1
|
Mo L, Tie X, Che F, Zhang L, Li B, Wang G, Yang Y. A Novel Homozygous Deletion Including Exon 1 of FA2H Gene Causes Spastic Paraplegia-35: Genetic and Lipidomics Analysis of the Patients. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 152:200-208. [PMID: 38306901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is encoded by the FA2H gene, with mutations therein leading to the neurodegenerative condition, spastic paraplegia-35 (SPG35). We aim to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of a nonconsanguineous Chinese family diagnosed with SPG35 by examining the clinical manifestations, scrutinizing genetic variants, and establishing the role of FA2H mutation in lipid metabolism. METHODS Using next-generation sequencing analysis to identify the pathogenic gene in this pedigree and family cosegregation verification. The use of lipidomics of patient pedigree peripheral blood mononuclear cells further substantiated alterations in lipid metabolism attributable to the FA2H exon 1 deletion. RESULTS The proband exhibited gait disturbance from age 5 years; he developed further clinical manifestations such as scissor gait and dystonia. His younger sister also presented with a spastic gait from the same age. We identified a homozygous deletion in the region of FA2H exon 1, spanning from chr16:74807867 to chr16: 74810391 in the patients. Lipidomic analysis revealed significant differences in 102 metabolites compared with healthy controls, with 62 metabolites increased and 40 metabolites decreased. We specifically zeroed in on 19 different sphingolipid metabolites, which comprised ceramides, ganglioside, etc., with only three of these sphingolipids previously reported. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of lipid metabolism in the blood of patients with SPG35. The results broaden our understanding of the SPG35 gene spectrum, offering insights for future molecular mechanism research and laying groundwork for determining metabolic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidangzhi Mo
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoling Tie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Benchang Li
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoxia Wang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
German A, Jukic J, Laner A, Arnold P, Socher E, Mennecke A, Schmidt MA, Winkler J, Abicht A, Regensburger M. Novel Homozygous FA2H Variant Causing the Full Spectrum of Fatty Acid Hydroxylase-Associated Neurodegeneration (SPG35). Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:14. [PMID: 38275596 PMCID: PMC10815826 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN/SPG35) is caused by pathogenic variants in FA2H and has been linked to a continuum of specific motor and non-motor neurological symptoms, leading to progressive disability. As an ultra-rare disease, its mutational spectrum has not been fully elucidated. Here, we present the prototypical workup of a novel FA2H variant, including clinical and in silico validation. An 18-year-old male patient presented with a history of childhood-onset progressive cognitive impairment, as well as progressive gait disturbance and lower extremity muscle cramps from the age of 15. Additional symptoms included exotropia, dystonia, and limb ataxia. Trio exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous c.75C>G (p.Cys25Trp) missense variant in the FA2H gene, which was located in the cytochrome b5 heme-binding domain. Evolutionary conservation, prediction models, and structural protein modeling indicated a pathogenic loss of function. Brain imaging showed characteristic features, thus fulfilling the complete multisystem neurodegenerative phenotype of FAHN/SPG35. In summary, we here present a novel FA2H variant and provide prototypical clinical findings and structural analyses underpinning its pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander German
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jelena Jukic
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Laner
- MGZ—Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Schmidt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angela Abicht
- MGZ—Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Fang F, Ding C, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang W, Bao X, Lv J, Wang X, Ren X, Wang H. Clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in Chinese children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:416-423. [PMID: 36109173 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in Chinese children. METHOD This retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and October 2021 in children clinically diagnosed with either pure HSP (pHSP) or complex HSP (cHSP). RESULTS We investigated 45 children (32 males, 13 females; mean age [SD] at symptom onset 4 years [7 months]). clinically diagnosed with HSP and identified genetic causes in 35 patients. Most patients with autosomal dominant HSP had pHSP (16/18), whereas most patients with autosomal recessive HSP tended to have cHSP (14/16). SPG11 was the most common autosomal recessive subtype, followed by FA2H/SPG35, whereas SPAST/SPG4 was the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant HSP. Two patients with CPT1C mutations presented with a complex phenotype. Meanwhile, 10 patients were found to have likely pathogenic variants/variants of uncertain clinical significance in six genes related to HSP. INTERPRETATION SPG11 and SPG4 were the most frequent subtypes in Chinese children with autosomal recessive HSP and autosomal dominant HSP. However, the prevalence of SPG4 was much lower than that in adults, which might be explained by the late onset of the disease. On the other hand, FA2H/SPG35 was common in our cohort, while it contributed to only a small proportion of adult cases, which might be explained by its rapid progression and early death in some patients. We also expanded the genetic and clinical spectra of SPG73.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Bao
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junlan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Identification of novel mutations by targeted NGS in Moroccan families clinically diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:51-58. [PMID: 34852264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The identification of underlying genes of genetic conditions has expanded greatly in the past decades, which has broadened the field of genes responsible for inherited neuromuscular diseases. We aimed to investigate mutations associated with neuromuscular disorders phenotypes in 2 Moroccan families. MATERIAL AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing could assist with understanding the hereditary variety and underlying disease mechanisms in these disorders. RESULTS Two novel homozygous mutations were described in this study. The SIL1 mutation is the first identified in the Moroccan population, the mutation was identified as the main cause of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome in one patient. While the second mutation identified in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene (FA2H) was associated with the Spastic paraplegia 35 in another patient, both transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These conditions are extremely rare in the North African population and may be underdiagnosed due to overlapping clinical characteristics and heterogeneity of these diseases. We have reported in this study mutations associated with the diseases found in the patients. In addition, we have narrowed the phenotypic spectrum, as well as the diagnostic orientation of patients with neuromuscular disorders, who might have very similar symptoms to other disease groups.
