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Cui D, Zhang Y, Zhang M. The effect of cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist on morphine tolerance. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:43-50. [PMID: 38145173 PMCID: PMC10733637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain highly impacts the quality of life of patients. Morphine is used for pain treatment; however, its side effects, especially morphine tolerance, limit its use in the clinic. The problem of morphine tolerance has plagued health workers and patients for years. Unfortunately, the exact mechanism of morphine tolerance has not been fully clarified. The mechanisms of morphine tolerance that are currently being studied may include μ-opioid receptor (MOR) desensitization and internalization, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and crosstalk, the effects of microglia and the increase in inflammatory factors. Morphine tolerance can be alleviated by improving the pathophysiological changes that lead to morphine tolerance. Previous studies have shown that a cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonist could attenuate morphine tolerance in a variety of animal models. Many studies have shown an interaction between the cannabinoid system and the opioid system. The CB2 receptor may modulate the effect of morphine through a pathway that is common to the MOR, since both receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This study introduces the potential mechanism of morphine tolerance and the effect of CB2 receptor agonists on reducing morphine tolerance, which can provide new ideas for researchers studying morphine and provide beneficial effects for patients suffering from morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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2
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Vilca SJ, Margetts AV, Pollock TA, Tuesta LM. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of microglia in substance use disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103838. [PMID: 36893849 PMCID: PMC10247513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are widely known for their role in immune surveillance and for their ability to refine neurocircuitry during development, but a growing body of evidence suggests that microglia may also play a complementary role to neurons in regulating the behavioral aspects of substance use disorders. While many of these efforts have focused on changes in microglial gene expression associated with drug-taking, epigenetic regulation of these changes has yet to be fully understood. This review provides recent evidence supporting the role of microglia in various aspects of substance use disorder, with particular focus on changes to the microglial transcriptome and the potential epigenetic mechanisms driving these changes. Further, this review discusses the latest technical advances in low-input chromatin profiling and highlights the current challenges for studying these novel molecular mechanisms in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara J Vilca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Alexander V Margetts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Tate A Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Luis M Tuesta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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3
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Grabon W, Rheims S, Smith J, Bodennec J, Belmeguenai A, Bezin L. CB2 receptor in the CNS: from immune and neuronal modulation to behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105226. [PMID: 37164044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite low levels of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) expression in the central nervous system in human and rodents, a growing body of evidence shows CB2R involvement in many processes at the behavioral level, through both immune and neuronal modulations. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence have highlighted the complex role of CB2R under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Under neuroinflammatory states, its activation seems to protect the brain and its functions, making it a promising target in a wide range of neurological disorders. Here, we provide a complete and updated overview of CB2R function in the central nervous system of rodents, spanning from modulation of immune function in microglia but also in other cell types, to behavior and neuronal activity, in both physiological and neuroinflammatory contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Grabon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France.
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon - France
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Jacques Bodennec
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Amor Belmeguenai
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Bezin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France.
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4
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Reichenbach ZW, DiMattio K, Rajakaruna S, Ambrose D, Cornwell WD, Tallarida RJ, Rogers T, Liu-Chen LY, Tuma RF, Ward SJ. Modulation of Morphine Analgesia, Antinociceptive Tolerance, and Mu-Opioid Receptor Binding by the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Agonist O-1966. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:803331. [PMID: 35529434 PMCID: PMC9068870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.803331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acutely, non-selective cannabinoid (CB) agonists have been shown to increase morphine antinociceptive effects, and we and others have also demonstrated that non-selective CB agonists attenuate morphine antinociceptive tolerance. Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors reverses allodynia and hyperalgesia in models of chronic pain, and co-administration of morphine with CB2 receptor selective agonists has been shown to be synergistic. CB2 receptor activation has also been shown to reduce morphine-induced hyperalgesia in rodents, an effect attributed to CB2 receptor modulation of inflammation. In the present set of experiments, we tested both the acute and chronic interactions between morphine and the CB2 receptor selective agonist O-1966 treatments on antinociception and antinociceptive tolerance in C57Bl6 mice. Co-administration of morphine and O-1966 was tested under three dosing regimens: simultaneous administration, morphine pre-treated with O-1966, and O-1966 pre-treated with morphine. The effects of O-1966 on mu-opioid receptor binding were determined using [3H]DAMGO and [35S]GTPγS binding assays, and these interactions were further examined by FRET analysis linked to flow cytometry. Results yielded surprising evidence of interactions between the CB2 receptor selective agonist O-1966 and morphine that were dependent upon the order of administration. When O-1966 was administered prior to or simultaneous with morphine, morphine antinociception was attenuated and antinociceptive tolerance was exacerbated. When O-1966 was administered following morphine, morphine antinociception was not affected and antinociceptive tolerance was attenuated. The [35S]GTPγS results suggest that O-1966 interrupts functional activity of morphine at the mu-opioid receptor, leading to decreased potency of morphine to produce acute thermal antinociceptive effects and potentiation of morphine antinociceptive tolerance. However, O-1966 administered after morphine blocked morphine hyperalgesia and led to an attenuation of morphine tolerance, perhaps due to well-documented anti-inflammatory effects of CB2 receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W. Reichenbach
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (CSAR), Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kelly DiMattio
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (CSAR), Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Suren Rajakaruna
- Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Ambrose
- Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William D. Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ronald J. Tallarida
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (CSAR), Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (CSAR), Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ronald F. Tuma
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (CSAR), Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sara Jane Ward
