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Favari C, Rinaldi de Alvarenga JF, Sánchez-Martínez L, Tosi N, Mignogna C, Cremonini E, Manach C, Bresciani L, Del Rio D, Mena P. Factors driving the inter-individual variability in the metabolism and bioavailability of (poly)phenolic metabolites: A systematic review of human studies. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103095. [PMID: 38428187 PMCID: PMC10912651 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review provides an overview of the available evidence on the inter-individual variability (IIV) in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of phenolic metabolites and its determinants. Human studies were included investigating the metabolism and bioavailability of (poly)phenols and reporting IIV. One hundred fifty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Inter-individual differences were mainly related to gut microbiota composition and activity but also to genetic polymorphisms, age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, (patho)physiological status, and physical activity, depending on the (poly)phenol sub-class considered. Most of the IIV has been poorly characterised. Two major types of IIV were observed. One resulted in metabolite gradients that can be further classified into high and low excretors, as seen for all flavonoids, phenolic acids, prenylflavonoids, alkylresorcinols, and hydroxytyrosol. The other type of IIV is based on clusters of individuals defined by qualitative differences (producers vs. non-producers), as for ellagitannins (urolithins), isoflavones (equol and O-DMA), resveratrol (lunularin), and preliminarily for avenanthramides (dihydro-avenanthramides), or by quali-quantitative metabotypes characterized by different proportions of specific metabolites, as for flavan-3-ols, flavanones, and even isoflavones. Future works are needed to shed light on current open issues limiting our understanding of this phenomenon that likely conditions the health effects of dietary (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Lorena Sánchez-Martínez
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de La Arrixaca', Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicole Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Claudine Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Tuli HS, Kumar A, Sak K, Aggarwal D, Gupta DS, Kaur G, Vashishth K, Dhama K, Kaur J, Saini AK, Varol M, Capanoglu E, Haque S. Gut Microbiota-Assisted Synthesis, Cellular Interactions and Synergistic Perspectives of Equol as a Potent Anticancer Isoflavone. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111418. [PMID: 36422548 PMCID: PMC9697248 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that, historically, plants have been an important resource of anticancer agents, providing several clinically approved drugs. Numerous preclinical studies have shown a strong anticancer potential of structurally different phytochemicals, including polyphenolic constituents of plants, flavonoids. In this review article, suppressing effects of equol in different carcinogenesis models are unraveled, highlighting the mechanisms involved in these anticancer activities. Among flavonoids, daidzein is a well-known isoflavone occurring in soybeans and soy products. In a certain part of population, this soy isoflavone is decomposed to equol under the action of gut microflora. Somewhat surprisingly, this degradation product has been shown to be more bioactive than its precursor daidzein, revealing a strong and multifaceted anticancer potential. In this way, it is important to bear in mind that the metabolic conversion of plant flavonoids might lead to products that are even more efficient than the parent compounds themselves, definitely deserving further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase VIII, Mohali 160071, India
| | - Katrin Sak
- NGO Praeventio, 50407 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Dhruv Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s, NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s, NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Kanupriya Vashishth
- Advance Cardiac Centre Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Adesh K. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Takeuchi H, Yoshikane Y, Takenaka H, Kimura A, Islam JM, Matsuda R, Okamoto A, Hashimoto Y, Yano R, Yamaguchi K, Sato S, Ishizuka S. Health Effects of Drinking Water Produced from Deep Sea Water: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030581. [PMID: 35276942 PMCID: PMC8839038 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global trends focus on a balanced intake of foods and beverages to maintain health. Drinking water (MIU; hardness = 88) produced from deep sea water (DSW) collected offshore of Muroto, Japan, is considered healthy. We previously reported that the DSW-based drinking water (RDSW; hardness = 1000) improved human gut health. The aim of this randomized double-blind controlled trial was to assess the effects of MIU on human health. Volunteers were assigned to MIU (n = 41) or mineral water (control) groups (n = 41). Participants consumed 1 L of either water type daily for 12 weeks. A self-administered questionnaire was administered, and stool and urine samples were collected throughout the intervention. We measured the fecal biomarkers of nine short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), as well as urinary isoflavones. In the MIU group, concentrations of three major SCFAs and sIgA increased postintervention. MIU intake significantly affected one SCFA (butyric acid). The metabolic efficiency of daidzein-to-equol conversion was significantly higher in the MIU group than in the control group throughout the intervention. MIU intake reflected the intestinal environment through increased production of three major SCFAs and sIgA, and accelerated daidzein-to-equol metabolic conversion, suggesting the beneficial health effects of MIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-476-20-7762
| | - Yu Yoshikane
- Department of Human Living Sciences, Notre Dame Seishin University, 2-16-9 Ifuku-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city 700-8516, Okayama, Japan;
