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Maiworm M. The relevance of BDNF for neuroprotection and neuroplasticity in multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1385042. [PMID: 39148705 PMCID: PMC11325594 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1385042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroplasticity as a mechanism to overcome central nervous system injury resulting from different neurological diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, deficiency of these repair mechanisms leads to the accumulation of neuronal damage and therefore long-term disability. To date, the mechanisms by which remyelination occurs and why the extent of remyelination differs interindividually between multiple sclerosis patients regardless of the disease course are unclear. A member of the neurotrophins family, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has received particular attention in this context as it is thought to play a central role in remyelination and thus neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and memory. Objective To analyse the current literature regarding BDNF in different areas of multiple sclerosis and to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge in this field. Conclusion To date, studies assessing the role of BDNF in patients with multiple sclerosis remain inconclusive. However, there is emerging evidence for a beneficial effect of BDNF in multiple sclerosis, as studies reporting positive effects on clinical as well as MRI characteristics outweighed studies assuming detrimental effects of BDNF. Furthermore, studies regarding the Val66Met polymorphism have not conclusively determined whether this is a protective or harmful factor in multiple sclerosis, but again most studies hypothesized a protective effect through modulation of BDNF secretion and anti-inflammatory effects with different effects in healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis, possibly due to the pro-inflammatory milieu in patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies with larger cohorts and longitudinal follow-ups are needed to improve our understanding of the effects of BDNF in the central nervous system, especially in the context of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Maiworm
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Daei Sorkhabi A, Komijani E, Sarkesh A, Ghaderi Shadbad P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Aghebati-Maleki L. Advances in immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: rationale and practice. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:321. [PMID: 37946301 PMCID: PMC10634124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the encouraging results and broad clinical applicability of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors in cancer therapy, ICP-based immunotherapies in the context of autoimmune disease, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS), have garnered considerable attention and hold great potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Given the well-established immunoregulatory role of ICPs in maintaining a balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signaling pathways to promote immune tolerance to self-antigens, a dysregulated expression pattern of ICPs has been observed in a significant proportion of patients with MS and its animal model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is associated with autoreactivity towards myelin and neurodegeneration. Consequently, there is a rationale for developing immunotherapeutic strategies to induce inhibitory ICPs while suppressing stimulatory ICPs, including engineering immune cells to overexpress ligands for inhibitory ICP receptors, such as program death-1 (PD-1), or designing fusion proteins, namely abatacept, to bind and inhibit the co-stimulatory pathways involved in overactivated T-cell mediated autoimmunity, and other strategies that will be discussed in-depth in the current review. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Daei Sorkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Komijani
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Ghaderi Shadbad
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Yalachkov Y, Anschütz V, Maiworm M, Jakob J, Schaller-Paule MA, Schäfer JH, Reiländer A, Friedauer L, Behrens M, Steffen F, Bittner S, Foerch C. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid BDNF concentrations are associated with neurological and cognitive improvement in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 71:104567. [PMID: 36805176 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of disease activity have been intensively studied in multiple sclerosis (MS) but knowledge on predictors of disability improvement is limited. The aim of this pilot study was to explore whether increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in serum and CSF (sBDNF/cBDNF) precede neurological and cognitive improvement in MS. METHODS In this pilot, monocentric prospective cohort study we collected serum/CSF samples at baseline together with EDSS (n = 36) and cognitive testing (n = 34) in patients with relapsing-remitting/primary progressive MS or clinically isolated syndrome. BDNF was assessed in serum and CSF with a single molecule array (SIMOA) HD-1 analyser (Quanterix). Twelve months later EDSS and cognitive testing were repeated. BDNF concentrations of patients with vs. without disability or cognitive improvement (disability improvement: decrease in EDSS ≥ 0.5; cognitive improvement: average z-score increase in neuropsychological performance ≥ 0.5) were compared using univariate ANOVAs adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Compared to subjects without, patients with disability improvement had higher sBDNF at baseline (q = 0.04). Subjects with cognitive improvement had higher cBDNF at baseline than those without cognitive improvement (q = 0.004). Secondary analysis demonstrated significant correlations between sBDNF and EDSS change (q = 0.036), cBDNF and average z-score change (q = 0.04) and cBDNF and number of cognitive tests with improvement (q = 0.04), while controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a possible role for BDNF in neurological and cognitive improvement in MS. These findings have to be confirmed in a larger sample but they already highlight the potential of BDNF as a biomarker for disability improvement and neuroplasticity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavor Yalachkov
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Victoria Anschütz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michelle Maiworm
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jasmin Jakob
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin A Schaller-Paule
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Schäfer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annemarie Reiländer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucie Friedauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marion Behrens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Falk Steffen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Foerch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neurology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
