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Yamamoto EA, Koike S, Luther M, Dennis L, Lim MM, Raskind M, Pagulayan K, Iliff J, Peskind E, Piantino JA. Perivascular Space Burden and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in US Veterans With Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1565-1577. [PMID: 38185848 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is recognized as the "signature injury" of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Sleep disruption, mTBI, and neuroinflammation have been individually linked to cerebral perivascular space (PVS) dilatation. Dilated PVSs are putative markers of impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid exchange, which plays an important role in removing cerebral waste. The aim of this cross-sectional, retrospective study was to define associations between biomarkers of inflammation and MRI-visible PVS (MV-PVS) burden in Veterans after blast-related mTBI (blast-mTBI) and controls. The CSF and plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations were compared between blast-mTBI and control groups and correlated with MV-PVS volume and number per white matter cm3. Multiple regression analyses were performed with inflammatory biomarkers as predictors and MV-PVS burden as the outcome. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed using the Banjamini-Hochberg method with a false discovery rate of 0.05. There were no group-wise differences in MV-PVS burden between Veterans with blast-mTBI and controls. Greater MV-PVS burden was significantly associated with higher concentrations of several proinflammatory biomarkers from CSF (i.e., eotaxin, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8) and plasma (i.e., MCP-4, IL-13) in the blast-mTBI group only. After controlling for sleep time and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, temporal MV-PVS burden remained significantly associated with higher CSF markers of inflammation in the blast-mTBI group only. These data support an association between central, rather than peripheral, neuroinflammation and MV-PVS burden in Veterans with blast-mTBI independent of sleep. Future studies should continue to explore the role of blast-mTBI related central inflammation in MV-PVS development, as well as investigate the impact of subclinical exposures on MV-PVS burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Yamamoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Child Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Seiji Koike
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Division of Child Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Madison Luther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura Dennis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Miranda M Lim
- Veterans Affairs VISN20 Northwest MIRECC, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Veterans Affairs (V.A.) Northwest (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Veterans Affairs (V.A.) Northwest (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen Pagulayan
- Veterans Affairs (V.A.) Northwest (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey Iliff
- Veterans Affairs (V.A.) Northwest (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Veterans Affairs (V.A.) Northwest (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juan A Piantino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Franco-O'Byrne D, Santamaría-García H, Migeot J, Ibáñez A. Emerging Theories of Allostatic-Interoceptive Overload in Neurodegeneration. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38637414 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent integrative multilevel models offer novel insights into the etiology and course of neurodegenerative conditions. The predictive coding of allostatic-interoception theory posits that the brain adapts to environmental demands by modulating internal bodily signals through the allostatic-interoceptive system. Specifically, a domain-general allostatic-interoceptive network exerts adaptive physiological control by fine-tuning initial top-down predictions and bottom-up peripheral signaling. In this context, adequate adaptation implies the minimization of prediction errors thereby optimizing energy expenditure. Abnormalities in top-down interoceptive predictions or peripheral signaling can trigger allostatic overload states, ultimately leading to dysregulated interoceptive and bodily systems (endocrine, immunological, circulatory, etc.). In this context, environmental stress, social determinants of health, and harmful exposomes (i.e., the cumulative life-course exposition to different environmental stressors) may interact with physiological and genetic factors, dysregulating allostatic interoception and precipitating neurodegenerative processes. We review the allostatic-interoceptive overload framework across different neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We describe how concepts of allostasis and interoception could be integrated with principles of predictive coding to explain how the brain optimizes adaptive responses, while maintaining physiological stability through feedback loops with multiple organismic systems. Then, we introduce the model of allostatic-interoceptive overload of bvFTD and discuss its implications for the understanding of pathophysiological and neurocognitive abnormalities in multiple neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franco-O'Byrne
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernando Santamaría-García
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joaquín Migeot
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Ibanez A, Kringelbach ML, Deco G. A synergetic turn in cognitive neuroscience of brain diseases. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:319-338. [PMID: 38246816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in our understanding of brain diseases, many barriers remain. Cognitive neuroscience faces four major challenges: complex structure-function associations; disease phenotype heterogeneity; the lack of transdiagnostic models; and oversimplified cognitive approaches restricted to the laboratory. Here, we propose a synergetics framework that can help to perform the necessary dimensionality reduction of complex interactions between the brain, body, and environment. The key solutions include low-dimensional spatiotemporal hierarchies for brain-structure associations, whole-brain modeling to handle phenotype diversity, model integration of shared transdiagnostic pathophysiological pathways, and naturalistic frameworks balancing experimental control and ecological validity. Creating whole-brain models with reduced manifolds combined with ecological measures can improve our understanding of brain disease and help identify novel interventions. Synergetics provides an integrated framework for future progress in clinical and cognitive neuroscience, pushing the boundaries of brain health and disease toward more mature, naturalistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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4
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Ibanez A, Northoff G. Intrinsic timescales and predictive allostatic interoception in brain health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105510. [PMID: 38104789 PMCID: PMC11184903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive neuroscience of brain diseases faces challenges in understanding the complex relationship between brain structure and function, the heterogeneity of brain phenotypes, and the lack of dimensional and transnosological explanations. This perspective offers a framework combining the predictive coding theory of allostatic interoceptive overload (PAIO) and the intrinsic neural timescales (INT) theory to provide a more dynamic understanding of brain health in psychiatry and neurology. PAIO integrates allostasis and interoception to assess the interaction between internal patterns and environmental stressors, while INT shows that different brain regions operate on different intrinsic timescales. The allostatic overload can be understood as a failure of INT, which involves a breakdown of proper temporal integration and segregation. This can lead to dimensional disbalances between exteroceptive/interoceptive inputs across brain and whole-body levels (cardiometabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, immune). This approach offers new insights, presenting novel perspectives on brain spatiotemporal hierarchies and interactions. By integrating these theories, the paper opens innovative paths for studying brain health dynamics, which can inform future research in brain health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA; Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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5
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Shaw BC, Anders VR, Tinkey RA, Habean ML, Brock OD, Frostino BJ, Williams JL. Immunity impacts cognitive deficits across neurological disorders. J Neurochem 2023:10.1111/jnc.15999. [PMID: 37899543 PMCID: PMC11056485 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a common comorbidity with neurological disorders and normal aging. Inflammation is associated with multiple diseases including classical neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in which over half of all patients experience some form of cognitive deficits. Other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and psychological disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), and even normal aging all have cytokine-associated reductions in cognitive function. Thus, there is likely commonality between these secondary cognitive deficits and inflammation. Neurological disorders are increasingly associated with substantial neuroinflammation, in which CNS-resident cells secrete cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukins (ILs) including IL-1β and IL-6. CNS-resident cells also respond to a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, which can have both direct effects on neurons by changing the expression of ion channels and perturbing electrical properties, as well as indirect effects through glia-glia and immune-glia cross-talk. There is significant overlap in these cytokine and chemokine expression profiles across diseases, with TNFα and IL-6 strongly associated with cognitive deficits in multiple disorders. Here, we review the involvement of various cytokines and chemokines in AD, MS, FTLD, PD, TBI, MDD, and normal aging in the absence of dementia. We propose that the neuropsychiatric phenotypes observed in these disorders may be at least partially attributable to a dysregulation of immunity resulting in pathological cytokine and chemokine expression from both CNS-resident and non-resident cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Shaw
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Victoria R. Anders
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachel A. Tinkey
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Maria L. Habean
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Orion D. Brock
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Frostino
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- College of Science, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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6
