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Liu Y, Wu Z, Armstrong DW, Wolosker H, Zheng Y. Detection and analysis of chiral molecules as disease biomarkers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:355-373. [PMID: 37117811 PMCID: PMC10175202 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The chirality of small metabolic molecules is important in controlling physiological processes and indicating the health status of humans. Abnormal enantiomeric ratios of chiral molecules in biofluids and tissues occur in many diseases, including cancers and kidney and brain diseases. Thus, chiral small molecules are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, adverse drug-effect monitoring, pharmacodynamic studies and personalized medicine. However, it remains difficult to achieve cost-effective and reliable analysis of small chiral molecules in clinical procedures, in part owing to their large variety and low concentration. In this Review, we describe current and emerging techniques that detect and quantify small-molecule enantiomers and their biological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoran Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zilong Wu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Sturgeon protein-derived peptide KIWHHTF prevents insulin resistance via modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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3
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van Kessel E, Berendsen S, Baumfalk AE, Venugopal H, Krijnen EA, Spliet WGM, van Hecke W, Giuliani F, Seute T, van Zandvoort MJE, Snijders TJ, Robe PA. Tumor-related molecular determinants of neurocognitive deficits in patients with diffuse glioma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1660-1670. [PMID: 35148403 PMCID: PMC9527514 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with diffuse glioma, and is the result of multiple factors. We hypothesized that molecular tumor characteristics influence neurocognitive functioning (NCF), and aimed to identify tumor-related markers of NCF in diffuse glioma patients. METHODS We examined the relation between cognitive performance (executive function, memory, and psychomotor speed) and intratumoral expression levels of molecular markers in treatment-naive patients with diffuse glioma. We performed a single-center study in a consecutive cohort, through a two-step design: (1) hypothesis-free differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis to identify candidate oncogenetic markers for cognitive impairment. Nineteen molecular markers of interest were derived from this set of genes, as well as from prior knowledge; (2) correlation of cognitive performance to intratumoral expression levels of these nineteen molecular markers, measured with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS From 708 included patients with immunohistochemical data, we performed an in-depth analysis of neuropsychological data in 197, and differential expression analysis in 65 patients. After correcting for tumor volume and location, we found significant associations between expression levels of CD3 and IDH-1 and psychomotor speed; between IDH-1, ATRX, NLGN3, BDNF, CK2Beta, EAAT1, GAT-3, SRF, and memory performance; and between IDH-1, P-STAT5b, NLGN3, CK2Beta, and executive functioning. P-STAT5b, CD163, CD3, and Semaphorin-3A were independently associated after further correction for histopathological grade. CONCLUSION Molecular characteristics of glioma can be independent determinants of patients' cognitive functioning. This suggests that besides tumor volume, location, and histological grade, variations in glioma biology influence cognitive performance through mechanisms that include perturbation of neuronal communication. These results pave the way towards targeted cognition improving therapies in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van Kessel
- Corresponding Author: Emma van Kesssel, MD, University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, internal address G03.232, PO Box 85500, 3508 XC Utrecht, The Netherlands ()
| | - Sharon Berendsen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek E Baumfalk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hema Venugopal
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Krijnen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Seute
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mortazavi A, Fayed I, Bachani M, Dowdy T, Jahanipour J, Khan A, Owotade J, Walbridge S, Inati SK, Steiner J, Wu J, Gilbert M, Yang CZ, Larion M, Maric D, Ksendzovsky A, Zaghloul KA. IDH-mutated gliomas promote epileptogenesis through d-2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent mTOR hyperactivation. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1423-1435. [PMID: 34994387 PMCID: PMC9435503 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled seizures in patients with gliomas have a significant impact on quality of life and morbidity, yet the mechanisms through which these tumors cause seizures remain unknown. Here, we hypothesize that the active metabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2-HG) produced by the IDH-mutant enzyme leads to metabolic disruptions in surrounding cortical neurons that consequently promote seizures. METHODS We use a complementary study of in vitro neuron-glial cultures and electrographically sorted human cortical tissue from patients with IDH-mutant gliomas to test this hypothesis. We utilize micro-electrode arrays for in vitro electrophysiological studies in combination with pharmacological manipulations and biochemical studies to better elucidate the impact of d-2-HG on cortical metabolism and neuronal spiking activity. RESULTS We demonstrate that d-2-HG leads to increased neuronal spiking activity and promotes a distinct metabolic profile in surrounding neurons, evidenced by distinct metabolomic shifts and increased LDHA expression, as well as upregulation of mTOR signaling. The increases in neuronal activity are induced by mTOR activation and reversed with mTOR inhibition. CONCLUSION Together, our data suggest that metabolic disruptions in the surrounding cortex due to d-2-HG may be a driving event for epileptogenesis in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mortazavi
