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Tian X, Guo J, Song Y, Yu Q, Liu C, Fu Z, Shi Y, Shao Y, Yuan Z. Intraspecific differentiation of Lindera obtusiloba as revealed by comparative plastomic and evolutionary analyses. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11119. [PMID: 38469045 PMCID: PMC10927362 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba Blume is the northernmost tree species in the family Lauraceae, and it is a key species in understanding the evolutionary history of this family. The species of L. obtusiloba in East Asia has diverged into the Northern and Southern populations, which are geographically separated by an arid belt. Though the morphological differences between populations have been observed and well documented, intraspecific variations at the plastomic level have not been systematically investigated to date. Here, ten chloroplast genomes of L. obtusiloba individuals were sequenced and analyzed along with three publicly available plastomes. Comparative plastomic analysis suggests that both the Northern and the Southern populations share similar overall structure, gene order, and GC content in their plastomes although the size of the plasome and the level of intraspecific variability do vary between the two populations. The Northern have relatively larger plastomes while the Southern population possesses higher intraspecific variability, which could be attributed to the complexity of the geological environments in the South. Phylogenomic analyses also support the split of the Northern and Southern clades among L. obtusiloba individuals. However, there is no obvious species boundary between var. obtusiloba and var. heterophylla in the Southern population, indicating that gene flow could still occur between these two varieties, and this could be used as a good example of reticulate evolution. It is also found that a few photosynthesis-related genes are under positive selection, which is mainly related to the geological and environmental differences between the Northern and the Southern regions. Our results provide a reference for phylogenetic analysis within species and suggest that phylogenomic analyses with a sufficient number of nuclear and chloroplast genomic target loci from widely distributed individuals could provide a deeper understanding of the population evolution of the widespread species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tian
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jia Guo
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education)Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River BasinGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Qunfei Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnanChina
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingYunnanChina
| | - Zhixi Fu
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuhua Shi
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yizhen Shao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhiliang Yuan
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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Ihm SH, Park SH, Lee JO, Kim OR, Park EH, Kim KR, Kim JH, Hwang BH, Youn HJ, Oak MH, Chang K. A Standardized Lindera obtusiloba Extract Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Attenuates Plaque Development in Hyperlipidemic ApoE-Knockout Mice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112493. [PMID: 34834858 PMCID: PMC8618780 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba extract (LOE), a traditional herbal medicine used to enhance blood circulation and to reduce inflammation, induced NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation, and reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study investigated whether LOE improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces plaque inflammation and progression by inhibiting ROS generation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed with a western diet (WD) were randomized into different groups by administering vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)), LOE (100 mg/kg/day), or losartan (30 mg/kg/day) by gavage until the age of 28 weeks. Fourteen male C57BL/6 mice that were fed normal chow and treated with CMC were used as negative controls. Similar to losartan treatment, LOE treatment induced the concentration-dependent relaxation of aorta rings in WD-fed apoE-/- mice. LOE treatment significantly reduced the vascular ROS formation and expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, including p22phox and p47phox. Compared with WD-fed apoE-/- mice, mice exposed to chronic LOE treatment exhibited reductions in plaque inflammation-related fluorescence signals and atherosclerotic lesions. These effects were greater than those of losartan treatment. In conclusion, LOE treatment improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces plaque inflammation as well as lesion areas by reducing vascular NADPH oxidase-induced ROS generation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Ihm
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sin-Hee Park
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jung-Ok Lee
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma, Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Korea; (J.-O.L.); (K.-R.K.)
| | - Ok-Ran Kim
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Park
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Rak Kim
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma, Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Korea; (J.-O.L.); (K.-R.K.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Research Center, YangJi Chemicals, Suwon 16229, Korea;
| | - Byung-Hee Hwang
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58554, Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Mitigating Effect of Lindera obtusiloba Blume Extract on Neuroinflammation in Microglial Cells and Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102870. [PMID: 34066108 PMCID: PMC8151320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba Blume (family, Lauraceae), native to Northeast Asia, has been used traditionally in the treatment of trauma and neuralgia. In this study, we investigated the neuroinflammatory effect of methanol extract of L. obtusiloba stem (LOS-ME) in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. LOS-ME downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Male C57/BL6 mice were orally administered 20 and 200 mg/kg of LOS-ME for one week, and 2 mg/kg of scopolamine was administered intraperitoneally on the 8th day. In vivo behavioral experiments (Y-maze and Morris water maze test) confirmed that LOS-ME alleviated cognitive impairments induced by scopolamine and the amount of iNOS expression decreased in the hippocampus of the mouse brain. Microglial hyper-activation was also reduced by LOS-ME pretreatment. These findings suggest that LOS-ME might have potential in the treatment for cognitive improvement by regulating neuroinflammation.
