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Huang Y, Chen J, Lu J, Luo H, Ying N, Dong W, Lin M, Zheng H. Transient neonatal hyperglycemia induces metabolic shifts in the rat hippocampus: a 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2281-2288. [PMID: 37358727 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has been reported to induce brain metabolic disturbance, but the effect of transient neonatal hyperglycemia (TNH) on brain metabolism remains unclear. Herein the rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 µg/g body weight of streptozotocin within 12 h after birth and displayed a typical clinical characteristic of TNH. Then we used NMR-based metabolomics to examine the metabolic changes in the hippocampus between TNH and normal control (Ctrl) rats at postnatal 7 days (P7) and 21 days (P21). The results show that TNH rats had significantly increased levels of N-acetyl aspartate, glutamine, aspartate and choline in the hippocampus relative to Ctrl rats at P7. Moreover, we found that the levels of alanine, myo-inositol and choline were significantly lower in TNH rats, although their blood glucose levels have been recovered to the normal level at P21. Therefore, our results suggest that TNH may have a long-term effect on hippocampal metabolic changes mainly involving neurotransmitter metabolism and choline metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325400, China
| | - Junli Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hanqi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Na Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325400, China
| | - Minjie Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325400, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325400, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Xie X, Shi Y, Ma L, Yang W, Pu J, Shen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Lv F, Hu L. Altered neurometabolite levels in the brains of patients with depression: A systematic analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:95-102. [PMID: 36521666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have reported metabolic abnormalities in the brains of patients with depression, although inconsistent results have been reported. The aim of this study was to explore changes in neurometabolite levels in patients with depression across large-scale MRS studies. METHOD A total of 307 differential metabolite entries associated with depression were retrieved from 180 MRS studies retrieved from the Metabolite Network of Depression Database. The vote-counting method was used to identify consistently altered metabolites in the whole brain and specific brain regions of patients with depression. RESULTS Only few differential neurometabolites showed a stable change trend. The levels of total choline (tCho) and the tCho/N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) ratio were consistently higher in the brains of patients with depression, and that the levels of NAA, glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were lower. For specific brain regions, we found lower Glx levels in the prefrontal cortex and lower GABA concentrations in the occipital cortex. We also found lower concentrations of NAA in the anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex. The levels of tCho were higher in the prefrontal cortex and putamen. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that most altered neurometabolites in previous studies lack of adequate reproducibility. Through vote-counting method with large-scale studies, downregulation of glutamatergic neurometabolites, impaired neuronal integrity, and disturbed membrane metabolism were found in the pathobiology of depression, which contribute to existing knowledge of neurometabolic changes in depression. Further studies based on a larger dataset are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Xie
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liangbo Hu
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Roy P, Tomassoni D, Nittari G, Traini E, Amenta F. Effects of choline containing phospholipids on the neurovascular unit: A review. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:988759. [PMID: 36212684 PMCID: PMC9541750 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.988759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of choline and of choline-containing phospholipids (CCPLs) on the maintenance and progress of neurovascular unit (NVU) integrity are analyzed. NVU is composed of neurons, glial and vascular cells ensuring the correct homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and indirectly the function of the central nervous system. The CCPLs phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), choline alphoscerate or α-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (α-GPC) contribute to the modulation of the physiology of the NVU cells. A loss of CCPLs contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease. Our study has characterized the cellular components of the NVU and has reviewed the effect of lecithin, of CDP-choline and α-GPC documented in preclinical studies and in limited clinical trials on these compounds. The interesting results obtained with some CCPLs, in particular with α-GPC, probably would justify reconsideration of the most promising molecules in larger attentively controlled studies. This can also contribute to better define the role of the NVU in the pathophysiology of brain disorders characterized by vascular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Nittari
