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Ferrari M, Vecchio D, D’Alfonso S, Gemma A, Marino F, Comi C, Cosentino M. Polymorphisms in the Dopaminergic Receptor D3 Gene Correlate with Disease Progression Rate in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:736. [PMID: 38927672 PMCID: PMC11203028 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. In MS, disability progresses unpredictably. Dopamine (DA) is a modulator of immune functions, and compelling evidence supports its involvement in both pathogenesis and treatment of MS. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopaminergic receptor (DR) genes have been extensively studied, their role in MS progression remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this explorative study is to investigate the potential association between functional SNPs in DR genes and MS progression. METHODS Caucasian patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS were enrolled, and disease progression assessed by the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). RESULTS Out of the 59 RRMS patients enrolled, those with the G/G genotype for rs6280 and rs1800828 SNPs in DRD3 showed significantly higher MSSSs compared to those with ancestral and heterozygous genotypes. CONCLUSIONS If confirmed in a larger prospective study, the reported findings could contribute to a better understanding of MS pathophysiological mechanisms, opening the way for the identification of marker(s) for assessing MS progression as well as novel therapeutic strategies. A personalized approach to MS management has the potential to improve the overall well-being of MS patients and alleviate the burden on their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferrari
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Domizia Vecchio
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.V.); (C.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Genetic Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gemma
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Franca Marino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.V.); (C.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.M.); (M.C.)
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Basova LV, Lindsey A, McGovern A, Rosander A, Delorme-Walker V, ElShamy WM, Pendyala VV, Gaskill PJ, Ellis RJ, Cherner M, Iudicello JE, Marcondes MCG. MRP8/14 Is a Molecular Signature Triggered by Dopamine in HIV Latent Myeloid Targets That Increases HIV Transcription and Distinguishes HIV+ Methamphetamine Users with Detectable CSF Viral Load and Brain Pathology. Viruses 2023; 15:1363. [PMID: 37376663 PMCID: PMC10304659 DOI: 10.3390/v15061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant overlap between HIV infection and substance-use disorders. Dopamine (DA) is the most abundantly upregulated neurotransmitter in methamphetamine abuse, with receptors (DRD1-5) that are expressed by neurons as well as by a large diversity of cell types, including innate immune cells that are the targets of HIV infection, making them responsive to the hyperdopaminergic environment that is characteristic of stimulant drugs. Therefore, the presence of high levels of dopamine may affect the pathogenesis of HIV, particularly in the brain. The stimulation of HIV latently infected U1 promonocytes with DA significantly increased viral p24 levels in the supernatant at 24 h, suggesting effects on activation and replication. Using selective agonists to different DRDs, we found that DRD1 played a major role in activating viral transcription, followed by DRD4, which increased p24 with a slower kinetic rate compared to DRD1. Transcriptome and systems biology analyses led to the identification of a cluster of genes responsive to DA, where S100A8 and S100A9 were most significantly correlated with the early increase in p24 levels following DA stimulation. Conversely, DA increased the expression of these genes' transcripts at the protein level, MRP8 and MRP14, respectively, which form a complex also known as calprotectin. Interestingly, MRP8/14 was able to stimulate HIV transcription in latent U1 cells, and this occurred via binding of the complex to the receptor for an advanced glycosylation end-product (RAGE). Using selective agonists, both DRD1 and DRD4 increased MRP8/14 on the surface, in the cytoplasm, as well as secreted in the supernatants. On the other hand, while DRD1/5 did not affect the expression of RAGE, DRD4 stimulation caused its downregulation, offering a mechanism for the delayed effect via DRD4 on the p24 increase. To cross-validate MRP8/14 as a DA signature with a biomarker value, we tested its expression in HIV+ Meth users' postmortem brain specimens and peripheral cells. MRP8/14+ cells were more frequently identified in mesolimbic areas such as the basal ganglia of HIV+ Meth+ cases compared to HIV+ non-Meth users or to controls. Likewise, MRP8/14+ CD11b+ monocytes were more frequent in HIV+ Meth users, particularly in specimens from participants with a detectable viral load in the CSF. Overall, our results suggest that the MRP8 and MRP14 complex may serve as a signature to distinguish subjects using addictive substances in the context of HIV, and that this may play a role in aggravating HIV pathology by promoting viral replication in people with HIV who use Meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana V. Basova
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley Rosander
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Human Biology Program BISP, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Wael M. ElShamy
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald J. Ellis
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Mariana Cherner
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Iudicello