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Xu X, Chen W, Yu S, Lei Q, Han L, Ma W. Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide treatment in 3T3-L1 cultures. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Haque ME, Azam S, Balakrishnan R, Akther M, Kim IS. Therapeutic Potential of Lindera obtusiloba: Focus on Antioxidative and Pharmacological Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 33322185 PMCID: PMC7763160 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba (LO) BLUME from the genus Lindera (Lauraceae) is a medicinal herb traditionally used in Southeast Asian countries. Indigenously, extracts of different parts of the plant have been used to improve blood circulation and treat allergy, inflammation, rheumatism, and liver diseases. LO is a rich source of therapeutically beneficial antioxidative phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, butenolides, lignans and neolignans. Moreover, recent studies have unravelled the pharmacological properties of several newly found active constituents of LO, such as anti-inflammatory antioxidants (+)-syringaresinol, linderin A, anti-atherosclerotic antioxidant (+)-episesamin, anti-melanogenic antioxidants quercitrin and afzelin, cytotoxic 2-(1-methoxy-11-dodecenyl)-penta-2,4-dien-4-olide, (2Z,3S,4S)-2-(11-dodecenylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl butanolide, anti-allergic koaburaside, (6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-1-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and the antiplatelet-activity compound Secolincomolide A. These findings demonstrate that LO can be a potential source of antioxidants and other prospective therapeutically active constituents that can lead to the development of oxidative stress-mediated diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, allergies, inflammation, hepatotoxicity, and cancer. Here, the antioxidant properties of different species of Lindera genus are discussed briefly. The traditional use, phytochemistry, antioxidative and pharmacological properties of LO are also considered to help researchers screen potential lead compounds and design and develop future therapeutic agents to treat oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (M.E.H.); (S.A.); (R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (M.E.H.); (S.A.); (R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (M.E.H.); (S.A.); (R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahbuba Akther
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (M.E.H.); (S.A.); (R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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Freise C, Bobb V, Querfeld U. Collagen XIV and a related recombinant fragment protect human vascular smooth muscle cells from calcium-/phosphate-induced osteochondrocytic transdifferentiation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:242-252. [PMID: 28655510 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) promotes the development of vascular calcifications such as arteriosclerosis. The aim was to investigate effects of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components on transdifferentiation of VSMC to identify novel ECM-based therapeutic tools. Human collagens I & IV (CI, CIV) along with collagen XIV (CXIV) and a CXIV-derived fragment (CXIV-F), both of which induce differentiation, were applied in an in-vitro model of calcium-/phosphate (Ca/P)-induced osteochondrocytic transdifferentiation of human and murine VSMC. Transdifferentiation was determined by RT-PCR and calcium contents of VSMC cultures. Signaling pathways involved were determined by western-blot and luciferase reporter plasmid assays. Under normal culture conditions, CI induced VSMC proliferation and a more epithelioid/synthetic phenotype while CIV and predominantly CXIV provoked opposite effects. CIV and CXIV further blocked Ca/P-induced osteochondrocytic transdifferentiation of VSMC displayed e.g. by reduced gene expressions of Runx2, Sox9, osterix and increased expressions of αSMA and SM22α. This involved impaired activation of ERK1/2, NF-ĸB and Wnt-signaling. Similar preventive effects were achieved by applying CXIV-F. Impaired preventive effects of CXIV by co-treatment with a cluster of differentiation (CD)44 agonist propose CD44 as a CXIV-target structure on VSMC. In conclusion, CXIV and CXIV-F interfere with osteochondrocytic transdifferentiation of VSMC and should be further explored as potential therapeutic tools in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freise
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Veronika Bobb