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Elmers J, Colzato LS, Akgün K, Ziemssen T, Beste C. Neurofilaments - Small proteins of physiological significance and predictive power for future neurodegeneration and cognitive decline across the life span. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102037. [PMID: 37619618 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are not only important for axonal integrity and nerve conduction in large myelinated axons but they are also thought to be crucial for receptor and synaptic functioning. Therefore, NFs may play a critical role in cognitive functions, as cognitive processes are known to depend on synaptic integrity and are modulated by dopaminergic signaling. Here, we present a theory-driven interdisciplinary approach that NFs may link inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive functions. We base our hypothesis on a wealth of evidence suggesting a causal link between inflammation and neurodegeneration and between these two and cognitive decline (see Fig. 1), also taking dopaminergic signaling into account. We conclude that NFs may not only serve as biomarkers for inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and cognitive processes but also represent a potential mechanical hinge between them, moreover, they may even have predictive power regarding future cognitive decline. In addition, we advocate the use of both NFs and MRI parameters, as their synthesis offers the opportunity to individualize medical treatment by providing a comprehensive view of underlying disease activity in neurological diseases. Since our society will become significantly older in the upcoming years and decades, maintaining cognitive functions and healthy aging will play an important role. Thanks to technological advances in recent decades, NFs could serve as a rapid, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive early warning system to identify individuals at increased risk for cognitive decline and could facilitate the management of cognitive dysfunctions across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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7
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Yin Z, Chen J, Xia M, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen Z, Bao Q, Zhong W, Yao J, Wu K, Zhao L, Liang F. Assessing causal relationship between circulating cytokines and age-related neurodegenerative diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12325. [PMID: 37516812 PMCID: PMC10387057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that circulating cytokines (CCs) are linked to age-related neurodegenerative diseases (ANDDs); however, there is a lack of systematic investigation for the causal association. A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation (MR) method was utilized to evaluate the causal effect. We applied genetic variants correlated with concentrations of CCs from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis (n = 8293) as instrumental variables. Summary data of three major ANDDs [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)] were identified from the IEU OpenGWAS platform (n = 627, 266). Inverse-variance weighted method is the main approach to analyse causal effect, and MR results are verified by several sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. In directional MR, it suggested that several CCs were nominally correlated with the risk of ANDDs, with a causal odds ratio (OR) of Interleukin (IL)-5 of 0.909 for AD; OR of IL-2 of 1.169 for PD; and OR of Beta nerve growth factor of 1.142 for ALS). In reverse MR, there were some suggestively causal effects of ANDDs on CCs (AD on increased Basic fibroblast growth factor and IL-12 and decreased Stem cell growth factor beta; PD on decreased Monokine induced by interferon-gamma; ALS on decreased Basic fibroblast growth factor and IL-17). The findings were stable across sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. However, after Bonferroni correction, there is no statistically significant association between CCs and ANDDs. Through the genetic epidemiological approach, our study assessed the role and presented possible causal associations between CCs and ANDDs. Further studies are warranted to verify the causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yin
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Manze Xia
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiongnan Bao
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanqi Zhong
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yao
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Wu
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fanrong Liang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Lok HC, Katzeff JS, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Fu Y, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Elevated GRO-α and IL-18 in serum and brain implicate the NLRP3 inflammasome in frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8942. [PMID: 37268663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a heterogeneous group of proteinopathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. It is marked by microglial activation and subsequent cytokine release. Although cytokine levels in FTD brain and CSF have been examined, the number of cytokines measured in each study is limited and knowledge on cytokine concentrations in FTD serum is scarce. Here, we assessed 48 cytokines in FTD serum and brain. The aim was to determine common cytokine dysregulation pathways in serum and brain in FTD. Blood samples and brain tissue samples from the superior frontal cortex (SFC) were collected from individuals diagnosed with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and healthy controls, and 48 cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunological assay. The data were evaluated by principal component factor analysis to determine the contribution from different components of the variance in the cohort. Levels of a number of cytokines were altered in serum and SFC in bvFTD compared to controls, with increases in GRO-α and IL-18 in both serum and SFC. These changes could be associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation or the NFκB pathway, which activates NLRP3. The results suggest the possible importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in FTD. An improved understanding of the role of inflammasomes in FTD could provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Chuen Lok
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S Katzeff
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Migeot JA, Duran-Aniotz CA, Signorelli CM, Piguet O, Ibáñez A. A predictive coding framework of allostatic-interoceptive overload in frontotemporal dementia. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:838-853. [PMID: 36057473 PMCID: PMC11286203 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent allostatic-interoceptive explanations using predictive coding models propose that efficient regulation of the body's internal milieu is necessary to correctly anticipate environmental needs. We review this framework applied to understanding behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) considering both allostatic overload and interoceptive deficits. First, we show how this framework could explain divergent deficits in bvFTD (cognitive impairments, behavioral maladjustment, brain atrophy, fronto-insular-temporal network atypicality, aberrant interoceptive electrophysiological activity, and autonomic disbalance). We develop a set of theory-driven predictions based on levels of allostatic interoception associated with bvFTD phenomenology and related physiopathological mechanisms. This approach may help further understand the disparate behavioral and physiopathological dysregulations of bvFTD, suggesting targeted interventions and strengthening clinical models of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin A Migeot
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Duran-Aniotz
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo M Signorelli
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Physiology of Cognition, GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, Saclay, France
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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10
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van der Ende EL, Heller C, Sogorb-Esteve A, Swift IJ, McFall D, Peakman G, Bouzigues A, Poos JM, Jiskoot LC, Panman JL, Papma JM, Meeter LH, Dopper EGP, Bocchetta M, Todd E, Cash D, Graff C, Synofzik M, Moreno F, Finger E, Sanchez-Valle R, Vandenberghe R, Laforce R, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Rowe JB, Butler C, Ducharme S, Gerhard A, Danek A, Levin J, Pijnenburg YAL, Otto M, Borroni B, Tagliavini F, de Mendonça A, Santana I, Galimberti D, Sorbi S, Zetterberg H, Huang E, van Swieten JC, Rohrer JD, Seelaar H. Elevated CSF and plasma complement proteins in genetic frontotemporal dementia: results from the GENFI study. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:217. [PMID: 36064709 PMCID: PMC9446850 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is emerging as an important pathological process in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to determine the value of complement proteins, which are key components of innate immunity, as biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of presymptomatic and symptomatic genetic FTD mutation carriers. METHODS We measured the complement proteins C1q and C3b in CSF by ELISAs in 224 presymptomatic and symptomatic GRN, C9orf72 or MAPT mutation carriers and non-carriers participating in the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative (GENFI), a multicentre cohort study. Next, we used multiplex immunoassays to measure a panel of 14 complement proteins in plasma of 431 GENFI participants. We correlated complement protein levels with corresponding clinical and neuroimaging data, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS CSF C1q and C3b, as well as plasma C2 and C3, were elevated in symptomatic mutation carriers compared to presymptomatic carriers and non-carriers. In genetic subgroup analyses, these differences remained statistically significant for C9orf72 mutation carriers. In presymptomatic carriers, several complement proteins correlated negatively with grey matter volume of FTD-related regions and positively with NfL and GFAP. In symptomatic carriers, correlations were additionally observed with disease duration and with Mini Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating scale® plus NACC Frontotemporal lobar degeneration sum of boxes scores. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of CSF C1q and C3b, as well as plasma C2 and C3, demonstrate the presence of complement activation in the symptomatic stage of genetic FTD. Intriguingly, correlations with several disease measures in presymptomatic carriers suggest that complement protein levels might increase before symptom onset. Although the overlap between groups precludes their use as diagnostic markers, further research is needed to determine their potential to monitor dysregulation of the complement system in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. van der Ende
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Heller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aitana Sogorb-Esteve
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Imogen J. Swift
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David McFall
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Georgia Peakman