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Islam Fayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Muzna Bachani
- NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyrone Dowdy
- NeuroOncology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jahandar Jahanipour
- Flow and Cytometry Core, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anas Khan
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jemima Owotade
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stuart Walbridge
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara K Inati
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Steiner
- NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- NeuroOncology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Gilbert
- NeuroOncology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chun Zhang Yang
- NeuroOncology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mioara Larion
- NeuroOncology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Cytometry Core, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- Corresponding Author: Kareem A. Zaghloul, MD, PhD, Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 3D20, 10 Center Drive Bethesda, MD 20892-1414, USA ()
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Pesce A, Armocida D, Paglia F, Palmieri M, Frati A, D'Andrea G, Salvati M, Santoro A. IDH Wild-type Glioblastoma Presenting with Seizure: Clinical Specificity, and Oncologic and Surgical Outcomes. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021; 83:351-360. [PMID: 34794192 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain neoplasia in adults. Seizure is a common manifestation in GBM. Up to 25 to 60% of patients with GBM have seizures. We aim to summarize all the relevant clinical, surgical, radiologic, and molecular features of a cohort of patients suffering from GBM-related epilepsy and measure the outcome, to understand the possible existence of a clinical/phenotypical specificity of this subgroup of patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 177 patients affected by isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (IDH-WT) GBM; 49 patients presented seizure at onset (SaO) and 128 were seizure free (SF). We investigated the relationship between seizures and other prognostic factors of GBMs. RESULTS A statistically significant association between the location of the lesions in the parietal lobe and seizures was observed. The left side was more commonly affected. Interestingly, there was a statistical relationship between tumors involving the subventricular zone (SVZ) and SaO patients. The tumors were also smaller on average at diagnosis, and generalized SaOs were associated with longer overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The typical patient with IDH-WT GBM with SaO is a young (<55 year) male without a history of headache. The lesion is typically small to medium in size and located in the temporoparietal dominant lobe, with a high tendency to involve the SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Armocida
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Paglia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Palmieri
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS "Neuromed" Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Salvati
- IRCCS "Neuromed" Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organs Health, Tor Vergata University, Rome Italy
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Neuronal Death, Glial Reactivity, Microglia Activation, Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetics Impairment Caused by Intracerebroventricular Administration of D-2-hydroxyglutaric Acid to Neonatal Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 471:115-132. [PMID: 34333063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2-HG) accumulates and is the biochemical hallmark of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias (D-2-HGA) types I and II, which comprehend two inherited neurometabolic diseases with severe cerebral abnormalities. Since the pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly established, we tested whether D-2-HG could be neurotoxic to neonatal rats. D-2-HG intracerebroventricular administration caused marked vacuolation in cerebral cortex and striatum. In addition, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) staining was increased in both brain structures, suggesting glial reactivity and microglial activation. D-2-HG also provoked a reduction of NeuN-positive cells in cerebral cortex, signaling neuronal death. Considering that disturbances in redox homeostasis and energy metabolism may be involved in neuronal damage and glial reactivity, we assessed whether D-2-HG could induce oxidative stress and bioenergetics impairment. D-2-HG treatment significantly augmented reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, provoked lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage, diminished glutathione concentrations and augmented superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in cerebral cortex. Increased reactive oxygen species generation, lipoperoxidation and protein oxidation were also found in striatum. Furthermore, the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptor MK-801 and the antioxidant melatonin were able to prevent most of D-2-HG-induced pro-oxidant effects, implying the participation of these receptors in D-2-HG-elicited oxidative damage. Our results also demonstrated that D-2-HG markedly reduced the respiratory chain complex IV and creatine kinase activities. It is presumed that these deleterious pathomechanisms caused by D-2-HGA may be involved in the brain abnormalities characteristic of early-infantile onset D-2-HGA.
