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López de Las Hazas MC, Del Saz-Lara A, Cedó L, Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Chapado LA, Macià A, Visioli F, Escola-Gil JC, Dávalos A. Hydroxytyrosol Induces Dyslipidemia in an ApoB100 Humanized Mouse Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300508. [PMID: 37933702 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Extra virgin olive oil has numerous cardiopreventive effects, largely due to its high content of (poly)phenols such as hydroxytyrosol (HT). However, some animal studies suggest that its excessive consumption may alter systemic lipoprotein metabolism. Because human lipoprotein metabolism differs from that of rodents, this study examines the effects of HT in a humanized mouse model that approximates human lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are treated as follows: control diet or diet enriched with HT. Serum lipids and lipoproteins are determined after 4 and 8 weeks. We also analyzed the regulation of various genes and miRNA by HT, using microarrays and bioinformatic analysis. An increase in body weight is found after supplementation with HT, although food intake was similar in both groups. In addition, HT induced the accumulation of triacylglycerols but not cholesterol in different tissues. Systemic dyslipidemia after HT supplementation and impaired glucose metabolism are observed. Finally, HT modulates the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, such as Pltp or Lpl. CONCLUSION HT supplementation induces systemic dyslipidemia and impaired glucose metabolism in humanized mice. Although the numerous health-promoting effects of HT far outweigh these potential adverse effects, further carefully conducted studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea Del Saz-Lara
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, 16171, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, 43005, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Luis A Chapado
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Joan C Escola-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Protective Effect of Olive Oil Microconstituents in Atherosclerosis: Emphasis on PAF Implicated Atherosclerosis Theory. Biomolecules 2023; 13:700. [PMID: 37189447 PMCID: PMC10135796 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular multifactorial process. The mechanisms underlining the initiating event of atheromatous plaque formation are inflammation and oxidation. Among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diet and especially the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been widely recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Olive oil (OO), the main source of the fatty components of the MedDiet is superior to the other "Mono-unsaturated fatty acids containing oils" due to the existence of specific microconstituents. In this review, the effects of OO microconstituents in atherosclerosis, based on data from in vitro and in vivo studies with special attention on their inhibitory activity against PAF (Platelet-Activating Factor) actions, are presented and critically discussed. In conclusion, we propose that the anti-atherogenic effect of OO is attributed to the synergistic action of its microconstituents, mainly polar lipids that act as PAF inhibitors, specific polyphenols and α-tocopherol that also exert anti-PAF activity. This beneficial effect, also mediated through anti-PAF action, can occur from microconstituents extracted from olive pomace, a toxic by-product of the OO production process that constitutes a significant ecological problem. Daily intake of moderate amounts of OO consumed in the context of a balanced diet is significant for healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A. Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
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3
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Martínez-Beamonte R, Ripalda M, Herrero-Continente T, Barranquero C, Dávalos A, López de las Hazas MC, Álvarez-Lanzarote I, Sánchez-Gimeno AC, Raso J, Arnal C, Surra JC, Osada J, Navarro MA. Pulsed electric field increases the extraction yield of extra virgin olive oil without loss of its biological properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1065543. [PMID: 36483924 PMCID: PMC9722962 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1065543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulsed electric field (PEF) has been used for improving extraction of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). However, the biological changes induced by the consumption of pulsed electric field-obtained extra virgin olive oil (PEFEVOO) have not been studied yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS EVOO oils from Empeltre variety were prepared by standard (STD) cold pressure method involving crushing of the olives, malaxation and decanting and by this procedure including an additional step of PEF treatment. Chemical analyses of EVOO oils were done. Male and female Apoe-deficient mice received diets differing in both EVOOs for 12 weeks, and their plasma, aortas and livers were analyzed. RESULTS PEF application resulted in a 17% increase in the oil yield and minimal changes in chemical composition regarding phytosterols, phenolic compounds and microRNA. Only in females mice consuming PEF EVOO, a decreased plasma total cholesterol was observed, without significant changes in atherosclerosis and liver steatosis. CONCLUSION PEF technology applied to EVOO extraction maintains the EVOO quality and improves the oil yield. The equivalent biological effects in atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease of PEF-obtained EVOO further support its safe use as a food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Ripalda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tania Herrero-Continente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Álvarez-Lanzarote
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Sánchez-Gimeno
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Raso
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín C. Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Crespo MC, López de Las Hazas MC, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Olive oil consumption and its repercussions on lipid metabolism. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:952-968. [PMID: 32299100 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of highly processed foods, such as those high in trans fats and free sugars, coupled with sedentarism and chronic stress increases the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, while adherence to a Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the prevalence of such diseases. Olive oil is the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. Data accumulated thus far show consumption of extra virgin, (poly)phenol-rich olive oil to be associated with specific health benefits. Of note, recommendations for consumption based on health claims refer to the phenolic content of extra virgin olive oil as beneficial. However, even though foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, are healthier than foods rich in saturated and trans fats, their inordinate use can lead to adverse effects on health. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on olive oil consumption worldwide and to critically examine the literature on the potential adverse effects of olive oil and its main components, particularly any effects on lipid metabolism. As demonstrated by substantial evidence, extra virgin olive oil is healthful and should be preferentially used within the context of a balanced diet, but excessive consumption may lead to adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Dietary Erythrodiol Modifies Hepatic Transcriptome in Mice in a Sex and Dose-Dependent Way. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197331. [PMID: 33020388 PMCID: PMC7582860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrodiol is a terpenic compound found in a large number of plants. To test the hypotheses that its long-term administration may influence hepatic transcriptome and this could be influenced by the presence of APOA1-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDL), Western diets containing 0.01% of erythrodiol (10 mg/kg dose) were provided to Apoe- and Apoa1-deficient mice. Hepatic RNA-sequencing was carried out in male Apoe-deficient mice fed purified Western diets differing in the erythrodiol content. The administration of this compound significantly up- regulated 68 and down-regulated 124 genes at the level of 2-fold change. These genes belonged to detoxification processes, protein metabolism and nucleic acid related metabolites. Gene expression changes of 21 selected transcripts were verified by RT-qPCR. Ccl19-ps2, Cyp2b10, Rbm14-rbm4, Sec61g, Tmem81, Prtn3, Amy2a5, Cyp2b9 and Mup1 showed significant changes by erythrodiol administration. When Cyp2b10, Dmbt1, Cyp2b13, Prtn3 and Cyp2b9 were analyzed in female Apoe-deficient mice, no change was observed. Likewise, no significant variation was observed in Apoa1- or in Apoe-deficient mice receiving doses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg/kg erythrodiol. Our results give evidence that erythrodiol exerts a hepatic transcriptional role, but this is selective in terms of sex and requires a threshold dose. Furthermore, it requires an APOA1-containing HDL.
