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Fagen SJ, Burgess JD, Lim MJ, Amerna D, Kaya ZB, Faroqi AH, Perisetla P, DeMeo NN, Stojkovska I, Quiriconi DJ, Mazzulli JR, Delenclos M, Boschen SL, McLean PJ. Honokiol decreases alpha-synuclein mRNA levels and reveals novel targets for modulating alpha-synuclein expression. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1179086. [PMID: 37637959 PMCID: PMC10449643 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracytoplasmic inclusions comprised of aggregated alpha-synuclein (αsyn) represent a key histopathological feature of neurological disorders collectively termed "synucleinopathies," which includes Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations and multiplications in the SNCA gene encoding αsyn cause familial forms of PD and a large body of evidence indicate a correlation between αsyn accumulation and disease. Decreasing αsyn expression is recognized as a valid target for PD therapeutics, with down-regulation of SNCA expression potentially attenuating downstream cascades of pathologic events. Here, we evaluated if Honokiol (HKL), a polyphenolic compound derived from magnolia tree bark with demonstrated neuroprotective properties, can modulate αsyn levels in multiple experimental models. Methods Human neuroglioma cells stably overexpressing αsyn, mouse primary neurons, and human iPSC-derived neurons were exposed to HKL and αsyn protein and SNCA messenger RNA levels were assessed. The effect of HKL on rotenone-induced overexpression of αsyn levels was further assessed and transcriptional profiling of mouse cortical neurons treated with HKL was performed to identify potential targets of HKL. Results We demonstrate that HKL can successfully reduce αsyn protein levels and SNCA expression in multiple in vitro models of PD with our data supporting a mechanism whereby HKL acts by post-transcriptional modulation of SNCA rather than modulating αsyn protein degradation. Transcriptional profiling of mouse cortical neurons treated with HKL identifies several differentially expressed genes (DEG) as potential targets to modulate SNCA expression. Conclusion This study supports a HKL-mediated downregulation of SNCA as a viable strategy to modify disease progression in PD and other synucleinopathies. HKL has potential as a powerful tool for investigating SNCA gene modulation and its downstream effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Fagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Melina J. Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
| | - Danilyn Amerna
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
| | - Zeynep B. Kaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
| | - Ayman H. Faroqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Priyanka Perisetla
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
| | - Natasha N. DeMeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
| | - Iva Stojkovska
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Drew J. Quiriconi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph R. Mazzulli
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
| | - Suelen L. Boschen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jackson ville, FL, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
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Ginsenoside and Its Therapeutic Potential for Cognitive Impairment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091310. [PMID: 36139149 PMCID: PMC9496100 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the major clinical features of many neurodegenerative diseases. It can be aging-related or even appear in non-central nerve system (CNS) diseases. CI has a wide spectrum that ranges from the cognitive complaint with normal screening tests to mild CI and, at its end, dementia. Ginsenosides, agents extracted from a key Chinese herbal medicine (ginseng), show great promise as a new therapeutic option for treating CI. This review covered both clinical trials and preclinical studies to summarize the possible mechanisms of how ginsenosides affect CI in different diseases. It shows that ginsenosides can modulate signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. The involved signaling pathways mainly include the PI3K/Akt, CREB/BDNF, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of CI for related diseases by ginsenosides.
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Gholipour P, Komaki A, Ramezani M, Parsa H. Effects of the combination of high-intensity interval training and Ecdysterone on learning and memory abilities, antioxidant enzyme activities, and neuronal population in an Amyloid-beta-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Behav 2022; 251:113817. [PMID: 35443198 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress and neuronal death are the primary reasons for the progression of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ecdysterone (ecdy), a common derivative of ecdysteroids, possesses free radical scavenging and cognitive-improving effects. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can be a therapeutic strategy for improving cognitive decline and oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of HIIT exercise and ecdy consumption synergistically on the changes in learning and memory functions, activities of hippocampal antioxidant enzymes, and neuronal population after AD induced by Aβ in male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following ten days of Aβ injection, HIIT exercise and ecdy treatment (10 mg/kg/day; P.O.) were initiated and continued for eight consecutive weeks in rats. At the end of the treatment period, the rat's learning and memory functions were assessed using Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRx), and changes in neuronal population were evaluated in rats' brains. RESULTS The results indicated that Aβ injection disrupted spatial/passive avoidance learning and memory in both tests, accompanied by a decrease in the SOD and CAT (as endogenous antioxidants) in rats' hippocampus. Additionally, Aβ injection resulted in neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Although the consumption of ecdy separately improved spatial/passive avoidance learning and memory impairments, recovered hippocampal activity of SOD, CAT, GRx, and prevented the hippocampal neuronal loss, its combination along with HIIT resulted in a more powerful and effective amelioration in all the above-mentioned Aβ-neuropathological changes. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that a combination of HIIT and ecdy treatment could be a promising potential therapeutic option against AD-associated cognitive decline, owing to their free radical scavenging and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Gholipour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ramezani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Hesam Parsa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Sohn E, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Jeong SJ. Ficus erecta Thunb. Leaves Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit and Neuronal Damage in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:607403. [PMID: 33935701 PMCID: PMC8082460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is linked to amyloid plaque accumulation, neuronal loss, and brain inflammation. Ficus erecta Thunb. is a food and medicinal plant used to treat inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of F. erecta Thunb. against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in a mouse model of amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced AD. First, we confirmed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of F. erecta (EEFE) leaves on Aβ aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Next, behavioral tests (passive avoidance task and Morris water maze test) revealed EEFE markedly improved cognitive impairment in Aβ-injected mice. Furthermore, EEFE reduced neuronal loss and the expression of neuronal nuclei (NeuN), a neuronal marker, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice. EEFE significantly reversed Aβ-induced suppression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, indicating neuroprotection was mediated by the CREB/BDNF signaling. Moreover, EEFE significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), a marker of microglial activation, in brain tissues of Aβ-injected mice, suggesting anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Taken together, EEFE protects against cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in AD-like mice via activation of the CREB/BDNF signaling and upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Sohn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Lago-Fernandez A, Zarzo-Arias S, Jagerovic N, Morales P. Relevance of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Multitarget Paradigm Associated with the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1001. [PMID: 33498245 PMCID: PMC7863932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have shown to exert their therapeutic actions through a variety of targets. These include not only the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R but also related orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligand-gated ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, metabolic enzymes, and nuclear receptors. In this review, we aim to summarize reported compounds exhibiting their therapeutic effects upon the modulation of CB1R and/or CB2R and the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Concomitant actions at CBRs and PPARα or PPARγ subtypes have shown to mediate antiobesity, analgesic, antitumoral, or neuroprotective properties of a variety of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids. The relevance of this multitargeting mechanism of action has been analyzed in the context of diverse pathologies. Synergistic effects triggered by combinatorial treatment with ligands that modulate the aforementioned targets have also been considered. This literature overview provides structural and pharmacological insights for the further development of dual cannabinoids for specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
| | - Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
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Giacomeli R, de Gomes MG, Reolon JB, Haas SE, Colomé LM, Jesse CR. Chrysin loaded lipid-core nanocapsules ameliorates neurobehavioral alterations induced by β-amyloid 1-42 in aged female mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112696. [PMID: 32417280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a clinically and progressive loss of cognitive function, neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders. Some studies showed that chrysin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, your bioavailability is relatively low. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of chrysin loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs) on neurochemical and behavioral changes in a model of AD induced by β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptide in aged female mice. For this purpose, aged female mice received free chrysin (FC) (5 mg/kg, per oral, p.o.) or chrysin loaded LNCs (C1-LNC and C5-LNC) (1 or 5 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days after Aβ1-42 administration (400 pmol, i.c.v.). Aβ1-42 induced significant impairments on memory and learning (morris water maze task, object recognition and step-down-type passive avoidance), also caused oxidative stress, reduced the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), increased neuroinflammation in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aged animals. Thus, C1-LNC and C5-LNC displayed significant effect against Aβ₁-₄2, via attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, modulation of neurochemical and behavioral changes in a model of AD. These results point to chrysin loaded LNCs (mainly C5-LNC) can be a promising biomedical tool and a new therapeutic approach for treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Giacomeli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Brandão Reolon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Sandra Elisa Haas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Marques Colomé
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Ricardo Jesse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil
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Ham HJ, Lee YS, Yun J, Han SB, Son DJ, Hong JT. Anxiolytic-like effects of the ethanol extract of Magnolia obovata leaves through its effects on GABA-benzodiazepine receptor and neuroinflammation. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Kheiri G, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer's disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:9-30. [PMID: 29804103 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling. p38 MAPK is the most essential regulator of Aβ induced toxicity from this family. p38 induces NF-κB activation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and disruption of synaptic plasticity, which are other implications of all justifying the p38 MAPK as a potential target to break the vicious Aβ toxicity cycle. Until recently, many in vivo and in vitro studies have investigated the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors in AD. The pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190 and SB203580 have shown promising anti-apoptotic results in vivo. MW108 inhibits activation of p38 and is able to postpone cognitive decline in animal models. The PD169316, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic features, has improved spatial memory in vivo. Natural compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea), polyphenols from olive oil, pinocembrin from propolis, and the puerarine extract isoflavones, have shown strong anti-apoptotic features, mediated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Use of these drug targets is limited due to central nervous system side effects or cross-reactivity with other kinases, predicting the low efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Kheiri