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arabella Bouzigues
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jackie M. Poos
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lize C. Jiskoot
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica L. Panman
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janne M. Papma
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke H. Meeter
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise G. P. Dopper
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département Des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - James B. Rowe
- Cambridge University Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik Und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Neurologische Klinik Und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - John C. van Swieten
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D. Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Rajesh Y, Kanneganti TD. Innate Immune Cell Death in Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1885. [PMID: 35741014 PMCID: PMC9221514 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder molecularly characterized by the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and type 2 microtubule-associated protein (Tau) abnormalities. Multiple studies have shown that many of the brain's immunological cells, specifically microglia and astrocytes, are involved in AD pathogenesis. Cells of the innate immune system play an essential role in eliminating pathogens but also regulate brain homeostasis and AD. When activated, innate immune cells can cause programmed cell death through multiple pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis. The cell death often results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines that propagate the innate immune response and can eliminate Aβ plaques and aggregated Tau proteins. However, chronic neuroinflammation, which can result from cell death, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and can worsen AD. Therefore, the innate immune response must be tightly balanced to appropriately clear these AD-related structural abnormalities without inducing chronic neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss neuroinflammation, innate immune responses, inflammatory cell death pathways, and cytokine secretion as they relate to AD. Therapeutic strategies targeting these innate immune cell death mechanisms will be critical to consider for future preventive or palliative treatments for AD.
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12
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Liu Y, Chen SY, Ma JJ, Jiang YQ, Gu F, Zheng HX. Improving Cognitive Function Through Inhibiting the Activation of Microglia by Jia Wei Kai Xin San on Alzheimer's Disease Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.947.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Liu E, Karpf L, Bohl D. Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia and the Interest of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study Immune Cells Interactions With Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:767041. [PMID: 34970118 PMCID: PMC8712677 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.767041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a shared hallmark between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). For long, studies were conducted on tissues of post-mortem patients and neuroinflammation was thought to be only bystander result of the disease with the immune system reacting to dying neurons. In the last two decades, thanks to improving technologies, the identification of causal genes and the development of new tools and models, the involvement of inflammation has emerged as a potential driver of the diseases and evolved as a new area of intense research. In this review, we present the current knowledge about neuroinflammation in ALS, ALS-FTD, and FTD patients and animal models and we discuss reasons of failures linked to therapeutic trials with immunomodulator drugs. Then we present the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and its interest as a new tool to have a better immunopathological comprehension of both diseases in a human context. The iPSC technology giving the unique opportunity to study cells across differentiation and maturation times, brings the hope to shed light on the different mechanisms linking neurodegeneration and activation of the immune system. Protocols available to differentiate iPSC into different immune cell types are presented. Finally, we discuss the interest in studying monocultures of iPS-derived immune cells, co-cultures with neurons and 3D cultures with different cell types, as more integrated cellular approaches. The hope is that the future work with human iPS-derived cells helps not only to identify disease-specific defects in the different cell types but also to decipher the synergistic effects between neurons and immune cells. These new cellular tools could help to find new therapeutic approaches for all patients with ALS, ALS-FTD, and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Liu
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Léa Karpf
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bohl
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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14
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Boström G, Freyhult E, Virhammar J, Alcolea D, Tumani H, Otto M, Brundin RM, Kilander L, Löwenmark M, Giedraitis V, Lleó A, von Arnim CAF, Kultima K, Ingelsson M. Different Inflammatory Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:629-640. [PMID: 33814444 PMCID: PMC8203220 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammatory processes are common in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but current knowledge is limited as to whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuroinflammatory proteins are altered in these diseases. Objective: To identify and characterize neuroinflammatory signatures in CSF from patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and FTD. Methods: We used proximity extension assay and ANOVA to measure and compare levels of 92 inflammatory proteins in CSF from 42 patients with AD, 29 with MCI due to AD (MCI/AD), 22 with stable MCI, 42 with FTD, and 49 control subjects, correcting for age, gender, collection unit, and multiple testing. Results: Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) were increased in AD, MCI/AD, and FTD compared with controls (AD: fold change [FC] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.53, q = 0.018; MCI/AD: FC = 1.53, 95% CI 1.20–1.94, q = 0.045; and FTD: FC = 1.42, 95% CI 1.10–1.83, q = 0.020). MMP-10 and eleven additional proteins were increased in MCI/AD, compared with MCI (q < 0.05). In FTD, 36 proteins were decreased, while none was decreased in AD or MCI/AD, compared with controls (q < 0.05). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional multi-center study, we found distinct patterns of CSF inflammatory marker levels in FTD and in both early and established AD, suggesting differing neuroinflammatory processes in the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Boström
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Virhammar
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rose-Marie Brundin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Löwenmark
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Duran-Aniotz C, Orellana P, Leon Rodriguez T, Henriquez F, Cabello V, Aguirre-Pinto MF, Escobedo T, Takada LT, Pina-Escudero SD, Lopez O, Yokoyama JS, Ibanez A, Parra MA, Slachevsky A. Systematic Review: Genetic, Neuroimaging, and Fluids Biomarkers for Frontotemporal Dementia Across Latin America Countries. Front Neurol 2021; 12:663407. [PMID: 34248820 PMCID: PMC8263937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.663407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) includes a group of clinically, genetically, and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the fronto-insular-temporal regions of the brain. Clinically, FTD is characterized by progressive deficits in behavior, executive function, and language and its diagnosis relies mainly on the clinical expertise of the physician/consensus group and the use of neuropsychological tests and/or structural/functional neuroimaging, depending on local availability. The modest correlation between clinical findings and FTD neuropathology makes the diagnosis difficult using clinical criteria and often leads to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis, primarily due to lack of recognition or awareness of FTD as a disease and symptom overlap with psychiatric disorders. Despite advances in understanding the underlying neuropathology of FTD, accurate and sensitive diagnosis for this disease is still lacking. One of the major challenges is to improve diagnosis in FTD patients as early as possible. In this context, biomarkers have emerged as useful methods to provide and/or complement clinical diagnosis for this complex syndrome, although more evidence is needed to incorporate most of them into clinical practice. However, most biomarker studies have been performed using North American or European populations, with little representation of the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region. In the LAC region, there are additional challenges, particularly the lack of awareness and knowledge about FTD, even in specialists. Also, LAC genetic heritage and cultures are complex, and both likely influence clinical presentations and may modify baseline biomarker levels. Even more, due to diagnostic delay, the clinical presentation might be further complicated by both neurological and psychiatric comorbidity, such as vascular brain damage, substance abuse, mood disorders, among others. This systematic review provides a brief update and an overview of the current knowledge on genetic, neuroimaging, and fluid biomarkers for FTD in LAC countries. Our review highlights the need for extensive research on biomarkers in FTD in LAC to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease and its associated biomarkers. Dementia research is certainly reduced in the LAC region, highlighting an urgent need for harmonized, innovative, and cross-regional studies with a global perspective across multiple areas of dementia knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Orellana
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas Leon Rodriguez
- Trinity College, Global Brain Health Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Henriquez
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Cabello
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Tamara Escobedo
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonel T. Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit - Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefanie D. Pina-Escudero