| | - Hirotsugu Takenaka
- DyDo-T Beverage Co. Ltd., 1310-1 Hanechou-ko, Muroto-City 781-6741, Kochi, Japan;
| | - Asako Kimura
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Jahirul Md. Islam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Reimi Matsuda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Aoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Yusuke Hashimoto
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Rie Yano
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Koichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Shouichi Sato
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (Y.H.); (R.Y.); (K.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Center for Regional Sustainability and Innovation, Kochi University, 2-17-47 Asakurahonmachi, Kochi-City 780-8073, Kochi, Japan;
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Bajerska J, Łagowska K, Mori M, Reguła J, Skoczek-Rubińska A, Toda T, Mizuno N, Yamori Y. A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Effects of Soy Intake on Inflammatory Markers in Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr 2022; 152:5-15. [PMID: 34642749 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated concentrations of serum inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNF-α and IL-6, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), are commonly observed after menopause. OBJECTIVES Because soy isoflavones may have some anti-inflammatory potential, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to explore whether soy intake affects serum markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to August 2020. All RCTs that met the following criteria were included: 1) studies of the effects of soy intake on inflammatory markers; 2) any date of publication; 3) conducted on postmenopausal women; 4) with sufficient quantitative data for meta-analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs. A total of 24 RCTs assessing the effects of soy intake on serum concentrations of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were included in the analysis. A random-effects model was used to determine the overall effect. RESULTS Soy supplementation significantly reduced CRP by 0.11 mg/L in postmenopausal women (95% CI: -0.22, -0.004 mg/L; P = 0.0414), but did not affect IL-6 or TNF-α. Significant reductions in CRP concentration occurred when natural soy products were given (WMD: -0.23 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.29, -0.17 mg/L; P < 0.001). This is equivalent to a ∼9% reduction in CRP concentration from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Although our meta-analysis found evidence that soy products significantly reduce CRP concentrations in postmenopausal women, the mechanisms by which soy foods and their constituents affect inflammatory biomarkers still need to be clarified.This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020179232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bajerska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Łagowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsukashi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Julita Reguła
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Toshiya Toda
- Department of Innovative Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naho Mizuno
- Department of Innovative Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Sayers B, Wijeyesekera A, Gibson G. Exploring the potential of prebiotic and polyphenol-based dietary interventions for the alleviation of cognitive and gastrointestinal perturbations associated with military specific stressors. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Physiological Effects of Green-Colored Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Green-colored foods, such as broccoli, sprouts, soybean, and green leafy vegetables are considered one of the representative healthy foods for containing various functional ingredients that can combat chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Herein, we reviewed the anti-cancer activities and the underlying mechanisms of some important bioactive compounds, such as sulforaphane, catechins, chlorophyll, isoflavone, indole dervatives, and lutein, present in green-colored foods. In vivo and clinical studies suggest that sulforaphane, a sulfur-containing compound found in cruciferous vegetables, can ameliorate prostate and breast cancer symptoms by arresting cell-cycle progression and modulating Ki67 and HDAC expression. A green tea compound, known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has shown remarkable anti-cancer effects against prostate cancer and lung adenocarcinoma in human trials through its antioxidative defense and immunomodulatory functions. Chlorophyll, a natural pigment found in all green plants, can regulate multiple cancer-related genes, including cyclin D1, CYP1A, CYP1B1, and p53. Epidemiological studies indicate that chlorophyll can substantially reduce aflatoxin level and can mitigate colon cancer in human subjects. Remarkably, the consumption of soy isoflavone has been found to be associated with the lower incidence and mortality of breast and prostate cancers in East Asia and in Canada. In vivo and in vitro data point out that isoflavone has modulatory effects on estrogen and androgen signaling pathways and the expression of MAPK, NfκB, Bcl-2, and PI3K/AKT in different cancer models. Other green food bioactive compounds, such as indole derivatives and lutein, also exhibited suppressing effects in rodent models of lung, liver, stomach, cervical, and prostate cancers. In addition, some micronutrients, such as folate, riboflavin, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 present in green foods, also showed potential cancer suppressing effects. Taken together, these data suggest potential chemopreventive functions of the bioactive compounds from green-colored foods. This paper could be beneficial for further research on the anti-carcinogenic effects of green-colored food-derived compounds, in order to develop green chemotherapeutics for cancers.