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (CSAR), Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Kong Q, Tian S, Ma C, Wang G, Zhang M. Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist Reduces Morphine Tolerance via Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase Induction and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Dephosphorylation. Neuroscience 2022; 480:56-64. [PMID: 34774714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is an opioid drug often used in treating moderate to severe pain. However, morphine tolerance in patients limits its used in clinical settings. Our previous study showed that a cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonist attenuated morphine tolerance. However, the exact mechanism by which CB2 agonists reduce morphine tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatases 1 and 3 (MKP-1 and MKP-3) on the regulation of morphine tolerance by CB2 receptor agonist. Chronic morphine treatments for 7 days reduced the protein expression of MKP-1 and MKP-3 in the spinal cord and increased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and the level of proinflammatory mediator, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Coadministration of CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 alleviated the inhibition of MKP-1 and MKP-3 by chronic morphine administration and reduced the expression of phosphorylated MAPK and proinflammatory factors. The effect of the CB2 receptor agonist on morphine-induced downregulation of MKP-1 and MKP-3 was reversed by the MKP-1 and MKP-3 antagonist triptolide. Our findings suggested that CB2 receptor agonist may induce the expression of MKP-1 and MKP-3 to promote MAPK dephosphorylation and reduce the production of downstream cytokine, thereby reducing morphine tolerance. This finding suggested that MKPs may serve as a new target for alleviating morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Songyu Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
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6
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Morcuende A, García-Gutiérrez MS, Tambaro S, Nieto E, Manzanares J, Femenia T. Immunomodulatory Role of CB2 Receptors in Emotional and Cognitive Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866052. [PMID: 35492718 PMCID: PMC9051035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional behavior, memory, and learning have been associated with alterations in the immune system in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, several studies pointed out the involvement of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2r) in the immune system and the regulation of inflammation. This receptor is widely distributed in different tissues and organs with higher expression in spleen and immune system cells. However, CB2r has also been detected in several brain areas and different brain cell types, such as neurons and glia. These findings suggest that CB2r may closely relate the immune system and the brain circuits regulating inflammation, mood, and cognitive functions. Therefore, we review the studies that may help elucidate the molecular bases of CB2r in regulating inflammation in different brain cells and its role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Morcuende
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alicante, Spain.,Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud, Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alicante, Spain.,Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud, Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Teresa Femenia
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alicante, Spain.,Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud, Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Wang Y, Ma MT, Wang J, Han CZY, Li K, Ru QM, Li N, Liu X, Wang R. Peripheral Administration of an Opioid Peptide Analog Ameliorates Morphine-Produced Hyperalgesia in a Spared Nerve Injury Model. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Levine A, Liktor-Busa E, Lipinski AA, Couture S, Balasubramanian S, Aicher SA, Langlais PR, Vanderah TW, Largent-Milnes TM. Sex differences in the expression of the endocannabinoid system within V1M cortex and PAG of Sprague Dawley rats. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:60. [PMID: 34749819 PMCID: PMC8577021 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several chronic pain disorders, such as migraine and fibromyalgia, have an increased prevalence in the female population. The underlying mechanisms of this sex-biased prevalence have yet to be thoroughly documented, but could be related to endogenous differences in neuromodulators in pain networks, including the endocannabinoid system. The cellular endocannabinoid system comprises the endogenous lipid signals 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) and AEA (anandamide); the enzymes that synthesize and degrade them; and the cannabinoid receptors. The relative prevalence of different components of the endocannabinoid system in specific brain regions may alter responses to endogenous and exogenous ligands. METHODS Brain tissue from naïve male and estrous staged female Sprague Dawley rats was harvested from V1M cortex, periaqueductal gray, trigeminal nerve, and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Tissue was analyzed for relative levels of endocannabinoid enzymes, ligands, and receptors via mass spectrometry, unlabeled quantitative proteomic analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mass spectrometry revealed significant differences in 2-AG and AEA concentrations between males and females, as well as between female estrous cycle stages. Specifically, 2-AG concentration was lower within female PAG as compared to male PAG (*p = 0.0077); female 2-AG concentration within the PAG did not demonstrate estrous stage dependence. Immunohistochemistry followed by proteomics confirmed the prevalence of 2-AG-endocannabinoid system enzymes in the female PAG. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that sex differences exist in the endocannabinoid system in two CNS regions relevant to cortical spreading depression (V1M cortex) and descending modulatory networks in pain/anxiety (PAG). These basal differences in endogenous endocannabinoid mechanisms may facilitate the development of chronic pain conditions and may also underlie sex differences in response to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Levine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Life Sciences North Rm 621, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Erika Liktor-Busa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Life Sciences North Rm 621, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Austin A Lipinski
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Sarah Couture
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Life Sciences North Rm 621, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Shreya Balasubramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Life Sciences North Rm 621, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Sue A Aicher
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Life Sciences North Rm 621, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Life Sciences North Rm 621, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Zhang H, Lipinski AA, Liktor-Busa E, Smith AF, Moutal A, Khanna R, Langlais PR, Largent-Milnes TM, Vanderah TW. The Effects of Repeated Morphine Treatment on the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in the Ventral Tegmental Area. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632757. [PMID: 33953672 PMCID: PMC8090348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic utility of opioids is diminished by their ability to induce rewarding behaviors that may lead to opioid use disorder. Recently, the endogenous cannabinoid system has emerged as a hot topic in the study of opioid reward but relatively little is known about how repeated opioid exposure may affect the endogenous cannabinoid system in the mesolimbic reward circuitry. In the present study, we investigated how sustained morphine may modulate the endogenous cannabinoid system in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of Sprague Dawley rats, a critical region in the mesolimbic reward circuitry. Studies here using proteomic analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that the VTA expresses 32 different proteins or genes related to the endogenous cannabinoid system; three of these proteins or genes (PLCγ2, ABHD6, and CB2R) were significantly affected after repeated morphine exposure (CB2R was only detected by qRT-PCR but not proteomics). We also identified that repeated morphine treatment does not alter either anandamide (AEA) or 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels in the VTA compared to saline treatment; however, there may be diminished levels of anandamide (AEA) production in the VTA 4 h after a single morphine injection in both chronic saline and morphine pretreated cohorts. Treating the animals with an inhibitor of 2-AG degradation significantly decreased repeated opioid rewarding behavior. Taken together, our studies reveal a potential influence of sustained opioids on the endocannabinoid system in the VTA, suggesting that the endogenous cannabinoid system may participate in the opioid-induced reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Austin A. Lipinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Erika Liktor-Busa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Angela F. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tally M. Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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10