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- UCSF Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Oscar Lopez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- UCSF Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Trinity College, Global Brain Health Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, & National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario A. Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit - Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Aksnes M, Aass HCD, Tiiman A, Edwin TH, Terenius L, Bogdanović N, Vukojević V, Knapskog AB. Associations of cerebrospinal fluid amyloidogenic nanoplaques with cytokines in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:18. [PMID: 34099032 PMCID: PMC8186140 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) is central in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently it has been shown that specifically, larger, Thioflavin T-binding Aβ aggregates are associated with increased neuroinflammation and cytokine release. This study was aimed to quantify fibrillary amyloid aggregates, so-called nanoplaques, and investigate their relationship with cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS CSF was collected from 111 patients assessed for cognitive complaints at the Oslo University Hospital Memory Clinic. The patients were grouped based on their amyloid status. The CSF nanoplaque concentration was quantified with the Thioflavin T-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (ThT-FCS) assay. The levels of nine cytokines (eotaxin-1, granulocyte stimulating factor, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-7, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, gamma-induced protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified with a magnetic bead-based multiplex assay and read on a Luminex IS 200 instrument. RESULTS There were 49 amyloid-negative and 62 amyloid-positive patients in the cohort; none of the cytokines differed significantly between the amyloid groups. The increased nanoplaque levels were associated with levels of MIP-1β below the lower limit of quantification, and with decreased levels of MIP-1α and IL-8. The associations remained significant when adjusted for age, sex, cognitive function, apolipoprotein ε4 status and CSF core biomarker levels. CONCLUSION The cytokine levels were not associated with amyloid status in this cohort. The nanoplaque levels were negatively associated with MIP-1β, MIP-1α and IL-8, which is in line with recent findings suggesting that the upregulation of some cytokine markers has a protective role and is negatively associated with AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Aksnes
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Ann Tiiman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine CMM L8:01, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Trine Holt Edwin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Memory Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine CMM L8:01, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine CMM L8:01, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Memory Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Swift IJ, Sogorb-Esteve A, Heller C, Synofzik M, Otto M, Graff C, Galimberti D, Todd E, Heslegrave AJ, van der Ende EL, Van Swieten JC, Zetterberg H, Rohrer JD. Fluid biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia: past, present and future. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:204-215. [PMID: 33188134 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders includes a heterogeneous group of conditions. However, following on from a series of important molecular studies in the early 2000s, major advances have now been made in the understanding of the pathological and genetic underpinnings of the disease. In turn, alongside the development of novel methodologies for measuring proteins and other molecules in biological fluids, the last 10 years have seen a huge increase in biomarker studies within FTD. This recent past has focused on attempting to develop markers that will help differentiate FTD from other dementias (particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD)), as well as from non-neurodegenerative conditions such as primary psychiatric disorders. While cerebrospinal fluid, and more recently blood, markers of AD have been successfully developed, specific markers identifying primary tauopathies or TDP-43 proteinopathies are still lacking. More focus at the moment has been on non-specific markers of neurodegeneration, and in particular, multiple studies of neurofilament light chain have highlighted its importance as a diagnostic, prognostic and staging marker of FTD. As clinical trials get under way in specific genetic forms of FTD, measures of progranulin and dipeptide repeat proteins in biofluids have become important potential measures of therapeutic response. However, understanding of whether drugs restore cellular function will also be important, and studies of key pathophysiological processes, including neuroinflammation, lysosomal function and synaptic health, are also now becoming more common. There is much still to learn in the fluid biomarker field in FTD, but the creation of large multinational cohorts is facilitating better powered studies and will pave the way for larger omics studies, including proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, as well as investigations of multimodal biomarker combinations across fluids, brain imaging and other domains. Here we provide an overview of the past, present and future of fluid biomarkers within the FTD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Joanna Swift
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aitana Sogorb-Esteve
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carolin Heller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emily Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Daniel Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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18
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Sadeghmousavi S, Eskian M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. The effect of insomnia on development of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:289. [PMID: 33023629 PMCID: PMC7542374 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits especially forgetting recent information, recall ability impairment, and loss of time tracking, problem-solving, language, and recognition difficulties. AD is also a globally important health issue but despite all scientific efforts, the treatment of AD is still a challenge. Sleep has important roles in learning and memory consolidation. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD) and insomnia are associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and may have an impact on the symptoms and development. Thus, sleep disorders have decisive effects on AD; this association deserves more attention in research, diagnostics, and treatment, and knowing this relation also can help to prevent AD through screening and proper management of sleep disorders. This study aimed to show the potential role of SD and insomnia in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Sadeghmousavi
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eskian
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Guo H, Zhao Z, Zhang R, Chen P, Zhang X, Cheng F, Gou X. Monocytes in the Peripheral Clearance of Amyloid-β and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1391-1400. [PMID: 30958361 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging societies have high incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is diagnosed at later disease stages and has a poor prognosis, and effective drugs and treatments for AD are lacking. The molecular mechanism of AD is not clear, and current research focuses primarily on amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Aβ deposition is the most frequently hypothesized initiating factor of AD, and Aβ clearance during the pathogenesis of AD may be an optional strategy to suppress AD development. Monocytes play important roles in the peripheral clearance of Aβ. Therefore, the present review summarizes our current knowledge of the potential roles of infiltrating macrophages, circulating monocytes, and Kupffer cells in the peripheral clearance of Aβ in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruisan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The AD pathophysiology entails chronic inflammation involving innate immune cells including microglia, astrocytes, and other peripheral blood cells. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and complements are also linked to AD pathogenesis. Despite increasing evidence supporting the association between abnormal inflammation and AD, no well-established inflammatory biomarkers are currently available for AD. Since many reports have shown that abnormal inflammation precedes the outbreak of the disease, non-invasive and readily available peripheral inflammatory biomarkers should be considered as possible biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD. In this mini-review, we introduce the peripheral biomarker candidates related to abnormal inflammation in AD and discuss their possible molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we also summarize the current state of inflammatory biomarker research in clinical practice and molecular diagnostics. We believe this review will provide new insights into biomarker candidates for the early diagnosis of AD with systemic relevance to inflammation during AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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21
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Early intraneuronal amyloid triggers neuron-derived inflammatory signaling in APP transgenic rats and human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6844-6854. [PMID: 32144141 PMCID: PMC7104377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914593117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work provides evidence that soluble and oligomeric amyloid protein stokes neuronal inflammation during the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Identifying neuron-derived factors that engage the brain’s immune system will provide insight into how vulnerable neurons might interact with other immune cells to propagate cytotoxic signaling cascades and cellular dysfunction during disease development. Chronic inflammation during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is most often attributed to sustained microglial activation in response to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposits and cell death. However, cytokine release and microgliosis are consistently observed in AD transgenic animal models devoid of such pathologies, bringing into question the underlying processes that may be at play during the earliest AD-related immune response. We propose that this plaque-independent inflammatory reaction originates from neurons burdened with increasing levels of soluble and oligomeric Aβ, which are known to be the most toxic amyloid species within the brain. Laser microdissected neurons extracted from preplaque amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic rats were found to produce a variety of potent immune factors, both at the transcript and protein levels. Neuron-derived cytokines correlated with the extent of microglial activation and mobilization, even in the absence of extracellular plaques and cell death. Importantly, we identified an inflammatory profile unique to Aβ-burdened neurons, since neighboring glial cells did not express similar molecules. Moreover, we demonstrate within disease-vulnerable regions of the human brain that a neuron-specific inflammatory response may precede insoluble Aβ plaque and tau tangle formation. Thus, we reveal the Aβ-burdened neuron as a primary proinflammatory agent, implicating the intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ as a significant immunological component in the AD pathogenesis.
