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Bonkhoff AK, Ullberg T, Bretzner M, Hong S, Schirmer MD, Regenhardt RW, Donahue KL, Nardin MJ, Dalca AV, Giese AK, Etherton MR, Hancock BL, Mocking SJT, McIntosh EC, Attia J, Cole JW, Donatti A, Griessenauer CJ, Heitsch L, Holmegaard L, Jood K, Jimenez-Conde J, Kittner SJ, Lemmens R, Levi CR, McDonough CW, Meschia JF, Phuah CL, Ropele S, Rosand J, Roquer J, Rundek T, Sacco RL, Schmidt R, Sharma P, Slowik A, Sousa A, Stanne TM, Strbian D, Tatlisumak T, Thijs V, Vagal A, Woo D, Zand R, McArdle PF, Worrall BB, Jern C, Lindgren AG, Maguire J, Wu O, Frid P, Rost NS, Wasselius J. Deep profiling of multiple ischemic lesions in a large, multi-center cohort: Frequency, spatial distribution, and associations to clinical characteristics. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:994458. [PMID: 36090258 PMCID: PMC9453031 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.994458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background purpose A substantial number of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) experience multiple acute lesions (MAL). We here aimed to scrutinize MAL in a large radiologically deep-phenotyped cohort. Materials and methods Analyses relied upon imaging and clinical data from the international MRI-GENIE study. Imaging data comprised both Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) for white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden estimation and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences for the assessment of acute stroke lesions. The initial step featured the systematic evaluation of occurrences of MAL within one and several vascular supply territories. Associations between MAL and important imaging and clinical characteristics were subsequently determined. The interaction effect between single and multiple lesion status and lesion volume was estimated by means of Bayesian hierarchical regression modeling for both stroke severity and functional outcome. Results We analyzed 2,466 patients (age = 63.4 ± 14.8, 39% women), 49.7% of which presented with a single lesion. Another 37.4% experienced MAL in a single vascular territory, while 12.9% featured lesions in multiple vascular territories. Within most territories, MAL occurred as frequently as single lesions (ratio ∼1:1). Only the brainstem region comprised fewer patients with MAL (ratio 1:4). Patients with MAL presented with a significantly higher lesion volume and acute NIHSS (7.7 vs. 1.7 ml and 4 vs. 3, p FDR < 0.001). In contrast, patients with a single lesion were characterized by a significantly higher WMH burden (6.1 vs. 5.3 ml, p FDR = 0.048). Functional outcome did not differ significantly between patients with single versus multiple lesions. Bayesian analyses suggested that the association between lesion volume and stroke severity between single and multiple lesions was the same in case of anterior circulation stroke. In case of posterior circulation stroke, lesion volume was linked to a higher NIHSS only among those with MAL. Conclusion Multiple lesions, especially those within one vascular territory, occurred more frequently than previously reported. Overall, multiple lesions were distinctly linked to a higher acute stroke severity, a higher total DWI lesion volume and a lower WMH lesion volume. In posterior circulation stroke, lesion volume was linked to a higher stroke severity in multiple lesions only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Bonkhoff
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Teresa Ullberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Bretzner
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- U1171 – LilNCog (JPARC) – Lille Neurosciences Cognition and University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sungmin Hong
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Markus D. Schirmer
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert W. Regenhardt
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathleen L. Donahue
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marco J. Nardin
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adrian V. Dalca
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Anne-Katrin Giese
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark R. Etherton
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brandon L. Hancock
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Steven J. T. Mocking
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Elissa C. McIntosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - John W. Cole
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amanda Donatti
- School of Medical Sciences, The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Christoph J. Griessenauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Laura Heitsch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lukas Holmegaard
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group (NEUVAS), IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven J. Kittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience, Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Vesalius Research Center (VIB), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher R. Levi
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - James F. Meschia
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chia-Ling Phuah
- Department of Neurology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stefan Ropele
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group (NEUVAS), IMIM-Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, St Peter’s, Ashford Hospitals, Royal Holloway University of London (ICR2UL), Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alessandro Sousa
- School of Medical Sciences, The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tara M. Stanne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Division of Stroke, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Achala Vagal
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Patrick F. McArdle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bradford B. Worrall
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christina Jern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arne G. Lindgren
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jane Maguire
- University of Technology, Faculty of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ona Wu
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Petrea Frid
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Natalia S. Rost
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Johan Wasselius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Hoshino T, Uchiyama S, Wong LKS, Kitagawa K, Charles H, Labreuche J, Lavallée PC, Albers GW, Caplan LR, Donnan GA, Ferro JM, Hennerici MG, Molina C, Rothwell PM, Steg PG, Touboul PJ, Vicaut É, Amarenco P. Five-Year Prognosis After TIA or Minor Ischemic Stroke in Asian and Non-Asian Populations. Neurology 2020; 96:e54-e66. [PMID: 33046613 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine long-term vascular outcomes of Asian patients who experienced TIA or minor ischemic stroke and to compare the outcomes of Asian patients with those of non-Asian patients, in the context of modern guideline-based prevention strategies. METHODS This is a subanalysis of the TIAregistry.org project, in which 3,847 patients (882 from Asian and 2,965 from non-Asian countries) with a recent TIA or minor ischemic stroke were assessed and treated by specialists at 42 dedicated units from 14 countries and followed for 5 years. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS No differences were observed in the 5-year risk of the primary outcome (14.0% vs 11.7%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.37; p = 0.41) and stroke (10.7% vs 8.5%; HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.90-1.51; p = 0.24) between Asian and non-Asian patients. Asian participants were at higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage (1.8% vs 0.8%; HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.09-4.57; p = 0.029). Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of multiple acute infarctions on initial brain imaging was an independent predictor of primary outcome and modified Rankin Scale score of >1 in both Asian (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.11-3.29; p = 0.020) and non-Asian (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02-1.90; p = 0.037) patients. CONCLUSION The long-term risk of vascular events in Asian patients was as low as that in non-Asian patients, while Asian participants had a 2.2-fold higher intracranial hemorrhage risk. Multiple acute infarctions were independently associated with future disability in both groups. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that among people who experienced TIA or minor stroke, Asian patients have a similar 5-year risk of cardiovascular death, stroke, and acute coronary syndrome as non-Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hoshino
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Shinichiro Uchiyama
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lawrence K S Wong
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Charles
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Labreuche
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippa C Lavallée
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gregory W Albers
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Louis R Caplan
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - José M Ferro
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Michael G Hennerici
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Molina
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - P Gabriel Steg
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Touboul
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Éric Vicaut
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Amarenco
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (T.H., H.C., J.L., P.C.L., P.-J.T., P.A.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP and INSERM LVTS-U1148, DHU FIRE, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France; Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels (S.U.), Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (L.K.S.W.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital; Department of Neurology (T.H., K.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Université Lille (J.L.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Équipe d'Accueil 2694-Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France; Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; Cerebrovascular Disease Service (L.R.C.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Melbourne Brain Centre (G.A.D.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurosciences (J.M.F.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.G.H.), Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology (C.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Stroke Prevention Research Unit (P.M.R.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology (P.G.S.), Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College (P.G.S.), Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics (É.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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