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Iurk VB, Ingles M, Correa GS, Silva CR, Staichak G, Pileggi SAV, Christo SW, Domit C, Pileggi M. The potential influence of microplastics on the microbiome and disease susceptibility in sea turtles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174298. [PMID: 38944299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are particles with sizes of ≤5 mm formed when plastic materials break down. These contaminants are often found in marine environments, making it easy for sea turtles to ingest them and for their microbiome to be exposed. MPs can disrupt microbiome balance, leading to dysbiosis and making organisms more susceptible to diseases. Owing to the significance of these processes, it is crucial to dedicate research to studying the metabolic and genetic analysis of the gut microbiome in sea turtles. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of exposure to MPs on the gut microbiome of sea turtles, based on current knowledge. This review also aimed to explore the potential link between MP exposure and disease susceptibility in these animals. We show that the metabolites produced by the gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), polyamines, and polysaccharide A, can regulate the expression of host genes. Regulation occurs through various mechanisms, including histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and the modulation of cytokine gene expression. These processes are essential for preserving the integrity of the gut mucosa and enhancing the functionality of immune cells. Exposure to MPs disrupts the gut microbiome and alters gene expression, leading to immune system disturbances in sea turtles. This vulnerability makes turtles more susceptible to opportunistic microorganisms such as chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChAHV5), which is linked to the development of fibropapillomatosis (FP). Additionally, targeted dietary interventions or the use of live microorganisms such as probiotics can help restore microbial biodiversity and recover lost metabolic pathways. The goal of these interventions is to restore the functionality of the immune system in sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation at specialized centers. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in sea turtle health, sparking discussions and investigations that can potentially lead to promising treatments for these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Bonfim Iurk
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR 832555-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ingles
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR 832555-000, Brazil
| | - Giovana Sequinel Correa
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rosa Silva
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Staichak
- Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, MT 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia Alvim Veiga Pileggi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-000, Brazil.
| | - Susete Wambier Christo
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Domit
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR 832555-000, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-000, Brazil.
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2
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Castro-López C, Pascacio-Villafán C, Aluja M, García HS, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Hernández-Mendoza A. Safety Assessment of the Potential Probiotic Bacterium Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23 Using the Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew, Diptera: Tephritidae) as a Novel In Vivo Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:233-248. [PMID: 36574190 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Safety assessment of probiotics is difficult but essential. In this work, the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was used as in vivo model to assess the biosafety of Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23. In the first set of experiments, the strain was orally administered to adult flies through direct feeding, whereas in the second set of experiments, it was supplemented through the larval rearing medium. Data showed that L. fermentum J23 did not lead to increased mortality or treatment-related toxicity signs in adult female and male flies. Ingestion of L. fermentum J23 by adult female flies led to a statistically significant improvement in locomotor activity compared to the control groups (ca. 59% decrease in climbing time, p < 0.0001). A positive trend in lifespan extension under stress (maximum lifespan = 144 h) was also observed. When L. fermentum J23 was administered to the larvae, the adult emergence (p = 0.0099), sex ratio (p = 0.0043), and flight ability (p = 0.0009) increased significantly by 7%, 31%, and 8%, respectively, compared to the control diet. No statistical effect between the control diet and the L. fermentum J23-based diet for the number of pupae recovered, pupal weight, duration of the pupal stage, lifespan under stress, and morphological development was observed. We conclude that feeding L. fermentum J23 to the novel experimental model A. ludens had no toxic effects and could be safely considered a potential probiotic for food supplements; however, further studies are still needed to establish its biosafety in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Carlos Pascacio-Villafán
- Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología A.C. ‒ INECOL, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Veracruz, 91073, Xalapa, México
| | - Martin Aluja
- Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología A.C. ‒ INECOL, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Veracruz, 91073, Xalapa, México.
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, 91897, Veracruz, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México.