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Amenta,
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4
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Premi E, Cantoni V, Benussi A, Gilberti N, Vergani V, Delrio I, Gamba M, Spezi R, Costa A, Padovani A, Borroni B, Magoni M. Citicoline Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized, Single-Blind TMS Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:915362. [PMID: 35923827 PMCID: PMC9340348 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.915362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research on animal models of ischemic stroke supports the idea that pharmacological treatment potentially enhancing intrinsic brain plasticity could modulate acute brain damage, with improved functional recovery. One of these new drugs is citicoline, which could provide neurovascular protection and repair effects. Objectives The objective of this randomized, single-blind experimental study was to evaluate whether the treatment with Rischiaril® Forte was able to restore intracortical excitability measures, evaluated through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols, in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited and assigned to an eight-week therapy of standard treatment (control group - CG) or CDP-choline (Rischiaril® Forte, containing 1,000 mg of citicoline sodium salt) added to conventional treatment (treatment group - TG). Each subject underwent a clinical evaluation and neurophysiological assessment using TMS, pretretament and posttreatment. Results A total of thirty participants (mean [SD] age, 68.1 [9.6] years; 11 women [37%]) completed the study. We did not observe significant changes in clinical scores after CDP-choline treatment (all p > 0.05), but we observed a significant improvement in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SAI) (p = 0.003) in the TG group compared to the CG group. Conclusions The eight-week treatment with citicoline after acute ischemic stroke may restore intracortical excitability measures, which partially depends on cholinergic transmission. This study extends current knowledge of the application of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Premi
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Enrico Premi
| | - Valentina Cantoni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Gilberti
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Vergani
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Delrio
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gamba
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Spezi
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angelo Costa
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Magoni
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Świątkiewicz M, Grieb P. Citicoline for Supporting Memory in Aging Humans. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.0913. [PMID: 37196134 PMCID: PMC10389840 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citicoline is the generic name of CDP-choline, a natural metabolite present in all living cells. Used in medicine as a drug since the 1980-s, citicoline was recently pronounced a food ingredient. When ingested, citicoline breaks down to cytidine and choline, which become incorporated into their respective normal metabolic pathways. Choline is a precursor of acetylcholine and phospholipids; these is a neurotransmitter pivotal for learning and memory and important constituents of neuronal membranes and myelin sheaths, respectively. Cytidine in humans is readily converted to uridine, which exerts a positive effect on synaptic function and supports the formation of synaptic membranes. Choline deficiency has been found to be correlated with memory dysfunction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed that citicoline intake improves brain uptake of choline in older persons, suggestive of that it shall help in reversing early age-related cognitive changes. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials of cognitively normal middle-aged and elderly persons, positive effects of citicoline on memory efficacy were found. Similar effects of citicoline on memory indices were also found in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment and some other neurological diseases. Altogether, the aforementioned data provide complex and unambiguous evidence supporting the claim that oral citicoline intake positively influences memory function in humans who encounter age-related memory impairment also in the absence of any detectable neurological or psychiatric disease.