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Lim DW, Lee MS, Her S, Cho S, Lee CH, Kim IH, Han D. Antidepressant-Like Effects of Lindera obtusiloba Extracts on the Immobility Behavior of Rats in the Forced Swim Test. Molecules 2016; 21:277. [PMID: 26927055 PMCID: PMC6273877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba extracts are commonly used as an alternative medicine due to its numerous health benefits in Korea. However, the antidepressant-like effects of L. obtusiloba extracts have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether L. obtusiloba extracts exhibited antidepressant-like activity in rats subjected to forced swim test (FST)-induced depression. Acute treatment of rats with L. obtusiloba extracts (200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced immobility time and increased swimming time without any significant change in climbing. Rats treated with L. obtusiloba extracts also exhibited a decrease in the limbic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to the FST, as indicated by attenuation of the corticosterone response and decreased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the hippocampus CA3 region. In addition, L. obtusiloba extracts, at concentrations that were not affected by cell viability, significantly decreased luciferase activity in response to cortisol in a concentration-dependent manner by the glucocorticoid binding assay in HeLa cells. Our findings suggested that the antidepressant-like effects of L. obtusiloba extracts were likely mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of L. obtusiloba extracts as an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Song Her
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Daeseok Han
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
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Balaji M, Ganjayi MS, Hanuma Kumar GEN, Parim BN, Mopuri R, Dasari S. A review on possible therapeutic targets to contain obesity: The role of phytochemicals. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:363-80. [PMID: 26740473 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity has increased markedly in recent decades making it a global public health concern. Since obesity is a potential risk factor in the development of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, etc., it is no more viewed as a cosmetic issue. Currently, only a few FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs like Orlistat, Lorcaserin and Phentermine-topiramate are available in the market, but they have considerable side effects. On the other hand, bariatric surgery as an alternative is associated with high risk and expensive. In view of these there is a growing trend towards natural product-based drug intervention as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity and related ailments. In Asian traditional medicine and Ayurvedic literature a good number of plant species have been used and quoted for possible lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects; however, many of them have not been evaluated rigorously for a definite recommendation and also lack adequate scientific validation. This review explores and updates on various plant species, their used parts, bioactive components and focuses multiple targets/pathways to contain obesity which may pave the way to develop novel and effective drugs. We also summarised different drugs in use to treat obesity and their current status. Nature is future promise of our wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriga Balaji
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gali E N Hanuma Kumar
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Freise C, Sommer K, Querfeld U. Protective effects of the polyphenols (+)-episesamin and sesamin against PDGF-BB-induced activation of vascular smooth muscle cells are mediated by induction of haem oxygenase-1 and inhibition of mitogenic signalling. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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A Lindera obtusiloba Extract Blocks Calcium-/Phosphate-Induced Transdifferentiation and Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Interferes with Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 and NF-κB. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:679238. [PMID: 26294927 PMCID: PMC4534752 DOI: 10.1155/2015/679238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcifications bear the risk for cardiovascular complications and have a high prevalence among patients with chronic kidney disease. Central mediators of vascular calcifications are vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). They transdifferentiate into a synthetic/osteoblast-like phenotype, which is induced, for example, by elevated levels of calcium and phosphate (Ca/P) due to a disturbed mineral balance. An aqueous extract from Lindera obtusiloba (LOE) is known to exert antifibrotic and antitumor effects or to interfere with the differentiation of preadipocytes. Using murine and rat VSMC cell lines, we here investigated whether LOE also protects VSMC from Ca/P-induced calcification. Indeed, LOE effectively blocked Ca/P-induced calcification of VSMC as shown by decreased VSMC mineralization and secretion of alkaline phosphatase. In parallel, mRNA expression of the calcification markers osterix and osteocalcin was reduced. Vice versa, the Ca/P-induced loss of the VSMC differentiation markers alpha smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle protein 22-alpha was rescued by LOE. Further, LOE blocked Ca/P-induced mRNA expressions and secretions of matrix metalloproteinases-2/-9 and activation of NF-κB, which are known contributors to vascular calcification. In conclusion, LOE interferes with the Ca/P-induced transdifferentiation/calcification of VSMC. Thus, LOE should be further analysed regarding a potential complementary treatment option for cardiovascular diseases including vascular calcifications.