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3
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Golchin A, Ranjbarvan P, Parviz S, Shokati A, Naderi R, Rasmi Y, Kiani S, Moradi F, Heidari F, Saltanatpour Z, Alizadeh A. The role of probiotics in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2023; 18:635-657. [PMID: 37492007 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) as an emerging field is a multidisciplinary science and combines basic sciences such as biomaterials science, biology, genetics and medical sciences to achieve functional TERM-based products to regenerate or replace damaged or diseased tissues or organs. Probiotics are useful microorganisms which have multiple effective functions on human health. They have some immunomodulatory and biocompatibility effects and improve wound healing. In this article, we describe the latest findings on probiotics and their pro-healing properties on various body systems that are useable in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review presents a new perspective on the therapeutic potential of probiotics for TERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golchin
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Cellular & Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Parviz Ranjbarvan
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Cellular & Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Shima Parviz
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied cell sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Amene Shokati
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Neurophysiology Research center & Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center & Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kiani
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48157-33971, Iran
| | - Faezeh Moradi
- Department of Tissue engineering, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Zohreh Saltanatpour
- Pediatric Cell & Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center & Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35147-99422, Iran
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4
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Li Y, Dong X, Zhang Y, Xiao T, Zhao Y, Wang H. Astragalus polysaccharide improves the growth, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and bacterial resistance of Furong crucian carp (Furong carp♀ × red crucian carp♂). Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124999. [PMID: 37244344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the functional effects of APS (Astragalus polysaccharide) on Furong crucian carp, APS-supplemented diets (0.00 %, 0.05 %, 0.10 % and 0.15 %) were prepared and utilized in feeding experiment. The results showed that the 0.05 % APS group has the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate, and the lowest feed coefficient rate. In addition, 0.05 % APS supplement could improve muscle elasticity, adhesiveness and chewiness. Moreover, the 0.15 % APS group had the highest spleen-somatic index and the 0.05 % group had the maximum intestinal villus length. 0.05 % and 0.10 % APS addition significantly increased T-AOC and CAT activities while MDA contents decreased in all APS groups. The plasma TNF-α levels in all APS groups significantly increased (P<0.05), and the 0.05 % group showed the highest TNF-α level in spleen. In APS addition groups, the tlr8, lgp2 and mda5 gene expressions were significantly elevated, while xbp1, caspase-2 and caspase-9 expressions decreased in uninfected and A. hydrophila-infected fish. Finally, higher survival rate and slower disease outbreak rate were observed in APS-supplemented groups after being infected by A. hydrophila. In conclusion, Furong crucian carp fed by APS-supplemented diets possesses elevated weight gain rate and specific growth rate, and improved meat quality, immunity and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguo Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaohu Dong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiaoyi Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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5
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Srivastava P, Sondak T, Sivashanmugam K, Kim KS. A Review of Immunomodulatory Reprogramming by Probiotics in Combating Chronic and Acute Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2436. [PMID: 36365254 PMCID: PMC9699442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by a lack of angiogenesis and distal limb diabetic neuropathy. This makes it possible for opportunistic pathogens to protect the biofilm-encased micro-communities, causing a delay in wound healing. The acute and chronic phases of DFU-associated infections are distinguished by the differential expression of innate proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α and -β). Efforts are being made to reduce the microbial bioburden of wounds by using therapies such as debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, shock wave therapy, and empirical antibiotic treatment. However, the constant evolution of pathogens limits the effectiveness of these therapies. In the wound-healing process, continuous homeostasis and remodeling processes by commensal microbes undoubtedly provide a protective barrier against diverse pathogens. Among commensal microbes, probiotics are beneficial microbes that should be administered orally or topically to regulate gut-skin interaction and to activate inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine production. The goal of this review is to bridge the gap between the role of probiotics in managing the innate immune response and the function of proinflammatory mediators in diabetic wound healing. We also highlight probiotic encapsulation or nanoformulations with prebiotics and extracellular vesicles (EVs) as innovative ways to tackle target DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Tesalonika Sondak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Karthikeyan Sivashanmugam