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6
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Maslinic acid suppresses macrophage foam cells formation: Regulation of monocyte recruitment and macrophage lipids homeostasis. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 128-129:106675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Harari A, Leikin Frenkel A, Barshack I, Sagee A, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Harats D, Kandel Kfir M, Shaish A. Addition of fish oil to atherogenic high fat diet inhibited atherogenesis while olive oil did not, in LDL receptor KO mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:709-716. [PMID: 32007335 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both fish and olive oil are key components of this diet. Therefore, we compared their effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherogenesis in a mouse model, fed a high fat diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty nine, female LDL receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice were allocated into 3 groups and fed an atherogenic high fat (HF) diet for 9 weeks. The HF group was fed a high fat diet alone. A HF + OO group was fed a HF diet with added olive oil (60 ml/kg feed), and the third group (HF + FO) was fed a HF diet with added fish oil (60 ml/kg feed). Both additions of fish and olive oil, significantly decreased plasma cholesterol elevation compared to HF diet. Nevertheless, only fish oil addition reduced significantly atherosclerotic lesion area by 51% compared to HF group. Liver levels of eicosapentenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were several folds higher in HF + FO group than in HF and HF + OO groups. Liver levels of oleic acid were higher in HF + OO compared to the other groups. Moreover, Fish oil addition significantly decreased NAFLD scores related to steatosis and inflammation and lowered the expression of the inflammatory genes interleukin 6 (IL6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). CONCLUSION These results suggest that fish oil addition on top of an atherogenic, HF diet, is beneficial, while olive oil is not, in its effect on plaque formation and NAFLD in LDLR KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Alicia Leikin Frenkel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aviv Sagee
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
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8
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Abstract
Olive-pomace oil is rich in oleic acid, and thus it can be an interesting dietary fat alternative as it can allow reaching the recommendation of consuming 20% of total diet energy in the form of monounsaturated fatty acids. In addition, olive-pomace oil also contains a wide range of minor components that may contribute to its healthy properties. The major components identified with healthy properties are triterpenic dialcohols and acids, squalene, tocopherols, sterols, fatty alcohols and phenolic compounds. The refining process, that the crude pomace-oil must undergo for commercial purposes, significantly reduces the content of phenolic compounds, while the other minor components remain at concentrations which can induce positive health effects, especially on cardiovascular health, outstanding pentacyclic triterpenes and aliphatic fatty alcohols in olive-pomace oil. Numerous in vitro and preclinical studies support that mainly the pure compounds, or extracts isolated from plant sources, play an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Likewise, tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols, in addition to the minor fraction of phenolic compounds, have shown high biological activity with particular association to the cardiovascular function. In the light of the foregoing, and taking into consideration the absence of clinical studies with olive-pomace oil, it would be of great interest to develop randomized, crossover, controlled, double-blind studies to extend the knowledge and understanding on the health effects of olive-pomace olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarria
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Lombardo L, Grasso F, Lanciano F, Loria S, Monetti E. Broad-Spectrum Health Protection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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10
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Ganesan K, Sukalingam K, Xu B. Impact of consumption and cooking manners of vegetable oils on cardiovascular diseases- A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Baselga-Escudero L, Souza-Mello V, Pascual-Serrano A, Rachid T, Voci A, Demori I, Grasselli E. Beneficial effects of the Mediterranean spices and aromas on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Phenolic content of extra virgin olive oil is essential to restore endothelial dysfunction but not to prevent vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions of Apo E deficient mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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13
