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Zhang T, Luo X, Jing L, Mo C, Guo H, Yang S, Wang Y, Zhao K, Lai Y, Liu Y. Toosendanin inhibits T-cell proliferation through the P38 MAPK signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176562. [PMID: 38588767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, immunosuppressants have shown significant success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop additional immunosuppressants that offer more options for patients. Toosendanin has been shown to have immunosuppressive activity in vitro as well as effects on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in vivo. Toosendanin did not induce apoptosis in activated T-cells and affect the survival rate of naive T-cells. Toosendanin did not affect the expression of CD25 or secretion of IL-2 by activated T-cells, and not affect the expression of IL-4 and INF-γ. Toosendanin did not affect the phosphorylation of STAT5, ERK, AKT, P70S6K. However, toosendanin inhibited proliferation of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs-activated T-cells with IC50 of (10 ± 2.02) nM. Toosendanin arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-17A secretion, promoted IL-10 expression, and inhibited the P38 MAPK pathway. Finally, toosendanin significantly alleviated ConA-induced AIH in mice. In Summary, toosendanin exhibited immunosuppressive activity in vivo and in vitro. Toosendanin inhibits the proliferation of activated T-cells through the P38 MAPK signalling pathway, significantly suppresses the expression of inflammatory factors, enhances the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, and effectively alleviates ConA-induced AIH in mice, suggesting that toosendanin may be a lead compound for the development of novel immunomodulatory agents with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyan Luo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Guo
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Yang
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantang Wang
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yang J, Zhang S, Wu Q, Chen P, Dai Y, Long J, Wu Y, Lin Y. T cell-mediated skin-brain axis: Bridging the gap between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103176. [PMID: 38364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and other mental disorders. Psychological disorders may also play a role in the development and progression of psoriasis. The intricate interplay between the skin diseases and the psychiatric comorbidities is mediated by the 'skin-brain axis'. Understanding the mechanisms underlying psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities can help improve the efficacy of treatment by breaking the vicious cycle of diseases. T cells and related cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psychiatric diseases, and are crucial components of the 'skin-brain axis'. Apart from damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly, T cells and secreted cytokines could interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to exacerbate skin diseases or mental disorders. However, few reviews have systematically summarized the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the interaction between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we discussed several key T cells and their roles in the 'skin-brain axis', with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the interplay between psoriasis and mental commodities, to provide data that might help develop effective strategies for the treatment of both psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qixuan Wu
- Mental Health Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktow, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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3
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Dittel LJ, Dittel BN, Brod SA. Ingested (oral) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) inhibits interleukin-17 in the central nervous system after adoptive transfer of T helper (Th)1/Th17 T cells in the mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurol Sci 2024; 456:122779. [PMID: 38070316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that resembles multiple sclerosis (MS) and provides a useful animal model for the evaluation of mechanisms of action for potential immunomodulatory therapies. We have previously shown that oral adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreased either interleukin (IL)-17 and/or interferon (IFN)γ in the CNS during EAE. OBJECTIVE We wanted to examine whether oral ACTH showed a preferential effect on Th17 as opposed to Th1 phenotypes. DESIGN/METHODS We therefore examined whether oral ACTH could inhibit EAE in the C57BL/6 (B6) mouse strain after adoptive transfer of equal quantities of Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) and Th1 (CD4+IFN-γ+) T cells generated after in vitro skewing. B6 mice were injected with a 1:1 ratio of Th1:Th17 T cells and were gavaged daily with control scrambled peptide (s-MSH) or 10 μg ACTH. RESULTS Ingested (oral) ACTH attenuated ongoing clinical EAE disease and decreased the frequencies of Th17 cells in the spleen and in the CNS, but not Th1. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there was preferential regulation of Th17 cells by oral ACTH compared to Th1 T cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon J Dittel
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, the Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Staley A Brod
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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4
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Shakya AK, Mallick B, Nandakumar KS. A Perspective on Oral Immunotherapeutic Tools and Strategies for Autoimmune Disorders. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1031. [PMID: 37376420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral immune tolerance is a physiological process to achieve tolerance against autoimmunity by oral ingestion of self-antigen(s) or other therapeutics. At the cellular level, oral tolerance suppresses autoimmune diseases by activating FoxP-positive and -negative regulatory T cells (Tregs) and/or causing clonal anergy or deletion of autoreactive T cells, affecting B cell tolerance. However, oral delivery of antigens/biologics is challenging due to their instability in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Several antigen/drug delivery tools and approaches, including micro/nanoparticles and transgenic plant-based delivery systems, have been explored to demonstrate oral immune tolerance for different autoimmune diseases successfully. However, despite the effectiveness, variation in results, dose optimization, and undesirable immune system activation are the limitations of the oral approach to further advancement. From this perspective, the current review discusses the oral tolerance phenomenon, cellular mechanisms, antigen delivery tools and strategies, and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buddhadev Mallick
