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Sun H, He Z, Zhao F, Hu J, Wang J, Liu X, Zhao Z, Li M, Luo Y, Li S. Molecular Genetic Characteristics of the Hoxc13 Gene and Association Analysis of Wool Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1594. [PMID: 38338874 PMCID: PMC10855228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Homobox C13 (Hoxc13) is an important transcription factor in hair follicle cycle development, and its deletion had been found in a variety of animals leading to abnormal hair growth and disruption of the hair follicle system. In this study, we used immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the Hoxc13 gene in Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep. The results revealed that Hoxc13 was significantly expressed during both the anagen and catagen phases (p < 0.05). It was found to be highly expressed predominantly in the dermal papillae and the inner and outer root sheaths, showing a distinct spatiotemporal expression pattern. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exon 1 of Hoxc13, both the individual locus genotypes and the combined haplotypes were found to be correlated with wool length (p < 0.05). It was determined the mutations led to changes in mRNA expression, in which higher expression of this gene was related with longer wool length. In summary, this unique spatiotemporal expression pattern of the Hoxc13 gene may regulate the wool length of Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep, which can be used as a molecular genetic marker for wool traits and thus improve the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, International Wool Research Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.S.); (Z.H.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.L.)
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2
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Kim S, Moon J, Jung KH, Anh SJ, Lee HS, Jang Y, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K. Clinicoradiologic data of familial cerebral cavernous malformation with age-related disease burden. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:373-383. [PMID: 36629374 PMCID: PMC10014009 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial cerebral cavernous malformation (FCCM) is an autosomal dominant disease induced by loss-of-function mutations in three CCM genes, KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10. However, previous studies paid little attention to analyzing the radiologic features and age-related disease burden according to the genes. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed the genetic tests of our center's clinical FCCM patients. METHOD This study investigated clinical FCCM patients with multiple lesions or a family history of CCMs who underwent the FCCM gene (KRTI1, CCM2, and PDCD10) panel test. The clinical, genetic, and radiologic features were analyzed. RESULT Among the patients (n = 34) undergoing the FCCM gene test, twenty-seven patients had CCM confirmed by brain MRI, and twenty-one patients were considered to have FCCM (cohort 1). In cohort 1, thirteen patients had mutations in the FCCM gene, but eight did not. Cohort 2 comprised cohort 1 and four family members with the same mutation as the probands. Six novel variants in CCM genes were detected (KRIT1 c.22_26del, c.815dup, c.1094_1098del, c.1147-2A>G, c.2124dup, and PDCD10 c.150 + 1dup). Cohort 1 demonstrated that brainstem lesions were mostly associated with the mutation detection in CCM genes (brainstem, lateral temporal, and parietal lesions vs. lateral temporal and parietal lesions, AUC 0.928 vs. 0.779, P = 0.0389). The radiologic severity worsened according to age in the KRIT1 group compared with the Mutation not detected group (correlation coefficient 0.75 (P < 0.001) versus 0.53 (P = 0.004)). CONCLUSION The brainstem lesion could be the radiologic marker for FCCM with the mutation detected. The age-related disease burden regarding FCCM according to genetic information was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seondeuk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Jae Anh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Hospital Medicine Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhyuk Jang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Expression and Polymorphisms of SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 Genes and Their Association with Litter Size in Tibetan Sheep ( Ovis aries). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122307. [PMID: 36553573 PMCID: PMC9777977 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD3 are important transcription factors downstream of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway that mediates several physiological processes. In the current study, we used cloning sequencing, RT-qPCR, bioinformatics methods and iMLDR technology to clone the coding region of Tibetan sheep genes, analyze the protein structure and detect the tissue expression characteristics of Tibetan sheep genes, and detect the polymorphisms of 433 Tibetan sheep and analyze their correlation with litter size. The results showed that the ORFs of the SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 genes were 1398 bp, 1404 bp and 1278 bp, respectively, and encoded 465, 467 and 425 amino acids, respectively. The SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD3 proteins were all unstable hydrophilic mixed proteins. SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 were widely expressed in Tibetan sheep tissues, and all were highly expressed in the uterus, spleen, ovary and lung tissues. Litter sizes of the genotype CC in the SMAD1 gene g.10729C>T locus were significantly higher than that of CT (p < 0.05). In the SMAD3 gene g.21447C>T locus, the genotype TT individuals showed a higher litter size than the CC and CT genotype individuals (p < 0.05). These results preliminarily demonstrated that SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 were the major candidate genes that affected litter size traits in Tibetan sheep and could be used as a molecular genetic marker for early auxiliary selection for improving reproductive traits during sheep breeding.