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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Ferrari M, Godio M, Martini S, Callegari C, Cosentino M, Marino F. Effect of quetiapine on inflammation and immunity: a systematic review. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35913757 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge about the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is increasing in the last decades and evidence from literature suggests a central role for immuno-inflammatory mechanisms in these illnesses. The antipsychotic quetiapine acts on dopamine and serotonin signalling and well-established evidence demonstrates that these neurotransmitters can modulate immune functions in healthy and diseased conditions. Starting from this perspective, in the last few decades, a number of studies attempted to identify quetiapine effects on immune functions in order to highlight a possible additional effect of this drug in psychotic diseases, although no conclusive results were obtained. METHODS We critically reviewed preclinical and clinical studies evaluating quetiapine effects on immune systems, suggesting strategies for future work in this field. RESULTS Computerised search, in PubMed and Embase databases, was performed in March 2020: 120 studies were identified but only 29 relevant papers were selected for detailed review. CONCLUSION Despite some interesting preliminary findings about anti-inflammatory effects of quetiapine, mainly supported by preclinical studies, it is possible to conclude further studies are needed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of this drug and achieve a better understanding of its relevance on clinical outcomes to finally identify new therapeutic approaches in psychiatric treatment.KeypointsMounting evidence points to a role for immuno-inflammatory mechanisms in psychiatric disorders.Quetiapine (QUE) acts on catecholamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) and serotonin signalling.The immunomodulatory effects of catecholamines are well established.Treatment with QUE in psychiatric disorders could leverage immunomodulatory effects.QUE unclear role in immune function modulation suggests future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferrari
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Godio
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Martini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Pashaei S, Yarani R, Mohammadi P, Emami Aleagha MS. The potential roles of amino acids and their major derivatives in the management of multiple sclerosis. Amino Acids 2022; 54:841-858. [PMID: 35471671 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reviewed the important role of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in different clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. In the current paper, we aimed to review the contribution of amino acids and their major derivatives to different clinical outcomes of the disease, including etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this line, Thr (threonine), Phe (phenylalanine), Glu (glutamate), Trp (tryptophan), and Sero (serotonin) are the main examples of biomolecules that have been suggested for MS therapy. It has been concluded that different amino acids and their derivatives might be considered prominent tools for the clinical management of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Pashaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Biology, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran.
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5
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Carandini T, Cercignani M, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Bozzali M. The distinct roles of monoamines in multiple sclerosis: A bridge between the immune and nervous systems? Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:381-391. [PMID: 33662501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoaminergic neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin are pivotal actors of the interplay between the nervous and the immune system due to their ability of binding to cell-receptors of both systems, crucially regulating their function within the central nervous system and the periphery. As monoamines are dysfunctional in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, they have been successfully used as pharmacological targets. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the best examples of neurological disease caused by an altered interaction between the nervous and immune system and emerging evidence supports a dysregulation of monoaminergic systems in the pathogenesis of MS, secondary to both inflammation-induced reduction of monoamines' synthesis and structural damage to monoaminergic pathways within the brain. Here we review the evidence for monoamines being key mediators of neuroimmune interaction, affecting MS pathogenesis and course. Moreover, we discuss how the reduction/dysfunction of monoamines in MS may contribute to some clinical features typical of the disease, particularly fatigue and depression. Finally, we summarize different drugs targeting monoamines that are currently under evaluation for their potential efficacy to treat MS, as well as to alleviate fatigue and depression in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Carandini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK; Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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6
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Feng Y, Lu Y. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dopamine in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663102. [PMID: 33897712 PMCID: PMC8063048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptor, a significant G protein-coupled receptor, is classified into two families: D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) receptor families, with further formation of homodimers, heteromers, and receptor mosaic. Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system can be affected by the nervous system and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine. Recently, the role of the DA receptor in inflammation has been widely studied, mainly focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB pathway, and immune cells. This article provides a brief review of the structures, functions, and signaling pathways of DA receptors and their relationships with inflammation. With detailed descriptions of their roles in Parkinson disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis, this article provides a theoretical basis for drug development targeting DA receptors in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Feng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Carandini T, Mancini M, Bogdan I, Rae CL, Barritt AW, Sethi A, Harrison N, Rashid W, Scarpini E, Galimberti D, Bozzali M, Cercignani M. Disruption of brainstem monoaminergic fibre tracts in multiple sclerosis as a putative mechanism for cognitive fatigue: a fixel-based analysis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 30:102587. [PMID: 33610097 PMCID: PMC7903010 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), monoaminergic systems are altered as a result of both inflammation-dependent reduced synthesis and direct structural damage. Aberrant monoaminergic neurotransmission is increasingly considered a major contributor to fatigue pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to compare the integrity of the monoaminergic white matter fibre tracts projecting from brainstem nuclei in a group of patients with MS (n = 68) and healthy controls (n = 34), and to investigate its association with fatigue. Fibre tracts integrity was assessed with the novel fixel-based analysis that simultaneously estimates axonal density, by means of 'fibre density', and white matter atrophy, by means of fibre 'cross section'. We focused on ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei as the main source of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotoninergic fibres within the brainstem, respectively. Fourteen tracts of interest projecting from these brainstem nuclei were reconstructed using diffusion tractography, and compared by means of the product of fibre-density and cross-section (FDC). Finally, correlations of monoaminergic axonal damage with the modified fatigue impact scale scores were evaluated in MS. Fixel-based analysis revealed significant axonal damage - as measured by FDC reduction - within selective monoaminergic fibre-tracts projecting from brainstem nuclei in MS patients, in comparison to healthy controls; particularly within the dopaminergic-mesolimbic pathway, the noradrenergic-projections to prefrontal cortex, and serotoninergic-projections to cerebellum. Moreover, we observed significant correlations between severity of cognitive fatigue and axonal damage within the mesocorticolimbic tracts projecting from ventral tegmental area, as well as within the locus coeruleus projections to prefrontal cortex, suggesting a potential contribution of dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways to central fatigue in MS. Our findings support the hypothesis that axonal damage along monoaminergic pathways contributes to the reduction/dysfunction of monoamines in MS and add new information on the mechanisms by which monoaminergic systems contribute to MS pathogenesis and fatigue. This supports the need for further research into monoamines as therapeutic targets aiming to combat and alleviate fatigue in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Carandini
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK; NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada; CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Iulia Bogdan
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK
| | | | - Andrew W Barritt
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Neil Harrison
- Department of Psychology and Department of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Waqar Rashid
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK; Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Sharma D, Farrar JD. Adrenergic regulation of immune cell function and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:709-717. [PMID: 33219396 PMCID: PMC7678770 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system integrates the functions of multiple organ systems by regulating their autonomic physiological activities. The immune system is regulated both locally and systemically by the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal gland and local sympathetic neurons. Immune cells respond by activation of adrenergic receptors, primarily the β2-adrenergic receptor, which signal through heterotrimeric G-proteins. Depending upon the cell type, adrenergic signaling regulates a variety of functions in immune cells ranging from cellular migration to cytokine secretion. Furthermore, due to the diurnal oscillation of systemic norepinephrine levels, various immune functions follow a circadian rhythmic pattern. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of how the sympathetic nervous system regulates both innate and adaptive immune functions and how this regulation is linked to circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drashya Sharma
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Dopaminergic Therapeutics in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Th17-Cell Functions. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:37-47. [PMID: 31011885 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an autoimmune mechanism of development. Currently, one of the most promising directions in the study of MS pathogenesis are the neuroimmune interactions. Dopamine is one of the key neurotransmitters in CNS. Furthermore, dopamine is a direct mediator of interactions between the immune and nervous systems and can influence MS pathogenesis by modulating immune cells activity and cytokine production. Recent studies have shown that dopamine can enhance or inhibit the functions of innate and adaptive immune system, depending on the activation of different dopaminergic receptors, and can therefore influence the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS. In this review, we discuss putative dopaminergic therapeutics in EAE and MS with focus on Th17-cells, which are thought to play crucial role in MS pathogenesis. We suggest that targeting dopaminergic receptors could be explored as a new kind of disease-modifying treatment of MS. Graphical Abstract.