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Freise C, Querfeld U. The lignan (+)-episesamin interferes with TNF-α-induced activation of VSMC via diminished activation of NF-ĸB, ERK1/2 and AKT and decreased activity of gelatinases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:642-52. [PMID: 25267105 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is triggered by inflammatory stimuli such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) causing a mitogenic VSMC response. The polyphenol (+)-episesamin (ES) was shown to counteract TNF-α-induced effects, for example in macrophages. Aiming for novel therapeutic options, we here investigated whether ES protects VSMC from TNF-α-induced growth and migration, which both contribute to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. METHODS Human and murine VSMC were treated with combinations of ES and TNF-α. Expressions of mRNA were analyzed by RT-PCR. Enzymatic activities and proliferation were determined by specific substrate assays. Cell signalling was analyzed by Western blot and reporter gene assays. Migration was assessed by wound healing assays. RESULTS ES at 1-10 μm reduced basal and TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation and migration due to impaired activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, Akt (protein kinase B), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1. This was accompanied by reduced expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2/-9, which are known to promote VSMC migration. Specific inhibitors of Akt, NF-ĸB and MMP-2/-9 reduced TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation, confirming ES-specific effects. Besides, ES reduced TNF-α- and H₂O₂ -induced oxidative stress and in parallel induces anti-inflammatory haem oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. CONCLUSION ES interferes with inflammation-associated VSMC activation and subsequent decreased proliferation and migration due to anti-oxidative properties and impaired activation of NF-ĸB, known contributors to atherogenesis. These results suggest ES as a complemental treatment of VSMC specific vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Freise
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité - University Medicine; Campus Virchow Clinic; Berlin Germany
| | - U. Querfeld
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Charité - University Medicine; Campus Virchow Clinic; Berlin Germany
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Marimoutou M, Le Sage F, Smadja J, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Gonthier MP, Robert-Da Silva C. Antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from the medicinal plants Antirhea borbonica, Doratoxylon apetalum and Gouania mauritiana protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes against H2O2, TNFα and LPS inflammatory mediators by regulating the expression of superoxide dismutase and NF-κB genes. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:10. [PMID: 25685071 PMCID: PMC4329220 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose cells responsible for fat storage are the targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 and pro-inflammatory agents including TNFα and LPS. Such mediators contribute to oxidative stress and alter inflammatory processes in adipose tissue, leading to insulin resistance during obesity. Thus, the identification of natural compounds such as plant polyphenols able to increase the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the body is of high interest. We aimed to evaluate the biological properties of polyphenol-rich extracts from the medicinal plants A. borbonica, D. apetalum and G. mauritiana on preadipocytes exposed to H2O2, TNFα or LPS mediators. Methods Medicinal plant extracts were analysed for their polyphenol contents by Folin-Ciocalteu and UPLC-ESI-MS methods as well as for their free radical-scavenging activities by DPPH and ORAC assays. To assess the ability of polyphenol-rich extracts to protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes against H2O2, TNFα or LPS mediators, several parameters including cell viability (MTT and LDH assays), ROS production (DCFH-DA test), IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion (ELISA) were evaluated. Moreover, the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and NF-κB genes was explored (RT-QPCR). Results All medicinal plants exhibited high levels of polyphenols with free radical-scavenging capacities. Flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, epicatechin and procyanidins, and phenolic acids derived from caffeic acid including chlorogenic acid, were detected. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts did not exert a cytotoxic effect on preadipocytes but protected them against H2O2 anti-proliferative action. Importantly, they down-regulated ROS production and the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 pro-inflammatory markers induced by H2O2, TNFα and LPS mediators. Such a protective action was associated with an increase in superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme gene expression and a decrease in mRNA levels of NF-κB pro-inflammatory transcription factor. Conclusion This study highlights that antioxidant strategies based on polyphenols derived from medicinal plants tested could contribute to regulate adipose tissue redox status and immune process, and thus participate to the improvement of obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méry Marimoutou
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Fanny Le Sage
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Jacqueline Smadja
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, EA 2212, Université de La Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Christine Robert-Da Silva
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
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13
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Inhibition of vascular calcification by block of intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels with TRAM-34. Pharmacol Res 2014; 85:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Alliin, a garlic (Allium sativum) compound, prevents LPS-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:381815. [PMID: 24453416 PMCID: PMC3888727 DOI: 10.1155/2013/381815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used to alleviate a variety of health problems due to its high content of organosulfur compounds and antioxidant activity. The main active component is alliin (S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide), a potent antioxidant with cardioprotective and neuroprotective actions. In addition, it helps to decrease serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and uric acid, as well as insulin resistance, and reduces cytokine levels. However its potential anti-inflammatory effect is unknown. We examined the effects of alliin in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by RT-PCR, Western blot, and microarrays analysis of 22,000 genes. Incubation of cells for 24 h with 100 μmol/L alliin prevented the increase in the expression of proinflammatory genes, IL-6, MCP-1, and Egr-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to 100 ng/mL LPS for 1 h. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which is involved in LPS-induced inflammation in adipocytes, was decreased following alliin treatment. Furthermore, the gene expression profile by microarrays evidentiate an upregulation of genes involved in immune response and downregulation of genes related with cancer. The present results have shown that alliin is able to suppress the LPS inflammatory signals by generating an anti-inflammatory gene expression profile and by modifying adipocyte metabolic profile.