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Expression of ovine CTNNA3 and CAP2 genes and their association with growth traits. Gene 2022; 807:145949. [PMID: 34481004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth traits is a critical economic trait for animal husbandry. In this study, the SNPs of CTNNA3 and CAP2 genes were investigated to check whether they are associated with growth traits (body weight, body height, body length and chest circumference) in Hu sheep. The result of the association analysis indicated that the mutation in CTNNA3 (g.2018018 A > G) were associated significantly with body weight, body height, body length and chest circumference (P < 0.05), the mutation in CAP2 (g.8588 T > C) were associated significantly with body height at 140, 160, 180 days (P < 0.05), AA and CC of CTNNA3 and CAP2 were the dominant genotypes associated with growth traits in Hu sheep. Moreover, combined effect analyses indicated that the growth traits with combined genotypes AACTNNA3-CCCAP2 and AACTNNA3-CTCAP2 were higher than those with genotype GGCTNNA3-CTCAP2. RT-qPCR indicated that CTNNA3 expression levels were significantly higher in liver and lung than in other nine tissues (P < 0.05), CAP2 expression levels were significantly higher in bone, heart, liver, lung and duodenum than in other six tissues (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CTNNA3 and CAP2 polymorphisms could be used as genetic markers for improving growth traits in Hu sheep husbandry.
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Meschia JF, Fornage M. Genetic Basis of Stroke Occurrence, Prevention, and Outcome. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shatoff E, Bundschuh R. Single nucleotide polymorphisms affect RNA-protein interactions at a distance through modulation of RNA secondary structures. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007852. [PMID: 32379750 PMCID: PMC7237046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are widely associated with disease, but the ways in which they cause altered phenotypes are often unclear, especially when they appear in non-coding regions. One way in which non-coding polymorphisms could cause disease is by affecting crucial RNA-protein interactions. While it is clear that changing a protein binding motif will alter protein binding, it has been shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms can affect RNA secondary structure, and here we show that single nucleotide polymorphisms can affect RNA-protein interactions from outside binding motifs through altered RNA secondary structure. By using a modified version of the Vienna Package and PAR-CLIP data for HuR (ELAVL1) in humans we characterize the genome-wide effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on HuR binding and show that they can have a many-fold effect on the affinity of HuR binding to RNA transcripts from tens of bases away. We also find some evidence that the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on protein binding might be under selection, with the non-reference alleles tending to make it harder for a protein to bind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan Shatoff
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ralf Bundschuh
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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7
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MR imaging features that distinguish spinal cavernous angioma from hemorrhagic ependymoma and serial MRI changes in cavernous angioma. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:229-236. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Yang IY, Yum MS, Kim EH, Choi HW, Yoo HW, Ko TS. Two cases of familial cerebral cavernous malformation caused by mutations in the CCM1 gene. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 59:280-4. [PMID: 27462358 PMCID: PMC4958707 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.6.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a vascular malformation characterized by abnormally enlarged capillary cavities without any intervening neural tissue. We report 2 cases of familial CCMs diagnosed with the CCM1 mutation by using a genetic assay. A 5-year-old boy presented with headache, vomiting, and seizure-like movements. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple CCM lesions in the cerebral hemispheres. Subsequent mutation analysis of his father and other family members revealed c.940_943 del (p.Val314 Asn315delinsThrfsX3) mutations of the CCM1 gene. A 10-month-old boy who presented with seizure-like movements was reported to have had no perinatal event. His aunt was diagnosed with cerebral angioma. Brain and spine MRI revealed multiple angiomas in the cerebral hemisphere and thoracic spinal cord. Mutation analysis of his father was normal, although that of the patient and his mother revealed c.535C>T (p.Arg179X) mutations of the CCM1 gene. Based on these studies, we suggest that when a child with a familial history of CCMs exhibits neurological symptoms, the physician should suspect familial CCMs and consider brain imaging or a genetic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Im-Yong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Medical Genetic Center, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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10
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PDCD10 gene mutations in multiple cerebral cavernous malformations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110438. [PMID: 25354366 PMCID: PMC4212902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular abnormalities that may cause seizures, intracerebral haemorrhages, and focal neurological deficits. Familial form shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable clinical expression. Three genes have been identified causing familial CCM: KRIT1/CCM1, MGC4607/CCM2, and PDCD10/CCM3. Aim of this study is to report additional PDCD10/CCM3 families poorly described so far which account for 10-15% of hereditary cerebral cavernous malformations. Our group investigated 87 consecutive Italian affected individuals (i.e. positive Magnetic Resonance Imaging) with multiple/familial CCM through direct sequencing and Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) analysis. We identified mutations in over 97.7% of cases, and PDCD10/CCM3 accounts for 13.1%. PDCD10/CCM3 molecular screening revealed four already known mutations and four novel ones. The mutated patients show an earlier onset of clinical manifestations as compared to CCM1/CCM2 mutated patients. The study of further families carrying mutations in PDCD10/CCM3 may help define a possible correlation between genotype and phenotype; an accurate clinical follow up of the subjects would help define more precisely whether mutations in PDCD10/CCM3 lead to a characteristic phenotype.