- School of Biosciences and Technology, High Throughput Screening Lab, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kwang-sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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6
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Beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on glucose and triglycerides in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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7
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RAMAH A, YASUDA M, OHASHI Y, IMATAKE S, IMAIZUMI N, KIDA T, YANAGITA T, UEMURA R, BAAKHTARI M, BAKRY HH, ABDELALEEM NM, EL-SHEWY EA. Protective effects of probiotics against tannin-induced immunosuppression in broiler chickens. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:168-176. [PMID: 36258768 PMCID: PMC9533031 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tannins (TAs) are an anti-nutritional substance commonly used as a natural feed additive for livestock. However, our previous study described the dose-dependent adverse effects of TA on immune responses and growth in chickens. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a probiotic preparation (BT) consisting of three different bacteria (Bacillus mesenteric, Clostridium butyricum, and Streptococcus faecalis) against TA-induced immunosuppression in chickens. Forty chicks were divided into 4 groups as follows: the CON group (basal diet), BT group supplemented with 3 g BT/kg diet, tannic acid (TA) group supplemented with 30 g TA/kg diet, and BT+TA group supplemented with 3 g BT/kg diet + 30 g TA/kg diet. The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. Lymphocyte subset, macrophage phagocytosis, cytokine mRNA expression, and primary and secondary IgY immune responses were evaluated. BT supplementation significantly improved TA-induced reductions in final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and relative weights of lymphoid organs compared with the TA group. Furthermore, in the spleen and cecal tonsil (CT), the relative populations of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ cells in the BT+TA group were significantly ameliorated compared with the TA group. Additionally, comparison with the TA group showed that the chickens in the BT+TA group had an improved relative population of B cells in the CT and that macrophage phagocytosis in the spleen was significantly increased. Chickens in the BT+TA group showed significant increases in IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA expression in the spleen compared with the TA group. The primary and secondary IgY responses were significantly improved. These results revealed that supplementation with BT protects against TA-induced immunosuppression in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany RAMAH
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Masahiro YASUDA
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuki OHASHI
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shoichiro IMATAKE
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Noriko IMAIZUMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo KIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tenya YANAGITA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoko UEMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mahmoud BAAKHTARI
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Balkh University, Balkh 1702,
Afghanistan
| | - Hatem H. BAKRY
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Nabila M. ABDELALEEM
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Elham A EL-SHEWY
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
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8
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Mazkour S, Shekarforoush SS, Basiri S, Namazi F, Zarei‐Kordshouli F. Protective effects of oral administration of mixed probiotic spores of
Bacillus subtilis
and
Bacillus coagulans
on gut microbiota changes and intestinal and liver damage of rats infected with
Salmonella
Typhimurium
. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Mazkour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Sara Basiri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Namazi
- Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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9
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Sharma R, Diwan B, Sharma A, Witkowski JM. Emerging cellular senescence-centric understanding of immunological aging and its potential modulation through dietary bioactive components. Biogerontology 2022; 23:699-729. [PMID: 36261747 PMCID: PMC9581456 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological aging is strongly associated with the observable deleterious effects of human aging. Our understanding of the causes, effects, and therapeutics of aging immune cells has long been considered within the sole purview of immunosenescence. However, it is being progressively realized that immunosenescence may not be the only determinant of immunological aging. The cellular senescence-centric theory of aging proposes a more fundamental and specific role of immune cells in regulating senescent cell (SC) burden in aging tissues that has augmented the notion of senescence immunotherapy. Now, in addition, several emerging studies are suggesting that cellular senescence itself may be prevalent in aging immune cells, and that senescent immune cells exhibiting characteristic markers of cellular senescence, similar to non-leucocyte cells, could be among the key drivers of various facets of physiological aging. The present review integrates the current knowledge related to immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells per se, and aims at providing a cohesive overview of these two phenomena and their significance in immunity and aging. We present evidence and rationalize that understanding the extent and impact of cellular senescence in immune cells vis-à-vis immunosenescence is necessary for truly comprehending the notion of an 'aged immune cell'. In addition, we also discuss the emerging significance of dietary factors such as phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria, fatty acids, and micronutrients as possible modulators of immunosenescence and cellular senescence. Evidence and opportunities related to nutritional bioactive components and immunological aging have been deliberated to augment potential nutrition-oriented immunotherapy during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- grid.430140.20000 0004 1799 5083Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- grid.430140.20000 0004 1799 5083Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- grid.464631.20000 0004 1775 3615Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037 India