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10
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Habek M. Immune and autonomic nervous system interactions in multiple sclerosis: clinical implications. Clin Auton Res 2019; 29:267-275. [PMID: 30963343 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-019-00605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, among which dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system represents an important cause of multiple sclerosis-related disability. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of autonomic dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis, and to discuss the interactions between the immune and autonomic nervous systems and the effects of these interactions on various aspects of multiple sclerosis. Autonomic dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis can be demonstrated clinically and on a molecular level. Clinically, it can be demonstrated by measuring autonomic symptoms with the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS-31), and neurophysiologically, with different autonomic nervous system tests. Both symptomatic and objectively determined autonomic dysfunction can be associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis disease activity. Further supporting these clinical observations are molecular changes in immune cells. Changes in the sympathetic autonomic system, such as different expression of dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors on immune cells, or modulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway over different subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the peripheral immune system, may mediate different effects on multiple sclerosis disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Habek
- Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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11
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Vidal PM, Pacheco R. Targeting the Dopaminergic System in Autoimmunity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:57-73. [PMID: 30661214 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine has emerged as a fundamental regulator of inflammation. In this regard, it has been shown that dopaminergic signalling pathways are key players promoting homeostasis between the central nervous system and the immune system. Dysregulation in the dopaminergic system affects both innate and adaptive immunity, contributing to the development of numerous autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. This makes dopamine receptors interesting therapeutic targets for either the development of new treatments or repurposing of already available pharmacological drugs. Dopamine receptors are broadly expressed on different immune cells with multifunctional effects depending on the dopamine concentration available and the pattern of expression of five dopamine receptors displaying different affinities for dopamine. Thus, impaired dopaminergic signalling through different dopamine receptors may result in altered behaviour of immunity, contributing to the development and progression of autoimmune pathologies. In this review we discuss the current evidence involving the dopaminergic system in inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. In addition, we summarise and analyse the therapeutic approaches designed to attenuate disease development and progression by targeting the dopaminergic system. Graphical Abstract Targetting the dopaminergic system in autoimmunity. Effector T-cells (Teff) orchestrate inflamamtion involved in autoimmunity, whilst regulatory T-cells (Tregs) suppress Teff activity promoting tolerance to self-constituents. Dopamine has emerged as a key regulator of Teff and Tregs function, thereby dopamine receptors have becoming important therapeutic targets in autoimmune disorders, especially in those affecting the brain and the gut, where dopamine levels strongly change with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Arce-Sillas A, Sevilla-Reyes E, Álvarez-Luquín DD, Guevara-Salinas A, Boll MC, Pérez-Correa CA, Vivas-Almazan AV, Rodríguez-Ortiz U, Castellanos Barba C, Hernandez M, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Cárdenas G, Adalid-Peralta LV. Expression of Dopamine Receptors in Immune Regulatory Cells. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:159-166. [PMID: 31311029 DOI: 10.1159/000501187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are usually treated with L-dopa and/or dopaminergic agonists, which act by binding five types of dopaminergic receptors (DRD1-DRD5). Peripheral immune cells are known to express dopamine receptors on their membrane surface, and therefore they could be directly affected by the treatment. Regulatory cells are the main modulators of inflammation, but it is not clear whether dopaminergic treatment could affect their functions. While only regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been proved to express dopamine receptors, it is not known whether other regulatory cells such as CD8regs, regulatory B cells (Bregs), tolerogenic dendritic cells, and intermediate monocytes also express them. METHODS The expression of dopamine receptors in Tregs, CD8regs, Bregs, tolerogenic dendritic cells, and intermediate monocytes was herein evaluated. cDNA from 11 PD patients and 9 control subjects was obtained and analyzed. RESULTS All regulatory cell populations expressed the genes coding for dopamine receptors, and this expression was further corroborated by flow cytometry. These findings may allow us to propose regulatory populations as possible targets for PD treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study opens new paths to deepen our understanding on the effect of PD treatment on the cells of the regulatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiel Arce-Sillas
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Sevilla-Reyes
- Clinica de investigación en enfermedades infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Denisse Álvarez-Luquín
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrian Guevara-Salinas
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Citzielli Aseret Pérez-Correa
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Viridiana Vivas-Almazan
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Castellanos Barba
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernandez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Virginia Adalid-Peralta
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico,
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico,
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13
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The role of catecholamines in HIV neuropathogenesis. Brain Res 2018; 1702:54-73. [PMID: 29705605 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The success of anti-retroviral therapy has improved the quality of life and lifespan of HIV + individuals, transforming HIV infection into a chronic condition. These improvements have come with a cost, as chronic HIV infection and long-term therapy have resulted in the emergence of a number of new pathologies. This includes a variety of the neuropathological and neurocognitive effects collectively known as HIVassociated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) or NeuroHIV. These effects persist even in the absence of viral replication, suggesting that they are mediated the long-term changes in the CNS induced by HIV infection rather than by active replication. Among these effects are significant changes in catecholaminergic neurotransmission, especially in dopaminergic brain regions. In HIV-infected individuals not treated with ARV show prominent neuropathology is common in dopamine-rich brain regions and altered autonomic nervous system activity. Even infected individuals on therapy, there is significant dopaminergic neuropathology, and elevated stress and norepinephrine levels correlate with a decreased effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs. As catecholamines function as immunomodulatory factors, the resultant dysregulation of catecholaminergic tone could substantially alter the development of HIVassociated neuroinflammation and neuropathology. In this review, we discuss the role of catecholamines in the etiology of HIV neuropathogenesis. Providing a comprehensive examination of what is known about these molecules in the context of HIV-associated disease demonstrates the importance of further studies in this area, and may open the door to new therapeutic strategies that specifically ameliorate the effects of catecholaminergic dysregulation on NeuroHIV.