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Yoshikata R, Myint KZY, Ohta H, Ishigaki Y. Effects of an equol-containing supplement on advanced glycation end products, visceral fat and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257332. [PMID: 34506596 PMCID: PMC8432832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equol, an isoflavone derivative whose chemical structure is similar to estrogen, is considered a potentially effective agent for relieving climacteric symptoms, for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, and for aging care in postmenopausal women. We investigated the effect of an equol-containing supplement on metabolism and aging and climacteric symptoms with respect to internally produced equol in postmenopausal women. METHODS A single-center, randomized controlled trial (registration number: UMIN000030975) on 57 postmenopausal Japanese women (mean age: 56±5.37 years) was conducted. Twenty-seven women received the equol supplement, while the remaining received control. Metabolic and aging-related biomarkers were compared before and after the 3-month intervention. Climacteric symptoms were assessed every month using a validated self-administered questionnaire in Japanese postmenopausal women. RESULTS Three months post-intervention, the treatment group showed significant improvement in climacteric symptoms compared to the control group (81% vs. 53%, respectively, p = 0.045). We did not observe any beneficial effect on metabolic and aging-related biomarkers in the intervention group. However, in certain populations, significant improvement in skin autofluorescence, which is a measurement of AGE skin products, and visceral fat area was observed, especially among equol producers. CONCLUSION Women receiving equol supplementation showed improved climacteric symptoms. This study offered a new hypothesis that there may be a synergy between supplemented equol and endogenously produced equol to improve skin aging and visceral fat in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Yoshikata
- Hamasite Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Midtown Medical Center, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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de Oliveira Silva F, Lemos TC, Sandôra D, Monteiro M, Perrone D. Fermentation of soybean meal improves isoflavone metabolism after soy biscuit consumption by adults. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2991-2998. [PMID: 32048288 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary excretion of isoflavones and their metabolites after the consumption of soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) biscuits was investigated in humans in a randomized double-blinded crossover clinical trial. RESULTS Aglycones were the most abundant metabolites in urine in both treatments. After FSBM consumption, total urinary excretion of aglycones and metabolites was 54% higher when compared to SBM biscuits. All metabolites were more rapidly excreted after FSBM biscuit consumption when compared to SBM biscuits. Urinary recovery of isoflavones was higher after FSBM biscuit consumption, reaching 67%. Women excreted higher amounts of colonic metabolites and lower amounts of aglycones than men. The prevalence of O-demethylangolensin-producer, equol-producer and nonproducer metabotypes was 56%, 11% and 36% after SBM consumption and 72%, 11% and 17% after FSBM consumption, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings indicate that fermentation improves isoflavone bioavailability and possibly reduces the impact of gut microbiota on the metabolism of isoflavones. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Análise Sensorial de Alimentos, Department of Natural Products and Food, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thayane Cc Lemos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Sandôra
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Perrone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chisari E, Shivappa N, Vyas S. Polyphenol-Rich Foods and Osteoporosis. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2459-2466. [PMID: 31333106 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722093959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease affecting the bone mineral density and thus compromise the strength of the bones. Disease prevention through diet is the objective of the study and discussion. Among the several nutrients investigated, the intake of phenols seems to influence bone mineral density by acting as free radical scavengers, preventing oxidation-induced damage to bone cells. In addition, the growing understanding of the bone remodelling process supports the theory that inflammation significantly contributes to the etiopathogenesis of osteoporosis. METHODS To provide an overview of current evidence on polyphenol-rich foods and osteoporosis prevention we made a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the state of art of the topic. RESULTS Some polyphenol-rich foods, including olive oil, fruit and vegetable, tea and soy, seem to be beneficial for preventing osteoporosis disease and its progression. The mechanism is still partly unknown and may involve different pathways which include inflammation and other disease reactions. CONCLUSIONS However, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms regulating the molecular interaction between osteoporosis incidence and progression and polyphenol-rich foods. The current evidence suggests that dietary intervention with polyphenol rich foods may be useful to prevent incidence and progression of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Chisari
- University of Catania, Piazza Universita, 2, 95124, Catania CT, Italy
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Shraddha Vyas
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fl, 33612, United States
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Inter-relationship between diet, lifestyle habits, gut microflora, and the equol-producer phenotype: baseline findings from a placebo-controlled intervention trial. Menopause 2020; 26:273-285. [PMID: 30188331 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equol is an active metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut microbiota. It is beneficial to health; however, equol-producing ability varies greatly among individuals. These variations depend on the host's gut microbiota and lifestyle habits including diet. We investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota, lifestyle habits including diet, and equol-producing ability in postmenopausal Japanese women. METHODS We studied 58 postmenopausal Japanese women aged 48 to 69 years who visited the Sendai Medical Center in January, 2018. Self-administered questionnaires assessed their recent and remote food intake histories and lifestyle habits. Fecal microbiome analysis was performed using a next-generation sequencer. Urinary equol was measured using an immunochromatographic strip test. Women with urinary equol concentration >1.0 μM were defined as equol producers. RESULTS Equol-producing bacteria were identified in 97% (56) of women; however, only 13 (22%) were equol producers. Equol producers showed significantly higher microflora diversity (P = 0.002), and significantly different recent and remote food intake patterns compared with equol nonproducers. Higher consumption of foods such as meat, fish, soy, vegetables, and Japanese snacks positively affected microbial diversity and equol production, whereas a high intake of Ramen and smoking showed negative effects. CONCLUSION Equol production might not depend on the quantity, but on the quality of equol-producing bacteria. High microbial diversity might enhance equol production. Increasing microbial diversity through healthy lifestyle habits and habitual consumption of a wide variety of foods might be useful to maintain a healthy gut environment for equol production.