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22
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Bright F, Werry EL, Dobson-Stone C, Piguet O, Ittner LM, Halliday GM, Hodges JR, Kiernan MC, Loy CT, Kassiou M, Kril JJ. Neuroinflammation in frontotemporal dementia. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:540-555. [PMID: 31324897 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders with different pathological signatures, genetic variability and complex disease mechanisms, for which no effective treatments exist. Despite advances in understanding the underlying pathology of FTD, sensitive and specific fluid biomarkers for this disease are lacking. As in other types of dementia, mounting evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in the progression of FTD, including cortical inflammation, microglial activation, astrogliosis and differential expression of inflammation-related proteins in the periphery. Furthermore, an overlap between FTD and autoimmune disease has been identified. The most substantial evidence, however, comes from genetic studies, and several FTD-related genes are also implicated in neuroinflammation. This Review discusses specific evidence of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in FTD and describes how advances in our understanding of these mechanisms, in FTD as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases, might facilitate the development and implementation of diagnostic tools and disease-modifying treatments for FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Bright
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eryn L Werry
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clement T Loy
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Nascimento C, Nunes VP, Diehl Rodriguez R, Takada L, Suemoto CK, Grinberg LT, Nitrini R, Lafer B. A review on shared clinical and molecular mechanisms between bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:269-283. [PMID: 31014945 PMCID: PMC6994228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are highly prevalent and important causes of medical burden worldwide. Co-occurrence of neurological and psychiatric symptoms are observed among mental disorders, representing a challenge for their differential diagnosis. Psychiatrists and neurologists have faced challenges in diagnosing old adults presenting behavioral changes. This is the case for early frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and bipolar disorder. In its initial stages, FTD is characterized by behavioral or language disturbances in the absence of cognitive symptoms. Consequently, patients with the behavioral subtype of FTD (bv-FTD) can be initially misdiagnosed as having a psychiatric disorder, typically major depression disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Bipolar disorder is associated with a higher risk of dementia in older adults and with cognitive impairment, with a subset of patients presents a neuroprogressive pattern during the disease course. No mendelian mutations were identified in BD, whereas three major genetic causes of FTD have been identified. Clinical similarities between BD and bv-FTD raise the question whether common molecular pathways might explain shared clinical symptoms. Here, we reviewed existing data on clinical and molecular similarities between BD and FTD to propose biological pathways that can be further investigated as common or specific markers of BD and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nascimento
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Villela Paula Nunes
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Diehl Rodriguez
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology and LIM 22, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Leonel Takada
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-90, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-90, Brazil; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-120, USA.
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Meyer PF, Savard M, Poirier J, Labonté A, Rosa-Neto P, Weitz TM, Town T, Breitner J. Bi-directional Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Markers with Stage of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:577-590. [PMID: 29660934 PMCID: PMC5929310 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Yet, studies comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma immune marker levels of healthy and demented individuals have yielded conflicting results. We analyzed CSF from 101 members of the parental history-positive PREVENT-AD cohort of healthy aging adults, and 237 participants without dementia from the initial cohort of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1). Following recent practice, we used the biomarkers total-tau and amyloid-β1-42 to allocate participants from each study into four stages of AD pathogenesis: Stage 0 (no abnormality), Stage 1 (reduced amyloid-β1-42), Stage 2 (reduced amyloid-β1-42 and increased total-tau), or “Suspected Non-Alzheimer Pathology” (elevated total-tau only). Investigating the PREVENT-AD participants’ CSF assay results for 19 immune/inflammatory markers, we found six that showed a distinct bi-directional relationship with pathogenetic stage. Relative to Stage 0, these were diminished at Stage 1 but strongly increased at Stage 2. Among the ADNI participants (90 healthy controls and 147 with mild cognitive impairment), we found that 23 of 83 available CSF markers also showed this distinct pattern. These results support recent observations that immune activation may become apparent only after the onset of both amyloid and tau pathologies. Unexpectedly, they also suggest that immune marker activity may diminish along with earliest appearance of amyloid-β plaque pathology. These findings may explain discordant results from past studies, and suggest the importance of characterizing the extent of AD pathology when comparing clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Meyer
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Savard
- Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tara M Weitz
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Town
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Breitner
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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25
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Inflammatory markers of CHMP2B-mediated frontotemporal dementia. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:136-142. [PMID: 30193769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological studies and animal models have suggested an inflammatory component in the pathomechanism of the CHMP2B associated frontotemporal dementia (FTD-3). In this cross-sectional study, serum and cerebrospinal fluid were analyzed for inflammatory markers in CHMP2B mutation carriers. Serum levels of CCL4 were increased throughout life. Serum levels of IL-15, CXCL10, CCL22 and TNF-α were significantly associated with cognitive decline, suggesting a peripheral inflammatory response to neurodegeneration. CSF levels of sTREM2 appeared to increase more rapidly with age in CHMP2B mutation carriers. The identification of a peripheral inflammatory response to disease progression supports the involvement of an inflammatory component in FTD-3.
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26
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A blood-based biomarker panel indicates IL-10 and IL-12/23p40 are jointly associated as predictors of β-amyloid load in an AD cohort. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14057. [PMID: 29070909 PMCID: PMC5656630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterised by extracellular amyloid deposition as plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. As no current clinical test can diagnose individuals at risk of developing AD, the aim of this project is to evaluate a blood-based biomarker panel to identify individuals who carry this risk. We analysed the levels of 22 biomarkers in clinically classified healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s participants from the well characterised Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. High levels of IL-10 and IL-12/23p40 were significantly associated with amyloid deposition in HC, suggesting that these two biomarkers might be used to detect at risk individuals. Additionally, other biomarkers (Eotaxin-3, Leptin, PYY) exhibited altered levels in AD participants possessing the APOE ε4 allele. This suggests that the physiology of some potential biomarkers may be altered in AD due to the APOE ε4 allele, a major risk factor for AD. Taken together, these data highlight several potential biomarkers that can be used in a blood-based panel to allow earlier identification of individuals at risk of developing AD and/or early stage AD for which current therapies may be more beneficial.