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Liang S, Liu Y, Meng Y, Sun C. Two-stage Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soybean Concentrated Phospholipid to Prepare Glycerylphosphorylcholine: Optimized by Response Surface Methodology. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:237-245. [PMID: 33456010 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis method, in which phospholipase A1 (PLA1) was added after phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was added for a certain time, was successfully carried out to prepare glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) from soybean concentrated phospholipid. Effects of reaction variables on hydrolysis reaction were optimized using response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: PLA2 load of 1.25%, PLA1 load of 0.70%, substrate concentration of 13%, reaction temperature of 41°C, and stirring rate of 680 rpm. Under the optimal conditions, the GPC yield reached 83.07%, which is close to the predicted value by the fitted model. This paper not only provides an efficient and low-cost method to prepare GPC, but also improves the high-value utilization of soybean concentrated phospholipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Yameng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Yannan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Cong Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
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7
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Xu P, Ning J, Jiang Q, Li C, Yan J, Zhao L, Gao H, Zheng H. Region-specific metabolic characterization of the type 1 diabetic brain in mice with and without cognitive impairment. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104941. [PMID: 33333211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported to cause cognitive decline, but brain metabolic changes during this process are still far from being fully understood. Here, we found that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice exhibited impaired learning and memory at 11 weeks after STZ treatment but not at 3 weeks. Therefore, we studied metabolic alterations in six different brain regions of T1D mice with and without cognitive decline, and attempted to identify key metabolic pathways related to diabetic cognitive dysfunction. The results demonstrate that lactate had already increased in all brain regions of T1D mice prior to cognitive decline, but a decreased TCA cycle was only observed in hippocampus, cortex and striatum of T1D mice with cognitive impairment. Reduced N-acetylaspartate and choline were found in all brain regions of T1D mice, irrespective of cognitive decline. In addition, disrupted neurotransmitter metabolism was noted to occur in T1D mice before cognitive deficit. Of note, we found that the level of uridine was significantly reduced in cerebellum, cortex, hypothalamus and midbrain of T1D mice when cognitive decline was presented. Therefore, brain region-specific metabolic alterations may comprise possible biomarkers for the early-diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic cognitive decline. Moreover, down-regulated TCA cycle and pyrimidine metabolism could be closely related to T1D-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiaoying Jiang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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8
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Jiang Q, Xu H, Yan J, Xu Q, Zheng Y, Li C, Zhao L, Gao H, Zheng H. Sex-specific metabolic alterations in the type 1 diabetic brain of mice revealed by an integrated method of metabolomics and mixed-model. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2063-2074. [PMID: 32802278 PMCID: PMC7419581 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can cause brain region-specific metabolic disorders, but whether gender influences T1D-related brain metabolic changes is rarely reported. Therefore, here we examined metabolic changes in six different brain regions of male and female mice under normal and T1D conditions using an integrated method of NMR-based metabolomics and linear mixed-model, and aimed to explore sex-specific metabolic changes from normal to T1D. The results demonstrate that metabolic differences occurred in all brain regions between two genders, while the hippocampal metabolism is more likely to be affected by T1D. At the 4th week after streptozotocin treatment, brain metabolic disorders mainly occurred in the cortex and hippocampus in female T1D mice, but the striatum and hippocampus in male T1D mice. In addition, anaerobic glycolysis was significantly altered in male mice, mainly in the striatum, midbrain, hypothalamus and hippocampus, but not in female mice. We also found that female mice exhibited a hypometabolism status relative to male mice from normal to T1D. Collectively, this study suggests that T1D affected brain region-specific metabolic alterations in a sex-specific manner, and may provide a metabolic view on diabetic brain diseases between genders.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- Ala, alanine
- Asp, aspartate
- Cho, choline
- Cortex
- Cre/pCre, creatine/phosphocreatine
- Diabetes
- GABA, γ-Aminobutyric acid
- Gender
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- Gly, glycine
- Hippocampus
- IMP, inosine monophosphate
- Ino, inosine
- Lac, lactate
- Metabolomics
- Myo, myo-inositol
- NAA, N-acetylaspartate
- NAD+, nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide
- Neurotransmitter
- Suc, succinate
- Tau, taurine
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Jiang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hangying Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yafei Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Yu X, Li L, Wang H, Song G, Wang J, Li S, Wang Y, Shen Q. Lipidomics study of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and salmons (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Salmo salar) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography and mass spectrometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Tsukahara T, Haniu H, Uemura T, Matsuda Y. Porcine liver decomposition product-derived lysophospholipids promote microglial activation in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3748. [PMID: 32111938 PMCID: PMC7048828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments such as dementia are common in later life, and have been suggested to occur via a range of mechanisms, including oxidative stress, age-related changes to cellular metabolism, and a loss of phospholipids (PLs) from neuronal membranes. PLs are a class of amphipathic