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Rajendran R, Rajendran V, Gupta L, Shirvanchi K, Schunin D, Karnati S, Giraldo-Velásquez M, Berghoff M. Interferon Beta-1a versus Combined Interferon Beta-1a and Oligodendrocyte-Specific FGFR1 Deletion in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012183. [PMID: 36293040 PMCID: PMC9603153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant beta interferons-1 (IFNβ-1) are used as first line therapies in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS. IFNβ-1a/b has moderate effects on the prevention of relapses and slowing of disease progression. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) are known to play a key role in the pathology of MS and its model EAE. To investigate the effects of short-term treatment with s.c. IFNβ-1a versus the combined application of s.c. IFNβ-1a and oligodendrocyte-specific deletion of FGFR1 (Fgfr1ind−/− mice) in MOG35-55-induced EAE. IFNβ-1a (30 mg/kg) was applied s.c. from days 0–7 p.i. of EAE in controls and Fgfr1ind−/− mice. FGFR signaling proteins associated with inflammation/degeneration in MS/EAE were analyzed by western blot in the spinal cord. Further, FGFR1 in Oli-neu oligodendrocytes were inhibited by PD166866 and treated with IFNβ-1a (400 ng/mL). Application of IFNβ-1a over 8 days resulted in less symptoms only at the peak of disease (days 9–11) compared to controls. Application of IFNβ-1a in Fgfr1ind−/− mice resulted in less symptoms primarily in the chronic phase of EAE. Fgfr1ind−/− mice treated with IFNβ-1a showed increased expression of pERK and BDNF. In Oli-neu oligodendrocytes, treatment with PD166866 and IFNβ-1a also showed an increased expression of pERK and BDNF/TrkB. These data suggest that the beneficial effects in the chronic phase of EAE and on signaling molecules associated with ERK and BDNF expression are caused by the modulation of FGFR1 and not by interferon beta-1a. FGFR may be a potential target for therapy in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Vinothkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liza Gupta
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kian Shirvanchi
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Darja Schunin
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Berghoff
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35385 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-98544306; Fax: +49-641-98545329
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CD40-CD40L in Neurological Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084115. [PMID: 35456932 PMCID: PMC9031401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-inflammatory conditions in the central nervous system (CNS) rely on molecular and cellular interactions which are homeostatically maintained to protect neural tissue from harm. The CD40–CD40L interaction upregulates key proinflammatory molecules, a function best understood in the context of infection, during which B-cells are activated via CD40 signaling to produce antibodies. However, the role of CD40 in neurological disease of non-infectious etiology is unclear. We review the role of CD40–CD40L in traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, stroke, epilepsy, nerve injury, multiple sclerosis, ALS, myasthenia gravis and brain tumors. We also highlight therapeutic advancements targeting the CD40 system to either attenuate the neuroinflammatory response or leverage the downstream effects of CD40 signaling for direct tumor cell lysis.
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Sağır F, Ersoy Tunalı N, Tombul T, Koral G, Çırak S, Yılmaz V, Türkoğlu R, Tüzün E. miR-132-3p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-19b-3p Are Associated with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Production and Clinical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:720-726. [PMID: 34788141 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are reduced in advanced stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be associated with reduced regenerative capability in progressive MS. This has brought increased attention to factors regulating BDNF production in MS. Our aim was to investigate the link between neurotrophin-regulating microRNAs (miRNA) and disease progression in MS. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of BDNF and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression levels of miR-132-3p, miR-106b-5p and miR-19b-3p were respectively measured by ELISA and real time PCR in twelve relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients, seven secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients and fourteen healthy controls. Results: Serum BDNF levels were significantly reduced in SPMS patients, while selected miRNAs were significantly upregulated in PBMC of RRMS and SPMS patients. miR-106b-5p and miR-19b-3p respectively showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for MS diagnosis by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. There was a negative correlation between levels of BDNF and the miRNAs in RRMS. Likewise, levels of BDNF and the investigated miRNAs showed positive and negative correlations respectively with the expanded disability status scale in RRMS and SPMS patients. miR-132-3p and miR-106b-5p levels showed positive correlations with the progression index in SPMS patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that increased disability is associated with downregulation of miR-132-3p, miR-106b-5p and miR-19b-3p in RRMS patients and putatively promotes increased production of neuroprotective BDNF as a compensatory mechanism. This link between the investigated miRNAs and BDNF in RRMS does not appears to hold for SPMS. This might be one of the factors contributing to reduced regenerative ability in the progressive stage of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sağır
- Department of Molecular Biology Genetics, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Ersoy Tunalı
- Department of Molecular Biology Genetics, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Temel Tombul
- Department of Molecular Biology Genetics, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Koral
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Çırak
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Yılmaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recai Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Azoulay D, Horowitz NA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hematological malignancies: From detrimental to potentially beneficial. Blood Rev 2021; 51:100871. [PMID: 34344590 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies have highlighted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuronal growth factor abundant in the peripheral blood, and its tyrosine kinase receptor TRKB, as onco-genes and proteins that support the survival of malignant hematological cells. In contrast, other researchers reported on a favorable association between BDNF blood levels and prognosis, chemotherapy response and neurological side effects in patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we review the accumulated data regarding the expression of BDNF and its receptors in normal hematopoietic and lymphatic cells and tissue. In addition, in-vitro experiments, animal models and human sample studies that investigated the role of BDNF and its receptors in hematological malignancies are discussed. Finally, directions for future research aimed at revealing the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of BDNF in patients with these diseases are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Azoulay
- Hematology Unit and Laboratories, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Netanel A Horowitz