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27
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Magalhães TNC, Weiler M, Teixeira CVL, Hayata T, Moraes AS, Boldrini VO, dos Santos LM, de Campos BM, de Rezende TJR, Joaquim HPG, Talib LL, Forlenza OV, Cendes F, Balthazar MLF. Systemic Inflammation and Multimodal Biomarkers in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5689-5697. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Pawlowski M, Lueg G, Gross CC, Johnen A, Krämer J, Weckesser M, Wiendl H, Meuth SG, Duning T. Relevance of raised cerebrospinal fluid monocyte levels in patients with frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:45-52. [PMID: 29107846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. The contribution of the immune system to its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. In this study, we performed comprehensive immune cell profiling in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood of patients with FTD. Thirty-two patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and 25 patients with primary progressive aphasia were included and compared to 14 healthy elderly controls. All patients underwent neuropsychological examination, magnetic resonance imaging, voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging, and peripheral blood and CSF immune cell profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry. The percentage of CSF monocytes was significantly increased specifically in patients with primary progressive aphasia. The proportion of monocytes in the CSF of the total FTD patient group directly correlated with semantic language impairment and microstructural temporal lesions. Increased intrathecal numbers of monocytes suggest a specific response of the innate immune system in a subset of patients with FTD. The findings are of clinical relevance since monocyte levels in the CSF were correlated with typical neuropsychological deficits and microstructural patterns of temporal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gero Lueg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Johnen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Weckesser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Duning
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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29
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Meeter LH, Kaat LD, Rohrer JD, van Swieten JC. Imaging and fluid biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia. Nat Rev Neurol 2017. [PMID: 28621768 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the second most common type of presenile dementia, is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive behavioural and/or language problems, and includes a range of clinical, genetic and pathological subtypes. The diagnostic process is hampered by this heterogeneity, and correct diagnosis is becoming increasingly important to enable future clinical trials of disease-modifying treatments. Reliable biomarkers will enable us to better discriminate between FTD and other forms of dementia and to predict disease progression in the clinical setting. Given that different underlying pathologies probably require specific pharmacological interventions, robust biomarkers are essential for the selection of patients with specific FTD subtypes. This Review emphasizes the increasing availability and potential applications of structural and functional imaging biomarkers, and cerebrospinal fluid and blood fluid biomarkers in sporadic and genetic FTD. The relevance of new MRI modalities - such as voxel-based morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging and arterial spin labelling - in the early stages of FTD is discussed, together with the ability of these modalities to classify FTD subtypes. We highlight promising new fluid biomarkers for staging and monitoring of FTD, and underline the importance of large, multicentre studies of individuals with presymptomatic FTD. Harmonization in the collection and analysis of data across different centres is crucial for the implementation of new biomarkers in clinical practice, and will become a great challenge in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke H Meeter
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Johansson P, Almqvist EG, Wallin A, Johansson JO, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Svensson J. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid concentration of interleukin-12/23 subunit p40 in patients with cognitive impairment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176760. [PMID: 28464009 PMCID: PMC5413050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other cognitive disorders is unclear. In a well-defined mono-center population, we measured cytokines and chemokines in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Methods Consecutive patients with AD (n = 30), stable mild cognitive impairment (SMCI, n = 11), other dementias (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 18) were included. None of the subjects was treated with glucocorticoids, cholinesterase inhibitors, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Serum and CSF concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-12/23 p40, IL-15, IL-16, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and three chemokines were measured using a multiplex panel. Results After correction for multiple comparisons, only CSF IL-12/23 p40 concentration differed significantly between the total patient group (n = 52) and controls (n = 18; p = 0.002). Further analyses showed that CSF IL-12/23 p40 concentration was decreased in all patient subgroups (AD, other dementias, and SMCI) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). In the total study population (n = 70), CSF IL-12/23 p40 concentrations correlated positively with CSF concentrations of β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1–42) and phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) whereas in AD patients (n = 30), CSF IL-12/23 p40 only correlated positively with CSF P-Tau (r = 0.46, p = 0.01). Conclusions Most cytokines and chemokines were similar in patients and controls, but CSF IL-12/23 subunit p40 concentration was decreased in patients with cognitive impairment, and correlated with markers of AD disease status. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of CSF IL-12/23 p40 in other dementias and SMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Johansson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Falköping, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik G. Almqvist
- Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan-Ove Johansson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Svensson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Bagyinszky E, Giau VV, Shim K, Suk K, An SSA, Kim S. Role of inflammatory molecules in the Alzheimer's disease progression and diagnosis. J Neurol Sci 2017; 376:242-254. [PMID: 28431620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder and the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Several genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, including inflammations and metabolic influences, are involved in the progression of AD. Inflammations are composed of complicated networks of many chemokines and cytokines with diverse cells. Inflammatory molecules are needed for the protection against pathogens, and maintaining their balances is important for normal physiological function. Recent studies demonstrated that inflammation may be involved in neurodegenerative dementia. Cellular immune components, such as microglia or astrocytes, mediate the release of inflammatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor, growth factors, adhesion molecules, or chemokines. Over- and underexpression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, respectively, may result in neuroinflammation and thus disease initiation and progression. In addition, levels of several inflammatory factors were reported to be altered in the brain or bodily fluids of patients with AD, reflecting their neuropathological changes. Therefore, simultaneous detection of several inflammatory molecules in the early or pre-symptomatic stage may improve the early diagnosis of AD. Further studies are needed to determine, how induction or inhibition of inflammatory factors could be used for AD therapies. This review summarizes the role or possible role of immune cells and inflammatory molecules in disease progression or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Novel diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for pathologic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia identified by proteomics. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 2:86-94. [PMID: 27239539 PMCID: PMC4879654 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Reliable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers enabling identification of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and its pathologic subtypes are lacking. Methods Unbiased high-resolution mass spectrometry–based proteomics was applied on CSF of FTD patients with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43, FTD-TDP, n = 12) or tau pathology (FTD-tau, n = 8), and individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC, n = 10). Validation was performed by applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzymatic assays, when available, in a larger cohort (FTLD-TDP, n = 21, FTLD-tau, n = 10, SMC, n = 23) and in Alzheimer's disease (n = 20), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 20), and vascular dementia (VaD, n = 18). Results Of 1914 identified CSF proteins, 56 proteins were differentially regulated (fold change >1.2, P < .05) between the different patient groups: either between the two pathologic subtypes (10 proteins), or between at least one of these FTD subtypes and SMC (47 proteins). We confirmed the differential expression of YKL-40 by ELISA in a partly independent cohort. Furthermore, enzyme activity of catalase was decreased in FTD subtypes compared with SMC. Further validation in a larger cohort showed that the level of YKL-40 was twofold increased in both FTD pathologic subtypes compared with SMC and that the levels in FTLD-tau were higher compared to Alzheimer's dementia (AD), DLB, and VaD patients. Clinical validation furthermore showed that the catalase enzyme activity was decreased in the FTD subtypes compared to SMC, AD and DLB. Discussion We identified promising CSF biomarkers for both FTD differential diagnosis and pathologic subtyping. YKL-40 and catalase enzyme activity should be validated further in similar pathology defined patient cohorts for their use for FTD diagnosis or treatment development.