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Liu SX, Gades MS, Swain Y, Ramakrishnan A, Harris AC, Tran PV, Gewirtz JC. Repeated morphine exposure activates synaptogenesis and other neuroplasticity-related gene networks in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of male and female rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108598. [PMID: 33626484 PMCID: PMC8026706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid abuse is a chronic disorder likely involving stable neuroplastic modifications. While a number of molecules contributing to these changes have been identified, the broader spectrum of genes and gene networks that are affected by repeated opioid administration remain understudied. METHODS We employed Next-Generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation to investigate changes in gene expression and their regulation in adult male and female rats' dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) after a regimen of daily injection of morphine (5.0 mg/kg; 10 days). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze affected molecular pathways, gene networks, and associated regulatory factors. A complementary behavioral study evaluated the effects of the same morphine injection regimen on locomotor activity, pain sensitivity, and somatic withdrawal signs. RESULTS Behaviorally, repeated morphine injection induced locomotor hyperactivity and hyperalgesia in both sexes. 90 % of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in morphine-treated rats were upregulated in both males and females, with a 35 % overlap between sexes. A substantial number of DEGs play roles in synaptic signaling and neuroplasticity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed enrichment of H3 acetylation, a transcriptionally activating chromatin mark. Although broadly similar, some differences were revealed in the gene ontology networks enriched in females and males. CONCLUSIONS Our results cohere with findings from previous studies based on a priori gene selection. Our results also reveal novel genes and molecular pathways that are upregulated by repeated morphine exposure, with some common to males and females and others that are sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirelle X Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Mari S Gades
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Yayi Swain
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, United States
| | | | - Andrew C Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States; Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, United States
| | - Phu V Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Jonathan C Gewirtz
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
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11
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AM1241 alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by enhancing Pink1/Parkin-mediated autophagy. Life Sci 2021; 272:119228. [PMID: 33607150 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to reveal the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist (AM1241) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats. MAIN METHODS We established a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and H9c2 hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model. ELISA was used to determine the concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma. EB/TTC staining was performed to observe the myocardial infarct size. Besides, the pathological changes of myocardial tissue were identified via H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. TUNEL assay was performed to examine myocardial apoptosis. Then, the protein expression of Pink1, Parkin and autophagy-related markers (Beclin-1, P62 and LC3) were detected by Western blot, and autophagy was evaluated by Mitotracker staining. KEY FINDINGS The results of EB/TTC staining, H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining and cardiac enzymes measuring showed that AM1241 treatment significantly diminished infarct size, the structural abnormalities and the activities of cardiac enzymes (cTnI, CK-MB, AST and LDH). AM1241 also significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells induced by I/R in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AM1241 activated Pink1/Parkin signaling pathway and upregulated autophagy level. SIGNIFICANCE AM1241 exerts a protective effect against MIRI in rats by inducing autophagy through the activation of Pink1/Parkin pathway.
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Malik Z, Abbas M, Al Kury LT, Shah FA, Alam M, Khan AU, Nadeem H, Alghamdi S, Sahibzada MUK, Li S. Thiazolidine Derivatives Attenuate Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Pain in Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:369-384. [PMID: 33574656 PMCID: PMC7871178 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s281559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral inflammation leads to the development of persistent thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia associated with increased expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the spinal cord. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thiazolidine derivatives, 1b ([2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl](morpholin-4-yl)methanone) and 1d (2-hydroxy-4-{[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid), on thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and on IL-1β expression during carrageenan-induced inflammation in the spinal cord in mice. Inflammatory pain was induced by injecting 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw of the mice. METHODS The animals were administered thiazolidine derivatives, 1b and 1d (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg), intraperitoneally 30 minutes before carrageenan administration. The animals' behavior was evaluated by measuring thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and motor coordination. The IL-1β expression was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted to evaluate the toxicity profile of compounds. RESULTS Treatment with the thiazolidine derivative, 1b and 1d, attenuated carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia at doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg. No motor coordination deficits were observed in animals. The compounds also reduced IL-1β expression in the spinal cord of mice. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies revealed that both compounds were safe. CONCLUSION The compounds exhibit promising activity against inflammatory pain due to their ability to produce anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effects and to inhibit IL-1β expression in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkifal Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Ma C, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhang P, Liu D, Zheng X, Zhong X, Wang G. Low-dose cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist induces microglial activation in a cancer pain-morphine tolerance rat model. Life Sci 2021; 264:118635. [PMID: 33131746 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cancer pain seriously affects the life quality of patients. Morphine is commonly used for cancer pain, but tolerance development limits its clinical administration. Central immune signaling is important in the development of cancer pain and morphine tolerance. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) inhibits cancer pain and morphine tolerance by regulating central immune signaling. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of central immune signaling involved in morphine tolerance inhibition by the CB2 agonist AM1241 in cancer pain treatment. MAIN METHODS Rats were implanted with tumor cells and divided into 4 groups: Vehicle (PBS), 0.07 μg AM1241, 0.03 μg AM1241, and AM630 (10 μg) + AM1241 (0.07 μg). All groups received morphine (20 μg/day, i.t.) for 8 days. AM630 (CB2 antagonist) was intrathecally injected 30 min before AM1241, and AM1241 was intrathecally injected 30 min before morphine. The spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were collected to determine the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), microglial markers, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. KEY FINDINGS The expression of TLR4, p38 MAPK, microglial markers, IL-1β, and TNF-α was significantly higher in AM1241-pretreated groups than in the vehicle group (P < 0.05). No difference in microglial markers, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression was detected in the AM630 + AM1241 group compared with the vehicle group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that in a cancer pain-morphine tolerance model, an i.t. non-analgesic dose of AM1241 induces microglial activation and IL-1β TNF-α upregulation in SC and DRG via the CB2 receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Pinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelai Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Pain Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Iyer V, Slivicki RA, Thomaz AC, Crystal JD, Mackie K, Hohmann AG. The cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonist LY2828360 synergizes with morphine to suppress neuropathic nociception and attenuates morphine reward and physical dependence. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173544. [PMID: 32896549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The opioid crisis has underscored the urgent need to identify safe and effective therapeutic strategies to overcome opioid-induced liabilities. We recently reported that LY2828360, a slowly signaling G protein-biased cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist, suppresses neuropathic nociception and attenuates the development of tolerance to the opioid analgesic morphine in paclitaxel-treated mice. Whether beneficial effects of LY2828360 are dependent upon the presence of a pathological pain state are unknown and its impact on unwanted opioid-induced side-effects have never been investigated. Here, we asked whether LY2828360 would produce synergistic anti-allodynic effects with morphine in a paclitaxel model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and characterized its impact on opioid-induced reward and other unwanted side-effects associated with chronic opioid administration. Isobolographic analysis revealed that combinations of LY2828360 and morphine produced synergistic anti-allodynic effects in suppressing paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. In wildtype (WT) mice, LY2828360 blocked morphine-induced reward in a conditioned place preference assay without producing reward or aversion when administered alone. The LY2828360-induced attenuation of morphine-induced reward was absent in CB2 knockout (CB2KO) mice. In the absence of a neuropathic pain state, LY2828360 partially attenuated naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal in morphine-dependent WT mice, and this withdrawal was itself markedly exacerbated in CB2KO mice. Moreover, LY2828360 did not reliably alter morphine-induced slowing of colonic transit or attenuate tolerance to morphine antinociceptive efficacy in the hot plate test of acute nociception. Our results suggest that cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation enhances the therapeutic properties of opioids while attenuating unwanted side-effects such as reward and dependence that occur with sustained opioid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakh Iyer
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard A Slivicki
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ana C Thomaz
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Genome, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathon D Crystal
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Genome, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Genome, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Ma M, Wang Z, Wang J, Wei S, Cui J, Wang Y, Luo K, Zhao L, Liu X, Wang R. Endomorphin analog exhibited superiority in alleviating neuropathic hyperalgesia via weak activation of NMDA receptors. J Neurochem 2020; 155:662-678. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhaojuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Keyao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
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Vanderwall AG, Milligan ED. Cytokines in Pain: Harnessing Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Signaling for Improved Pain Management. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3009. [PMID: 31921220 PMCID: PMC6935995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pain therapeutics offer inadequate relief to patients with chronic pain. A growing literature supports that pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling between immune, glial, and neural cells is integral to the development of pathological pain. Modulation of these communications may hold the key to improved pain management. In this review we first offer an overview of the relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine signaling and pathological pain, with a focus on the actions of cytokines and chemokines in communication between glia (astrocytes and microglia), immune cells (macrophages and T cells), and neurons. These interactions will be discussed in relation to both peripheral and central nervous system locations. Several novel non-neuronal drug targets for controlling pain are emerging as highly promising, including non-viral IL-10 gene therapy, which offer the potential for substantial pain relief through localized modulation of targeted cytokine pathways. Preclinical investigation of the mechanisms underlying the success of IL-10 gene therapy revealed the unexpected discovery of the powerful anti-nociceptive anti-inflammatory properties of D-mannose, an adjuvant in the non-viral gene therapeutic formulation. This review will include gene therapeutic approaches showing the most promise in controlling pro-inflammatory signaling via increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-4, or by directly limiting the bioavailability of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, as with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by the TNF soluble receptor (TNFSR). Approaches that increase endogenous anti-inflammatory signaling may offer additional opportunities for pain therapeutic development in patients not candidates for gene therapy. Promising novel avenues discussed here include the disruption of lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) activity, antagonism at the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonism. Given the partial efficacy of current drugs, new strategies to manipulate neuroimmune and cytokine interactions hold considerable promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arden G. Vanderwall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Erin D. Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Zamberletti E, Gabaglio M, Woolley-Roberts M, Bingham S, Rubino T, Parolaro D. Cannabidivarin Treatment Ameliorates Autism-Like Behaviors and Restores Hippocampal Endocannabinoid System and Glia Alterations Induced by Prenatal Valproic Acid Exposure in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:367. [PMID: 31447649 PMCID: PMC6696797 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition whose primary features include social communication and interaction impairments with restricted or repetitive motor movements. No approved treatment for the core symptoms is available and considerable research efforts aim at identifying effective therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that altered endocannabinoid signaling and immune dysfunction might contribute to ASD pathogenesis. In this scenario, phytocannabinoids could hold great pharmacological potential due to their combined capacities to act either directly or indirectly on components of the endocannabinoid system and to modulate immune functions. Among all plant-cannabinoids, the phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin (CBDV) was recently shown to reduce motor impairments and cognitive deficits in animal models of Rett syndrome, a condition showing some degree of overlap with autism, raising the possibility that CBDV might have therapeutic potential in ASD. Here, we investigated the ability of CBDV treatment to reverse or prevent ASD-like behaviors in male rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA; 500 mg/kg i.p.; gestation day 12.5). The offspring received CBDV according to two different protocols: symptomatic (0.2/2/20/100 mg/kg i.p.; postnatal days 34–58) and preventative (2/20 mg/kg i.p.; postnatal days 19–32). The major efficacy of CBDV was observed at the dose of 20 mg/kg for both treatment schedules. CBDV in symptomatic rats recovered social impairments, social novelty preference, short-term memory deficits, repetitive behaviors and hyperlocomotion whereas preventative treatment reduced sociability and social novelty deficits, short-term memory impairments and hyperlocomotion, without affecting stereotypies. As dysregulations in the endocannabinoid system and neuroinflammatory markers contribute to the development of some ASD phenotypes in the VPA model, neurochemical studies were performed after symptomatic treatment to investigate possible CBDV’s effects on the endocannabinoid system, inflammatory markers and microglia activation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Prenatal VPA exposure increased CB1 receptor, FAAH and MAGL levels, enhanced GFAP, CD11b, and TNFα levels and triggered microglia activation restricted to the hippocampus. All these alterations were restored after CBDV treatment. These data provide preclinical evidence in support of the ability of CBDV to ameliorate behavioral abnormalities resembling core and associated symptoms of ASD. At the neurochemical level, symptomatic CBDV restores hippocampal endocannabinoid signaling and neuroinflammation induced by prenatal VPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Gabaglio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Parolaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Zardi-Gori Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Zheng Y, Yu Y, Xie K, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Wang C, Wang G, Yu Y. Electroacupuncture alleviates morphine‑induced hyperalgesia by regulating spinal CB1 receptors and ERK1/2 activity. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1113-1120. [PMID: 31173210 PMCID: PMC6625419 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA), a traditional Chinese therapeutic technique, is considered an effective method for treating certain painful neuropathies induced by various neuropathological damage. The current study investigated the effect of EA on intrathecal (IT) morphine-induced hyperalgesia (MIH) and examined the hypothesis that activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) could enhance the antinociceptive effect of EA on MIH via regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Using a rat model of IT MIH, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated by an electronic von Frey filament and hotplate at baseline (1 day before IT administration) and at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after IT administration. Rats received IT normal saline, IT morphine or IT morphine + EA at ST36-GB34. The protein levels of ERK1/2, phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 and CB1 in the spinal cord were assayed by western blotting. Furthermore, the effect of IT injection of the CB1 agonist WIN 55,212-2 and the CB1 antagonist SR141716 on the antinociceptive effect of EA in rats with MIH was investigated. Nociceptive behavior and ERK1/2, phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 and CB1 protein levels were evaluated as mentioned above. The results revealed that chronic IT injections of morphine induced a significant decrease in mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) accompanied with remarkable upregulation of p-ERK1/2 in the spinal cord, which could be attenuated by EA at the ST36-GB34 acupoints. In the rat model of MIH, IT injection of WIN 55,212-2 combined with EA induced a significant increase in MWT and TWL accompanied with a significant decrease in p-ERK1/2 and a significant increase in CB1 protein level compared with EA alone, while SR141716 induced the opposite results. The present study suggests that EA alleviates hyperalgesia induced by IT injection of morphine partially through the inhibition of ERK1/2 activation. Activation of the CB1 receptor enhances the antinociceptive effect of EA in rats with MIH partly through the regulation of the spinal CB1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Idris Z, Abbas M, Nadeem H, Khan AU. The Benzimidazole Derivatives, B1 ( N-[(1 H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)Methyl]-4-Methoxyaniline) and B8 ( N-{4-[(1 H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)Methoxy]Phenyl}Acetamide) Attenuate Morphine-Induced Paradoxical Pain in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:101. [PMID: 30809119 PMCID: PMC6379466 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being routinely used for pain management, opioid use is limited due to adverse effects such as development of tolerance and paradoxical pain, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Evidence indicates that continued morphine administration causes increased expression of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of B1 (N-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-methoxyaniline) and B8 (N-{4-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl}acetamide), benzimidazole derivatives, on thermal nociception and mechanical allodynia during repeated morphine (intraperitoneal; 5 mg/kg twice daily for 6 days)-induced paradoxical pain and TNF-α expression in the spinal cord in mice. Our data indicate that administration of benzimidazole derivatives attenuated morphine-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Benzimidazole derivatives also reduced TNF-α expression in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that benzimidazole derivatives might be useful for the treatment of neuroinflammatory consequences of continued morphine administration and could be potential drug candidates for the management of opioid-induced paradoxical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Idris
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhang M, Dong L, Zou H, Li J, Li Q, Wang G, Li H. Effects of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Agonist AM1241 on Morphine-Induced Antinociception, Acute and Chronic Tolerance, and Dependence in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:1113-1129. [PMID: 29729431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic used to alleviate moderate or severe pain, but the development of drug tolerance and dependence limits its use in pain management. Previous studies showed that cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor ligands may modulate opioid effects. However, there is no report of the effect of CB2 receptor agonist on acute morphine tolerance and physical dependence. We therefore investigated the effect of a CB2 receptor agonist (AM1241) on morphine-induced morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice. Repeated coadministration of AM1241 (1 or 3mg/kg intraperitoneally) and morphine (10mg/kg subcutaneously) for 7days increased the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold in mice as measured by the von Frey filament test, and 3mg/kg AM1241 in combination with morphine increased the thermal paw withdrawal latency as measured by the hot-plate test. Combination with 3mg/kg AM1241 and morphine increased acute morphine antinociception. Coadministration of 1 or 3mg/kg AM1241 and morphine reduced acute morphine tolerance, and 3mg/kg AM1241 reduced chronic morphine tolerance. Coadministration of 1 or 3mg/kg AM1241 and morphine reduced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping, but not diarrhea. Coadministration of AM1241 and morphine did not inhibit spontaneous locomotor activity. Pretreatment with 3mg/kg AM1241 decreased the chronic morphine-induced Iba1 expression in spinal cord. Coadministration of AM1241 (3 mg/kg) reduced the production of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 induced by long-term and acute morphine treatment. Our findings suggest that the coadministration of the CB2 receptor agonist and morphine could increase morphine antinociception and reduce morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice. PERSPECTIVE The combination of a CB2 agonist and morphine may provide a new strategy for better treatment of acute and chronic pain and prevention of opioid tolerance and dependence. This finding may also provide a clue for the treatment of opioid tolerance and dependence in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huichao Zou
- Department of Pain, Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junnan Li
- Department of Statistics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Quanyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Pain Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Experimental Rats via Inhibiting Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2789847. [PMID: 29713362 PMCID: PMC5866893 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2789847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is a common and intractable complication of diabetes. Conventional therapies are always not ideal; development of novel drugs is still needed to achieve better pain relief. Recent evidences have demonstrated that inflammation is involved in the onset and maintenance of DPNP. The anti-inflammatory property of Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) makes it a promising candidate to block or alter the pain perception. This study was conducted to investigate whether TIIA could attenuate DPNP in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced rats model and its potential mechanisms. TIIA was administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 40 mg/kg once a day for 3 weeks. The effects of TIIA on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were investigated using behavioral tests. The mRNA level and expression of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, interleukin- (IL-) 6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and interleukin- (IL-) 10 in the fourth to sixth segments of the dorsal root ganglion (L4–6 DRG) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. TIIA treatment significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic rats. In addition, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was inhibited, and the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by TIIA. This study demonstrated that TIIA has significant antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects in a rat model of STZ-induced DPNP, and the effect may be associated with its anti-inflammation property.