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Priore P, Cavallo A, Gnoni A, Damiano F, Gnoni GV, Siculella L. Modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by olive oil and its phenols in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:9-17. [PMID: 25631376 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease in western countries, being considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Cumulative lines of evidence suggest that olive oil, used as primary source of fat by Mediterranean populations, may play a key role in the observed health benefits on NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of the knowledge on the protective role of both major and minor components of olive oil on lipid metabolism during NAFLD. In particular, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the increase or decrease in hepatic lipid content are critically analyzed, taking into account that several studies have often provided different and/or conflicting results in animal models fed on olive oil-enriched diet. In addition, new findings that highlight the hypolipidemic and the antisteatotic actions of olive oil phenols are presented. As mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the targeting of these organelles with olive oil phenols as a powerful therapeutic approach is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Priore
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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14
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Structural, mechanical and myogenic properties of small mesenteric arteries from ApoE KO mice: Characterization and effects of virgin olive oil diets. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Sánchez J, Delgado-Adamez J, Franco MN, De Miguel C, Ramírez MR, Martín-Vertedor D. Comparative effect of high pressure processing and traditional thermal treatment on the physicochemical, microbiology, and sensory analysis of olive jam. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2013. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.023613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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In comparison with palm oil, dietary nut supplementation delays the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in female apoE-deficient mice. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:202-9. [PMID: 23302442 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200092x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the benefits of nut consumption on cardiovascular risk factors and CHD, attributed to their fatty acid profile, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and also to other nutrients. The effect of nuts on atherosclerotic lesions was studied in female and male apoE-knockout mice fed a diet supplemented with 3 % (w/w) mixed nuts (mix: almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts in a proportion of 0.25:0·25:0.50, respectively), and compared with mice receiving an isoenergetic diet of similar fat content provided as palm oil. After 12 weeks, plasma lipid parameters and aortic lesions were measured. Males receiving nuts had lower plasma cholesterol than the palm oil group, and both sex groups had lower plasma non-HDL-cholesterol and lower content of reactive oxygen species in LDL than mice receiving the palm oil diet, the latter decrease being more pronounced in females than in males. Females consuming the nut diet showed a smaller aortic lesion area than those consuming palm oil, whereas no differences were observed in males. In females, hepatic paraoxonase 2 (Pon2) mRNA increased, and no change was observed in prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (Pcyox1) expression after the consumption of the nut-containing diet. In addition, aortic atherosclerotic lesions correlated directly with total plasma cholesterol and inversely with hepatic Pon2 expression. The results suggest that the beneficial effect of nut intake in female apoE-deficient mice may be attributed to reduced non-HDL-cholesterol levels and enhanced PON2 antioxidant activity.
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Lou-Bonafonte JM, Arnal C, Navarro MA, Osada J. Efficacy of bioactive compounds from extra virgin olive oil to modulate atherosclerosis development. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1043-57. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Granados-Principal S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Ochoa-Herrera J, Perez-Lopez P, Pulido-Moran M, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Squalene ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions through the reduction of CD36 scavenger receptor expression in macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:733-40. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Granados-Principal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Jose L. Quiles
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | | | - Julio Ochoa-Herrera
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Patricia Perez-Lopez
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
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Rodriguez-Leyva D, Malik A, Tappia PS. Gender-related gene expression in response to dietary fatty acids and predisposition to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Buus NH, Hansson NC, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Stankevicius E, Andersen MR, Simonsen U. Antiatherogenic effects of oleanolic acid in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:519-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Comhair TM, Garcia Caraballo SC, Dejong CH, Lamers WH, Köhler SE. Dietary cholesterol, female gender and n-3 fatty acid deficiency are more important factors in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than the saturation index of the fat. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:4. [PMID: 21261989 PMCID: PMC3045875 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The central feature of NAFLD is a disturbed fatty-acid metabolism with hepatic lipid accumulation. However, the factors that determine the severity of NAFLD, including the role of nutrition, gender, and plasma lipid levels, remain to be determined. Methods High-fat diets (42 en% fat), containing 0.2% cholesterol, were fed to male and female wild-type and hyperlipidemic APOE2ki C57BL/6J mice for three weeks. The fats were, in order of decreasing saturation, fractionated palm fat (fPF; ~95%), cocoa butter (CB; ~60%), olive oil (OO; ~15%), sunflower oil (SO; ~12%), and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (hoSO; ~7%). Plasma and liver triglycerides (concentration and composition), liver inflammation (Ccl2, Cd68, Tnf-α mRNA), and infiltration of macrophages (Cd68, Cd11b immunohistochemistry) and neutrophils (Mpo) were quantified. Results Addition of cholesterol to a low-fat diet decreased plasma HDL and increased (V)LDL levels in APOE2ki mice. Plasma cholesterol levels in female, but not male APOE2ki mice correlated significantly with inflammation. Kupffer cells of inflamed livers were swollen. Wild-type mice refused the highly saturated fPF diet. The high-fat CB, OO, and SO diets induced hyperglycemia and a 2-fold increase in hepatic fat content in male, but not female wild-type mice (in females, hepatic fat content was similar to that in males fed a high-fat diet). All high-fat diets induced macrovesicular setatosis. APOE2ki mice were protected against high-fat diet-induced steatosis and hyperglycemia, except when fed a hoSO diet. This diet caused a 5-fold increase in liver triglyceride and mead-acid content, and an increased expression of lipogenic genes, suggesting a deficiency in poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Irrespective of the composition of the high-fat diet, oleic acid was the main triglyceride component of liver fat in wild-type and APOE2ki mouse livers. Liver inflammation was dependent on genotype (APOE2ki > wild type), gender (female > male), and cholesterol content (high > low) of the diet, but not on dietary fat composition. Conclusions Dietary cholesterol plays a determining, independent role in inflammation, especially in female mice. The fatty-acid saturation of the diet hardly affected hepatic steatosis or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine M Comhair
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia C Garcia Caraballo
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Hc Dejong
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Eleonore Köhler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Olive Oils Modulate Fatty Acid Content and Signaling Protein Expression in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Brain. Lipids 2009; 45:53-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Guillén N, Acín S, Navarro MA, Carlos Surra J, Arnal C, Manuel Lou-Bonafonte J, Muniesa P, Victoria Martínez-Gracia M, Osada J. Knowledge of the Biological Actions of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Gained From Mice Lacking Apolipoprotein E. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 62:294-304. [DOI: 10.1016/s1885-5857(09)71560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Guillén N, Acín S, Navarro MÁ, Carlos Surra J, Arnal C, Manuel Lou-Bonafonte J, Muniesa P, Victoria Martínez-Gracia M, Osada J. Conocimiento de la acción biológica del aceite de oliva virgen extra mediante el uso del ratón carente de la apolipoproteína E. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(09)70374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cornwell DG, Ma J. Nutritional benefit of olive oil: the biological effects of hydroxytyrosol and its arylating quinone adducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8774-8786. [PMID: 18783241 DOI: 10.1021/jf8015877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is the essential component of the Mediterranean diet, a nutritional regimen gaining ever-increasing renown for its beneficial effects on inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A unique characteristic of olive oil is its enrichment in oleuropein, a member of the secoiridoid family, which hydrolyzes to the catechol hydroxytyrosol and functions as a hydrophilic phenolic antioxidant that is oxidized to its catechol quinone during redox cycling. Little effort has been spent on exploring the biological properties of the catechol hydroxytyrosol quinone, a strong arylating electrophile that forms Michael adducts with thiol nucleophiles in glutathione and proteins. This study compares the chemical and biological characteristics of hydroxytyrosol with those of the tocopherol family in which Michael adducts of arylating desmethyltocopherol quinones have been identified and correlated with biologic properties including cytotoxicity and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is noted that hydroxytyrosol and desmethyltocopherols share many similarities, suggesting that Michael adduct formation by an arylating quinone electrophile may contribute to the biological properties of both families, including the unique nutritional benefit of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Cornwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Schwenke DC. Nutrition and metabolism: vitamin E to prevent cardiovascular disease: parts, partners, persons, processing, and patterns. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:538-40. [PMID: 18769236 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32830f4a7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martínez-González J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, González-Díez M, Rodríguez C, Herrera MD, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Badimon L. Oleanolic acid induces prostacyclin release in human vascular smooth muscle cells through a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism. J Nutr 2008; 138:443-8. [PMID: 18287347 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid that may contribute to the cardio-protective effects of olive oil. Our goal was to assess whether oleanolic acid could modulate eicosanoid biosynthesis and to determine the mechanism involved in this effect. Human coronary smooth muscle cells (SMC) were treated with oleanolic acid, erythrodiol, or hydroxytyrosol and eicosanoid release was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-1 and Cox-2 protein and messenger sRNA levels were analyzed by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were assessed using specific antibodies. Oleanolic acid induced prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) release by human coronary SMC, an effect that was prevented by celecoxib (a specific inhibitor of Cox-2). The increased PGI2 was time-and dose-dependent and was associated to the up-regulation of Cox-2. No effects were observed on thromboxane A2. Erythrodiol but not hydroxytyrosol upregulated Cox-2 expression and induced PGI2 synthesis. Oleanolic acid induced an early phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1). SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) and U0126 (MAPK kinase1/2 inhibitor) abrogated the upregulation of Cox-2 and PGI2 release induced by oleanolic acid. A peptide inhibitor of JNK-1 (L-JNKI1) did not produce any effect. The induction of Cox-2 was preceded by an early activation of cAMP regulatory element-binding protein, a key transcription factor involved in Cox-2 transcriptional upregulation. Therefore, oleanolic acid contributes to vascular homeostasis by inducing PGI2 release in a Cox-2-dependent manner. Oleanolic acid could be regarded as a bioactive molecule that may contribute to the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Coleman R, Almagor Y, Aviram M. Antiatherogenicity of extra virgin olive oil and its enrichment with green tea polyphenols in the atherosclerotic apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice: enhanced macrophage cholesterol efflux. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 19:514-523. [PMID: 17904345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The antiatherogenic properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) enriched with green tea polyphenols (GTPPs; hereafter called EVOO-GTPP), in comparison to EVOO, were studied in the atherosclerotic apolipoprotein-E-deficient (E0) mice. E0 mice (eight mice in each group) consumed EVOO or EVOO-GTPP (7 microl/mouse/day, for 2 months) by gavage feeding. The placebo group received only water. At the end of the study, blood samples, peritoneal macrophages and aortas were collected. Consumption of EVOO or EVOO-GTPP resulted in a minimal increase in serum total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (by 12%) and in serum paraoxonase 1 activity (by 6% and 10%). EVOO-GTPP (but not EVOO) decreased the susceptibility of the mouse serum to AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation (by 18%), as compared to the placebo-treated mice. The major effect of both EVOO and EVOO-GTPP consumption was on HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux. Consumption of EVOO stimulated cholesterol efflux rate from mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) by 42%, while EVOO-GTPP increased it by as much as 139%, as compared to MPMs from placebo-treated mice. Finally, the atherosclerotic lesion size of mice was significantly reduced by 11% or 20%, after consumption of EVOO or EVOO-GTPP, respectively. We thus conclude that EVOO possesses beneficial antiatherogenic effects, and its enrichment with GTPPs further improved these effects, leading to the attenuation of atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Raymond Coleman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Yaron Almagor
- Department of Cardiology, Shaarei Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 91031, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Arbonés-Mainar JM, Navarro MA, Carnicer R, Guillén N, Surra JC, Acín S, Guzmán MA, Sarría AJ, Arnal C, Aguilera MP, Jiménez A, Beltrán G, Uceda M, Osada J. Accelerated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed Western diets containing palm oil compared with extra virgin olive oils: a role for small, dense high-density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 2006; 194:372-82. [PMID: 17141784 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that extra virgin olive oils from different cultivars added to Western diets might behave differently than palm oil in the development of atherosclerosis, apoE-deficient mice were fed diets containing different cultivars of olive oil for 10 weeks. Female mice were assigned randomly to one of the following five groups: (1-4) fed chow diets supplemented with 0.15% (w/w) cholesterol and 20% (w/w) extra virgin olive oil from the Arbequina, Picual, Cornicabra, or Empeltre cultivars, and (5) fed a chow diet supplemented with 0.15% cholesterol and 20% palm oil. Compared to diets containing palm oil, a Western diet supplemented with one of several varieties of extra virgin olive oil decreased atherosclerosis lesions, reduced plaque size, and decreased macrophage recruitment. Unexpectedly, total plasma paraoxonase activity, apoA-I, plasma triglycerides, and cholesterol played minor roles in the regulation of differential aortic lesion development. Extra virgin olive oil induced a cholesterol-poor, apoA-IV-enriched lipoparticle that has enhanced arylesterase and antioxidant activities, which is closely associated with reductions in atherosclerotic lesions. Given the anti-atherogenic properties of extra virgin olive oil evident in animal models fed a Western diet, clinical trials are needed to establish whether these oils are a safe and effective means of treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Arbonés-Mainar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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