1
|
Zhang X, Chen F, Sun M, Wu N, Liu B, Yi X, Ge R, Fan X. Microglia in the context of multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1157287. [PMID: 37360338 PMCID: PMC10287974 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1157287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that commonly results in nontraumatic disability in young adults. The characteristic pathological hallmark of MS is damage to myelin, oligodendrocytes, and axons. Microglia provide continuous surveillance in the CNS microenvironment and initiate defensive mechanisms to protect CNS tissue. Additionally, microglia participate in neurogenesis, synaptic refinement, and myelin pruning through the expression and release of different signaling factors. Continuous activation of microglia has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. We first review the lifetime of microglia, including the origin, differentiation, development, and function of microglia. We then discuss microglia participate in the whole processes of remyelination and demyelination, microglial phenotypes in MS, and the NF-κB/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in microglia. The damage to regulatory signaling pathways may change the homeostasis of microglia, which would accelerate the progression of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Yi
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Ruli Ge
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xueli Fan
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cossu D, Yokoyama K, Sato S, Noda S, Sakanishi T, Sechi LA, Hattori N. Age related immune modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PINK1 knockout mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1036680. [PMID: 36466826 PMCID: PMC9714542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research has shown that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, modulates peripheral immune cells-mediated immunity during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Because the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) protein acts upstream of Parkin in a common mitochondrial quality control pathway, we hypothesized that the systemic deletion of PINK1 could also modify the clinical course of EAE, altering the peripheral and central nervous systems' immune responses. METHODS EAE was induced in female PINK1-/- mice of different age groups by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide. RESULTS Compared to young wild-type controls, PINK1-/- mice showed earlier disease onset, albeit with a slightly less severe disease, while adult PINK1-/- mice displayed early onset and more severe acute symptoms than controls, showing persistent disease during the recovery phase. In adult mice, EAE severity was associated with significant increases in frequency of dendritic cells (CD11C+, IAIE+), lymphocytes (CD8+), neutrophils (Ly6G+, CD11b+), and a dysregulated cytokine profile in spleen. Furthermore, a massive macrophage (CD68+) infiltration and microglia (TMEM119+) and astrocyte (GFAP+) activation were detected in the spinal cord of adult PINK1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS PINK1 plays an age-related role in modulating the peripheral inflammatory response during EAE, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and other associated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Shigeto Sato
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Noda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Emami Kazemabad MJ, Asgari Toni S, Tizro N, Dadkhah PA, Amani H, Akhavan Rezayat S, Sheikh Z, Mohammadi M, Alijanzadeh D, Alimohammadi F, Shahrokhi M, Erabi G, Noroozi M, Karimi MA, Honari S, Deravi N. Pharmacotherapeutic potential of pomegranate in age-related neurological disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:955735. [PMID: 36118710 PMCID: PMC9476556 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.955735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders [AND] include neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD] and Parkinson's disease [PD], which are the most prevalent types of dementia in the elderly. It also includes other illnesses such as migraine and epilepsy. ANDs are multifactorial, but aging is their major risk factor. The most frequent and vital pathological features of AND are oxidative stress, inflammation, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. As AND brain damage is a significant public health burden and its incidence is increasing, much has been done to overcome it. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the polyphenol-rich fruits that is widely mentioned in medical folklore. Pomegranate is commonly used to treat common disorders such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, wound healing, bleeding, dysentery, acidosis, microbial infections, infectious and noninfectious respiratory diseases, and neurological disorders. In the current review article, we aimed to summarize the data on the pharmacotherapeutic potentials of pomegranate in ANDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Asgari Toni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Tizro
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parisa Alsadat Dadkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Amani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Akhavan Rezayat