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Lin X, Dhopeshwarkar AS, Huibregtse M, Mackie K, Hohmann AG. Slowly Signaling G Protein-Biased CB 2 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist LY2828360 Suppresses Neuropathic Pain with Sustained Efficacy and Attenuates Morphine Tolerance and Dependence. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 93:49-62. [PMID: 29192123 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CB2 cannabinoid agonist LY2828360 lacked both toxicity and efficacy in a clinical trial for osteoarthritis. Whether LY2828360 suppresses neuropathic pain has not been reported, and its signaling profile is unknown. In vitro, LY2828360 was a slowly acting but efficacious G protein-biased CB2 agonist, inhibiting cAMP accumulation and activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling while failing to recruit arrestin, activate inositol phosphate signaling, or internalize CB2 receptors. In wild-type (WT) mice, LY2828360 (3 mg/kg per day i.p. × 12 days) suppressed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain produced by paclitaxel without producing tolerance. Antiallodynic efficacy of LY2828360 was absent in CB2 knockout (KO) mice. Morphine (10 mg/kg per day i.p. × 12 days) tolerance developed in CB2KO mice but not in WT mice with a history of LY2828360 treatment (3 mg/kg per day i.p. × 12 days). LY2828360-induced antiallodynic efficacy was preserved in WT mice previously rendered tolerant to morphine (10 mg/kg per day i.p. × 12 days), but it was absent in morphine-tolerant CB2KO mice. Coadministration of LY2828360 (0.1 mg/kg per day i.p. × 12 days) with morphine (10 mg/kg per day × 12 days) blocked morphine tolerance in WT but not in CB2KO mice. WT mice that received LY2828360 coadministered with morphine exhibited a trend (P = 0.055) toward fewer naloxone-precipitated jumps compared with CB2KO mice. In conclusion, LY2828360 is a slowly signaling, G protein-biased CB2 agonist that attenuates chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain without producing tolerance and may prolong effective opioid analgesia while reducing opioid dependence. LY2828360 may be useful as a first-line treatment in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and may be highly efficacious in neuropathic pain states that are refractive to opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lin
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (X.L., A.S.D., M.H., K.M., A.G.H.), Program in Neuroscience (K.M., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (K.M., A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Amey S Dhopeshwarkar
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (X.L., A.S.D., M.H., K.M., A.G.H.), Program in Neuroscience (K.M., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (K.M., A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Megan Huibregtse
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (X.L., A.S.D., M.H., K.M., A.G.H.), Program in Neuroscience (K.M., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (K.M., A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ken Mackie
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (X.L., A.S.D., M.H., K.M., A.G.H.), Program in Neuroscience (K.M., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (K.M., A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (X.L., A.S.D., M.H., K.M., A.G.H.), Program in Neuroscience (K.M., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (K.M., A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Zhang M, Chi M, Zou H, Tian S, Zhang Z, Wang G. Effects of coadministration of low dose cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist and morphine on vanilloid receptor 1 expression in a rat model of cancer pain. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7025-7031. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Popiolek-Barczyk K, Piotrowska A, Makuch W, Mika J. Biphalin, a Dimeric Enkephalin, Alleviates LPS-Induced Activation in Rat Primary Microglial Cultures in Opioid Receptor-Dependent and Receptor-Independent Manners. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:3829472. [PMID: 28573049 PMCID: PMC5442438 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3829472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is relatively less responsive to opioids than other types of pain, which is possibly due to a disrupted opioid system partially caused by the profound microglial cell activation that underlines neuroinflammation. We demonstrated that intrathecally injected biphalin, a dimeric enkephalin analog, diminished symptoms of neuropathy in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain in rats (CCI, chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve) at day 12 postinjury. Using primary microglial cell cultures, we revealed that biphalin did not influence cell viability but diminished NO production and expression of Iba1 in LPS-stimulated cells. Biphalin also diminished MOP receptor level, as well as pronociceptive mediators (iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-18) in an opioid receptor-dependent manner, and it was correlated with diminished p-NF-κB, p-IκB, p-p38MAPK, and TRIF levels. Biphalin reduced IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, p-STAT3, and p-ERK1/2 and upregulated SOCS3, TLR4, and MyD88; however, this effect was not reversed by naloxone pretreatment. Our study provides evidence that biphalin diminishes neuropathy symptoms, which might be partially related to reduced pronociceptive mediators released by activated microglia. Biphalin may be a putative drug for future pain therapy, especially for the treatment of neuropathic pain, when the lower analgesic effects of morphine are correlated with profound microglial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Zhang M, Wang K, Ma M, Tian S, Wei N, Wang G. Low-Dose Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Agonist Attenuates Tolerance to Repeated Morphine Administration via Regulating μ-Opioid Receptor Expression in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats. Anesth Analg 2016; 122:1031-7. [PMID: 26720619 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphine is widely used in patients with moderate and severe cancer pain, whereas the development of drug tolerance remains a major problem associated with opioid use. Previous studies have shown that cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonists induce morphine analgesia, attenuate morphine tolerance in normal and neuropathic pain animals, induce transcription of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) gene in Jurkat T cells, and increase morphine analgesia in cancer pain animals. However, no studies of the effects of CB2 receptor agonists on morphine tolerance in cancer pain have been performed. Therefore, we investigated the effect of repeated intrathecal (IT) injection of the low-dose CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 on the development of morphine tolerance in walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. We also tested the influence of the CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 on MOR protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). METHODS Walker 256 cells were implanted into the plantar region of each rat's right hindpaw. Tumor-bearing rats received IT injection of the CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 or antagonist AM630 with or without morphine subcutaneously twice daily for 8 days. Rats receiving drug vehicle only served as the control group. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and thermal paw withdrawal latency were assessed by a von Frey test and hot plate test 30 minutes after drug administration every day. MOR protein and mRNA expression in the spinal cord and DRG were detected after the last day (day 8) of drug administration via Western blot and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed via analysis of variance followed by Student t test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Repeated morphine treatments reduced the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal latency. Coadministration of a nonanalgetic dose of the CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 with morphine significantly inhibited the development of morphine tolerance and increased the MOR protein expression in the spinal cord and DRG and mRNA expression in the spinal cord in tumor-bearing rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that IT injection of a nonanalgetic dose of a CB2 receptor agonist increased the analgesia effect and alleviated tolerance to morphine in tumor-bearing rats, potentially by regulating MOR expression in the spinal cord and DRG. This receptor may be a new target for prevention of the development of opioid tolerance in cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhang
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; †Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and ‡Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Pain Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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Kattalai Kailasam V, Anand P, Melyan Z. Establishing an animal model for National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) auricular acupuncture protocol. Neurosci Lett 2016; 624:29-33. [PMID: 27155456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain has increased dramatically in the past few decades making them one of the most commonly prescribed medications in the US. However, long-term use of opioids is limited by development of tolerance (decreased antinociceptive efficacy) and opioid-induced hyperalgesia - paradoxical sensitization to noxious (hyperalgesia) and non-noxious (allodynia) stimuli. Novel adjunctive therapies are needed to increase the efficacy and prolong the duration of action of opioids in chronic pain treatment. Acupuncture is often used as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of symptoms induced by non-clinical use of opioids. The National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) auricular acupuncture protocol is the most common form of acupuncture treatment for substance abuse. The standardized, easy to use and virtually painless procedure make it an attractive complementary treatment option for patients suffering from opioid-induced adverse effects. Clinical trials designed to test the efficacy of the NADA protocol yielded contradictory results. The mechanism by which NADA acupuncture could serve as a successful treatment remains unknown. Therefore, establishing an animal model of NADA acupuncture can provide a tool for investigating the efficacy and cellular mechanisms of NADA treatment. Previous studies have shown that repeated morphine administration in rodents can produce locomotor sensitization and reduce analgesic potency of a challenge dose of morphine, indicating development of morphine tolerance. Here we show that NADA acupuncture treatment can both reduce morphine-induced locomotor sensitization and prevent the development of morphine tolerance in rats, thus validating a new model for NADA acupuncture studies. Our data provides support for evidence-based use of NADA acupuncture as a new adjunctive approach that can potentially improve the side-effect profile of morphine and other prescription opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Kattalai Kailasam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Preeti Anand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zara Melyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Mercadante S, Bruera E. Opioid switching in cancer pain: From the beginning to nowadays. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 99:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Time-Dependent Protection of CB2 Receptor Agonist in Stroke. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132487. [PMID: 26186541 PMCID: PMC4505877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) agonists reduce neurodegeneration after brain injury through anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the time-dependent interaction of CB2R and inflammation in stroke brain. Adult male rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). CB2R mRNA expression was significantly elevated >20 fold on day 2, peaked >40-fold on day 5, and normalized on day 10 post-stroke. Inflammatory markers IBA1 and TLR4 were significantly upregulated 15 fold until day 5 after MCAo. Because of the delayed upregulation of CB2R and IBA1, we next treated animals daily with CB2R agonist AM1241 or anti-inflammatory PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone from 2 to 5 days after MCAo. Delayed treatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced abnormal neurological scores and body asymmetry as well as brain infarction in stroke animals. No behavioral improvement or reduction in brain infarction was found in animals receiving AM1241. Pioglitazone, but not AM1241, significantly reduced IBA1 expression in the stroke cortex, suggesting that delayed treatment with AM1241 failed to alter ischemia-mediated IBA-1 upregulation. In contrast, pretreatment with AM1241 significantly reduced brain infarction and neurological deficits. In conclusion, our data support a time-dependent neuroprotection of CB2 agonist in an animal model of stroke. Delayed post- treatment with PPAR-γ agonist induced behavioral recovery and microglial suppression; early treatment with CB2R agonist suppressed neurodegeneration in stroke animals.
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Grace PM, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Opioid-induced central immune signaling: implications for opioid analgesia. Headache 2015; 55:475-89. [PMID: 25833219 DOI: 10.1111/head.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the mainstay of pain management, opioids are limited in their clinical utility by adverse effects, such as tolerance and paradoxical hyperalgesia. Research of the past 15 years has extended beyond neurons, to implicate central nervous system immune signaling in these adverse effects. This article will provide an overview of these central immune mechanisms in opioid tolerance and paradoxical hyperalgesia, including those mediated by Toll-like receptor 4, purinergic, ceramide, and chemokine signaling. Challenges for the future, as well as new lines of investigation will be highlighted.