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Orman EB, Arıbal A, Özkaya AR, Bulut M, Salan Ü. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of isoflavone substituted zinc(II), cobalt(II), and metal-free phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel tetrasubstituted metallo- and metal-free phthalocyanines containing 7-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavonoxy moieties at peripheral and non-peripheral positions have been prepared by cyclotetramerization of corresponding phthalonitriles. The most obvious feature of these quaternized complexes is their extensive solubility and non-aggregated species (especially non-peripherally substituted) in organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, which makes them candidates for use in many applications in different fields. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H and [Formula: see text]C NMR and MS (Maldi-TOF MS). Voltammetric and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements have been performed with the aim of characterizing the electron transfer properties of the compounds on Pt in dimethylsulfoxide/tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, compared to those of previously reported corresponding compounds with tetra 6-hydroxyflavonoxy substituents. The effect of aggregation on the redox character of these complexes was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe B. Orman
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 34722, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arıbal
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 34722, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali R. Özkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 34722, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 34722, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ümit Salan
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, 34722, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Johny A, Fæste CK, Bogevik AS, Berge GM, Fernandes JMO, Ivanova L. Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Mycotoxins and Phytoestrogens in Plant-Based Fish Feed and Exposed Fish. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11040222. [PMID: 31013949 PMCID: PMC6520669 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New protein sources in fish feed require the assessment of the carry-over potential of contaminants and anti-nutrients from feed ingredients into the fish, and the assessment of possible health risks for consumers. Presently, plant materials including wheat and legumes make up the largest part of aquafeeds, so evaluation of the transfer capabilities of typical toxic metabolites from plant-infesting fungi and of vegetable phytoestrogens into fish products is of great importance. With the aim of facilitating surveillance of relevant mycotoxins and isoflavones, we have developed and validated a multi-analyte LC-HRMS/MS method that can be used to ensure compliance to set maximum levels in feed and fish. The method performance characteristics were determined, showing high specificity for all 25 targeted analytes, which included 19 mycotoxins and three isoflavones and their corresponding aglycons with sufficient to excellent sensitivities and uniform analytical linearity in different matrices. Depending on the availability of matching stable isotope-labelled derivates or similar-structure homologues, calibration curves were generated either by using internal standards or by matrix-matched external standards. Precision and recovery data were in the accepted range, although they varied between the different analytes. This new method was considered as fit-for-purpose and applied for the analysis of customised fish feed containing wheat gluten, soy, or pea protein concentrate as well as salmon and zebrafish fed on diets with these ingredients for a period of up to eight weeks. Only mycotoxin enniatin B, at a level near the limit of detection, and low levels of isoflavones were detected in the feed, demonstrating the effectiveness of maximum level recommendations and modern feed processing technologies in the Norwegian aquaculture industry. Consequently, carry-over into fish muscle was not observed, confirming that fillets from plant-fed salmon were safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Johny
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo 0454, Norway.
| | | | - André S Bogevik
- Nofima-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Fyllingsdalen 5141, Norway.
| | - Gerd Marit Berge
- Nofima-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Sunndalsøra 6600, Norway.
| | | | - Lada Ivanova
- Chemistry Section, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo 0454, Norway.