Collapse
|
6
|
Two novel biallelic variants in
TECPR2
and
FA2H
genes causing complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia in Iranian families from Lur ethnicity: Case series. Clin Case Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
7
|
De Winter J, Beijer D, De Ridder W, Synofzik M, Zuchner SL, Van Damme P, Spileers W, Baets J. PCYT2 mutations disrupting etherlipid biosynthesis: phenotypes converging on the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Brain 2021; 144:e17. [PMID: 33230519 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan De Winter
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Willem De Ridder
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan L Zuchner
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Werner Spileers
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Ophthalmology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Incecik F, Besen S, Bozdogan ST. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 35 with a Novel Mutation in Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase Gene and Literature Review of the Clinical Features. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:335-339. [PMID: 30532373 PMCID: PMC6238570 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_106_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Incecik
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyda Besen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Tug Bozdogan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li D, Misialek JR, Huang F, Windham GB, Yu F, Alonso A. Independent Association of Plasma Hydroxysphingomyelins With Physical Function in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1103-1110. [PMID: 29053806 PMCID: PMC6037051 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma metabolites such as phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins (SMs) are associated with an age-related cognitive decline. However, their relations to age-related physical function decline remain largely unknown. Methods We examined the cross-sectional relations of 12 plasma metabolites (including four phosphatidylcholines and four SMs) with physical function in 383 older adults in the At herosclerosis Risk in Communities Study at the fifth exam (2011-2013, mean age [standard deviation (SD)]: 78.0 [5.5], 54.4% women, 28.3% African Americans). Physical function was assessed using grip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery, and 4-m walking speed. Individual metabolites were log-transformed and standardized. Multivariable linear regression was performed to account for demographics, APOE genotype, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, depressive symptoms, and cognition. Results Lower concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine and higher concentrations of SM (OH) C22:1, SM (OH) C22:2, and SM (OH) C24:1 were associated with physical function measures. In particular, SM (OH) C22:1 and SM (OH) C24:1 were associated with all three measures of physical function: β-coefficients (95% confidence interval) with grip strength were 0.89 kg (0.00, 1.78) and 0.86 kg (0.10, 1.61) per 1 SD higher concentration, respectively; with Short Physical Performance Battery score, were 0.61 (0.34, 0.88) and 0.41 (0.19, 0.63) per 1 SD difference, respectively; with 4-m walking speed were 0.035 m/s (0.013, 0.056) and 0.035 m/s (0.028, 0.047), respectively. Conclusions Plasma SM (OH)s may be independently associated with physical function in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jeffrey R Misialek
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Fangying Huang
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Gwen B Windham
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mari F, Berti B, Romano A, Baldacci J, Rizzi R, Grazia Alessandrì M, Tessa A, Procopio E, Rubegni A, Lourenḉo CM, Simonati A, Guerrini R, Santorelli FM. Clinical and neuroimaging features of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 35 (SPG35): case reports, new mutations, and brief literature review. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:123-130. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Tello C, Darling A, Lupo V, Pérez-Dueñas B, Espinós C. On the complexity of clinical and molecular bases of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Clin Genet 2017; 93:731-740. [PMID: 28542792 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of inherited heterogeneous neurodegenerative rare disorders. These patients present with dystonia, spasticity, parkinsonism and neuropsychiatric disturbances, along with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of iron accumulation. In sum, they are devastating disorders and to date, there is no specific treatment. Ten NBIA genes are accepted: PANK2, PLA2G6, C19orf12, COASY, FA2H, ATP13A2, WDR45, FTL, CP, and DCAF17; and nonetheless, a relevant percentage of patients remain without genetic diagnosis, suggesting that other novel NBIA genes remain to be discovered. Overlapping complex clinical pictures render an accurate differential diagnosis difficult. Little is known about the pathophysiology of NBIAs. The reported NBIA genes take part in a variety of pathways: CoA synthesis, lipid and iron metabolism, autophagy, and membrane remodeling. The next-generation sequencing revolution has achieved relevant advances in genetics of Mendelian diseases and provide new genes for NBIAs, which are investigated according to 2 main strategies: genes involved in disorders with similar phenotype and genes that play a role in a pathway of interest. To achieve an effective therapy for NBIA patients, a better understanding of the biological process underlying disease is crucial, moving toward a new age of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tello