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Dorsa Alijanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoud Noroozi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Honari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rojo JM, Montes-Casado M, Aragoneses-Fenoll L, Ojeda G, Dianzani U, Portolés P. PI3-Kinase p110α Deficiency Modulates T Cell Homeostasis and Function and Attenuates Experimental Allergic Encephalitis in Mature Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168698. [PMID: 34445401 PMCID: PMC8395417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are involved in the development of normal and autoimmune responses, including Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for human multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, the role of the ubiquitously expressed class IA PI3K p110α catalytic subunits in EAE has been analyzed using a model of Cre/flox mediated T cell specific deletion of p110α catalytic chain (p110αΔT). Comparison of two month-old (young) and six month-old (mature) p110αΔT mice and their wild type (WT) counterparts indicated loss of spleen CD4+ T cells that increased with age, indicating a role of p110α in their homeostasis. In contrast, CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells were enhanced in mature p110αΔT mice when compared to WT mice. Since Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) peptide-induced EAE is dependent on, or mediated by CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T cell-derived cytokines and controlled by Treg cells, development of EAE in young and mature WT or p110αΔT mice was analyzed. EAE clinical symptoms and disease scores in six month p110αΔT mice were significantly lower than those of mature WT, or young WT and p110αΔT mice. Furthermore, ex vivo antigen activation of lymph node cells from MOG immunized mature p110αΔT mice induced significantly lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A than young p110αΔT or young and mature WT mice. Other cytokines including IL-2, IL-10 or TNF-α showed no significant differences between p110αΔT and WT mature mice. Our data show a lower incidence of MOG-induced EAE in mature p110αΔT mice linked to altered T cell homeostasis and lower secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rojo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - María Montes-Casado
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
| | - Laura Aragoneses-Fenoll
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
| | - Gloria Ojeda
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Pilar Portolés
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (L.A.-F.); (G.O.)
- Presidencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dema M, Eixarch H, Villar LM, Montalban X, Espejo C. Immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis: the identification of new therapeutic targets. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102893. [PMID: 34237417 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The number of elderly multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is growing, mainly due to the increase in the life expectancy of the general population and the availability of effective disease-modifying treatments. However, current treatments reduce the frequency of relapses and slow the progression of the disease, but they cannot stop the disability accumulation associated with disease progression. One possible explanation is the impact of immunosenescence, which is associated with the accumulation of unusual immune cell subsets that are thought to have a role in the development of an early ageing process in autoimmunity. Here, we provide a recent overview of how senescence affects immune cell function and how it is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, particularly MS. Numerous studies have demonstrated age-related immune changes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models, and the premature onset of immunosenescence has been demonstrated in MS patients. Therefore, potential therapeutic strategies based on rejuvenating the immune system have been proposed. Senolytics and regenerative strategies using haematopoietic stem cells, therapies based on rejuvenating oligodendrocyte precursor cells, microglia and monocytes, thymus cells and senescent B and T cells are capable of reversing the process of immunosenescence and could have a beneficial impact on the progression of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Dema
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Spain.
| | - Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Spain.
| | - Luisa M Villar
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Spain.
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Animal models with high translational validity are essential tools in understanding disease pathogenesis and in the development of therapeutic strategies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive neurological deficits and socioeconomic burden. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most extensively utilized animal model of MS, with well-characterized rodent and non-human primate variants. The EAE model is typically induced by either active immunization with myelin-derived proteins or peptides in adjuvant or by passive transfer of activated myelin-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. To date, the EAE model has been an essential tool in the development of at least seven U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment of MS, including glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, and natalizumab. However, the translational validity of the EAE model is frequently compromised due to poor study design, inconsistent clinical scoring endpoints, and inappropriate statistical calculations. No single animal model accurately reflects the complexity of human MS pathogenesis. Beyond EAE, multiple additional animal models are described, including Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus and cuprizone-induced demyelination, which facilitate the study of pathogen-induced CNS autoimmunity and remyelination, respectively. This overview summarizes several of the most frequently used animal models of MS and highlights key factors that significantly influence the experimental outcome and affect translational validity. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smith
- Incyte Research Institute, Wilmington, Delaware