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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Shini S, Bryden WL. Probiotics and gut health: linking gut homeostasis and poultry productivity. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics in poultry production has increased rapidly, and this movement has been promoted by global events, such as the prohibition or decline in the use of antibiotic growth promotants in poultry feeds. There has been a persistent search for alternative feed additives, and probiotics have shown that they can restore the composition of the gut microbiota, and produce health benefits to the host, including improvements in performance. Probiotics have shown potential to increase productivity in poultry, especially in flocks challenged by stressors. However, the outcomes of probiotic use have not always been consistent. There is an increasing demand for well defined products that can be applied strategically, and currently, probiotic research is focusing on delineating their mechanisms of action in the gut that contribute to an improved efficacy. In particular, mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of intestinal barrier integrity and the role of the gut microbiota are being extensively investigated. It has been shown that probiotics modulate intestinal immune pathways both directly and through interactions with the gut microbiota. These interactions are key to maintaining gut homeostasis and function, and improving feed efficiency. Research has demonstrated that probiotics execute their effects through multiple mechanisms. The present review describes recent advances in probiotic use in poultry. It focuses on the current understanding of gut homeostasis and gut health in chickens, and how it can be assessed and improved through supplementation of poultry diets with probiotics in poultry diets. In particular, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of gut barrier structure and function are described. It also highlights important factors that influence probiotic efficacy and bird performance.
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11
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Jantararussamee C, Rodniem S, Taweechotipatr M, Showpittapornchai U, Pradidarcheep W. Hepatoprotective Effect of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:40-50. [PMID: 32468435 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix. Probiotics have been used to prevent and treat various disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, and Weissella confusa) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) TAA, (3) TAA+probiotics, (4) TAA+silymarin, and (5) probiotics. Group 1 rats received a standard diet. In groups 2-4, fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (200 mg/kg BW) 3 times weekly for 8 consecutive weeks. Group 4 received TAA plus 100 mg/kg BW of silymarin 2 times weekly. Groups 3 and 5 were fed 109 CFU/mL viable microbial cells daily by gavage. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment. Liver tissues were collected immediately and processed for histopathological, lipid peroxidation, and Western blot analyses of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and α-SMA. Blood serum was collected to measure liver enzymes. Rats in the TAA groups suffered from hepatic injury (increased serum enzyme levels, liver inflammation, and increased concentration of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and α-SMA proteins) and extensive liver fibrosis. In contrast, TAA-treated rats receiving probiotics or silymarin had significantly lower serum enzyme levels, less inflammation, and less fibrosis. Liver damage was lower in the TAA+probiotics-treated group. Consumption of a mixture of probiotic lactic acid bacteria attenuates the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittapon Jantararussamee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Siripa Rodniem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Udomsri Showpittapornchai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
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12
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Almada-Érix CN, Almada CN, Cabral L, Barros de Medeiros VP, Roquetto AR, Santos-Junior VA, Fontes M, Gonçalves AESS, Dos Santos A, Lollo PC, Magnani M, Sant'Ana AS. Orange Juice and Yogurt Carrying Probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086: Impact of Intake on Wistar Male Rats Health Parameters and Gut Bacterial Diversity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:623951. [PMID: 34135869 PMCID: PMC8202523 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the food matrix (orange juice and yogurt) on the effects of the spore-forming probiotic microorganism Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086 in health parameters and gastrointestinal tract (gut) bacterial diversity in Wistar male rats. Rats (n = 48) were randomly distributed into six groups. The groups were the Control (which received sterile distilled water), Juice (which received orange juice), Yogurt (which received yogurt), Probiotic Bacillus (which received B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 in distilled water), Probiotic Juice (which received orange juice with B. coagulans GBI-30 6086), and Probiotic Yogurt (which received yogurt with B. coagulans GBI-30 6086). Each animal belonging to the different groups was treated for 21 days. The daily administration of probiotic juice or probiotic yogurt did not affect the rats’ food or body weight. Rats fed with Probiotic Yogurt showed lower glucose and triglycerides levels (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05), while no changes in these parameters were observed in the rats fed with Probiotic Juice. Rats fed with Probiotic Yogurt showed a higher gut bacterial diversity than the control group (p < 0.05), and higher abundance (p < 0.05) of Vibrionales, Enterobacteriales, Burkholderiales, Erysipelotrichales, and Bifidobacteriales compared to all other groups. No changes were observed in the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes or heat shock protein 70 of rats fed with probiotic yogurt or probiotic juice. Results reveal that the consumption of yogurt containing B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 decreases triglycerides and glucose levels and positively impacts the gut bacterial ecology in healthy rats. These animal model findings indicate that the matrix also impacts the functionality of foods carrying spore-forming probiotics. Besides, this research indicates that yogurt is also a suitable food carrier of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine N Almada-Érix
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Almada
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Cabral
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Viviane Priscila Barros de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Food, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Aline R Roquetto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Valfredo A Santos-Junior
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Great Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Melline Fontes
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Any Elisa S S Gonçalves
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Dos Santos
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pablo C Lollo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Great Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Food, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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13
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Genomics-based approaches to identify and predict the health-promoting and safety activities of promising probiotic strains – A probiogenomics review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Baindara P, Chakraborty R, Holliday Z, Mandal S, Schrum A. Oral probiotics in coronavirus disease 2019: connecting the gut-lung axis to viral pathogenesis, inflammation, secondary infection and clinical trials. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 40:100837. [PMID: 33425362 PMCID: PMC7785423 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defined as helpful live bacteria that can provide medical advantages to the host when administered in tolerable amounts, oral probiotics might be worth considering as a possible preventive or therapeutic modality to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom severity. This hypothesis stems from an emerging understanding of the gut-lung axis wherein probiotic microbial species in the digestive tract can influence systemic immunity, lung immunity, and possibly viral pathogenesis and secondary infection co-morbidities. We review the principles underlying the gut-lung axis, examples of probiotic-associated antiviral activities, and current clinical trials in COVID-19 based on oral probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Corresponding author: P. Baindara, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - R. Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, North Bengal University, Darjeeling, India
| | - Z.M. Holliday
- Pulmonary Disease, Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S.M. Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India,Corresponding author: S.M. Mandal, Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - A.G. Schrum
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical, Biological, & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Corresponding author: A. Schrum, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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15
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Gholami A, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Ghasemi Y, Talezadeh P, Koohpeyma F, Montazeri-Najafabady N. Probiotics ameliorate pioglitazone-associated bone loss in diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pioglitazone, as a PPAR gamma agonist, is used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, evidence showed that the therapeutic modulation of PPAR gamma activity using pioglitazone might be linked with bone mass reduction and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objective of the current research was to inspect the preventive role of some types of probiotic strains, including (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans) against pioglitazone-induced bone loss.
Methods
Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were fed orally with pioglitazone (300 mg/kg) and probiotics (1 × 109 CFU/ml/day) alone and in combination for four weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess BMD, BMC, and area of the femur, spine, and tibia at the end of the experiment. Serum glucose, serum calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus (P), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urine calcium were also analyzed.
Results
Administration of pioglitazone and probiotics alone and, in combination, significantly reduced elevated blood glucose. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium and BUN and decreased ALP and creatinine. Co-treatment of probiotics with pioglitazone significantly decreased urinary calcium, creatinine, and ALP. Pioglitazone showed detrimental effects on femur-BMD, whereas treatment with probiotics remarkably ameliorated these effects. Among the tested probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum displayed the best protective effects on pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats.
Conclusion
This study suggests probiotic supplementation in diabetic patients on pioglitazone regime could be considering as an excellent strategy to ameliorate bone loss induced by pioglitazone.