- Department of Zoology, Raniganj Girls College, Bardhaman 713358, West Bengal, India
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation, and Sustainability, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
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5
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Xu X, He K, Hoffman RD, Ying Y, Tao N, Guo W, Shen J, Liu X, Li M, Yan M, Lv G, Gao J. Thymosin Beta 15 Alters the Spatial Development of Thymic Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223679. [PMID: 36429107 PMCID: PMC9688846 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is the most sensitive organ under various pathophysiological conditions, such as aging, starvation, and infection. As a key stromal cell for T cell development, it is well-known that thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play an important role in the thymus response to the external environment. Thymosin beta 15 (Tβ15) is a G-actin binding protein secreted by TECs, it plays an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of actin, angiogenesis, axonal formation, and wound healing, but the relationship between Tβ15 and TECs is not clear yet. Here, we show the impact of Tβ15 on the TEC's spatial development, as well as the T-cell differentiation and thymic output. As a result, TEC is the main effector cell of Tβ15 in the thymus. Tβ15 OX inhibits the chemotaxis of TECs to the medulla and subsequently blocks the positive selection of thymocytes from CD3+TCRβ+CD4+CD8+ double positive cells to CD3+TCRβ+CD4+CD8- single-positive (CD4SP) cells. Tβ15-knockdown accelerates the reticular differentiation of astral TECs and medullary TECs. Importantly, mice implanted with Tβ15-knockdown iTECs show high thymic output but low peripheral T cell maturity and activity. In a word, our results explain the role of Tβ15 on the differentiation and function of TECs and provide a new perspective for understanding the process of thymus development and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Robert D. Hoffman
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yo San University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90066, USA
| | - Yuyuan Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Nana Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wenqin Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiaman Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Meiya Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-571-86613601 (G.L.); +86-571-6613504 (J.G.)
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-571-86613601 (G.L.); +86-571-6613504 (J.G.)
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6
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Gaudioso G, Weil T, Marzorati G, Solovyev P, Bontempo L, Franciosi E, Bertoldi L, Pedrolli C, Tuohy KM, Fava F. Microbial and metabolic characterization of organic artisanal sauerkraut fermentation and study of gut health-promoting properties of sauerkraut brine. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:929738. [PMID: 36312966 PMCID: PMC9606823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.929738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sauerkraut is a traditionally fermented cabbage, and recent evidence suggests that it has beneficial properties for human health. In this work, a multi-disciplinary approach was employed to characterize the fermentation process and gut health-promoting properties of locally produced, organic sauerkraut from two distinct producers, SK1 and SK2. 16S rRNA metataxonomics showed that bacterial diversity gradually decreased as fermentation progressed. Differences in sauerkraut microbiota composition were observed between the two producers, especially at the start of fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dominated the microbiota after 35 days, with Lactiplantibacillus being the dominant genus in both sauerkraut products, together with Leuconostoc and Paucilactobacillus in SK1, and with Pediococcus, Levilactibacillus, and Leuconostoc in SK2. LAB reached between 7 and 8 Log CFU/mL brine at the end of fermentation (35 days), while pH lowering happened within the first week of fermentation. A total of 220 LAB strains, corresponding to 133 RAPD-PCR biotypes, were successfully isolated. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus accounted for 67% of all SK1 isolates, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum/paraplantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides represented 72% of all the isolates from SK2. 1H-NMR analysis revealed significant changes in microbial metabolite profiles during the fermentation process, with lactic and acetic acids, as well as amino acids, amines, and uracil, being the dominant metabolites quantified. Sauerkraut brine did not affect trans-epithelial electrical resistance through a Caco-2 cell monolayer as a measure of gut barrier function. However, significant modulation of inflammatory response after LPS stimulation was observed in PBMCs-Caco-2 co-culture. Sauerkraut brine supported a robust inflammatory response to endotoxin, by increasing TNF-α and IL-6 production while also stimulating the anti-inflammatory IL-10, therefore suggesting positive resolution of inflammation after 24 h and supporting the potential of sauerkraut brine to regulate intestinal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gaudioso
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO) – Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tobias Weil
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giulia Marzorati
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pavel Solovyev
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Elena Franciosi
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertoldi
- Organic Agriculture Unit, Environmental Department, Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Carlo Pedrolli
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition Department, S. Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Kieran Michael Tuohy
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Fava
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Fava
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7
