin (CaM) inhibition on both, m1 mAChR-mRNA and nNOS-mRNA levels, showing that antibody up-regulation mRNA level is under the control of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) signaling system. On the basis of our results, the activation of M1 mAChR by schizophrenic autoantibody appears to induce nNOS-mRNA expression and reciprocally, the activation of NOS up-regulates m1 mAChR gene expression. These results gave support to the participation of an autoimmune process in a particular group of chronic schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ganzinelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 4 B, 1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Takada K, Suzuki K, Okada M, Nakashima M, Ohsuzu F. Salivary production rates fall with age in subjects having anti-centromere, anti-Ro, and/or anti-La antibodies. Scand J Rheumatol 2006; 35:23-8. [PMID: 16467037 DOI: 10.1080/03009740500311788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the relationship between a subject's sicca-associated autoantibodies type and changes in salivary production rate (SPR) with age in subjects having any of these antibodies. METHODS One hundred and eighty-five subjects (female:male = 178:7), who had at least one of the three autoantibodies, anti-centromere (ACA), anti-Ro (SSA), and/or anti-La (SSB), and 65 healthy females were enrolled. The Saxon test was used to measure SPR. RESULTS SPRs in the seven male subjects were significantly higher than those in the 178 females tested. Therefore, only female subjects were used for the following analyses. Subjects were classified into substantially four groups according to their seropositivities for ACA, anti-Ro, and/or anti-La: group A, subjects having ACA alone; group B, subjects having anti-Ro alone; group E, subjects having anti-Ro and anti-La; group DFG, subjects having ACA with anti-Ro and/or anti-La. The frequency of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) was 74.0-94.1% in these groups. SPR did not decrease with age in normal female controls. By contrast, SPR decreased significantly with age in the groups having sicca-associated antibodies. The degree of SPR decrease compared between groups was: group A group [symbol: see text] B > group E [symbol: see text] group DFG. In the analysis of the subgroup having any of the sicca-associated antibodies but not fulfilling the classification criteria of SS, SPR also decreased with age. CONCLUSION SPR in subjects having any of the sicca-associated antibodies (ACA, anti-Ro, or anti-La) decreased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takada
- Internal Medicine I, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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Gannot G, Tangrea MA, Gillespie JW, Erickson HS, Wallis BS, Leakan RA, Knezevic V, Hartmann DP, Chuaqui RF, Emmert-Buck MR. Layered peptide arrays: high-throughput antibody screening of clinical samples. J Mol Diagn 2005; 7:427-36. [PMID: 16237212 PMCID: PMC1876163 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput methods to detect and quantify antibodies in sera and other patient specimens have use for many clinical and laboratory studies, including those associated with cancer detection, microbial exposures, and autoimmune diseases. We developed a new technique, termed layered peptide array (LPA), to serve as a screening tool to detect antibodies in a highly multiplexed format. We demonstrate here that a prototype LPA was capable of producing approximately 5000 measurements per experiment and appeared to be scalable to higher throughput levels. Sera and saliva from Sjögren's syndrome patients served as a test set to examine antibody titers in clinical samples. The LPA platform exhibited both a high sensitivity (100%) and high specificity (94%) for correctly identifying SSB antigen-positive samples. The multiplex capability of the platform was also confirmed when serum and saliva samples were analyzed for antibody reactivity to several peptides, including Sjögren's syndrome antigens A and B. The data indicate that LPA analysis will be a useful method for a number of screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gallya Gannot
- Pathogenetics Unit, Advanced Technology Center, Laboratory of Pathology and Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Bethesda, MD 20892-4605, USA
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Salmon A, Erb C, Meshorer E, Ginzberg D, Adani Y, Rabinovitz I, Amitai G, Soreq H. Muscarinic modulations of neuronal anticholinesterase responses. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 157-158:105-13. [PMID: 16289123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anticholinesterases (antiChEs) are increasingly used for treating patients with neurodegenerative diseases, but the dependence of their effects on the integrity of cholinergic functions has not yet been analyzed at the molecular level. Here, we report that manipulation of muscarinic neurotransmission confers drastic changes on antiChE responses in the rat brain. In the brains of naïve, un-stressed rats, the irreversible organophosphate antiChE, diisopropylfluorophosphonate (DFP) induced post-treatment accumulation of catalytically active G1 monomers of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Pre-treatment with the selective M1 muscarinic antagonist, pirenzepine, but not the general muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, attenuated this G1 increase. DFP-enhanced AChE gene expression was accompanied by diverted splicing from the primary AChE-S mRNA variant, encoding G4 synaptic membrane AChE-S tetramers, to "readthrough" AChE-R mRNA, which encodes soluble G1 monomers. Both the mRNA increase and the shifted splicing were long lasting (>24 h) and common to the parietal cortex and hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons. Importantly, the splicing shift was maximal under DFP alone, as compared with sham-injected rats, and virtually preventable by pre-treatment with pirenzepine. In contrast, induction of AChE transcription was less dependent on muscarinic function, resulting in AChE-S but not AChE-R increases. Our findings demonstrate distinct regulation of the enhanced transcription and the alternative splicing reactions to antiChE treatment and shed new light on the differential responses to antiChEs of demented patients with increasingly impaired cholinergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salmon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and The Eric Roland Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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