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Lambert MNT, Jeppesen PB. Isoflavones and bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:475-480. [PMID: 30239339 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Isoflavones exert estrogenic activity distinct from estrogen, they have the potential to treat diseases and symptoms related to estrogen deficiency with minimal side effects and risks. Isoflavone supplementation, in general, is shown to exert beneficial effects against estrogen-deficient bone loss in women, however, some clinical trials still produce conflicting findings. The purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize the most recent and up-to-date research in the field and to bring attention to factors that play a major role in the outcomes of clinical trials that investigate phytoestrogens. Here, we also discuss the latest and most relevant data regarding the clinical safety of these substances. RECENT FINDINGS Isoflavones are naturally occurring secondary metabolites found in the Fabacaea plant family. Clinical data from isoflavone interventions support that aglycones (abundant in fermented products) exert enhanced beneficial effects against estrogen-deficient bone loss in women compared with isoflavone glycosides. Studies that employ methods to determine isoflavone content and form of treatments are more likely detect beneficial effects on bone. EFSA have confirmed the safety of isoflavones for women in the most comprehensive report to date. SUMMARY Isoflavone aglycones exert greater effects against bone loss than glycosides. Isoflavones show promise as a first-line prophylactic/treatment for bone loss in women.
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Yoshikata R, Myint KZY, Ohta H. Effects of Equol Supplement on Bone and Cardiovascular Parameters in Middle-Aged Japanese Women: A Prospective Observational Study. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:701-708. [PMID: 29722549 PMCID: PMC6065522 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine changes in the bone and cardiovascular parameters and tolerability in middle-aged Japanese women taking equol supplement for a year. Design: This was a prospective observational study. Subjects and Setting: Participants were 74 women receiving outpatient care at Hamasite Medical Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, from 2013 to 2015. Interventions: Participants received per oral equol-containing supplement, 10 mg/day. Outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were percent changes in bone and cardiovascular parameters after 1 year supplementation with equol. The secondary measures included factors affecting the parameter changes and adverse effects associated with equol use for a year. Results: Reduction in arterial stiffness was observed after 12 months of equol supplement (1402.3 cm/s vs.1367.3 cm/s, p < 0.001). Significant reductions in respective parameters were observed in women with moderate and high risk for arteriosclerosis (median [95% confidence interval]: −3.2% [−5.79 to −0.74]; −12.65% [−18.52 to −4.28]; respectively); hypertriglyceridemia −45.53% [−70.24 to −5.58]; bone resorption risk (−15.15% [−23.71 to 1.56]; and bone fracture risk −26.68% [−76.43 to −5.99]. All 15 women with high baseline parathyroid hormone levels had achieved a median of 50% [−54.11 to −31.69] reduction from their baseline values. These associations were further confirmed in the results of multiple linear regression analysis. There were no reported adverse events or abnormal findings in the blood chemistry, Pap smear, mammography, and transvaginal ultrasound during periodic follow-ups. Conclusion: One year equol supplement was tolerable and induced improvement of certain bone and cardiovascular parameters, especially in higher risk groups. Further controlled studies are needed to explore long-term equol use for wellbeing of middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Yoshikata
- 1 Hamasite Clinic , Minato-ku, Japan .,2 Tokyo Midtown Medical Center , Minato-ku, Japan
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Lambert MNT, Hu LM, Jeppesen PB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of isoflavone formulations against estrogen-deficient bone resorption in peri- and postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:801-811. [PMID: 28768649 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related estrogen deficiency leads to accelerated bone resorption. There is evidence that, through selective estrogen receptor modulation, isoflavones may exert beneficial effects against estrogen-deficient bone loss. Isoflavone aglycones show higher bioavailability than their glycosidic counterparts and thus may have greater potency.Objective: To summarize evidence, we executed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining isoflavone therapies and bone mineral density (BMD) loss in peri- and postmenopausal women.Design: We systematically searched EMBASE and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating isoflavone therapies for treating BMD loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in estrogen-deficient women. Separate meta-analyses were carried out with the use of random-effects models for the lumbar spine and femoral neck for all studies providing isoflavones as aglycones.Results: Twenty-six RCTs (n = 2652) were included in the meta-analysis. At the lumbar spine, isoflavone treatment was associated with a significantly (P < 0.00001) higher weighted mean difference (WMD) of BMD change of 0.01 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.02) than the control. For the femoral neck (18 RCTs, n = 1604), isoflavone treatment showed a significantly (P < 0.01) higher WMD of BMD change of 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) compared with the control. When isolating studies that provide isoflavone aglycones in their treatment arm, the average effect was further significantly increased at the spine (5 RCTs, n = 682) to 0.04 (P < 0.00001; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) and femoral neck (4 RCTs, n = 524) to 0.03 (P < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) compared with the control. This protective effect against bone loss disappeared when only studies with formulations comprising predominantly isoflavone glycosides were included.Conclusions: Isoflavone treatments exert a moderately beneficial effect against estrogen-deficient bone loss in women. The effect appears dependent on whether isoflavone treatments are in aglycone form; we conclude that beneficial effects against bone loss may be enhanced for isoflavone aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Meng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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