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Darling
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Unit U703, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Lupo
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Unit U703, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Axpe IR, Blanco Martín E, Garcia Ribes A, Bermejo-Ramirez R, Arroyo Andújar D. Sensory-motor neuropathy in a case with SPG35: Expanding the phenotype. J Neurol Sci 2017; 380:98-100. [PMID: 28870598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Rouco Axpe
- Ataxias and Spastic Paraplegias Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Elisa Blanco Martín
- Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Garcia Ribes
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmed MY, Al-Khayat A, Al-Murshedi F, Al-Futaisi A, Chioza BA, Pedro Fernandez-Murray J, Self JE, Salter CG, Harlalka GV, Rawlins LE, Al-Zuhaibi S, Al-Azri F, Al-Rashdi F, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Wenk MR, Al-Salmi F, Patton MA, Silver DL, Baple EL, McMaster CR, Crosby AH. A mutation of EPT1 (SELENOI) underlies a new disorder of Kennedy pathway phospholipid biosynthesis. Brain 2017; 140:547-554. [PMID: 28052917 PMCID: PMC5382949 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes involved in lipid metabolism have increasingly been associated with various subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia, a highly heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative motor neuron disorders characterized by spastic paraparesis. Here, we report an unusual autosomal recessive neurodegenerative condition, best classified as a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, associated with mutation in the ethanolaminephosphotransferase 1 (EPT1) gene (now known as SELENOI), responsible for the final step in Kennedy pathway forming phosphatidylethanolamine from CDP-ethanolamine. Phosphatidylethanolamine is a glycerophospholipid that, together with phosphatidylcholine, constitutes more than half of the total phospholipids in eukaryotic cell membranes. We determined that the mutation defined dramatically reduces the enzymatic activity of EPT1, thereby hindering the final step in phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis. Additionally, due to central nervous system inaccessibility we undertook quantification of phosphatidylethanolamine levels and species in patient and control blood samples as an indication of liver phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. Although this revealed alteration to levels of specific phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acyl species in patients, overall phosphatidylethanolamine levels were broadly unaffected indicating that in blood EPT1 inactivity may be compensated for, in part, via alternate biochemical pathways. These studies define the first human disorder arising due to defective CDP-ethanolamine biosynthesis and provide new insight into the role of Kennedy pathway components in human neurological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Y Ahmed
- Medical Research (Level 4), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Aisha Al-Khayat
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fathiya Al-Murshedi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Amna Al-Futaisi
- Department of Paediatrics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Barry A Chioza
- Medical Research (Level 4), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Jay E Self
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Claire G Salter
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - Gaurav V Harlalka
- Medical Research (Level 4), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Lettie E Rawlins
- Medical Research (Level 4), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sana Al-Zuhaibi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Faisal Al-Azri
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fatma Al-Rashdi
- Department of Paediatrics, Sameal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- SLING, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- SLING, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fatema Al-Salmi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Michael A Patton
- Medical Research (Level 4), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - David L Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research (Level 4), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research (Level 4), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaji S, Kawarai T, Miyamoto R, Nodera H, Pedace L, Orlacchio A, Izumi Y, Takahashi R, Kaji R. Late-onset spastic paraplegia type 10 (SPG10) family presenting with bulbar symptoms and fasciculations mimicking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2016; 364:45-9. [PMID: 27084214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in the KIF5A-SPG10 gene, encoding the kinesin HC5A, can be associated with autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP). It accounts for about 10% of the complicated forms of ADHSP. Peripheral neuropathy, distal upper limb amyotrophy, and cognitive decline are the most common additional clinical features. We examined a 66-year-old Japanese woman manifesting gait disturbance and spastic dysarthria for 6years with positive family history. She showed evidence of upper and lower motor neuron involvement and fasciculations, thus mimicking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous variant in KIF5A (c.484C>T, p.Arg162Trp) in 2 symptomatic members. The mutation was also identified in 4 asymptomatic members, including 2 elderly members aged over 78years. Electromyography in the 2 symptomatic members revealed evidence of lower motor neuron involvement and fasciculation potentials in distal muscles. This report describes the first known Asian family with a KIF5A mutation and broadens the clinical and electrophysiological spectrum associated with KIF5A-SPG10 mutations. Given that our cases showed pseudobulbar palsy, fasciculation and altered penetrance, KIF5A-SPG10 might well be considered as a differential diagnosis of sporadic ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nodera