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14
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Marino F, Scanzano A, Pulze L, Pinoli M, Rasini E, Luini A, Bombelli R, Legnaro M, de Eguileor M, Cosentino M. β 2 -Adrenoceptors inhibit neutrophil extracellular traps in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:603-614. [PMID: 29668114 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1017-398rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that in isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) adrenergic ligands can affect neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We have previously shown that, in PMN, adrenaline (A), through the activation of adrenergic receptors (AR), reduces stimulus-dependent cell activation; we have, therefore, planned to investigate if AR are involved in NET production. PMN were obtained from venous blood of healthy subject. The ability of adrenergic ligands to affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NET production, and cell migration was investigated in cells cultured under resting conditions or after activation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), LPS, or IL-8. Stimuli-induced NET production measured as ROS, microscopic evaluation, and elastase production was reverted by A and this effect was blocked by the selective β2 -AR antagonist ICI-118,551. The stimulus-induced ROS generation and migration was prevented by A and by isoprenaline (ISO), and these effects were counteracted only by ICI-118,551 and not by the other two selective ligands for the β1 and β3 -AR. Finally, the presence of the β-ARs on PMN was confirmed, by means of microscopy and flow cytometry. The data of the present study suggest that adrenergic compounds, through the interaction of mainly β2 -AR, are able to affect neutrophil functions. These data are suggestive of a possible therapeutic role of β2 -AR ligands (in addition to their classical use), promoting the possible therapeutic relevance of adrenergic system in the modulation of innate immunity proposing their possible use as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pulze
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Monica Pinoli
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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15
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Cosentino M, Zaffaroni M, Legnaro M, Bombelli R, Schembri L, Baroncini D, Bianchi A, Clerici R, Guidotti M, Banfi P, Bono G, Marino F. Dataset of mRNA levels for dopaminergic receptors, adrenoceptors and tyrosine hydroxylase in lymphocytes from subjects with clinically isolated syndromes. Data Brief 2016; 9:376-381. [PMID: 27699190 PMCID: PMC5035338 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article presents a dataset of mRNA levels for dopaminergic receptors, adrenoceptors and for tyrosine hydoxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as in CD4+ T effector and regulatory cells from subjects with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), which is a first episode of neurological disturbance(s) suggestive of multiple sclerosis. CIS subjects are divided into two groups according to their eventual progression, after 12 months from CIS, to clinically established multiple sclerosis. The data reported are related to the article entitled "Dopaminergic receptors and adrenoceptors in circulating lymphocytes as putative biomarkers for the early onset and progression of multiple sclerosis" (M. Cosentino, M. Zaffaroni, M. Legnaro, R. Bombelli, L. Schembri, D. Baroncini, A. Bianchi, R. Clerici, M. Guidotti, P. Banfi, G. Bono, F. Marino, 2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosentino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mauro Zaffaroni
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hospital ׳S. Antonio Abate׳, Gallarate, VA, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Legnaro
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bombelli
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Schembri
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Damiano Baroncini
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hospital ׳S. Antonio Abate׳, Gallarate, VA, Italy
| | - Anna Bianchi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hospital ׳S. Antonio Abate׳, Gallarate, VA, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Banfi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bono
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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