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ribeiro AR, Barros C, Barateiro A, Howlett SE, Fernandes A. Improved assessment of overall health in variably aged murine models of Multiple Sclerosis with a novel frailty index tool. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:1-9. [PMID: 34181005 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model is the most commonly used animal model of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, phenotypic characterization of mice based on the traditional 5-point clinical paralysis scale does not fully capture disease progression. The frailty index (FI) conceptualizes frailty as the accumulation of health deficits and it is widely used to assess overall health in aging humans and pre-clinical models. Here we adapted an established mouse FI tool for use in EAE mice and determined whether this could evaluate general signs of health in variably aged female EAE mice. The EAE-Clinical FI included 34 items related to clinical signs and deficits characteristic of aging and MS. This tool clearly showed more detailed EAE progression and severity at all ages, highlighting changes in systems other than motor paralysis measured with the traditional 5-point paralysis scale. When we induced disease at 3- and 6-months-of-age, mice showed typical EAE clinical manifestations with peak disease severity between 17-19 days post-induction and mean frailty scores of 0.36 ± 0.04 (3-month-old) and 0.43 ± 0.05 (6-month-old). By contrast, disease severity peaked after 14 days in 12-month-old mice. They showed atypical signs including wobbling, early belly drag, and splayed hindlegs that were better captured with the EAE-Clinical FI. Peak frailty scores also were higher than those of younger animals (0.54 ± 0.04). As MS most often develops in young to middle-aged people, this new tool may have significant value for use in EAE animal studies as first step towards translation to people with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Barros
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee SH, Lee G, Seo JE, Hasan M, Kwon OS, Jung BH. Employing metabolomic approaches to determine the influence of age on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mol Immunol 2021; 135:84-94. [PMID: 33873097 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role not only in homeostasis of the body but also in pathogenesis. Autoimmunity and dysregulation of the immune balance are closely related to age. To examine the influence of age on autoimmunity, the pathophysiological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced at different ages were elucidated on the basis of plasma-level metabolic changes. In the present study, female 6 week-old (6 W) and 15 month-old (15 M) C57BL/6 mice were immunized for EAE induction. The plasma and tissue samples were collected to determine the phenotypic characteristics. The activity of NADPH oxidase in plasma and the IL-6 concentrations in the brain and spinal cord were higher in both EAE groups compared to those in the control groups as well as in the 15 M EAE (15 M-E) group compared to those in the 6 W EAE (6 W-E) group. The metabolomic profiles related to characteristics of EAE were characterized by the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and the metabolism of tryptophan, tyrosine and sphingolipid. The reduced availability of unsaturated fatty acids and perturbations in tryptophan metabolism were high risk factors for EAE development regardless of age. The changes in tyrosine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolites were more dramatic in the 15 M-E group. From these findings, it can be concluded that changes in unsaturated fatty acid and tryptophan metabolism contributed to the development of EAE, whereas changes in sphingolipid and tyrosine metabolism, which corresponded to age, were additional risk factors that influenced the incidence and severity of EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Lee
- Department of Medical Records and Health Information Management, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, 56 Kongjudaehakro, Kongju, Chungnam, 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gakyung Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST-School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Seo
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahbub Hasan
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST-School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST-School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Natural killer cells as participants in pathogenesis of rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): lessons from research on rats with distinct age and strain. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 44:337-356. [PMID: 32140045 PMCID: PMC7050050 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, influencing dendritic cell (DC)-mediated CD4+ lymphocyte priming in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and controlling spinal cord (SC) infiltration with encephalitogenic CD4+T lymphocytes, modulate EAE (multiple sclerosis model). This study examined their putative contribution to age-related differences in EAE development in Dark Agouti (DA) (exhibiting age-related decrease in EAE susceptibility) and Albino Oxford (AO) (becoming susceptible to EAE with aging) rats. Aging increased NK cell number in dLNs from rats of both strains. In AO rats, but not in DA ones, it also increased the numbers of IFN-γ-producing NK cells (important for DC activation) and activated/matured DCs, thereby increasing activated/matured DC/conventional Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio and activated CD25+Foxp3-CD4+ cell number. Aging in DA rats diminished activated/matured DC/conventional Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio and activated Foxp3-CD4+ cell number. However, MBP-stimulated CD4+ cell proliferation did not differ in dLN cell cultures from young and aged AO rats (as more favorable activated/matured DC/Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio was abrogated by lower intrinsic CD4+ cell proliferative capacity and a greater regulatory CD25+Foxp3+CD4+ lymphocyte frequency), but was lower in those from aged compared with young DA rats. At SC level, aging shifted Foxp3-CD4+/cytotoxic CX3CR1+ NK cell ratio towards the former in AO rats, so it was less favorable in aged AO rats exhibiting prolonged neurological deficit compared with their DA counterparts. The study showed strain and age differences in number of IFN-γ-producing NK cells in EAE rat dLNs, and suggested that their pathogenetic relevance depends on frequency and/or activity of other cells involved in CD4+ T cell (auto)immune response.