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC-IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC-IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
Hereditary and metabolic myelopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurologic disorders characterized by clinical signs suggesting spinal cord dysfunction. Spastic weakness, limb ataxia without additional cerebellar signs, impaired vibration, and positional sensation are hallmark phenotypic features of these disorders. Hereditary, and to some extent, metabolic myelopathies are now recognized as more widespread systemic processes with axonal loss and demyelination. However, the concept of predominantly spinal cord disorders remains clinically helpful to differentiate these disorders from other neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, metabolic myelopathies are potentially treatable and an earlier diagnosis increases the likelihood of a good clinical recovery. This chapter reviews major types of degenerative myelopathies, hereditary spastic paraplegia, motor neuron disorders, spastic ataxias, and metabolic disorders, including leukodystrophies and nutritionally induced myelopathies, such as vitamin B12, E, and copper deficiencies. Neuroimaging studies usually detect a nonspecific spinal cord atrophy or demyelination of the corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns. Brain imaging can be also helpful in myelopathies caused by generalized neurodegeneration. Given the nonspecific nature of neuroimaging findings, we also review metabolic or genetic assays needed for the specific diagnosis of hereditary and metabolic myelopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dusek P, Litwin T, Czlonkowska A. Wilson disease and other neurodegenerations with metal accumulations. Neurol Clin 2015; 33:175-204. [PMID: 25432729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements, such as iron, copper, manganese, and calcium, which are essential constituents necessary for cellular homeostasis, become toxic when present in excess quantities. In this article, we describe disorders arising from endogenous dysregulation of metal homeostasis leading to their tissue accumulation. Although subgroups of these diseases lead to regional brain metal accumulation, mostly in globus pallidus, which is susceptible to accumulate divalent metal ions, other subgroups cause systemic metal accumulation affecting the whole brain, liver, and other parenchymal organs. The latter group comprises Wilson disease, manganese transporter deficiency, and aceruloplasminemia and responds favorably to chelation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University in Prague, Kateřinská 30, Prague 128 21, Czech Republic; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medicine Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Street 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Tomasz Litwin
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, Warsaw 02-957, Poland
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, Warsaw 02-957, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Banacha 1b, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marelli C, Salih MA, Nguyen K, Mallaret M, Leboucq N, Hassan HH, Drouot N, Labauge P, Koenig M. Cerebral Iron Accumulation Is Not a Major Feature of FA2H/SPG35. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2015; 2:56-60. [PMID: 30713878 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the fatty-acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) gene cause an autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia (SPG35), often associating with cerebellar ataxia; cerebral MRI may show iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, leading to the inclusion of SPG35 among the causes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. This finding was initially considered strongly relevant for diagnosis, although its frequency is not yet established. We found 5 novel patients (from two families) with mutations in the FA2H gene: none of them showed cerebral iron accumulation (T2-weighted images performed in all; T2 gradient-echo in 2); notably, in 1 case, iron accumulation was absent even after 18 years from disease onset on both T2 gradient-echo and susceptibility-weight MRI sequences. Cerebral iron accumulation is not a prominent feature in SPG35 and is not always dependent on disease duration; its absence should not discourage from evoking this diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Gui de Chauliac Montpellier France
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Karine Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics University Hospital "Timone Enfants" Marseille France
| | - Martial Mallaret
- Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology INSERM U964 CNRS UMR7104 University of Strasbourg Illkirch France.,Department of Neurology Strasbourg University Hospital Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Leboucq
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Gui de Chauliac Montpellier France
| | - Hamdy H Hassan
- Department of Radiology King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology INSERM U964 CNRS UMR7104 University of Strasbourg Illkirch France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology University Hospital Gui de Chauliac Montpellier France
| | - Michel Koenig
- Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology INSERM U964 CNRS UMR7104 University of Strasbourg Illkirch France.,University Institute of Clinical Research INSERM UMR_S 827 and Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire University Hospital Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Astudillo L, Sabourdy F, Therville N, Bode H, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Hornemann T, Levade T. Human genetic disorders of sphingolipid biosynthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:65-76. [PMID: 25141825 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic defects of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently identified in human patients. These enzyme deficiencies affect the synthesis of sphingolipid precursors, ceramides or complex glycosphingolipids. They are transmitted as autosomal recessive or dominant traits, and their resulting phenotypes often replicate the abnormalities seen in murine models deficient for the corresponding enzymes. In quite good agreement with the known critical roles of sphingolipids in cells from the nervous system and the epidermis, these genetic defects clinically manifest as neurological disorders, including paraplegia, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies, or present with ichthyosis. The present review summarizes the genetic alterations, biochemical changes and clinical symptoms of this new group of inherited metabolic disorders. Hypotheses regarding the molecular pathophysiology and potential treatments of these diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Astudillo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Team n 4, CHU Rangueil, BP, 84225, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pensato V, Castellotti B, Gellera C, Pareyson D, Ciano C, Nanetti L, Salsano E, Piscosquito G, Sarto E, Eoli M, Moroni I, Soliveri P, Lamperti E, Chiapparini L, Di Bella D, Taroni F, Mariotti C. Overlapping phenotypes in complex spastic paraplegias SPG11, SPG15, SPG35 and SPG48. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1907-20. [PMID: 24833714 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, clinically classified in pure and complex forms. Genetically, more than 70 different forms of spastic paraplegias have been characterized. A subgroup of complicate recessive forms has been distinguished for the presence of thin corpus callosum and white matter lesions at brain imaging. This group includes several genetic entities, but most of the cases are caused by mutations in the KIAA1840 (SPG11) and ZFYVE26 genes (SPG15). We studied a cohort of 61 consecutive patients with complicated spastic paraplegias, presenting at least one of the following features: mental retardation, thin corpus callosum and/or white matter lesions. DNA samples were screened for mutations in the SPG11/KIAA1840, SPG15/ZFYVE26, SPG21/ACP33, SPG35/FA2H, SPG48/AP5Z1 and SPG54/DDHD2 genes by direct sequencing. Sequence variants were found in 30 of 61 cases: 16 patients carried SPG11/KIAA1840 gene variants (26.2%), nine patients carried SPG15/ZFYVE26 variants (14.8%), three patients SPG35/FA2H (5%), and two patients carried SPG48/AP5Z1 gene variants (3%). Mean age at onset was similar in patients with SPG11 and with SPG15 (range 11-36), and the phenotype was mostly indistinguishable. Extrapyramidal signs were observed only in patients with SPG15, and epilepsy in three subjects with SPG11. Motor axonal neuropathy was found in 60% of cases with SPG11 and 70% of cases with SPG15. Subjects with SPG35 had intellectual impairment, spastic paraplegia, thin corpus callosum, white matter hyperintensities, and cerebellar atrophy. Two families had a late-onset presentation, and none had signs of brain iron accumulation. The patients with SPG48 were a 5-year-old child, homozygous for a missense SPG48/AP5Z1 variant, and a 51-year-old female, carrying two different nonsense variants. Both patients had intellectual deficits, thin corpus callosum and white matter lesions. None of the cases in our cohort carried mutations in the SPG21/ACP33 and SPG54/DDH2H genes. Our study confirms that the phenotype of patients with SPG11 and with SPG15 is homogeneous, whereas cases with SPG35 and with SPG48 cases present overlapping features, and a broader clinical spectrum. The large group of non-diagnosed subjects (51%) suggests further genetic heterogeneity. The observation of common clinical features in association with defects in different causative genes, suggest a general vulnerability of the corticospinal tract axons to a wide spectrum of cellular alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Pensato
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Castellotti
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- 2 Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciano
- 3 Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Salsano
- 2 Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piscosquito
- 2 Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sarto
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Eoli
- 4 Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- 5 Paediatric Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Soliveri
- 6 Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lamperti
- 7 Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- 8 Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Bella