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Grasso G, Alafaci C, Granata F, Cutugno M, Salpietro FM, Tomasello F. Thoracic spinal cord cavernous angioma: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:271. [PMID: 25106882 PMCID: PMC4141667 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cavernous angiomas of the spinal cord are rare vascular malformations, which account for approximately 5 to 12 percent of spinal cord vascular lesions. They usually originate in the vertebrae, with occasional extension into the extradural space, and intramedullary cavernomas, even if reported in the literature, are very rare. Case presentation We report the case of a 34-year-old Caucasian woman affected by a thoracic intramedullary cavernous angioma. Our patient complained of 10-day history of acute dorsal pain, progressive weakness of both lower extremities, worse on the right side, a ‘pins and needles’ sensation in the abdominal region and bladder dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging showed, at D5 level, a vascular malformation, which was not documented at spinal angiography. Our patient underwent surgical treatment with total removal of the lesion and her symptoms gradually improved. A histological examination revealed the typical features of a cavernous angioma. Conclusions Intramedullary cavernous angioma is a rare lesion that should be diagnosed early and surgically treated before rebleeding or enlargement of the lesion can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Grasso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, School of Medicine, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo 90100, Italy.
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Song Y, Eng M, Ghabrial AS. Focal defects in single-celled tubes mutant for Cerebral cavernous malformation 3, GCKIII, or NSF2. Dev Cell 2013; 25:507-19. [PMID: 23763949 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tubes of differing cellular architecture connect into networks. In the Drosophila tracheal system, two tube types connect within single cells (terminal cells); however, the genes that mediate this interconnection are unknown. Here we characterize two genes that are essential for this process: lotus, required for maintaining a connection between the tubes, and wheezy, required to prevent local tube dilation. We find that lotus encodes N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor 2 (NSF2), whereas wheezy encodes Germinal center kinase III (GCKIII). GCKIIIs are effectors of Cerebral cavernous malformation 3 (CCM3), a protein mutated in vascular disease. Depletion of Ccm3 by RNA interference phenocopies wheezy; thus, CCM3 and GCKIII, which prevent capillary dilation in humans, prevent tube dilation in Drosophila trachea. Ectopic junctional and apical proteins are present in wheezy terminal cells, and we show that tube dilation is suppressed by reduction of NSF2, of the apical determinant Crumbs, or of septate junction protein Varicose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Song
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, BRBII/III Room 1214, 421 Curie Boulevard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Riant F, Bergametti F, Fournier HD, Chapon F, Michalak-Provost S, Cecillon M, Lejeune P, Hosseini H, Choe C, Orth M, Bernreuther C, Boulday G, Denier C, Labauge P, Tournier-Lasserve E. CCM3 Mutations Are Associated with Early-Onset Cerebral Hemorrhage and Multiple Meningiomas. Mol Syndromol 2013; 4:165-72. [PMID: 23801932 DOI: 10.1159/000350042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of CCM3/PDCD10 cause 10-15% of hereditary cerebral cavernous malformations. The phenotypic characterization of CCM3-mutated patients has been hampered by the limited number of patients harboring a mutation in this gene. This is the first report on molecular and clinical features of a large cohort of CCM3 patients. Molecular screening for point mutations and deletions was used to identify 54 CCM3-mutated index patients. Age at referral and clinical onset, type of inaugural events and presence of extra-axial lesions were investigated in these 54 index patients and 22 of their mutated relatives. Mean age at clinical onset was 23.0 ± 16 years. Clinical onset occurred before 10 years in 26% of the patients, and cerebral hemorrhage was the initial presentation in 72% of these patients. Multiple extra-axial, dural-based lesions were detected in 7 unrelated patients. These lesions proved to be meningiomas in 3 patients who underwent neurosurgery and pathological examination. This 'multiple meningiomas' phenotype is not associated with a specific CCM3 mutation. Hence, CCM3 mutations are associated with a high risk of early-onset cerebral hemorrhage and with the presence of multiple meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riant
- Service de Génétique Neuro-Vasculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ; Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares du Cerveau et de L'Œil, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Paris, France ; Unité Mixte de Recherche-S-740, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France ; Unité Mixte de Recherche-S-740, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Meschia JF, Woo D. Stroke Genetics. Stroke 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao Y, Xie L, Li P, Song J, Qu T, Fan W, Chen H, Chen D, Lu D, Zhou L, Mao Y. A novel CCM1 gene mutation causes cerebral cavernous malformation in a Chinese family. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 18:61-5. [PMID: 20884211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are characterized by an autosomal dominant transmission with incomplete penetrance. We have previously reported a 1292delAT mutation in the CCM1 gene in a Chinese family with CCM. Here we report a novel deletion of CCM1 that correlates strongly with CCM formation in another family. Ten affected family members were observed among the 25 participants, and multiple CCM lesions were detected in seven individuals. Nucleotide sequencing analysis in the index patient and other affected members showed a CAAA deletion in exon 12 at nucleotide (NT) 1197. We predict this deletion produces a premature stop code (TGA) at NT 1228, resulting in a truncated protein of 409 amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hua Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fu Dan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Halvorsen M, Martin JS, Broadaway S, Laederach A. Disease-associated mutations that alter the RNA structural ensemble. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001074. [PMID: 20808897 PMCID: PMC2924325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often identify disease-associated mutations in intergenic and non-coding regions of the genome. Given the high percentage of the human genome that is transcribed, we postulate that for some observed associations the disease phenotype is caused by a structural rearrangement in a regulatory region of the RNA transcript. To identify such mutations, we have performed a genome-wide analysis of all known disease-associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) that map to the untranslated regions (UTRs) of a gene. Rather than using minimum free energy approaches (e.g. mFold), we use a partition function calculation that takes into consideration the ensemble of possible RNA conformations for a given sequence. We identified in the human genome disease-associated SNPs that significantly alter the global conformation of the UTR to which they map. For six disease-states (Hyperferritinemia Cataract Syndrome, β-Thalassemia, Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia, Retinoblastoma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Hypertension), we identified multiple SNPs in UTRs that alter the mRNA structural ensemble of the associated genes. Using a Boltzmann sampling procedure for sub-optimal RNA structures, we are able to characterize and visualize the nature of the conformational changes induced by the disease-associated mutations in the structural ensemble. We observe in several cases (specifically the 5′ UTRs of FTL and RB1) SNP–induced conformational changes analogous to those observed in bacterial regulatory Riboswitches when specific ligands bind. We propose that the UTR and SNP combinations we identify constitute a “RiboSNitch,” that is a regulatory RNA in which a specific SNP has a structural consequence that results in a disease phenotype. Our SNPfold algorithm can help identify RiboSNitches by leveraging GWAS data and an analysis of the mRNA structural ensemble. Genome-wide association studies identify mutations in the human genome that correlate with a particular disease. It is common to find mutations associated with disease in the non-coding region of the genome. These non-coding mutations are more difficult to interpret at a molecular level, because they do not affect the protein sequence. In this study, we analyze disease-associated mutations in non-coding regions of our genome in the context of their structural effect on the message of genetic information in our cells, Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). We focus in particular on the regulatory parts of our genes known as untranslated regions. We find that certain disease-associated mutations in these regulatory untranslated regions have a significant effect on the structure of the RNA message. We call these elements “RiboSNitches,” because they act like switches turning on and off genes, but are caused by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), which are single point mutations in our genome. The RiboSNitches we identify are potentially a new class of pharmaceutical targets, as it is possible to change the structure of RNA with small drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Halvorsen
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Martin
- Developmental Genetics and Bioinformatics, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Sam Broadaway
- Developmental Genetics and Bioinformatics, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Alain Laederach
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Developmental Genetics and Bioinformatics, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen PY, Chang WSW, Lai YK, Wu CW. c-Myc regulates the coordinated transcription of brain disease-related PDCD10-SERPINI1 bidirectional gene pair. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 42:23-32. [PMID: 19442737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two brain disease-related genes, one coding for the protease inhibitor SERPINI1 which is down-regulated in brain tumors, and the other for the PDCD10 programmed cell death gene which is often mutated in cerebral cavernous malformation, are closely adjacent in a head-to-head configuration and separated by only 851 bp on human chromosome 3q26. The 851-bp intergenic region contains a GC-rich 175-bp minimal bidirectional promoter which is essential for transcriptional activation of the two flanking genes. The oncogenic c-Myc transcription factor was identified to bind to a non-canonical E-box element (5'-CATGCG-3') of the minimal bidirectional promoter to drive both gene expressions. Methylation at the specific C nucleotide within the E-box sequence (5'-CATG(m)CG-3'), however, would severely interfere with the binding of c-Myc to the E-box. These results suggest that c-Myc plays an important role in regulating the coordinated transcription of the PDCD10-SERPINI1 bidirectional gene pair, and is possibly involved in differential expressions of these two neighboring genes in central nervous system diseases such as brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
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