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mayne K, White JA, McMurran CE, Rivera FJ, de la Fuente AG. Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease: Is the Adaptive Immune System a Friend or Foe? Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:572090. [PMID: 33173502 PMCID: PMC7538701 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by progressive neuronal death and neurological dysfunction, leading to increased disability and a loss of cognitive or motor functions. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have neurodegeneration as a primary feature. However, in other CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, neurodegeneration follows another insult, such as demyelination or ischaemia. Although there are different primary causes to these diseases, they all share a hallmark of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation can occur through the activation of resident immune cells such as microglia, cells of the innate and adaptive peripheral immune system, meningeal inflammation and autoantibodies directed toward components of the CNS. Despite chronic inflammation being pathogenic in these diseases, local inflammation after insult can also promote endogenous regenerative processes in the CNS, which are key to slowing disease progression. The normal aging process in the healthy brain is associated with a decline in physiological function, a steady increase in levels of neuroinflammation, brain shrinkage, and memory deficits. Likewise, aging is also a key contributor to the progression and exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases. As there are associated co-morbidities within an aging population, pinpointing the precise relationship between aging and neurodegenerative disease progression can be a challenge. The CNS has historically been considered an isolated, "immune privileged" site, however, there is mounting evidence that adaptive immune cells are present in the CNS of both healthy individuals and diseased patients. Adaptive immune cells have also been implicated in both the degeneration and regeneration of the CNS. In this review, we will discuss the key role of the adaptive immune system in CNS degeneration and regeneration, with a focus on how aging influences this crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Mayne
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A. White
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francisco J. Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alerie G. de la Fuente
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alerie G. de la Fuente,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee G, Hasan M, Kwon OS, Jung BH. Identification of Altered Metabolic Pathways during Disease Progression in EAE Mice via Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Neuroscience 2019; 416:74-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
Doğan HO, Yildiz ÖK. Serum NADPH oxidase concentrations and the associations with iron metabolism in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:39-43. [PMID: 31345363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired iron metabolism are considered to be possible factors in the pathogenesis of Multiple sclerosis (MS). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are the primary sources of regulated ROS production. The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family consists of seven catalytic homologues, NOX1-5 and two dual oxidases. NOX1 and NOX5 are associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation but NOX4 has a protective effect on vascular function. The aims of this study were to investigate the status of NOX1, NOX4 and NOX5 and its relationship with serum iron metabolism biomarkers in relapsing-remitting MS patients. METHODS The study included 53 RRMS patients and 45 control subjects. Serum NOX1,4,5, ferritin, iron, unbound-iron binding capacity, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood count (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels were measured in all the study subjects. RESULTS Higher serum NOX5 (p < 0.0001), CRP (p = 0.014), ferritin (p = 0.040) and lower serum NOX4 (p < 0.0001) and iron (p = 0.013) concentrations were found in the patients than in controls. No correlation was found between NOXs, CRP, WBC, ESR and iron metabolism biomarkers in patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that increased NOX5 expression and decreased levels of NOX4 might be related with oxidative stress related vascular changes in MS patients. These findings provide future opportunities to combat MS with separately target individual NOX isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halef Okan Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Kayim Yildiz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khan MM, Xiao J, Patel D, LeDoux MS. DNA damage and neurodegenerative phenotypes in aged Ciz1 null mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 62:180-190. [PMID: 29154038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cycle dysfunction and faulty DNA repair are closely intertwined pathobiological processes that may contribute to several neurodegenerative disorders. CDKN1A interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) plays a critical role in DNA replication and cell-cycle progression at the G1/S checkpoint. Germline or somatic variants in CIZ1 have been linked to several neural and extra-neural diseases. Recently, we showed that germline knockout of Ciz1 is associated with motor and hematological abnormalities in young adult mice. However, the effects of CIZ1 deficiency in much older mice may be more relevant to understanding age-related declines in cognitive and motor functioning and age-related neurologic disorders such as isolated dystonia and Alzheimer disease. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Ciz1-/- mice showed abnormal sensitivity to the effects of γ-irradiation with persistent DNA breaks, aberrant cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis. Aged (18-month-old) Ciz1-/- mice exhibited marked deficits in motor and cognitive functioning, and, in brain tissues, overt DNA damage, NF-κB upregulation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and cell death. These findings indicate that the deleterious effects of CIZ1 deficiency become more pronounced with aging and suggest that defects of cell-cycle control and associated DNA repair pathways in postmitotic neurons could contribute to global neurologic decline in elderly human populations. Accordingly, the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint and associated DNA repair pathways may be targets for the prevention and treatment of age-related neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Damini Patel
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The influence and impact of ageing and immunosenescence (ISC) on adaptive immunity during multiple sclerosis (MS) and the animal counterpart experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:64-81. [PMID: 29101043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human ageing process encompasses mechanisms that effect a decline in homeostasis with increased susceptibility to disease and the development of chronic life-threatening illness. Increasing age affects the immune system which undergoes a progressive loss of efficiency, termed immunosenescence (ISC), to impact on quantitative and functional aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. The human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) and the corresponding animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are strongly governed by immunological events that primarily involve the adaptive arm of the immune response. MS and EAE are frequently characterised by a chronic pathology and a protracted disease course which thereby creates the potential for exposure to the inherent, on-going effects and consequences of ISC. Collective evidence is presented to confirm the occurrence of established and unendorsed biological markers of ISC during the development of both diseases. Moreover, results are discussed from studies during the course of MS and EAE that reveal a premature upregulation of ISC-related biomarkers which indicates untimely alterations to the adaptive immune system. The effects of ISC and a prematurely aged immune system on autoimmune-associated neurodegenerative conditions such as MS and EAE are largely unknown but current evaluation of data justifies and encourages further investigation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu Z, Ni J, Liu Y, Teeling JL, Takayama F, Collcutt A, Ibbett P, Nakanishi H. Cathepsin B plays a critical role in inducing Alzheimer's disease-like phenotypes following chronic systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:350-361. [PMID: 28610747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of clinical and experimental studies have revealed a strong association between periodontitis and accelerated cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the mechanism of the association is unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cathepsin (Cat) B plays a critical role in the initiation of neuroinflammation and neural dysfunction following chronic systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgLPS) in mice (1mg/kg, daily, intraperitoneally). Young (2months old) and middle-aged (12months old) wild-type (WT; C57BL/6N) or CatB-deficient (CatB-/-) mice were exposed to PgLPS daily for 5 consecutive weeks. The learning and memory function were assessed using the passive avoidance test, and the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), CatB, TLR2 and IL-1β was analyzed in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We found that chronic systemic exposure to PgLPS for five consecutive weeks induced learning and memory deficits with the intracellular accumulation of Aβ in neurons in the middle-aged WT mice, but not in young WT or middle-aged CatB-/- mice. PgLPS significantly increased the expression of CatB in both microglia and neurons in middle-aged WT mice, while increased expression of mature IL-1β and TLR2 was restricted to microglia in the hippocampus of middle-aged WT mice, but not in that of the middle-aged CatB-/- ones. In in vitro studies, PgLPS (1µg/ml) stimulation upregulated the mean mRNA expression of IL-1β, TLR2 and downregulated the protein levels of IκBα in the cultured MG6 microglia as well as in the primary microglia from WT mice, which were significantly inhibited by the CatB-specific inhibitor CA-074Me as well as by the primary microglia from CatB-/- mice. Furthermore, the mean mRNA expression of APP and CatB were significantly increased in the primary cultured hippocampal neurons after treatment with conditioned medium from PgLPS-treated WT primary microglia, but not after treatment with conditioned medium neutralized with anti-IL-1beta, and not after treatment with conditioned medium from PgLPS-treated CatB-/- primary microglia or with PgLPS directly. Taken together, these findings indicate that chronic systemic exposure to PgLPS induces AD-like phenotypes, including microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, intracellular Aβ accumulation in neurons and impairment of the learning and memory functions in the middle-aged mice in a CatB-dependent manner. We propose that CatB may be a therapeutic target for preventing periodontitis-associated cognitive decline in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Japan; OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yicong Liu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Jessica L Teeling
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fumiko Takayama
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Alex Collcutt
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ibbett