lipids that form plasma membrane lipid bilayers, and that occur at high concentrations in neuronal membranes. Our previous study suggested that a porcine liver decomposition product (PLDP) produced via protease treatment may improve cognitive function at older ages, by acting as a rich source of PLs and lysophospholipids (LPLs); however, its specific composition remains unclear. Thus, the present study used a novel liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) protocol to identify the major PLs and LPLs in PLDP. Furthermore, it assessed the effect of identified LPLs on microglial activation in vitro, including cell shape, proliferation, and cell morphology. The results of the conducted analyses showed that PLDP and PLDP-derived LPLs concentration-dependently modulate microglial activation in vitro. In particular, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentration-dependently promotes cell morphology, likely via effects mediated by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX), since inhibiting ATX also promoted cell morphology, while conversely, increasing ATX production (via treatment with high levels of LPC) abolished this effect. These findings suggest that LPC is likely neuroprotective, and thus, support the importance of further research to assess its use as a therapeutic target to treat age-related cognitive impairments, including dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
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Chronic sleep restriction in the rotenone Parkinson's disease model in rats reveals peripheral early-phase biomarkers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1898. [PMID: 30760786 PMCID: PMC6374389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic disorder that presents a range of premotor signs, such as sleep disturbances and cognitive decline, which are key non-motor features of the disease. Increasing evidence of a possible association between sleep disruption and the neurodegenerative process suggests that sleep impairment could produce a detectable metabolic signature on the disease. In order to integrate neurocognitive and metabolic parameters, we performed untargeted and targeted metabolic profiling of the rotenone PD model in a chronic sleep restriction (SR) (6 h/day for 21 days) condition. We found that SR combined with PD altered several behavioural (reversal of locomotor activity impairment; cognitive impairment; delay of rest-activity rhythm) and metabolic parameters (branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan pathway, phenylalanine, and lipoproteins, pointing to mitochondrial impairment). If combined, our results bring a plethora of parameters that represents reliable early-phase PD biomarkers which can easily be measured and could be translated to human studies.
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12
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Tayebati SK. Phospholipid and Lipid Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092257. [PMID: 30189584 PMCID: PMC6225353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demographical trend is changing towards a more elderly population. In particular, this phenomenon is increasing the number of neurodegenerative disease cases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) in advanced countries. Therefore, there is a fertile field for neuroprotective approaches to address this problem. A useful strategy to protect the membrane integrity of cells and reduce inflammatory processes. In this context, the neurons represent particularly vulnerable cells. Thus, a protection strategy should include their membrane preservation and improved anti-inflammatory processes. The contribution of phospholipid derivatives to this issue is crucial and many articles evidence their role in both health and disease. On the other hand, some lipids containing choline actively participate to increase the choline levels in the nervous system. It is acknowledged that the cholinergic system plays a pivotal role both in the central and in the peripheral nervous system. Neurons cannot synthesize choline, which is provided by the diet. The reuptake of ACh and its hydrolysis represent the principal source of choline. Therefore, to cover choline needs, choline-containing lipids may be used. There are different works which demonstrate their neuroprotective features This review article analyzes phospholipid and lipid derivatives that through different mechanisms are involved in these protective processes, although, sometimes the same molecules may behave as neurotoxic elements, therefore, their protective machinery should be detailed better.
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Yoo S, Kim K, Nam H, Lee D. Discovering Health Benefits of Phytochemicals with Integrated Analysis of the Molecular Network, Chemical Properties and Ethnopharmacological Evidence. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081042. [PMID: 30096807 PMCID: PMC6115900 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the health benefits of phytochemicals is an essential step in drug and functional food development. While many in vitro screening methods have been developed to identify the health effects of phytochemicals, there is still room for improvement because of high cost and low productivity. Therefore, researchers have alternatively proposed in silico methods, primarily based on three types of approaches; utilizing molecular, chemical or ethnopharmacological information. Although each approach has its own strength in analyzing the characteristics of phytochemicals, previous studies have not considered them all together. Here, we apply an integrated in silico analysis to identify the potential health benefits of phytochemicals based on molecular analysis and chemical properties as well as ethnopharmacological evidence. From the molecular analysis, we found an average of 415.6 health effects for 591 phytochemicals. We further investigated ethnopharmacological evidence of phytochemicals and found that on average 129.1 (31%) of the predicted health effects had ethnopharmacological evidence. Lastly, we investigated chemical properties to confirm whether they are orally bio-available, drug available or effective on certain tissues. The evaluation results indicate that the health effects can be predicted more accurately by cooperatively considering the molecular analysis, chemical properties and ethnopharmacological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyong Yoo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kwansoo Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hojung Nam
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea.