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Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it can be generated by reducing the ketone group of α-KG to a hydroxyl group. The significant role that 2-HG plays has been certified in the pathophysiology of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA), tumors harboring mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2mt), and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is taken as an oncometabolite, raising much attention on its oncogenic mechanism. In recent years, 2-HG has been verified to accumulate in the context of hypoxia or acidic pH, and there are also researches confirming the vital role that 2-HG plays in the fate decision of immune cells. Therefore, 2-HG not only participates in tumorigenesis. This text will also summarize 2-HG’s identities besides being an oncometabolite and will discuss their enlightenment for future research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Armstrong TS, Grant R, Gilbert MR, Lee JW, Norden AD. Epilepsy in glioma patients: mechanisms, management, and impact of anticonvulsant therapy. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:779-89. [PMID: 26527735 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are a well-recognized symptom of primary brain tumors, and anticonvulsant use is common. This paper provides an overview of epilepsy and the use of anticonvulsants in glioma patients. Overall incidence and mechanisms of epileptogenesis are reviewed. Factors to consider with the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) including incidence during the disease trajectory and prophylaxis along with considerations in the selection of anticonvulsant use (ie, potential side effects, drug interactions, adverse effects, and impact on survival) are also reviewed. Finally, areas for future research and exploring the pathophysiology and use of AEDs in this population are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri S Armstrong
- Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, UK (R.G.); Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.R.G.); Division of EEG and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.W.L.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N.)
| | - Robin Grant
- Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, UK (R.G.); Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.R.G.); Division of EEG and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.W.L.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N.)
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, UK (R.G.); Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.R.G.); Division of EEG and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.W.L.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N.)
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, UK (R.G.); Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.R.G.); Division of EEG and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.W.L.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N.)
| | - Andrew D Norden
- Department of Family Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, UK (R.G.); Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.R.G.); Division of EEG and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.W.L.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N.)
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da Rosa M, Seminotti B, Amaral A, Parmeggiani B, de Oliveira F, Leipnitz G, Wajner M. Disruption of redox homeostasis and histopathological alterations caused by in vivo intrastriatal administration of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid to young rats. Neuroscience 2014; 277:281-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kranendijk M, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Van der Knaap MS, Jakobs C. Progress in understanding 2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:571-87. [PMID: 22391998 PMCID: PMC3388262 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The organic acidurias D: -2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA), L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA), and combined D,L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D,L-2-HGA) cause neurological impairment at young age. Accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) and/or L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG) in body fluids are the biochemical hallmarks of these disorders. The current review describes the knowledge gathered on 2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias (2-HGA), since the description of the first patients in 1980. We report on the clinical, genetic, enzymatic and metabolic characterization of D-2-HGA type I, D-2-HGA type II, L-2-HGA and D,L-2-HGA, whereas for D-2-HGA type I and type II novel clinical information is presented which was derived from questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kranendijk
- Metabolic Unit - Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard A. Struys
- Metabolic Unit - Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gajja S. Salomons
- Metabolic Unit - Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis Jakobs
- Metabolic Unit - Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brauburger K, Burckhardt G, Burckhardt BC. The sodium-dependent di- and tricarboxylate transporter, NaCT, is not responsible for the uptake of D-, L-2-hydroxyglutarate and 3-hydroxyglutarate into neurons. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:477-82. [PMID: 21264516 PMCID: PMC3063566 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of glutarate (GA) and its derivatives such as 3-hydroxyglutarate (3OHGA), D- (D-2OHGA) and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2OHGA) are increased in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine of patients suffering from different forms of organic acidurias. It has been proposed that these derivatives cause neuronal damage in these patients, leading to dystonic and dyskinetic movement disorders. We have recently shown that these compounds are eliminated by the kidneys via the human organic anion transporters, OAT1 and OAT4, and the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter 3, NaDC3. In neurons, where most of the damage occurs, a sodium-dependent citrate transporter, NaCT, has been identified. Therefore, we investigated the impact of GA derivatives on hNaCT by two-electrode voltage clamp and tracer uptake studies. None of these compounds induced substrate-associated currents in hNaCT-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes nor did GA derivatives inhibit the uptake of citrate, the prototypical substrate of hNaCT. In contrast, D- and L-2OHGA, but not 3OHGA, showed affinities to NaDC3, indicating that D- and L-2OHGA impair the uptake of dicarboxylates into astrocytes thereby possibly interfering with their feeding of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Brauburger
- Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abt. Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Burckhardt
- Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abt. Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgitta C. Burckhardt
- Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abt. Vegetative Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Neurotransmitter alterations in embryonic succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency suggest a heightened excitatory state during development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:112. [PMID: 19040727 PMCID: PMC2642797 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SSADH (aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1 (Aldh5a1); gamma-hydroxybutyric (GHB) aciduria) deficiency is a defect of GABA degradation in which the neuromodulators GABA and GHB accumulate. The human phenotype is that of nonprogressive encephalopathy with prominent bilateral discoloration of the globi pallidi and variable seizures, the latter displayed prominently in Aldh5a1-/- mice with lethal convulsions. Metabolic studies in murine neural tissue have revealed elevated GABA [and its derivatives succinate semialdehyde (SSA), homocarnosine (HC), 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid (DHHA) and guanidinobutyrate (GB)] and GHB [and its analogue D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG)] at birth. Because of early onset seizures and the neurostructural anomalies observed in patients, we examined metabolite features during Aldh5a1-/- embryo development. METHODS Embryos were obtained from pregnant dams sacrificed at E (embryo day of life) 10-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-19 and newborn mice. Intact embryos were extracted and metabolites quantified by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (n = 5-15 subjects, Aldh5a1+/+ and Aldh5a1-/-) for each gestational age group. Data was evaluated using the t test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis. Significance was set at the 95th centile. RESULTS GABA and DHHA were significantly elevated at all gestational ages in Aldh5a1-/- mice, while GB was increased only late in gestation; SSA was not elevated at any time point. GHB and D-2-HG increased in an approximately linear fashion with gestational age. Correlative studies in human amniotic fluid from SSADH-deficient pregnancies (n = 5) also revealed significantly increased GABA. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate early GABAergic alterations in Aldh5a1-/- mice, possibly exacerbated by other metabolites, which likely induce a heightened excitatory state that may predispose neural networks to epilepsy in these animals.