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gonçalves J, Leitão RA, Higuera-Matas A, Assis MA, Coria SM, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Ambrosio E, Silva AP. Extended-access methamphetamine self-administration elicits neuroinflammatory response along with blood-brain barrier breakdown. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:306-317. [PMID: 28237710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that can lead to neurological and psychiatric abnormalities. Several studies have explored the central impact of METH use, but the mechanism(s) underlying blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and associated neuroinflammatory processes after chronic METH consumption are still unclear. Important findings in the field are mainly based on in vitro approaches and animal studies using an acute METH paradigm, and not much is known about the neurovascular alterations under a chronic drug use. Thus, the present study aimed to fill this crucial gap by exploring the effect of METH-self administration on BBB function and neuroinflammatory responses. Herein, we observed an increase of BBB permeability characterized by Evans blue and albumin extravasation in the rat hippocampus and striatum triggered by extended-access METH self-administration followed by forced abstinence. Also, there was a clear structural alteration of blood vessels showed by the down-regulation of collagen IV staining, which is an important protein of the endothelial basement membrane, together with a decrease of intercellular junction protein levels, namely claudin-5, occludin and vascular endothelial-cadherin. Additionally, we observed an up-regulation of vascular cell and intercellular adhesion molecule, concomitant with the presence of T cell antigen CD4 and tissue macrophage marker CD169 in the brain parenchyma. Rats trained to self-administer METH also presented a neuroinflammatory profile characterized by microglial activation, astrogliosis and increased pro-inflammatory mediators, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukine-1 beta, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Overall, our data provide new insights into METH abuse consequences, with a special focus on neurovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammatory response, which may help to find novel approaches to prevent or diminish brain dysfunction triggered by this overwhelming illicit drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Santiago M Coria
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ong CWM, Pabisiak PJ, Brilha S, Singh P, Roncaroli F, Elkington PT, Friedland JS. Complex regulation of neutrophil-derived MMP-9 secretion in central nervous system tuberculosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:31. [PMID: 28173836 PMCID: PMC5294728 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) may be fatal even with treatment. Neutrophils are the key mediators of TB immunopathology, and raised CSF matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which correlates to neutrophil count in CNS-TB is associated with neurological deficit and death. The mechanisms by which neutrophils drive TB-associated CNS matrix destruction are not clearly defined. Methods Human brain biopsies with histologically proven CNS-TB were stained for neutrophils, neutrophil elastase, and MMP-9. Neutrophil MMP-9 secretion and gene expression were analyzed using Luminex and real-time PCR. Type IV collagen degradation was evaluated using confocal microscopy and quantitative fluorescent assays. Intracellular signaling pathways were investigated by immunoblotting and chemical inhibitors. Results MMP-9-expressing neutrophils were present in tuberculous granulomas in CNS-TB and neutrophil-derived MMP-9 secretion was upregulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Concurrent direct stimulation by M.tb and activation via monocyte-dependent networks had an additive effect on neutrophil MMP-9 secretion. Destruction of type IV collagen, a key component of the blood-brain barrier, was inhibited by neutralizing neutrophil MMP-9. Monocyte-neutrophil networks driving MMP-9 secretion in TB were regulated by MAP-kinase and Akt-PI3 kinase pathways and the transcription factor NF-kB. TNFα neutralization suppressed MMP-9 secretion to baseline while dexamethasone did not. Conclusions Multiple signaling paths regulate neutrophil-derived MMP-9 secretion, which is increased in CNS-TB. These paths may be better targets for host-directed therapies than steroids currently used in CNS-TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W M Ong
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, 8th floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Przemyslaw J Pabisiak
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, 8th floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sara Brilha
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, 8th floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Poonam Singh
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul T Elkington
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, 8th floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jon S Friedland
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, 8th floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han JS, Rahaman KA, Seo JE, Hasan M, Lee KT, Min H, Lee KM, Park JH, Kim HJ, Kim KH, Son J, Lee J, Kwon OS. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) sub-chronic administration mediated MMP-9 activities and cytokine association deteriorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) condition in mice model. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
20
|