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Shajarian M, Alsahebfosoul F, Etemadifar M. The Effect of IFN-β Treatment on Plasma Levels of BDNF and IL-6 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:150-157. [PMID: 34182566 DOI: 10.1159/000515595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent investigations addressing neurodegenerative diseases, especially multiple sclerosis (MS), the roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been examined. METHODS Forty-five relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, including 32 IFN-β-treated and 13 newly identified untreated cases as well as 45 sex- and age-matched healthy controls, were recruited in the study. Plasma levels of BDNF and IL-6 were assessed using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by SPSS (ver.21). RESULTS There were significant differences between the case and healthy control groups in terms of the plasma levels of BDNF (p value = 0.044) and IL-6 (p value <0.001). Besides, the treatment with IFN-β had no significant impact on the level of BDNF or IL-6 in RRMS patients as compared to healthy controls (p value = 0.716 and 0.623 for BDNF and IL-6, respectively). Furthermore, the increase in the plasma levels of BDNF and IL-6 indicated a direct correlation in the case group (r = 0.508, p value = 0.008). In detail, following the classification of the case group into 2 subgroups of IFN-β-treated and untreated patients, a direct positive correlation was observed between the plasma levels of BDNF and IL-6 in IFN-β-treated patients (r = 0.495, p value = 0.026). CONCLUSION The IFN-β treatment seems not to be effective for upregulating BDNF and IL-6 in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Shajarian
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Azoulay D, Abed S, Sfadi A, Sheleg O, Shaoul E, Shehadeh M, Kaykov E, Nodelman M, Bashkin A. Low brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels and single-nucleotide polymorphism Val66Met are associated with peripheral neuropathy in type II diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:891-898. [PMID: 32124075 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies by our group demonstrated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in blood and BDNF-Val66met-SNP as potential biomarkers in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Here, we evaluate symptoms of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and depression in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in search of an association with serum BDNF levels and the Val66Met-SNP. METHODS In total, 90 patients enrolled in the study; 23 (25.6%) had known PN, as determined by nerve conduction studies (NCS-PN), and 67 (74.4%) were not diagnosed with PN (U-PN). PN symptoms were assessed and graded in these groups using the total neuropathy score (TNSr) and DN4 scales. Small nerve fiber testing of sensitivity thresholds to cold, warm and hot pain signals was performed using the Q-sense device. Depression was assessed using the PHQ9 questionnaire. BDNF protein levels and Val66Met-SNP were determined with ELISA and Sanger sequencing, respectively. RESULTS NCS-PN patients showed lower serum BDNF levels alongside significantly higher TNSr, DN4 and PHQ9 scores and lower hot pain sensitivity thresholds as compared to U-PN patients. Patients with Met-BDNF-SNP showed increased TNSr scores and lower hot pain sensitivity thresholds as compared to patients with Val-BDNF-SNP. Depression showed a weaker correlation with sensitivity thresholds to hot pain signals as compared to TNSr and DN4 scores. CONCLUSIONS Diminished peripheral BDNF resources and Met-BDNF-SNP genotype are associated with augmented symptoms of PN in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Sensitivity thresholds to hot pain signals may be less influenced by depression and possibly more accurately detect PN symptoms in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Azoulay
- Hematology Unit and Laboratories, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, 22100, Naharia, Israel.
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Sean Abed
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel
| | - Akram Sfadi
- Department of Neurology, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel
| | - Ortal Sheleg
- Hematology Unit and Laboratories, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, 22100, Naharia, Israel
| | - Ety Shaoul
- Hematology Unit and Laboratories, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, 22100, Naharia, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Mona Shehadeh
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Biochemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel
| | - Edward Kaykov
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel
| | - Marina Nodelman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel
| | - Amir Bashkin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel
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Azoulay D, Horowitz NA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential biomarker of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and prognosis in haematological malignancies; what we have learned, the challenges and a need for global standardization. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:17-18. [PMID: 32557540 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Azoulay
- Hematology Unit and Laboratories, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Netanel A Horowitz
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Nali LH, Olival GS, Sousa FTG, de Oliveira ACS, Montenegro H, da Silva IT, Dias-Neto E, Naya H, Spangenberg L, Penalva-de-Oliveira AC, Romano CM. Whole transcriptome analysis of multiple Sclerosis patients reveals active inflammatory profile in relapsing patients and downregulation of neurological repair pathways in secondary progressive cases. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44:102243. [PMID: 32559700 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune neurologic disease that causes progressive destruction of myelin sheath and axons. Affecting more than 2 million people worldwide, MS may presents distinct clinical courses. However, information regarding key gene expression and genic pathways related to each clinical form is still limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the whole transcriptome of blood leukocytes from patients with remittent-recurrent (RRMS) and secondary-progressive (SPMS) forms to explore the gene expression profile of each form. METHODS Total RNA was obtained and sequenced in Illumina HiSeq platform. Reads were aligned to human genome (GRCh38/hg38), BAM files were mapped and differential expression was obtained with DeSeq2. Up or downregulated pathways were obtained through Ingenuity IPA. Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were also assessed. RESULTS The transcriptome was generated for nine patients (6 SPMS and 3 RRMS) and 5 healthy controls. A total of 731 and 435 differentially expressed genes were identified in SPMS and RRMS, respectively. RERE, IRS2, SIPA1L1, TANC2 and PLAGL1 were upregulated in both forms, whereas PAD2 and PAD4 were upregulated in RRMS and downregulated in SPMS. Inflammatory and neuronal repair pathways were upregulated in RRMS, which was also observed in cytokine analysis. Conversely, SPMS patients presented IL-8, IL-1, Neurothrophin and Neuregulin pathways down regulated. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the transcriptome of RRMS and SPMS clearly indicated distinct inflammatory profiles, where RRMS presented marked pro-inflammatory profile but SPMS did not. SPMS individuals also presented a decrease on expression of neuronal repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H Nali