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Tayebati SK, Martinelli I, Moruzzi M, Amenta F, Tomassoni D. Choline and Choline alphoscerate Do Not Modulate Inflammatory Processes in the Rat Brain. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101084. [PMID: 28961195 PMCID: PMC5691701 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is involved in relevant neurochemical processes. In particular, it is the precursor and metabolite of acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is an essential component of different membrane phospholipids that are involved in intraneuronal signal transduction. On the other hand, cholinergic precursors are involved in ACh release and carry out a neuroprotective effect based on an anti-inflammatory action. Based on these findings, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of choline and choline precursor (Choline alphoscerate, GPC) in the modulation of inflammatory processes in the rat brain. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 87 mg of choline chloride/kg/day (65 mg/kg/day of choline), and at choline-equivalent doses of GPC (150 mg/kg/day) and vehicle for two weeks. The brains were dissected and used for immunochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β, IL-1β; Interleukin-6, IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, TNF-α) and endothelial adhesion molecules (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule, ICAM-1 and Vascular cell Adhesion Molecule, VCAM-1) were studied in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. The results clearly demonstrated that treatment with choline or GPC did not affect the expression of the inflammatory markers in the different cerebral areas evaluated. Therefore, choline and GPC did not stimulate the inflammatory processes that we assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Michele Moruzzi
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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15
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Szabó ER, Plangár I, Tőkés T, Mán I, Polanek R, Kovács R, Fekete G, Szabó Z, Csenki Z, Baska F, Hideghéty K. l-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine as a Potential Radioprotective Agent in Zebrafish Embryo Model. Zebrafish 2016; 13:481-488. [PMID: 27486826 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work establishes the zebrafish embryo model for ionizing radiation (IR) modifier research and also evaluates the protective effect of l-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC). Embryos were exposed to a single-fraction whole-body gamma irradiation (5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy) at different postfertilization time points and were serially assessed for viability and macro- and micromorphologic abnormalities. After toxicity evaluation, 194 μM of GPC was added for certain groups with 3-h incubation before the radiation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression changes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A higher sensitivity could be observed at earlier stages of the embryogenesis. The lethal dose (LD50) for 6 hours postfertilization (hpf) embryos was 15 Gy and for 24 hpf was 20 Gy on day 7, respectively. GPC administration resulted in a significant improvement in both the distortion rate and survival of the 24 hpf embryos. Qualitative evaluation of the histological changes confirmed the protective effect of GPC. IL-1β and NF-κB overexpression due to 10 Gy irradiation was also reduced by GPC. GPC exhibited promising radioprotective effects in our zebrafish embryo model, decreasing the irradiation-induced morphological damage and lethality with significant reduction of IR-caused pro-inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Rita Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Plangár
- 2 MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tőkés
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,3 Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Mán
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Polanek
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kovács
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fekete
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 6 Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Kim JH, Lee DW, Choi BY, Sohn M, Lee SH, Choi HC, Song HK, Suh SW. Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) adversely effects on pilocarpine seizure-induced hippocampal neuronal death. Brain Res 2014; 1595:156-65. [PMID: 25446447 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Citicoline (CDP-choline; cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cell membrane phospholipids. Citicoline serves as a choline donor in the biosynthetic pathways of acetylcholine and neuronal membrane phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine. The ability of citicoline to reverse neuronal injury has been tested in animal models of cerebral ischemia and clinical trials have been performed in stroke patients. However, no studies have examined the effect of citicoline on seizure-induced neuronal death. To clarify the potential therapeutic effects of citicoline on seizure-induced neuronal death, we used an animal model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (25mg/kg) in adult male rats. Citicoline (100 or 300 mg/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal space two hours after seizure onset and a second injection was performed 24h after the seizure. Citicoline was injected once per day for one week after pilocarpine- or kainate-induced seizure. Neuronal injury and microglial activation were evaluated at 1 week post-seizure. Surprisingly, rather than offering protection, citicoline treatment actually enhanced seizure-induced neuronal death and microglial activation in the hippocampus compared to vehicle treated controls. Citicoline administration after seizure-induction increased immunoglobulin leakage via BBB disruption in the hippocampus compared with the vehicle-only group. To clarify if this adverse effect of citicoline is generalizable across alternative seizure models, we induced seizure by kainate injection (10mg/kg, i.p.) and then injected citicoline as in pilocarpine-induced seizure. We found that citicoline did not modulate kainate seizure-induced neuronal death, BBB disruption or microglial activation. These results suggest that citicoline may not have neuroprotective effects after seizure and that clinical application of citicoline after seizure needs careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sohn
- Inha University, Department of Nursing, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kesler SR, Watson C, Koovakkattu D, Lee C, O'Hara R, Mahaffey ML, Wefel JS. Elevated prefrontal myo-inositol and choline following breast cancer chemotherapy. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 7:501-10. [PMID: 23536015 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction, which reduces quality of life. Neuroimaging studies provide critical insights regarding the mechanisms underlying these cognitive deficits as well as potential biologic targets for interventions. We measured several metabolite concentrations using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as cognitive performance in 19 female breast cancer survivors and 17 age-matched female controls. Women with breast cancer were all treated with chemotherapy. Results indicated significantly increased choline (Cho) and myo-inositol (mI) with correspondingly decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cho and NAA/mI ratios in the breast cancer group compared to controls. The breast cancer group reported reduced executive function and memory, and subjective memory ability was correlated with mI and Cho levels in both groups. These findings provide preliminary evidence of an altered metabolic profile that increases our understanding of neurobiologic status post-breast cancer and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli R Kesler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA,
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18
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Radio-neuroprotective effect of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) in an experimental rat model. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:253-61. [PMID: 24880750 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation plays a major role in the treatment of brain tumors, but side-effects may restrict the efficacy of therapy. In the present study, our goals were to establish whether the administration of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) can moderate or prevent any of the irradiation-induced functional and morphological changes in a rodent model of hippocampus irradiation. Anesthetized adult (6-weeks-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 40 Gy irradiation of one hemisphere of the brain, without or with GPC treatment (50 mg/kg bw by gavage), the GPC treatment continuing for 4 months. The effects of this partial rat brain irradiation on the spatial orientation and learning ability of the rats were assessed with the repeated Morris water maze (MWM) test. Histopathologic (HP) evaluation based on hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol blue staining was performed 4 months after irradiation. The 40 Gy irradiation resulted in a moderate neurological deficit at the levels of both cognitive function and morphology 4 months after the irradiation. The MWM test proved to be a highly sensitive tool for the detection of neurofunctional impairment. The site navigation of the rats was impaired by the irradiation, but the GPC treatment markedly decreased the cognitive impairment. HP examination revealed lesser amounts of macrophage density, reactive gliosis, calcification and extent of demyelination in the GPC-treated group. GPC treatment led to significant protection against the cognitive decline and cellular damage, evoked by focal brain irradiation at 40 Gy dose level. Our study warrants further research on the protective or mitigating effects of GPC on radiation injuries.