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- 1 Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Noreau A, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Molecular aspects of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:18-26. [PMID: 24631291 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive lower limbs spasticity and weakness. What was first thought to be a small group of rare Mendelian disorder has now become a large group that includes many complex syndromes. While large families with defined modes of inheritance were used for the initial HSP gene discovery, new sequencing technologies have recently allowed the study of small families, with the identification of many new disease causative genes. These discoveries are slowly leading to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSP with the identification of precise disease pathways. These insights may lead to new therapeutic strategies for what is a group of largely untreatable diseases. This review looks at the key players involved in HSP and where they act in their specific pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Noreau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scheid I, Maruani A, Huguet G, Leblond CS, Nygren G, Anckarsäter H, Beggiato A, Rastam M, Amsellem F, Gillberg IC, Elmaleh M, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Betancur C, Coleman M, Hama H, Cook EH, Bourgeron T, Delorme R. Heterozygous FA2H mutations in autism spectrum disorders. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:124. [PMID: 24299421 PMCID: PMC4219428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread abnormalities in white matter development are frequently reported in cases of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and could be involved in the disconnectivity suggested in these disorders. Homozygous mutations in the gene coding for fatty-acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H), an enzyme involved in myelin synthesis, are associated with complex leukodystrophies, but little is known about the functional impact of heterozygous FA2H mutations. We hypothesized that rare deleterious heterozygous mutations of FA2H might constitute risk factors for ASD. METHODS We searched deleterious mutations affecting FA2H, by genotyping 1256 independent patients with ASD genotyped using Genome Wide SNP arrays, and also by sequencing in independent set of 186 subjects with ASD and 353 controls. We then explored the impact of the identified mutations by measuring FA2H enzymatic activity and expression, in transfected COS7 cells. RESULTS One heterozygous deletion within 16q22.3-q23.1 including FA2H was observed in two siblings who share symptoms of autism and severe cognitive impairment, axial T2-FLAIR weighted MRI posterior periventricular white matter lesions. Also, two rare non-synonymous mutations (R113W and R113Q) were reported. Although predictive models suggested that R113W should be a deleterious, we did not find that FA2H activity was affected by expression of the R113W mutation in cultured COS cells. CONCLUSIONS While our results do not support a major role for FA2H coding variants in ASD, a screening of other genes related to myelin synthesis would allow us to better understand the role of non-neuronal elements in ASD susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Scheid
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Anita Beggiato
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- Fondation FondaMental, French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fréderique Amsellem
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
- INSERM U955, Psychiatry Genetics, Créteil, France
| | - I Carina Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Monique Elmaleh
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital Paediatric Imaging, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France
- INSERM U955, Psychiatry Genetics, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM U952, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7224, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Mary Coleman
- Foundation for Autism Research, Sarasota, Florida 34235-7117, USA
| | - Hiroko Hama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin H Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2182, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kota V, Hama H. 2'-Hydroxy ceramide in membrane homeostasis and cell signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 54:223-30. [PMID: 24139861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a precursor of complex sphingolipids and also plays important roles in cell signaling. With the advances in lipid analytical technologies, the structural diversity of ceramide species have become evident, and the complexity of cellular metabolism and function associated with distinct ceramide species is beginning to be revealed. One of the common structural variations of ceramide is 2'-hydroxylation of the N-acyl chain. Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is one of the enzymes that introduce the hydroxyl group during de novo synthesis of ceramide. FA2H is essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system, as evidenced by demyelinating disorder associated with FA2H mutations in humans and mice. Studies of Fa2h mutant mice indicate that lack of 2'-hydroxy galactosylceramide in the myelin membrane results in loss of long-term stability of myelin and eventual demyelination. FA2H also regulates differentiation of various cell types (epidermal keratinocytes, schwannoma cells, adipocytes). When provided exogenously, ceramide induces apoptosis in many cell types. Interestingly, the effective concentration of 2'-hydroxy ceramide that induces apoptosis is significantly lower compared to non-hydroxy ceramide, and cells die much more rapidly, suggesting that 2'-hydroxy ceramide can mediate proapoptotic signaling distinct from non-hydroxy ceramide. Collectively, current evidence clearly shows that 2'-hydroxy ceramide and 2'-hydroxy complex sphingolipids have unique functions in membrane homeostasis and cell signaling that could not be substituted by non-hydroxy counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hiroko Hama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|