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, LIM-52 (LIMHC) Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.; Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Rua Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, São Paulo, 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S Olival
- Departamento de Neurologia Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, R. Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, São Paulo, 01221-020 Brazil
| | - Francielle T G Sousa
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, LIM-52 (LIMHC) Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, LIM-52 (LIMHC) Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Israel T da Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 01525-001, Brazil
| | - Emamnuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 01525-001, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Lucia Spangenberg
- Unidad de Bioinformática Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Augusto C Penalva-de-Oliveira
- Departamento de Neurologia Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, R. Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, São Paulo, 01221-020 Brazil; Departamento de Neurologia, Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 165, São Paulo, 01246-900, Brazil
| | - Camila M Romano
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, LIM-52 (LIMHC) Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.; Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP (LIM52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Semkina AA, Alifirova VM, Titova MA, Maltseva AN, Abadzhyan MB. [Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in multiple sclerosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:28-35. [PMID: 31156238 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20191192228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The review presents data on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its structure and functions, the effect on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). The correlation of BDNF level with clinical manifestations of MS and the changes of its level during disease-modifying therapy is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Semkina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - M A Titova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A N Maltseva
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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13
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Napier J, Rose L, Adeoye O, Hooker E, Walsh KB. Modulating acute neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: the potential promise of currently approved medications for multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:7-15. [PMID: 30702002 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1566361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secondary inflammatory injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in increased morbidity and mortality. White blood cells have been implicated as critical mediators of this inflammatory injury. Currently, no medications have been clinically proven to ameliorate or beneficially modulate inflammation, or to improve outcomes by any mechanism, following ICH. However, other neuroinflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, have approved pharmacologic therapies that modulate the inflammatory response and minimize the damage caused by inflammatory cells. Thus, there is substantial interest in existing therapies for neuroinflammation and their potential applicability to other acute neurological diseases such as ICH. In this review, we examined the mechanism of action of twelve currently approved medications for multiple sclerosis: alemtuzumab, daclizumab, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, teriflunomide. We analyzed the existing literature pertaining to the effects of these medications on various leukocytes and also with emphasis on mechanisms of action during the acute period following initiation of therapy. As a result, we provide a valuable summary of the current body of knowledge regarding these therapies and evidence that supports or refutes their likely promise for treating neuroinflammation following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred Napier
- a College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Lucas Rose
- a College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Opeolu Adeoye
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Gardner Neuroscience Institute , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Edmond Hooker
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Kyle B Walsh
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Gardner Neuroscience Institute , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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14
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Kalinowska-Łyszczarz A, Pawlak MA, Wyciszkiewicz A, Osztynowicz K, Kozubski W, Michalak S. Immune-cell BDNF expression in treatment-naïve relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and following one year of immunomodulation therapy. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018; 52:483-489. [PMID: 29643001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although neurons are the main source of neurotrophins in the healthy brain, neurotrophins can also be expressed in the immune system. We have previously shown that in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) lower immune-cell neurotrophin levels are associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to assess if immune-cell neurotrophin expression is impaired in MS as compared with the healthy controls, and to describe if these levels change in treatment-naïve RRMS patients, following one year of immunomodulation. Fifty treatment-naïve RRMS patients were assessed at baseline and after one year of immunomodulation (beta-interferons/glatiramer acetate). The control group included 39 healthy subjects matched according to age and gender. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from heparinized blood using Ficoll-Histopaque gradient. The levels of brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF), beta-nerve-growth-factor (beta-NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) were measured in PBMC lysates with ELISA. BDNF levels were significantly lower in MS than in the healthy controls (median 613 vs. 1657pg/mg protein, p<0.001). After one year of immunomodulation, BDNF expression did not change significantly (p=0.06) on the group level. In 70% of patients there was no increase in BDNF level, and in 30% it increased. We observed no differences between treatment groups. Other neurotrophins were detected in a minority of MS samples (as opposed to the controls). To conclude, we have shown that immune-cell production of neurotrophins is impaired in MS patients. In our MS cohort standard immunomodulation failed to restore normal BDNF levels in PBMCs within one year of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kalinowska-Łyszczarz
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mikołaj A Pawlak