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Struys EA, Verhoeven NM, Salomons GS, Berthelot J, Vianay-Saban C, Chabrier S, Thomas JA, Tsai ACH, Gibson KM, Jakobs C. D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in three patients with proven SSADH deficiency: genetic coincidence or a related biochemical epiphenomenon? Mol Genet Metab 2006; 88:53-7. [PMID: 16442322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency and D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA) are rare inborn errors of metabolism primarily revealed by urinary organic acid screening. Three patients with proven SSADH deficiency excreted, in addition to GHB considerable amounts of D-2-HG. We examined whether these patients suffered from two inborn errors of metabolism by measuring D-2-HG concentrations in the culture medium of cells from these patients. In addition, mutation analysis of the D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene was performed. Normal concentrations of D-2-HG were measured in the culture media of fibroblasts or lymphoblasts derived from the three patients. In one patient, we found a heterozygous likely pathogenic mutation in the D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene. These combined results argue against the hypothesis that the patients are affected with "primary" D-2-HGA in combination with their SSADH deficiency. Moderately increased levels of D-2-HG were also found in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid samples derived from 12 other patients with SSADH deficiency, revealing that D-2-HG is a common metabolite in this disease. The increase of D-2-HG in SSADH deficiency can be explained by the action of hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, a reversible enzyme that oxidases GHB in the presence of 2-ketoglutarate yielding SSA and D-2-HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Struys
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Struys EA, Korman SH, Salomons GS, Darmin PS, Achouri Y, van Schaftingen E, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C. Mutations in phenotypically mild D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Ann Neurol 2005; 58:626-30. [PMID: 16037974 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a neurometabolic disorder with mild and severe phenotypes. Recently, we reported pathogenic mutations in the D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene as the cause of the severe phenotype of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in two patients. Here, we report two novel pathogenic mutations in this gene in one patient with a mild presentation and two asymptomatic siblings with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria from two unrelated consanguineous Palestinian families: a splice error (IVS4-2A-->G) and a missense mutation (c.1315A-->G;p.Asn439Asp). Overexpression of this mutant protein showed marked reduction of the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard A Struys
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Wajner M, Latini A, Wyse ATS, Dutra-Filho CS. The role of oxidative damage in the neuropathology of organic acidurias: insights from animal studies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2004; 27:427-48. [PMID: 15303000 DOI: 10.1023/b:boli.0000037353.13085.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic acidurias represent a group of inherited disorders resulting from deficient activity of specific enzymes of the catabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates or lipids, leading to tissue accumulation of one or more carboxylic (organic) acids. Patients affected by organic acidurias predominantly present neurological symptoms and structural brain abnormalities, of which the aetiopathogenesis is poorly understood. However, in recent years increasing evidence has emerged suggesting that oxidative stress is possibly involved in the pathology of some organic acidurias and other inborn errors of metabolism. This review addresses some of the recent developments obtained mainly from animal studies indicating oxidative damage as an important determinant of the neuropathophysiology of some organic acidurias. Recent data showing that various organic acids are capable of inducing free radical generation and decreasing brain antioxidant defences is presented. The discussion focuses on the relatively low antioxidant defences of the brain and the vulnerability of this tissue to reactive species. This offers new perspectives for potential therapeutic strategies for these disorders, which may include the early use of appropriate antioxidants as a novel adjuvant therapy, besides the usual treatment based on removing toxic compounds and using special diets and pharmacological agents, such as cofactors and L-carnitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wajner
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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