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15
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Functional food ingredients for the management of obesity and associated co-morbidities – A review. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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16
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Lee JO, Auger C, Park DH, Kang M, Oak MH, Kim KR, Schini-Kerth VB. An ethanolic extract of Lindera obtusiloba stems, YJP-14, improves endothelial dysfunction, metabolic parameters and physical performance in diabetic db/db mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65227. [PMID: 23755196 PMCID: PMC3670856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba is a medicinal herb traditionally used in Asia for improvement of blood circulation, treatment of inflammation, and prevention of liver damage. A previous study has shown that an ethanolic extract of Lindera obtusiloba stems (LOE) has vasoprotective and antihypertensive effects. The possibility that Lindera obtusiloba improves endothelial function and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains to be examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the potential of LOE to prevent the development of an endothelial dysfunction, and improve metabolic parameters including hyperglycemia, albuminuria and physical exercise capacity in db/db mice, an experimental model of T2DM. The effect of LOE (100 mg/kg/day by gavage for 8 weeks) on these parameters was compared to that of an oral antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone (30 mg/kg/day by gavage). Reduced blood glucose level, body weight and albumin-creatinine ratio were observed in the group receiving LOE compared to the control db/db group. The LOE treatment improved endothelium-dependent relaxations, abolished endothelium-dependent contractions to acetylcholine in the aorta, and normalized the increased vascular oxidative stress and expression of NADPH oxidase, cyclooxygenases, angiotensin II, angiotensin type 1 receptors and peroxynitrite and the decreased expression of endothelial NO synthase in db/db mice. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was reduced in the LOE group compared to that in the control db/db group. LOE also inhibited the activity of purified ACE, COX-1 and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, LOE improved physical exercise capacity. Thus, the present findings indicate that LOE has a beneficial effect on the vascular system in db/db mice by improving endothelium-dependent relaxations and vascular oxidative stress most likely by normalizing the angiotensin system, and also on metabolic parameters, and these effects are associated with an enhanced physical exercise capacity.
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MESH Headings
- Albuminuria/prevention & control
- Angiotensin II/genetics
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Ethanol/chemistry
- Exercise Tolerance/drug effects
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Lindera/chemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Pioglitazone
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ok Lee
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Research and Development Center, Hanwha Pharma. Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyril Auger
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Research Center, YangJi Chemicals, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyu Kang
- Research and Development Center, Hanwha Pharma. Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Rak Kim
- Research and Development Center, Hanwha Pharma. Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Valérie B. Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Sun Y, Liu L, Jiang LZ, Zhang GF, Li GM, Wu N. Preparation, identification, structure, and in vitro anti-obesity effects of protease inhibitors isolated from potato fruit juice. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Freise C, Trowitzsch-Kienast W, Erben U, Seehofer D, Kim KY, Zeitz M, Ruehl M, Somasundaram R. (+)-Episesamin inhibits adipogenesis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in 3T3-L1 (pre)adipocytes by sustained Wnt signaling, down-regulation of PPARγ and induction of iNOS. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:550-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Bae S, Yoon Y. Anti-Adipogenic Activity of Berberine is Not Mediated by the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Phytother Res 2012; 27:937-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Bae
- Department of Microbiology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul 156-756 Korea
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20
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The inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels TRAM-34 blocks growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA and nuclear factor-kappaB. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:452-7. [PMID: 23054207 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy still demanding for novel therapeutic options. Since the ion channel inhibitor TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole) was shown to block growth in various cancer cells, we investigated anti-tumor effects of TRAM-34 in human HCC cell lines. We found that TRAM-34 reduced HCC cell proliferation without induction of apoptosis. This was due to a decreased mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and a reduced activation of NF-kappaB, which both are implicated in the development of HCC. Therefore, TRAM-34 might represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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21