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 34 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wyciszkiewicz
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Osztynowicz
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Michalak
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
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15
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Moreno-Torres I, González-García C, Marconi M, García-Grande A, Rodríguez-Esparragoza L, Elvira V, Ramil E, Campos-Ruíz L, García-Hernández R, Al-Shahrour F, Fustero-Torre C, Sánchez-Sanz A, García-Merino A, Sánchez López AJ. Immunophenotype and Transcriptome Profile of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Fingolimod: Setting Up a Model for Prediction of Response in a 2-Year Translational Study. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1693. [PMID: 30090102 PMCID: PMC6068231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fingolimod is a functional sphingosine-1-phosphate antagonist approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod affects lymphocyte subpopulations and regulates gene expression in the lymphocyte transcriptome. Translational studies are necessary to identify cellular and molecular biomarkers that might be used to predict the clinical response to the drug. In MS patients, we aimed to clarify the differential effects of fingolimod on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cell subsets and to identify differentially expressed genes in responders and non-responders (NRs) to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were obtained from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients before and 6 months after starting fingolimod. Forty-eight lymphocyte subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry based on surface and intracellular marker analysis. Transcriptome sequencing by next-generation technologies was used to define the gene expression profiling in lymphocytes at the same time points. NEDA-3 (no evidence of disease activity) and NEDA-4 scores were measured for all patients at 1 and 2 years after beginning fingolimod treatment to investigate an association with cellular and molecular characteristics. RESULTS Fingolimod affects practically all lymphocyte subpopulations and exerts a strong effect on genetic transcription switching toward an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response. Fingolimod induces a differential effect in lymphocyte subpopulations after 6 months of treatment in responder and NR patients. Patients who achieved a good response to the drug compared to NR patients exhibited higher percentages of NK bright cells and plasmablasts, higher levels of FOXP3, glucose phosphate isomerase, lower levels of FCRL1, and lower Expanded Disability Status Scale at baseline. The combination of these possible markers enabled us to build a probabilistic linear model to predict the clinical response to fingolimod. CONCLUSION MS patients responsive to fingolimod exhibit a recognizable distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and a different pretreatment gene expression signature that might be useful as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Moreno-Torres
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral González-García
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Marconi
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu García-Grande
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Elvira
- IMT Lille Douai & CRIStAL, Univ. de Lille, Douai, France
| | - Elvira Ramil
- Sequencing Core Facility, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Campos-Ruíz
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth García-Hernández
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit of Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Fustero-Torre
- Bioinformatics Unit of Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Sanz
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Merino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio José Sánchez López
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain
- Biobank, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Stampanoni Bassi M, Iezzi E, Marfia GA, Simonelli I, Musella A, Mandolesi G, Fresegna D, Pasqualetti P, Furlan R, Finardi A, Mataluni G, Landi D, Gilio L, Centonze D, Buttari F. Platelet-derived growth factor predicts prolonged relapse-free period in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:108. [PMID: 29655371 PMCID: PMC5899838 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the early phases of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), a clear correlation between brain lesion load and clinical disability is often lacking, originating the so-called clinico-radiological paradox. Different factors may contribute to such discrepancy. In particular, synaptic plasticity may reduce the clinical expression of brain damage producing enduring enhancement of synaptic strength largely dependent on neurotrophin-induced protein synthesis. Cytokines released by the immune cells during acute inflammation can alter synaptic transmission and plasticity possibly influencing the clinical course of MS. In addition, immune cells may promote brain repair during the post-acute phases, by secreting different growth factors involved in neuronal and oligodendroglial cell survival. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a neurotrophic factor that could be particularly involved in clinical recovery. Indeed, PDGF promotes long-term potentiation of synaptic activity in vitro and in MS and could therefore represent a key factor improving the clinical compensation of new brain lesions. The aim of the present study is to explore whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PDGF concentrations at the time of diagnosis may influence the clinical course of RR-MS. Methods At the time of diagnosis, we measured in 100 consecutive early MS patients the CSF concentrations of PDGF, of the main pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and of reliable markers of neuronal damage. Clinical and radiological parameters of disease activity were prospectively collected during follow-up. Results CSF PDGF levels were positively correlated with prolonged relapse-free survival. Radiological markers of disease activity, biochemical markers of neuronal damage, and clinical parameters of disease progression were instead not influenced by PDGF concentrations. Higher CSF PDGF levels were associated with an anti-inflammatory milieu within the central nervous system. Conclusions Our results suggest that PDGF could promote a more prolonged relapse-free period during the course of RR-MS, without influencing inflammation reactivation and inflammation-driven neuronal damage and likely enhancing adaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Stampanoni Bassi
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ennio Iezzi
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Girolama A Marfia
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Service of Medical Statistics & Information Technology, Fondazione Fatebenefratelli per la Ricerca e la Formazione Sanitaria e Sociale, Lungotevere de' Cenci 5, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,University and IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Service of Medical Statistics & Information Technology, Fondazione Fatebenefratelli per la Ricerca e la Formazione Sanitaria e Sociale, Lungotevere de' Cenci 5, 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mataluni