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Zhao J, Jiang L, Uehara M, Banouni N, Al Dulaijan BS, Azzi J, Ichimura T, Li X, Jarolim P, Fiorina P, Tullius SG, Madsen JC, Kasinath V, Abdi R. ACTH treatment promotes murine cardiac allograft acceptance. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e143385. [PMID: 34236047 PMCID: PMC8410061 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation is the optimal therapy for patients with end-stage heart disease, but its long-term outcome remains inadequate. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in inflammation, but how MCRs regulate the balance between alloreactive T cells and Tregs, and whether they impact chronic heart transplant rejection, is unknown. Here, we found that Tregs express MC2R, and MC2R expression was highest among all MCRs by Tregs. Our data indicate that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the sole ligand for MC2R, promoted the formation of Tregs by increasing the expression of IL-2Rα (CD25) in CD4+ T cells and activation of STAT5 in CD4+CD25+ T cells. ACTH treatment also improved the survival of heart allografts and increased the formation of Tregs in CD28KO mice. ACTH treatment synergized with the tolerogenic effect of CTLA-4–Ig, resulting in long-term survival of heart allografts and an increase in intragraft Tregs. ACTH administration also demonstrated higher prolongation of heart allograft survival in transgenic mouse recipients with both complete KO and conditional KO of PI3Kγ in T cells. Finally, ACTH treatment reduced chronic rejection markedly. These data demonstrate that ACTH treatment improved heart transplant outcomes, and this effect correlated with an increase in Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | | | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | | | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, and.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
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8
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Ghareghani M, Ghanbari A, Eid A, Shaito A, Mohamed W, Mondello S, Zibara K. Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:164-189. [PMID: 34046214 PMCID: PMC8134801 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Eid
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences – I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Niculet E, Chioncel V, Elisei AM, Miulescu M, Buzia OD, Nwabudike LC, Craescu M, Draganescu M, Bujoreanu F, Marinescu E, Arbune M, Radaschin DS, Bobeica C, Nechita A, Tatu AL. Multifactorial expression of IL-6 with update on COVID-19 and the therapeutic strategies of its blockade (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:263. [PMID: 33603870 PMCID: PMC7851683 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a cytokine produced by various cells of the human body (macrophages, lymphocytes, astrocytes, ischemic myocytes, endothelial cells) has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties, being a key component in regulating various physiologic and pathological processes. The structure of this molecule and the receptor system it possesses are important due to the different activities that IL-6 can exert; through trans-signaling pro-inflammatory activities are mediated, while through classic signaling, IL-6 is responsible for anti-inflammatory and regenerative activities. IL-6 signaling is involved in coronary artery disease and the global COVID-19 pandemic. This proatherogenic cytokine reaches elevated serum levels in the cytokine storm generated by SARS-CoV-2, and is also associated with smoking or obesity-classic cardiovascular risk factors which promote inflammatory states. IL-6 levels are proportionally correlated with dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose dysregulation, and they are associated with poor outcomes in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. IL-6 targeting for treatment development (not only) in cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 is still a matter of ongoing research, although tocilizumab has proven to be effective in reducing the proatherogenic effects of IL-6 and is suggested to improve COVID-19 patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Valentin Chioncel
- Cardio-Thoracic Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Clinical Cardiology Department, 'Bagdasar Arseni' Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina M Elisei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Magdalena Miulescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Olimpia D Buzia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Lawrence C Nwabudike
- Department of Diabetic Foot Care, 'Prof. N. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Craescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Miruna Draganescu
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Florin Bujoreanu
- Department of Dermatology, 'Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva' Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Marinescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Manuela Arbune
- Centre of Medical-Pharmaceutical Research, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Diana Sabina Radaschin
- Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Carmen Bobeica
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Pediatrics, 'Sf. Ioan' Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin L Tatu
- Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800010 Galati, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva' Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota maybe exacerbate orf pathology by promoting inflammatory immune responses. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108884. [PMID: 33086176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Orf is a contagious disease caused by the epitheliotropic orf virus (ORFV) that mainly affects goats and sheep. Orf occurs worldwide and can cause great losses to livestock production. Mounting evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in shaping the immune responses of the host and thus affecting the infection process of a wide range of pathogens. However, it is unclear whether gut microbiota plays a role during orf development. In this study, we exploited asymptomatic ORFV-carrier goats to explore the potential effects of gut microbiota on orf pathogenesis. The results showed that antibiotics-induced gut microbiota disruption significantly aggravated orf, as indicated by the greater disease severity and higher percentage of animals manifesting clinical orf symptoms. Further analysis suggested IL-17-induced excessive neutrophil accumulation in the diseased lips was potentially responsible for the tissue pathology. In addition, skin γδT cells may be an important source of IL-17. In conclusion, our study showed that the gut microbiota of ORFV-carrier goats plays a central role in controlling inflammatory pathology during ORFV infection, partly through suppressing IL-17-mediated local proinflammatory immune responses. This finding can provide help for elucidating the pathogenesis of orf and also suggests an efficient strategy to minimize the inflammatory pathology by maintaining a healthy gut microbiota during orf development.
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