Wang D, Li SP, Fu JS, Zhang S, Bai L, Guo L. Resveratrol defends blood-brain barrier integrity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:2173-2179. [PMID: 27535376 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00510.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is primarily characterized as dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Resveratrol exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective activities. We investigated the beneficial effects of resveratrol in protecting the integrity of the BBB in EAE mice and observed improved clinical outcome in the EAE mice after resveratrol treatment. Evans blue (EB) extravasation was used to detect the disruption of BBB. Western blot were used to detected the tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Inflammatory factors inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, and arginase 1 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and IL-10 by ELISA. NADPH oxidase (NOX) levels were evaluated by qPCR, and its activity was analyzed by lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence. Resveratrol at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg produced a dose-dependent decrease in EAE paralysis and EB leakage, ameliorated EAE-induced loss of tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5, as well as repressed the EAE-induced increase in adhesion proteins ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In addition, resveratrol suppressed the EAE-induced overexpression of proinflammatory transcripts iNOS and IL-1β and upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory transcripts arginase 1 and IL-10 cytokine in the brain. Furthermore, resveratrol downregulated the overexpressed NOX2 and NOX4 in the brain and suppressed NADPH activity. Resveratrol ameliorates the clinical severity of MS through maintaining the BBB integrity in EAE mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Shi-Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jin-Sheng Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A leading role for NADPH oxidase in an in-vitro study of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Immunol 2016; 72:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
22
|
Hasan M, Seo JE, Rahaman KA, Kang MJ, Jung BH, Kwon OS. Increased levels of brain serotonin correlated with MMP-9 activity and IL-4 levels resulted in severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in obese mice. Neuroscience 2016; 319:168-82. [PMID: 26820599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of monoamine neurotransmitters on the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in obese mice. EAE was induced in mice with normal diets (ND-EAE) and obese mice with high-fat diets (HFD-EAE) through the immune response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) (35-55). The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in different anatomical brain regions were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma and tissue NADPH oxidase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 activities were analyzed by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The cumulative disease index and disease peaks were significantly higher in HFD-EAE compared with those in ND-EAE. Significantly higher 5-HT levels and lower 5-HT turnovers 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid ((5-HIAA)/5-HT) were found in the brains of HFD-EAE mice compared with those found in the HFD-CON and ND-EAE mice brains. Moreover, increased DA levels were observed in the caudate nucleus of the HFD-EAE mice compared with the control and ND-EAE mice. The NADPH oxidase and MMP-9 activities in the plasma and tissues were significantly higher in both the ND-EAE and HFD-EAE groups than in their respective controls. The cytokine levels in the plasma, tissues, and cultured splenocytes were found to be significantly altered in EAE mice compared with control mice. Moreover, HFD-EAE mice exhibited significantly higher MMP-9 activity and lower IL-4 levels than ND-EAE mice and were significantly correlated with brain 5-HT levels. In conclusion, the increased 5-HT levels in the brain significantly correlated with MMP-9 activity and IL-4 levels play an important role in the exacerbation of disease severity in HFD-EAE mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hasan
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J-E Seo
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K A Rahaman
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - M-J Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - B-H Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - O-S Kwon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Seo JE, Hasan M, Han JS, Kim NK, Lee JE, Lee KM, Park JH, Kim HJ, Son J, Lee J, Kwon OS. Dependency of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induction on MOG35-55 Properties Modulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Interleukin-6. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:666-76. [PMID: 26464215 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is commonly induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55; occasionally, EAE is not well induced despite MOG35-55 immunization. To confirm that EAE induction varies with difference in MOG35-55 properties, we compared three MOG35-55 from different commercial sources, which are MOG-A, MOG-B, and MOG-C. The peptides induced EAE disease with 100, 40, and 20 % incidence, respectively. Compared with others, MOG-A showed higher peptide purity (99.2 %) and content (92.2 %) and presented a sheet shape with additional sodium and chloride chemical elements. In MOG-A-treated group, MMP-9 activity and IL-6 levels were considerably higher than the other groups in CNS tissues, and significantly increased VCAM-1, IFN-γ, and decreased IL-4 were also shown compared to MOG-B- and/or MOG-C-treated group. In conclusion, the immunological and toxicological changes by the difference in MOG35-55 properties modulate EAE induction, and MOG35-55 which affects MMP-9 activity and IL-6 levels may be the most effective EAE-inducing antigen. This study can be potentially applied by researchers using MOG35-55 peptide and manufacturers for MOG35-55 synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Seo
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Mahbub Hasan
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Joon-Seung Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Nak-Kyoon Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Park
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|