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Davis MP. Cannabinoids in pain management: CB1, CB2 and non-classic receptor ligands. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1123-40. [PMID: 24836296 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.918603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commercially available cannabinoids are subject to psychotomimetic and addiction (cannabinomimetic) adverse effects largely through activation of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1r). The available commercial cannabinoids have a narrow therapeutic index. Recently developed peripherally restricted cannabinoids, regionally administered cannabinoids, bifunctional cannabinoid ligands and cannabinoid enzyme inhibitors, endocannabinoids, which do not interact with classic cannabinoid receptors (CB1r and CB2r), cannabinoid receptor antagonists and selective CB1r agonists hold promise as analgesics. AREAS COVERED This author provides a review of the current investigational cannabinoids currently in development for pain management. The author also provides their perspective on the future of the field. EXPERT OPINION Regional and peripherally restricted cannabinoids will reduce cannabinomimetic side effects. Spinal cannabinoids may increase the therapeutic index by limiting the dose necessary for response and minimize drugs exposure to supraspinal sites where cannabinomimetic side effects originate. Cannabinoid bifunctional ligands should be further explored. The combination of a CB2r agonist with a transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV-1) antagonist may improve the therapeutic index of the CB2r agonist. Enzyme inhibitors plus TRPV-1 blockers should be further explored. The development of analgesic tolerance with enzyme inhibitors and the pronociceptive effects of prostamides limit the benefits to cannabinoid hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitors. Most clinically productive development of cannabinoids over the next 5 years will be in the area of selective CB2r agonists. These agents will be tested in various inflammatory, osteoarthritis and neuropathic pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P Davis
- The Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Department of Solid Tumor Oncology , 9500 Euclid Avenue R35, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA +1 216 445 4622 ; +1 216 636 3179 ;
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Harada S, Nakamoto K, Tokuyama S. The involvement of midbrain astrocyte in the development of morphine tolerance. Life Sci 2013; 93:573-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pertwee RG. Targeting the endocannabinoid system with cannabinoid receptor agonists: pharmacological strategies and therapeutic possibilities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:3353-63. [PMID: 23108552 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tissues express cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors that can be activated by endogenously released 'endocannabinoids' or exogenously administered compounds in a manner that reduces the symptoms or opposes the underlying causes of several disorders in need of effective therapy. Three medicines that activate cannabinoid CB(1)/CB(2) receptors are now in the clinic: Cesamet (nabilone), Marinol (dronabinol; Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC)) and Sativex (Δ(9)-THC with cannabidiol). These can be prescribed for the amelioration of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (Cesamet and Marinol), stimulation of appetite (Marinol) and symptomatic relief of cancer pain and/or management of neuropathic pain and spasticity in adults with multiple sclerosis (Sativex). This review mentions several possible additional therapeutic targets for cannabinoid receptor agonists. These include other kinds of pain, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, cancer, drug dependence, glaucoma, autoimmune uveitis, osteoporosis, sepsis, and hepatic, renal, intestinal and cardiovascular disorders. It also describes potential strategies for improving the efficacy and/or benefit-to-risk ratio of these agonists in the clinic. These are strategies that involve (i) targeting cannabinoid receptors located outside the blood-brain barrier, (ii) targeting cannabinoid receptors expressed by a particular tissue, (iii) targeting upregulated cannabinoid receptors, (iv) selectively targeting cannabinoid CB(2) receptors, and/or (v) adjunctive 'multi-targeting'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu DB, Liu HY, Hou WG, Dong YS. Curcumin attenuates diabetic neuropathic pain by downregulating TNF-α in a rat model. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:377-81. [PMID: 23471081 PMCID: PMC3590595 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in diabetic neuropathic pain are complex and involve peripheral and central pathophysiological phenomena. Proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and TNF-α receptor 1, which are markers of inflammation, contribute to neuropathic pain. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on diabetic pain in rats. We tested 24 rats with diabetes induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and 24 healthy control rats. Twelve rats in each group received 60 mg/kg oral curcumin daily for 28 days, and the other 12 received vehicle. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28, we tested mechanical allodynia with von Frey hairs and thermal hyperalgesia with radiant heat. Markers of inflammation in the spinal cord dorsal horn on day 28 were estimated with a commercial assay and Western blot analysis. Compared to control rats, diabetic rats exhibited increased mean plasma glucose concentration, decreased mean body weight, and significant pain hypersensitivity, as evidenced by decreased paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey hairs and decreased paw withdrawal latency to heat. Curcumin significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia and reduced the expression of both TNF-α and TNF-α receptor 1. Curcumin seems to relieve diabetic hyperalgesia, possibly through an inhibitory action on TNF-α and TNF-α receptor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of air logistics, the 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110042, PR China
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Niu Z, Ma J, Chu H, Zhao Y, Feng W, Cheng Y. Melanocortin 4 receptor antagonists attenuates morphine antinociceptive tolerance, astroglial activation and cytokines expression in the spinal cord of rat. Neurosci Lett 2012; 529:112-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Loram LC, Grace PM, Strand KA, Taylor FR, Ellis A, Berkelhammer D, Bowlin M, Skarda B, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Prior exposure to repeated morphine potentiates mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral inflammation and neuropathy. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:1256-64. [PMID: 22902523 PMCID: PMC3491069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids, such as morphine, induce potent analgesia and are the gold standard for the treatment of acute pain. However, opioids also activate glia, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, which counter-regulates the analgesic properties of classical opioid receptor activation. It is not known how long these adverse pro-inflammatory effects last or whether prior morphine could sensitize the central nervous system (CNS) such that responses to a subsequent injury/inflammation would be exacerbated. Here, multiple models of inflammation or injury were induced two days after morphine (5mg/kg b.i.d., five days , s.c.) to test the generality of morphine sensitization of later pain. Prior repeated morphine potentiated the duration of allodynia from peripheral inflammatory challenges (complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into either hind paw skin or masseter muscle) and from peripheral neuropathy (mild chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve). Spinal cord and trigeminal nucleus caudalis mRNAs were analyzed to identify whether repeated morphine was sufficient to alter CNS expression of pro-inflammatory response genes, measured two days after cessation of treatment. Prior morphine elevated IL-1β mRNA at both sites, MHC-II and TLR4 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis but not spinal cord, but not glial activation markers at either site. Finally, in order to identify whether morphine sensitized pro-inflammatory cytokine release, spinal cord was isolated two days after morphine dosing for five days , and slices stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide. The morphine significantly induced TNFα protein release. Therefore, repeated morphine is able to sensitize subsequent CNS responses to immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Loram
- Corresponding author: Lisa Loram, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UCB 345, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309 USA, , Fax: 303-492-2967, Phone: 720-224-2860
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