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16
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Shini S, Zhang D, Aland RC, Li X, Dart PJ, Callaghan MJ, Speight RE, Bryden WL. Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 ameliorates subclinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks by maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity and improving feed efficiency. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4278-4293. [PMID: 32867972 PMCID: PMC7597999 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) was induced in broiler chicks using a high dose of Eimeria spp. vaccine in the drinking water on day 9, and Clostridium perfringens (Cp) culture mixed in the feed on days 14 and 15. The aim was to evaluate the effects of probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 (H57) in preventing NE in chicks. Day-old Ross 308, male broilers were weighed and randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups (6 replicate cages/treatment and 8 birds/cage). Birds in group 1 (control) were fed the basal wheat-soybean diet without H57 or NE infection; in group 2 (Eimeria) were treated with Eimeria alone; in group 3 (Cp) were treated with Cp alone; in group 4 (NE) received both Eimeria and Cp; in group 5 (NE-H57) received NE infection and H57; and group 6 (H57) received H57. The basal diet of chicks in groups 5 and 6 was supplemented with H57 at a density of 2 × 108 spores/g feed from 1 D of age. On day 21, there were no significant treatment effects on BW and feed intake between control and H57 birds. However, on day 21, the feed conversion ratio of NE-H57 birds was significantly improved when compared with NE birds (1.28 vs. 1.36; P < 0.001). Birds challenged with NE had a higher occurrence of pasty vent than birds infected with either Eimeria, Cp, or NE-H57 (41 vs. 27 vs. 29 vs. 19%, respectively; P < 0.001). Intestinal lesion scores of NE birds were also higher than those of Eimeria, Cp, and NE-H57 birds (5.67 vs. 2.56 vs. 2.78 vs. 2.10, respectively; P < 0.001) and correlated with pasty vent (Pearson's r = 0.56; P < 0.001). Microscopic evaluation showed mucosal damage and necrosis in NE birds. In contrast, villi from NE-H57 birds were normal, with no damage or infiltration with Eimeria or Cp. H57 appears to be effective in challenged birds, as it maintained epithelial barrier integrity and improved feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shini
- School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - D Zhang
- School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - R C Aland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4071, Australia
| | - X Li
- School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - P J Dart
- School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - M J Callaghan
- Ridley AgriProducts Pty Ltd, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - R E Speight
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - W L Bryden
- School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton Queensland 4343, Australia
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Pop OL, Pop CR, Dufrechou M, Vodnar DC, Socaci SA, Dulf FV, Minervini F, Suharoschi R. Edible Films and Coatings Functionalization by Probiotic Incorporation: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:E12. [PMID: 31861657 PMCID: PMC7022843 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible coatings and films represent an alternative packaging system characterized by being more environment- and customer-friendly than conventional systems of food protection. Research on edible coatings requires multidisciplinary efforts by food engineers, biopolymer specialists and biotechnologists. Entrapment of probiotic cells in edible films or coatings is a favorable approach that may overcome the limitations linked with the use of bioactive compounds in or on food products. The recognition of several health advantages associated with probiotics ingestion is worldwide accepted and well documented. Nevertheless, due to the low stability of probiotics in the food processing steps, in the food matrices and in the gastrointestinal tract, this kind of encapsulation is of high relevance. The development of new and functional edible packaging may lead to new functional foods. This review will focus on edible coatings and films containing probiotic cells (obtaining techniques, materials, characteristics, and applications) and the innovative entrapment techniques use to obtained such packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana L. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.R.P.); (D.C.V.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Carmen R. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.R.P.); (D.C.V.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Marie Dufrechou
- USC 1422 GRAPPE, INRA, Ecole Supérieur d’Agriculture, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 55 rue Rabelais, BP 30748, 4900 Agnes Cedex 01, France;
| | - Dan C. Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.R.P.); (D.C.V.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sonia A. Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.R.P.); (D.C.V.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Francisc V. Dulf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Fabio Minervini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.R.P.); (D.C.V.); (S.A.S.)
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18
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Akal HC, Öztürkoğlu Budak Ş, Yetisemiyen A. Potential Probiotic Microorganisms in Kefir. MICROBIAL CULTURES AND ENZYMES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5363-2.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are defined as living microorganisms that provide health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts. The benefits include improvement of microbial balance immune system and oral health, provision of cholesterol-lowering effect, and antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of bacteria and some fungi. Kefir microbiota contains active living microorganisms. Many researches were carried out that potential probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus kefir, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, or yeasts like microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus were isolated from kefir grains. This chapter presents the data both on the probiotic bacteria isolated from kefir grains or kefir and the probiotic properties of kefir produced with these microorganisms.
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