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19
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Pizova NV. The use of cereton in patients with chronic brain ischemia and moderate cognitive impairment. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2014; 114:78-83. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201411412178-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Lau JK, Brown KC, Thornhill BA, Crabtree CM, Dom AM, Witte TR, Hardman WE, McNees CA, Stover CA, Carpenter AB, Luo H, Chen YC, Shiflett BS, Dasgupta P. Inhibition of cholinergic signaling causes apoptosis in human bronchioalveolar carcinoma. Cancer Res 2013; 73:1328-39. [PMID: 23222296 PMCID: PMC10461321 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent case-controlled clinical studies show that bronchioalveolar carcinomas (BAC) are correlated with smoking. Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, accelerates cell proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In this study, we show that human BACs produce acetylcholine (ACh) and contain several cholinergic factors including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), choline transporter 1 (CHT1, SLC5A7), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT, SLC18A3), and nACh receptors (AChRs, CHRNAs). Nicotine increased the production of ACh in human BACs, and ACh acts as a growth factor for these cells. Nicotine-induced ACh production was mediated by α7-, α3β2-, and β3-nAChRs, ChAT and VAChT pathways. We observed that nicotine upregulated ChAT and VAChT. Therefore, we conjectured that VAChT antagonists, such as vesamicol, may suppress the growth of human BACs. Vesamicol induced potent apoptosis of human BACs in cell culture and nude mice models. Vesamicol did not have any effect on EGF or insulin-like growth factor-II-induced growth of human BACs. siRNA-mediated attenuation of VAChT reversed the apoptotic activity of vesamicol. We also observed that vesamicol inhibited Akt phosphorylation during cell death and that overexpression of constitutively active Akt reversed the apoptotic activity of vesamicol. Taken together, our results suggested that disruption of nicotine-induced cholinergic signaling by agents such as vesamicol may have applications in BAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K. Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Kathleen C. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Brent A. Thornhill
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Clayton M. Crabtree
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Aaron M. Dom
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Theodore R. Witte
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - W. Elaine Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Christopher A. McNees
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Cody A. Stover
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - A. Betts Carpenter
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Haitao Luo
- Department of Biology, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, West Virginia
| | - Yi C. Chen
- Department of Biology, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, West Virginia
| | - Brandon S. Shiflett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington
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Effects of a Calorie-Restricted Diet on the Content of Phospholipids in the Brain and Cognitive Functions in Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-012-9287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Tayebati SK, Tomassoni D, Amenta F. Spontaneously hypertensive rat as a model of vascular brain disorder: microanatomy, neurochemistry and behavior. J Neurol Sci 2012; 322:241-9. [PMID: 22726353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is the main risk factor for stroke and plays a role in the development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and vascular dementia (VaD). An association between hypertension and reduced cerebral blood flow and VCI is documented and arterial hypertension in midlife is associated with a higher probability of cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that arterial hypertension is a main cause of vascular brain disorder (VBD). Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the rat strain most extensively investigated and used for assessing hypertensive brain damage and treatment of it. They are normotensive at birth and at 6months they have a sustained hypertension. Time-dependent rise of arterial blood pressure, the occurrence of brain atrophy, loss of nerve cells and glial reaction are phenomena shared to some extent with hypertensive brain damage in humans. SHR present changes of some neurotransmitter systems that may have functional and behavioral relevance. An impaired cholinergic neurotransmission characterizes SHR, similarly as reported in patients affected by VaD. SHR are also characterized by a dopaminergic hypofunction and noradrenergic hyperactivity similarly as occurs in attention-deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Microanatomical, neurochemical and behavioral data on SHR are in favor of the hypothesis that this strain is a suitable model of VBD. Changes in catecholaminergic transmission put forward SHR as a possible model of ADHD as well. Hence SHR could represent a multi-faced model of two important groups of pathologies, VBD and ADHD. As for most models, researchers should always consider that SHR offer some similarities with corresponding human pathologies, but they do not suffer from the same disease. This paper reviews the main microanatomical, neurochemical and behavioral characteristics of SHR with particular reference as an animal model of brain vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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