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Landi
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Gilio
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. .,Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Unit of Neurology and Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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17
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Aarts SABM, Seijkens TTP, van Dorst KJF, Dijkstra CD, Kooij G, Lutgens E. The CD40-CD40L Dyad in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1791. [PMID: 29312317 PMCID: PMC5732943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD40-CD40L dyad is an immune checkpoint regulator that promotes both innate and adaptive immune responses and has therefore an essential role in the development of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, CD40 and CD40L are expressed on immune cells present in blood and lymphoid organs, affected resident central nervous system (CNS) cells, and inflammatory cells that have infiltrated the CNS. CD40-CD40L interactions fuel the inflammatory response underlying MS, and both genetic deficiency and antibody-mediated inhibition of the CD40-CD40L dyad reduce disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both proteins are therefore attractive therapeutic candidates to modulate aberrant inflammatory responses in MS. Here, we discuss the genetic, experimental and clinical studies on the role of CD40 and CD40L interactions in EAE and MS and we explore novel approaches to therapeutically target this dyad to combat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A. B. M. Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom T. P. Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christine D. Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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18
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Interferon-β Inhibits Neurotrophin 3 Signalling and Pro-Survival Activity by Upregulating the Expression of Truncated TrkC-T1 Receptor. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1825-1843. [PMID: 26887385 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although clinically useful for the treatment of various diseases, type I interferons (IFNs) have been implicated as causative factors of a number of neuroinflammatory disorders characterized by neuronal damage and altered CNS functions. As neurotrophin 3 (NT3) plays a critical role in neuroprotection, we examined the effects of IFN-β on the signalling and functional activity of the NT3/TrkC system. We found that prolonged exposure of differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to IFN-β impaired the ability of NT3 to induce transphosphorylation of the full-length TrkC receptor (TrkC-FL) and the phosphorylation of downstream signalling molecules, including PLCγ1, Akt, GSK-3β and ERK1/2. NT3 was effective in protecting the cells against apoptosis triggered by serum withdrawal or thapsigargin but not IFN-β. Prolonged exposure to the cytokine had little effects on TrkC-FL levels but markedly enhanced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of the truncated isoform TrkC-T1, a dominant-negative receptor that inhibits TrkC-FL activity. Cell depletion of TrkC-T1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment enhanced NT3 signalling through TrkC-FL and allowed the neurotrophin to counteract IFN-β-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the upregulation of TrkC-T1 by IFN-β was associated with the inhibition of NT3-induced recruitment of the scaffold protein tamalin to TrkC-T1 and tamalin tyrosine phosphorylation. These data indicate that IFN-β exerts a negative control on NT3 pro-survival signalling through a novel mechanism involving the upregulation of TrkC-T1.
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19
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Hammond ER, Recio AC, Sadowsky CL, Becker D. Functional electrical stimulation as a component of activity-based restorative therapy may preserve function in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Spinal Cord Med 2015; 38:68-75. [PMID: 24976037 PMCID: PMC4293536 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on disability progression in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN Retrospective cohort, 40 participants with mean follow-up of 15 months. Setting International Center for Spinal Cord Injury at Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, a rehabilitation referral center. PARTICIPANTS Forty consecutive persons with MS undergoing rehabilitation from 2007 to 2011, with at least two evaluations based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). Interventions FES cycling as part of activity-based restorative therapy interventions. OUTCOME MEASURES Change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and ISNCSCI motor, light touch, and pin prick scores from baseline to latest evaluation. RESULTS In 71% of patients, activity-based rehabilitation included FES cycling. There was no disability progression on the EDSS. Lower extremity motor scores improved or stabilized in 75% of patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS), 71.4% with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 54.5% with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). Among patients with improved or stabilized lower extremity motor function, PPMS recorded a mean 9% improvement, SPMS 3% and RRMS 6%. In PPMS, use of FES showed trend towards improvement in motor scores (P = 0.070). CONCLUSIONS FES as part of activity-based rehabilitation may help preserve or improve neurological function in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Becker
- Correspondence to: Daniel Becker, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, International Neurorehabilitation Institute, 1300 York Road, Building A, Suite 300, Lutherville, MD 21093, USA.
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20
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Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured at high cell density express brain-derived neurotrophic factor and exert neuroprotective effects in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a life-long, potentially debilitating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is considered to be an immune-mediated disease, and the presence of autoreactive peripheral lymphocytes in CNS compartments is believed to be critical in the process of demyelination and tissue damage in MS. Although MS is not currently a curable disease, several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are now available, or are in development. These DMTs are all thought to primarily suppress autoimmune activity within the CNS. Each therapy has its own mechanism of action (MoA) and, as a consequence, each has a different efficacy and safety profile. Neurologists can now select therapies on a more individual, patient-tailored basis, with the aim of maximizing potential for long-term efficacy without interruptions in treatment. The MoA and clinical profile of MS therapies are important considerations when making that choice or when switching therapies due to suboptimal disease response. This article therefore reviews the known and putative immunological MoAs alongside a summary of the clinical profile of therapies approved for relapsing forms of MS, and those in late-stage development, based on published data from pivotal randomized, controlled trials.