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Cao ZH, Yang H, He ZL, Luo C, Xu ZQ, Gu DH, Jia JJ, Ge CR, Lin QY. Effects of aqueous extracts of raw pu-erh tea and ripened pu-erh tea on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1193-9. [PMID: 23027678 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea has shown anti-obesity effects but little is known about its effect on proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes. This study investigated the effects of the aqueous extracts of raw pu-erh tea and ripened pu-erh tea on proliferation and differentiation of murine 3T3-L1 preadiopocytes. We examined dose and time effects of both aqueous extracts on proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The contents of triglycerides in cytoplasm and the mRNA expression of critical transcriptional factors involved in differentiation were determined. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate of preadipocytes by pu-erh tea extracts treatment were test for toxic and pro-apoptotic effects. Both aqueous extracts of pu-erh tea inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at the selected time points. At lower concentration of raw pu-erh tea extracts (less than 300 µg/ml) and ripened pu-erh tea extracts (less than 350 µg/ml), no significant cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic were observed. Ripened pu-erh tea was more effective with lower IC50 than raw pu-erh tea. Both extracts suppressed the differentiation and down-regulated the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins-α. Therefore, these results indicate that both aqueous extracts of pu-erh tea can inhibit proliferation and differentiation with ripened pu-erh tea more potent. Polyphenol rich in both extracts may play a role in the inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, PR China
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22
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Freise C, Ruehl M, Erben U, Farndale RW, Somasundaram R, Heimesaat MM. The synthetic hydroxyproline-containing collagen analogue (Gly-Pro-Hyp)10 promotes enzymatic activity of matrixmetalloproteinase-2 in vitro. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:186-91. [PMID: 24688764 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases such as liver fibrosis and intestinal inflammation are characterized by accumulated components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Given that fibrillar collagen structures were shown to serve as storage site for inactive proforms of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs), modulating this MMP-collagen interaction might offer a rational interventional (therapeutic) approach to enhance degradation of accumulated ECM. The synthetic triple helical collagen analogue (Gly-Pro-Hyp)10 - (GPO)10 - was shown to trigger release and enzymatic activation of collagen sequestered proMMP-2. In the presented study, we, for the first time, investigated how MMP-(GPO)10 interaction impacts cellular responses in vitro. We found that recombinant proMMP-2 induced proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which was enhanced after addition of (GPO)10 reaching comparable levels following incubation with fully activated MMP-2. In addition, (GPO)10 induced HSC migration similar to the platelet-derived growth factor subunit-B. Further, the MMP-2-dependent invasion of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells through an ECM membrane was enhanced after addition of (GPO)10. Since cellular proliferation and migration concomitant with matrix degradation is stimulated, we conclude that the MMP-(GPO)10 interaction also functions in a physiological environment. Thus, a potential therapeutic effect of (GPO)10 should be further tested in animal models for MMP-associated diseases such as colitis or fibrosis.
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23
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(+)-Episesamin exerts anti-neoplastic effects in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines via suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B and inhibition of MMP-9. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:2087-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Ramani UV, Devkar RV, Ramachandran AV. Sida rhomboidea. Roxb leaf extract down-regulates expression of PPARγ2 and leptin genes in high fat diet fed C57BL/6J Mice and retards in vitro 3T3L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4661-77. [PMID: 21845103 PMCID: PMC3155376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sida rhomboidea. Roxb leaf extract (SRLE) is being used by the populace of North-East India to alleviate symptoms of diabetes and obesity. We have previously reported its hypolipidemic and anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we report the effect of SRLE on (i) in vivo modulation of genes controlling high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and (ii) in vitro 3T3L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation and leptin release. Supplementation with SRLE significantly prevented HFD induced increment in bodyweight, plasma lipids and leptin, visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy. Also, SRLE supplementation reduced food intake, down regulated PPARγ2, SREBP1c, FAS and LEP expressions and up-regulated CPT-1 in epididymal adipose tissue compared to obese mice. In vitro adipogenesis of 3T3L1 pre-adipocytes was significantly retarded in the presence of SRLE extract. Also decreased triglyceride accumulation, leptin release and glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate dehydrogenase activity along with higher glycerol release without significant alteration of viability of 3T3L1 pre-adipocytes, was recorded. Our findings suggest that prevention of HFD induced visceral adiposity is primarily by down regulation of PPARγ2 and leptin gene expression coupled with attenuation of food intake in C57BL/6J mice. SRLE induced prevention of pre-adipocytes differentiation, and leptin release further substantiated these findings and scientifically validates the potential application of SRLE as a therapeutic agent against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaka C. Thounaojam
- Division of Phytothrapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat 390002, India; E-Mails: (M.C.T.); (R.N.J.); (A.V.R.)
| | - Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja
- Division of Phytothrapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat 390002, India; E-Mails: (M.C.T.); (R.N.J.); (A.V.R.)
| | - Umed V. Ramani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Gujarat 388001, India; E-Mail:
| | - Ranjitsinh V. Devkar
- Division of Phytothrapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat 390002, India; E-Mails: (M.C.T.); (R.N.J.); (A.V.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +91-9825935445; Fax: +91-0265-2226425
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- Division of Phytothrapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat 390002, India; E-Mails: (M.C.T.); (R.N.J.); (A.V.R.)
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25
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Freise C, Ruehl M, Erben U, Neumann U, Seehofer D, Kim KY, Trowitzsch-Kienast W, Stroh T, Zeitz M, Somasundaram R. A hepatoprotective Lindera obtusiloba extract suppresses growth and attenuates insulin like growth factor-1 receptor signaling and NF-kappaB activity in human liver cancer cell lines. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:39. [PMID: 21569410 PMCID: PMC3117754 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In traditional Chinese and Korean medicine, an aqueous extract derived from wood and bark of the Japanese spice bush Lindera obtusiloba (L.obtusiloba) is applied to treat inflammations and chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. We previously demonstrated anti-fibrotic effects of L.obtusiloba extract in hepatic stellate cells. Thus, we here consequently examine anti-neoplastic effects of L.obtusiloba extract on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and the signaling pathways involved. Methods Four human HCC cell lines representing diverse stages of differentiation were treated with L.obtusiloba extract, standardized according to its known suppressive effects on proliferation and TGF-β-expression. Beside measurement of proliferation, invasion and apoptosis, effects on signal transduction and NF-κB-activity were determined. Results L.obtusiloba extract inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in all HCC cell lines and provoked a reduced basal and IGF-1-induced activation of the IGF-1R signaling cascade and a reduced transcriptional NF-κB-activity, particularly in the poorly differentiated SK-Hep1 cells. Pointing to anti-angiogenic effects, L.obtusiloba extract attenuated the basal and IGF-1-induced expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Conclusions The traditional application of the extract is confirmed by our experimental data. Due to its potential to inhibit critical receptor tyrosine kinases involved in HCC progression via the IGF-1 signaling pathway and NF-κB, the standardized L.obtusiloba extract should be further analysed for its active compounds and explored as (complementary) treatment option for HCC.
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An ethanolic extract of Lindera obtusiloba stems causes NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations in rat aortic rings and prevents angiotensin II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Nerurkar PV, Lee YK, Nerurkar VR. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) inhibits primary human adipocyte differentiation by modulating adipogenic genes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 10:34. [PMID: 20587058 PMCID: PMC2911406 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escalating trends of obesity and associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted an increase in the use of alternative and complementary functional foods. Momordica charantia or bitter melon (BM) that is traditionally used to treat diabetes and complications has been demonstrated to alleviate hyperglycemia as well as reduce adiposity in rodents. However, its effects on human adipocytes remain unknown. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of BM juice (BMJ) on lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation transcription factors in primary human differentiating preadipocytes and adipocytes. METHODS Commercially available cryopreserved primary human preadipocytes were treated with and without BMJ during and after differentiation. Cytotoxicity, lipid accumulation, and adipogenic genes mRNA expression was measured by commercial enzymatic assay kits and semi-quantitative RT-PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS Preadipocytes treated with varying concentrations of BMJ during differentiation demonstrated significant reduction in lipid content with a concomitant reduction in mRNA expression of adipocyte transcription factors such as, peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and adipocytokine, resistin. Similarly, adipocytes treated with BMJ for 48 h demonstrated reduced lipid content, perilipin mRNA expression, and increased lipolysis as measured by the release of glycerol. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that BMJ is a potent inhibitor of lipogenesis and stimulator of lipolysis activity in human adipocytes. BMJ may therefore prove to be an effective complementary or alternative therapy to reduce adipogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha V Nerurkar
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
| | - Yun-Kung Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
| | - Vivek R Nerurkar
- Retrovirology Research Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA
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