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Galimberti D, Bonsi R, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Cioffi SMG, Fumagalli G, Arighi A, Ghezzi L, Arcaro M, Mercurio M, Rotondo E, Scarpini E. Inflammatory molecules in Frontotemporal Dementia: cerebrospinal fluid signature of progranulin mutation carriers. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:182-7. [PMID: 26021560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in progranulin gene (GRN) are one of the major causes of autosomal dominant Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). Progranulin displays anti-inflammatory properties and is likely a ligand of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) receptor 2, expressed on microglia. A few cytokines and chemokines are altered in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with sporadic FTLD, whereas no information is available in familial cases. We evaluated, through BioPlex, levels of 27 inflammatory molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and related receptors, in CSF and matched serum, from FTLD patients carrying GRN mutations as compared with sporadic FTLD with no GRN mutations and controls. Mean±SD Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly increased in CSF from sporadic FTLD patients as compared with controls (334.27±151.5 versus 159.7±49pg/ml; P⩽0.05). In GRN mutation carriers versus controls, CSF levels of MCP-1 were unchanged, whereas Interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels were increased (809.17±240.0 versus 436.61±202.5pg/ml; P=0.012). In the same group, TNFα and Interleukin (IL)-15 levels were decreased (3.18±1.41 versus 35.68±30.5pg/ml; P=0.013 and 9.34±5.54 versus 19.15±10.03pg/ml; P=0.023, respectively). Conversely, Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted (RANTES) levels were decreased in patients, with or without mutations, as compared with controls (4.63±3.30 and 2.58±20 versus 87.57±70pg/ml, respectively; P<0.05). Moreover, IP-10, IL-15 and RANTES CSF levels were not influenced by age, whereas MCP-1 levels increased with age (ρ=0.48; P=0.007). In conclusion, inflammatory de-regulation was observed in both sporadic FTLD and GRN carriers compared to controls, with a specific inflammatory profile for the latter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - R Bonsi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - C Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - M Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - S M G Cioffi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - G Fumagalli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - A Arighi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - L Ghezzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - M Arcaro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - M Mercurio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - E Rotondo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - E Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Abdlla OA, Elboshy ME, Reisha EF, Gadlla HA, El-Khodery SA. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukins-12(p40), 6, and 10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome prediction in Ossimi sheep with encephalitic listeriosis. Cytokine 2015; 73:283-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Heneka MT, Carson MJ, El Khoury J, Landreth GE, Brosseron F, Feinstein DL, Jacobs AH, Wyss-Coray T, Vitorica J, Ransohoff RM, Herrup K, Frautschy SA, Finsen B, Brown GC, Verkhratsky A, Yamanaka K, Koistinaho J, Latz E, Halle A, Petzold GC, Town T, Morgan D, Shinohara ML, Perry VH, Holmes C, Bazan NG, Brooks DJ, Hunot S, Joseph B, Deigendesch N, Garaschuk O, Boddeke E, Dinarello CA, Breitner JC, Cole GM, Golenbock DT, Kummer MP. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14:388-405. [PMID: 25792098 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(15)70016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3723] [Impact Index Per Article: 413.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment, but includes strong interactions with immunological mechanisms in the brain. Misfolded and aggregated proteins bind to pattern recognition receptors on microglia and astroglia, and trigger an innate immune response characterised by release of inflammatory mediators, which contribute to disease progression and severity. Genome-wide analysis suggests that several genes that increase the risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease encode factors that regulate glial clearance of misfolded proteins and the inflammatory reaction. External factors, including systemic inflammation and obesity, are likely to interfere with immunological processes of the brain and further promote disease progression. Modulation of risk factors and targeting of these immune mechanisms could lead to future therapeutic or preventive strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegnerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Monica J Carson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gary E Landreth
- Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Andreas H Jacobs
- Department of Geriatrics, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany; European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI) at the Westfalian Wilhelms University (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Sally A Frautschy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, the Geriatric, Research, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bente Finsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), Bilbao, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco) and CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Leioa, Spain
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University/RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eicke Latz
- German Center for Neurodegnerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of InfectiousDiseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Annett Halle
- Max-Planck Research Group Neuroimmunology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegnerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Terrence Town
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - V Hugh Perry
- School of Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Louisiana State University Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine in New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David J Brooks
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stéphane Hunot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7225, Experimental Therapeutics of Neurodegeneration, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology II, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - John C Breitner
- Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, and the McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg M Cole
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, the Geriatric, Research, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Department of InfectiousDiseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Markus P Kummer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Agarwal S, Ghanty P, Pal NR. Identification of a small set of plasma signalling proteins using neural network for prediction of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:2505-13. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Oeckl P, Steinacker P, Feneberg E, Otto M. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics and protein biomarkers in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: Current status and future perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:757-68. [PMID: 25526887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) comprises a spectrum of rare neurodegenerative diseases with an estimated prevalence of 15-22 cases per 100,000 persons including the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA), semantic dementia (SD), FTD with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). The pathogenesis of the diseases is still unclear and clinical diagnosis of FTLD is hampered by overlapping symptoms within the FTLD subtypes and with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Intracellular protein aggregates in the brain are a major hallmark of FTLD and implicate alterations in protein metabolism or function in the disease's pathogenesis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which surrounds the brain can be used to study changes in neurodegenerative diseases and to identify disease-related mechanisms or neurochemical biomarkers for diagnosis. In the present review, we will give an overview of the current literature on proteomic studies in CSF of FTLD patients. Reports of targeted and unbiased proteomic approaches are included and the results are discussed in regard of their informative value about disease pathology and the suitability to be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we will give some future perspectives on CSF proteomics and a list of candidate biomarkers which might be interesting for validation in further studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroproteomics: Applications in neuroscience and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Petra Steinacker
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Emily Feneberg
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Bettcher BM, Kramer JH. Inflammation and clinical presentation in neurodegenerative disease: a volatile relationship. Neurocase 2013; 19:182-200. [PMID: 22515699 PMCID: PMC3733377 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2011.654227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A proposed immune mechanism that potentially modifies or exacerbates neurodegenerative disease presentation in older adults has received considerable attention in the past decade, with recent studies demonstrating a strong link between pro-inflammatory markers and neurodegeneration. The overarching aim of the following review is to synthesize recent research that supports a possible relationship between inflammation and clinical features of neurodegenerative diseases, including risk of development, cognitive and clinical correlates, and progression of the specified diseases. Specific emphasis is placed on providing a temporal context for the association between inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Magouirk Bettcher
- Neurology Department, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207, USA.