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22
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Mausner-Fainberg K, Urshansky N, Regev K, Auriel E, Karni A. Elevated and dysregulated bone morphogenic proteins in immune cells of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 264:91-9. [PMID: 24080309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions with extensive astrogliosis suggests that fate factors of NSCs, such as the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling maybe defective in MS. We found an elevated mRNA expression and protein secretion of BMP-2,4,5 but not of BMP-7. This was primarily in T cells. Cell stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies or with IFN-γ induced expression of BMP-2,4,5 mRNA in untreated RR-MS patients, indicating that proinflammatory processes in MS may play a role in the BMP-2,4,5 productions in T cells. These results contribute to the understanding of the negligible extent of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis with extensive astrogliogenesis and the failure of adequate tissue repair in MS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mausner-Fainberg
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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23
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Gene therapy of multiple sclerosis using interferon β-secreting human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:696738. [PMID: 23710456 PMCID: PMC3654641 DOI: 10.1155/2013/696738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-beta (IFN-β), a well-established standard treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), has proved to exhibit clinical efficacy. In this study, we first evaluated the therapeutic effects for MS using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) as delivery vehicles with lesion-targeting capability and IFN-β as therapeutic gene. We also engineered hBM-MSCs to secret IFN-β (MSCs-IFNβ) via adenoviral transduction and confirmed the secretory capacity of MSCs-IFNβ by an ELISA assay. MSCs-IFNβ-treated mice showed inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) onset, and the maximum and average score for all animals in each group was significantly lower in the MSCs-IFNβ-treated EAE mice when compared with the MSCs-GFP-treated EAE mice. Inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the lumbar spinal cord also significantly decreased in the MSCs-IFNβ-treated EAE mice compared to PBS- or MSCs-GFP-treated EAE mice. Moreover, MSCs-IFNβ treatment enhanced the immunomodulatory effects, which suppressed proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and conversely increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Importantly, injected MSCs-IFNβ migrated into inflamed CNS and significantly reduced further injury of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in EAE mice. Thus, our results provide the rationale for designing novel experimental protocols to enhance the therapeutic effects for MS using hBM-MSCs as an effective gene vehicle to deliver the therapeutic cytokines.
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Brosnan CF, Raine CS. The astrocyte in multiple sclerosis revisited. Glia 2013; 61:453-65. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with unknown etiology. It was recently suggested that autoimmunity, which had long been considered to be destructive in MS, might also play a protective role in the CNS of MS patients. Neurotrophins are polypeptides belonging to the neurotrophic factor family. While neurotrophins mediate cell survival and proliferation in the nervous system, they are also expressed within peripheral blood mononuclear cells fraction (PBMCs) of immunological system. In MS additional neurotrophic support from PBMCs might compensate relative neurotrophins deficiency in the damaged CNS tissue that needs to be repaired. Failure to produce the adequate neurotrophins concentrations might result in decreased protection of the CNS, consequently leading to increased atrophy, which is the main determinant of MS patients' end-point disability. There are several lines of evidence, both from clinical research and animal models, suggesting that neurotrophins play a pivotal role in neuroprotective and neuroregenerative processes that are often defective in the course of MS. It seems that neuroprotective strategies might be used as potentially valuable add-on therapies, alongside traditional immunomodulatory treatment in multiple sclerosis.
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Dhib-Jalbut S, Sumandeep S, Valenzuela R, Ito K, Patel P, Rametta M. Immune response during interferon beta-1b treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis who experienced relapses and those who were relapse-free in the START study. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 254:131-40. [PMID: 22999187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We measured immune markers in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with IFNβ-1b for 12 months. IL-17 levels were significantly higher at Month 6 (p=0.036) in relapsing subjects while BDNF levels were significantly higher at Month 3 (p=0.028) in relapse-free subjects. Change from baseline in IL-4 levels inversely correlated with disability score whereas change from baseline in IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio inversely correlated with occurrence of relapses. CXCR3+CD8+ T-cells tended to be higher but declined with treatment in relapse-free compared with relapsing subjects. Findings show the potential of cytokine and neurotrophic factors as biomarkers of clinical response to IFNβ-1b.
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Chen X, Ma L, Jiang Y, Chen S, Zhu C, Liu M, Ma X, Zhu D, Liu Y, Peng F, Wang Q, Pi R. Minocycline up-regulates the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 686:124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Colombo E, Cordiglieri C, Melli G, Newcombe J, Krumbholz M, Parada LF, Medico E, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E, Farina C. Stimulation of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB on astrocytes drives nitric oxide production and neurodegeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:521-35. [PMID: 22393127 PMCID: PMC3302220 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophin growth factors support neuronal survival and function. In this study, we show that the expression of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB is induced on astrocytes in white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Surprisingly, mice lacking TrkB specifically in astrocytes were protected from EAE-induced neurodegeneration. In an in vitro assay, astrocytes stimulated with the TrkB agonist brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) released nitric oxide (NO), and conditioned medium from activated astrocytes had detrimental effects on the morphology and survival of neurons. This neurodegenerative process was amplified by NO produced by neurons. NO synthesis in the central nervous system during EAE depended on astrocyte TrkB. Together, these findings suggest that TrkB expression on astrocytes may represent a new target for neuroprotective therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Waschbisch A, Wenny I, Tallner A, Schwab S, Pfeifer K, Mäurer M. Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comparative Study of Vitamin D, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Regulatory T Cell Populations. Eur Neurol 2012; 68:122-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000337904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gold R, Wolinsky JS, Amato MP, Comi G. Evolving expectations around early management of multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011; 3:351-67. [PMID: 21179596 DOI: 10.1177/1756285610385608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. With prevention or at least delay of disease progression as a key target in the management of multiple sclerosis, current opinion on treatment encourages early intervention with well-tolerated disease-modifying treatments in order to optimize long-term clinical outcomes. Patients presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) may progress to clinically definite multiple sclerosis, and clinical trials have demonstrated that early treatment with interferon beta can reduce the conversion rate. Cognitive impairment may already be present in patients with CISs. Today there is evolving evidence that cognitive impairment may be relevant for prognosis and that early treatment with interferon beta may also have a protective effect on the cognitive function. As an accumulation of neuronal loss is now considered to underlie the development of persistent disability in multiple sclerosis, it is crucial that treatment can protect against neuronal damage. In addition to its anti-inflammatory activity, interferon beta may have direct and indirect neuroprotective effects, and several studies have explored the role of interferon beta in regulating neuroprotective factors. With over 15 years of clinical experience as evidence, the long-term safety and efficacy of interferon beta treatment is unquestionable. Results from the CIS studies have demonstrated the high percentage of patients converting to clinically definite multiple sclerosis without treatment and the short- and long-term benefits of an early use of disease-modifying treatments. These findings support starting disease-modifying treatment as soon as the diagnosis of MS is reasonably formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital/Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Filippi M, Rocca MA, Camesasca F, Cook S, O'Connor P, Arnason BGW, Kappos L, Goodin D, Jeffery D, Hartung HP, Comi G, Wolinsky JS, Bogumil T, Pohl C, Beckmann K, Sandbrink R, Croze E, Brown C, Desimone TM, Arnold DL, Cutter G, Knappertz V. Interferon β-1b and glatiramer acetate effects on permanent black hole evolution. Neurology 2011; 76:1222-8. [PMID: 21464426 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182143577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) and glatiramer acetate (GA) on new lesion (NL) (gadolinium-enhancing, new T2) evolution into permanent black holes (PBH)--a marker of irreversible tissue damage--in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS BEYOND was a large, phase III, clinical trial comparing IFNβ-1b 250 μg, IFNβ-1b 500 μg, and GA (2:2:1). Patient scans were reexamined post hoc for PBH in a rater-blinded manner. Two predefined coprimary endpoints compared IFNβ-1b 250 μg with GA: first, number of PBH per patient at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL, then proportion of year 1 NL evolving into PBH at year 2. IFNβ-1b 500 μg and GA were compared in an exploratory fashion. RESULTS Approximately 90% (1,957/2,244) of patients had NL at year 1 with follow-up at year 2. Mean numbers of PBH per patient at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL were lower for IFNβ-1b 250 μg than GA (0.30 vs 0.43; p = 0.0451). The proportion of NL evolving into PBH was similar (IFNβ-1b 250 μg vs GA: 21.6% vs 23.5%; p > 0.20). For IFNβ-1b 500 μg, both the mean PBH number per patient at year 2 evolving from year 1 NL (0.26 vs 0.43; p = 0.0037) and proportion of NL evolving into PBH (16.3% vs 23.5%; p = 0.0409) were lower relative to GA. CONCLUSION IFNβ-1b affected PBH development to a similar or better extent than GA. IFNβ-1b favorably influences an MRI outcome indicative of permanent tissue destruction in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that IFNβ-1b is associated with a reduction in MRI PBH formation and evolution compared with GA between years 1 and 2 of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filippi
- University Hospital San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Lindquist S, Hassinger S, Lindquist JA, Sailer M. The balance of pro-inflammatory and trophic factors in multiple sclerosis patients: effects of acute relapse and immunomodulatory treatment. Mult Scler 2011; 17:851-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458511399797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: In multiple sclerosis inflammation is primarily injurious to the central nervous system, but its therapeutic suppression might inhibit repair-promoting factors. Objectives: We aimed at better describing the complexity of biological effects during an acute relapse and analysed the effects of intervention with high-dose i.v. glucocorticoids and immunomodulatory treatment with interferon-beta (IFNβ). Methods: We studied the intracellular expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) together with the neurotrophins ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients during an acute relapse, after intervention with i.v. methylprednisolone and at baseline, using a highly quantitative flow-cytometric approach. Results: We demonstrated the expression of CNTF in human leucocytes. We showed that CNTF levels differed in acutely relapsing multiple sclerosis patients compared with controls and increased after corticosteroid treatment. CNTF can counteract the toxicity of TNFα towards oligodendrocytes and we found TNFα increased during acute relapses. Following corticosteroids, neither TNFα nor iNOS expression was reduced. Levels of BDNF were not affected by glucocorticoids, but increased during IFNβ therapy. However, IFNβ also increased the expression of iNOS and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), underlining its immunomodulatory potential. Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis patients might benefit from reparative, and not solely from anti-inflammatory, effects of glucocorticoids. Interactive effects of glucocorticoid- and IFNβ-treatment need to be considered to improve neuroprotection and remyelination resulting from immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hassinger
- University Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Co-senior authors
| | - Michael Sailer
- University Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Centre for Neurological Rehabilitation, Magdeburg, Germany
- Co-senior authors
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Urshansky N, Mausner-Fainberg K, Auriel E, Regev K, Farhum F, Karni A. Dysregulated neurotrophin mRNA production by immune cells of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2010; 295:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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De Santi L, Annunziata P, Sessa E, Bramanti P. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB receptor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2009; 287:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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