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Inhibition of IL-12/IL-23 signaling reduces Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline. Nat Med 2012. [PMID: 23178247 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease has an inflammatory component that is characterized by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly in response to amyloid-β (Aβ). Using the APPPS1 Alzheimer's disease mouse model, we found increased production of the common interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 subunit p40 by microglia. Genetic ablation of the IL-12/IL-23 signaling molecules p40, p35 or p19, in which deficiency of p40 or its receptor complex had the strongest effect, resulted in decreased cerebral amyloid load. Although deletion of IL-12/IL-23 signaling from the radiation-resistant glial compartment of the brain was most efficient in mitigating cerebral amyloidosis, peripheral administration of a neutralizing p40-specific antibody likewise resulted in a reduction of cerebral amyloid load in APPPS1 mice. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular delivery of antibodies to p40 significantly reduced the concentration of soluble Aβ species and reversed cognitive deficits in aged APPPS1 mice. The concentration of p40 was also increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of subjects with Alzheimer's disease, which suggests that inhibition of the IL-12/IL-23 pathway may attenuate Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits.
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Swardfager W, Lanctôt K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N. A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:930-41. [PMID: 20692646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that inflammation is involved in the neurodegenerative cascade leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and symptoms. This study sought to quantitatively summarize the clinical cytokine data. METHODS Original English language peer-reviewed studies measuring cytokine concentrations in AD and healthy control subjects were included. Mean (± standard deviation) cytokine concentrations for AD and control subjects were extracted. RESULTS Forty studies measuring peripheral blood cytokine concentrations and 14 measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations were included. In peripheral blood, there were significantly higher concentrations (weighted mean difference [95% confidence interval]) of interleukin (IL)-6 (2.86 [1.68, 4.04] pg/mL, p < .00001, N[AD/control subjects] = 985/680, 14 studies), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (3.25 [.76, 5.74] pg/mL, p = .01, N = 680/447, 14 studies), IL-1β (.55 [.32, .78] pg/mL, p < .00001, N = 574/370, 10 studies), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (67.23 [28.62, 105.83] pg/mL, p = .0006, N = 190/158, 5 studies), IL-12 (7.60 [5.58, 9.62] pg/mL, p < .00001, N = 148/106, 5 studies), and IL-18 (15.82 [1.98, 29.66] pg/mL, p = .03, N = 131/94, 4 studies) but not of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-γ, or C-reactive protein in AD subjects compared with control subjects. There were significantly higher concentrations of TGF-β (7.81 [2.27, 13.35] pg/mL, p =.006, N = 113/114, 5 studies) but not IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the CSF of AD subjects compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results strengthen the clinical evidence that AD is accompanied by an inflammatory response, particularly higher peripheral concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-12 and IL-18 and higher CSF concentrations of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Th1 responses to beta-amyloid in young humans convert to regulatory IL-10 responses in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:1732-42. [PMID: 19058879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A beta(1-42)-specific antibodies and T-cell proliferation point to the existence of a memory response to A beta(1-42) in humans. Using ELISPOT, we studied A beta(1-42)-specific T cells in individuals of various ages, and in subjects with Trisomy 21 or Alzheimer's disease. We show for the first time that A beta(1-42)-specific Th1-type T-cell memory is present in young humans, producing high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2. With increasing age, the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 decreases but is not discontinued in healthy subjects and is accompanied by a sharp rise in CD4(+) T-cell-derived regulatory IL-10 production. In contrast, individuals with Trisomy 21 and with Alzheimer's disease produce IL-10 only in the absence of any effector cytokine. This signifies a switch from a Th1 effector to an IL-10 mediated regulatory response.
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Lee KS, Chung JH, Lee KH, Shin MJ, Oh BH, Hong CH. Bioplex analysis of plasma cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Immunol Lett 2008; 121:105-9. [PMID: 18930766 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms within the central nervous system contribute to cognitive impairment via cytokine-mediated interactions between neurons and glial cells. Sixty-nine subjects were consecutively recruited from October 2005 to February 2007. Fifteen individuals were excluded from the study and we ultimately enrolled 19 not cognitively impaired subjects, 25 mild cognitive impairment patients, and 10 Alzheimer's disease patients. To examine the inflammatory markers of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, we measured the plasma concentrations of 23 cytokines using a bioplex assay. The results showed that the macrophage migration inhibitory factor was higher in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's disease patients compared with the not cognitively impaired group; the results also showed that monokine induced by gamma interferon was higher in Alzheimer's disease patients than in not cognitively impaired subjects, as well as those of the mild cognitive impairment group [corrected].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mulugeta E, Molina-Holgado F, Elliott MS, Hortobagyi T, Perry R, Kalaria RN, Ballard CG, Francis PT. Inflammatory mediators in the frontal lobe of patients with mixed and vascular dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008; 25:278-86. [PMID: 18303264 DOI: 10.1159/000118633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) accounts for about 20% of all dementias, and vascular risk is a key factor in more than 40% of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Little is known about inflammatory processes in the brains of these individuals. We have examined inflammatory mediators (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 1, monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP)-1 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in brain homogenates from grey and white matter of the frontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) from patients with VaD (n = 11), those with concurrent VaD and AD (mixed dementia; n = 8) and from age-matched controls (n = 13) using ELISA assays. We found a dramatic reduction of MCP-1 levels in the grey matter in VaD and mixed dementia in comparison to controls (55 and 66%, respectively). IL-6 decreases were also observed in the grey matter of VaD and mixed dementia (72 and 71%, respectively), with a more modest decrease (30%) in the white matter of patients with VaD or mixed dementia. In the first study to examine the status of inflammatory mediators in a brain region severely affected by white-matter lesions, our findings highlight - in contrast to previous reports in AD - that patients at the later stage of VaD or mixed dementia have a significantly attenuated neuro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Mulugeta
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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de Jong D, Kremer BPH, Olde Rikkert MGM, Verbeek MM. Current state and future directions of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 45:1421-34. [PMID: 17970699 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Predominantly, these biomarkers comprise cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers directly related to the pathophysiology of this disorder (such as amyloid beta protein, tau protein). We particularly pay attention to the innovations in this area that have been made in technological aspects during the past 5 years (e.g., multiplex analysis of biomarkers, proteomics), to the discovery of novel, potential biomarkers (e.g., amyloid beta oligomers, isoprostanes), and to the extension of this research towards identification of biomarkers in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle de Jong
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Altered plasma cytokine levels in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with the disease progression. Immunol Lett 2007; 114:46-51. [PMID: 17949824 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a propensity towards inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In our previous studies we observed high levels of IL-16, IL-18 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in monocyte-macrophages of the peripheral blood of AD patients. The aim of this investigation was to determine the plasma levels of IL-12, IL-16, IL-18 and TGF-beta1 in AD patients at different stages of the disease and to correlate the production of these cytokines with the disease progression. The levels of IL-12, IL-16, IL-18 and TGF-beta1 resulted higher in AD-mild patients, were slightly lower in AD-moderate patients, whereas no significant difference was observed between AD-severe patients and non-demented age-matched subjects. The correlation values between cytokine plasma levels were dependent on the disease progression. Our data indicate that plasma levels of these inflammatory molecules follow the degree of AD suggesting a gradual decline of immune responsiveness in AD.
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