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
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10
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Morroni F, Sita G, Graziosi A, Ravegnini G, Molteni R, Paladini MS, Dias KST, Dos Santos AF, Viegas C, Camps I, Pruccoli L, Tarozzi A, Hrelia P. PQM130, a Novel Feruloyl-Donepezil Hybrid Compound, Effectively Ameliorates the Cognitive Impairments and Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:658. [PMID: 31244664 PMCID: PMC6581760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia in older people. The complex nature of AD calls for the development of multitarget agents addressing key pathogenic processes. Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is a first-line acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of AD. Although several studies have demonstrated the symptomatic efficacy of donepezil treatment in AD patients, the possible effects of donepezil on the AD process are not yet known. In this study, a novel feruloyl-donepezil hybrid compound (PQM130) was synthesized and evaluated as a multitarget drug candidate against the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 oligomer (AβO) injection in mice. Interestingly, PQM130 had already shown anti-inflammatory activity in different in vivo models and neuroprotective activity in human neuronal cells. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of AβO in mice caused the increase of memory impairment, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Instead, PQM130 (0.5-1 mg/kg) treatment after the i.c.v. AβO injection reduced oxidative damage and neuroinflammation and induced cell survival and protein synthesis through the modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). Moreover, PQM130 increased brain plasticity and protected mice against the decline in spatial cognition. Even more interesting is that PQM130 modulated different pathways compared to donepezil, and it is much more effective in counteracting AβO damage. Therefore, our findings highlighted that PQM130 is a potent multi-functional agent against AD and could act as a promising neuroprotective compound for anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Paladini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Viegas
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ihosvany Camps
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies-QuVi, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies-QuVi, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Jin X, Liu MY, Zhang DF, Zhong X, Du K, Qian P, Gao H, Wei MJ. Natural products as a potential modulator of microglial polarization in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104253. [PMID: 31059788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons most common in elderly population, mainly including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammation caused by microglia as the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) plays a contributory role in the onset and progression of NDs. Activated microglia, as in macrophages, to be heterogeneous, can polarize into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) functional phenotypes. The former elaborate pro-inflammatory mediators promoting neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In contrast, the latter generate anti-inflammatory mediators and neurotrophins that inhibit neuroinflammation and promote neuronal healing. Consistently, the regulation of microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype appears as an outstanding therapeutic and preventive approach for NDs treatment. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) currently used to alleviate M1 microglia-associated neuroinflammation responsible for the development of NDs, these drugs have different degrees of adverse effects and limited efficacy. As the advantages of novel structure, multi-target, high efficiency and low toxicity, natural products as the modulators of microglial polarization have attracted considerable concerns in the therapeutic areas of NDs. In this review, we mainly summarized the therapeutic potential of natural products and their various molecular mechanisms for NDs treatment through modulating microglial polarization. The aim of the current review is expected to be useful to develop innovative modulators of microglial polarization from natural products for the amelioration and treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, China.
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A β Peptide Originated from Platelets Promises New Strategy in Anti-Alzheimer's Drug Development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3948360. [PMID: 29018812 PMCID: PMC5605787 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3948360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and its deposits in the brain are known to be implicated in the neurodegeneration that occurs during Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, alternative theories views concerning both the source of this peptide and its functions have been developed. It has been shown that, as in all other known types of amyloidosis, the production of Aβ originates in blood cells or cells related to blood plasma, from which it can then spread from the blood to inside the brain, with the greatest concentration around brain blood vessels. In this review, we summarize research progress in this new area and outline some future perspectives. While it is still unclear whether the main source of Aβ deposits in AD is the blood, the possibility of blocking the chain of reactions that lead to constant Aβ release from the blood to the brain may be exploited in an attempt to reduce the amyloid burden in AD. Solving the problem of Aβ accumulation in this way may provide an alternative strategy for developing anti-AD drugs.
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Lee JK, Kim NJ. Recent Advances in the Inhibition of p38 MAPK as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081287. [PMID: 28767069 PMCID: PMC6152076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a crucial target for chronic inflammatory diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, as well as neurodegeneration, and there is no known cure. Recent studies on the underlying biology of AD in cellular and animal models have indicated that p38 MAPK is capable of orchestrating diverse events related to AD, such as tau phosphorylation, neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Thus, the inhibition of p38 MAPK is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the targeting of p38 MAPK as a potential strategy for the treatment of AD and envision possibilities of p38 MAPK inhibitors as a fundamental therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Patsenker E, Chicca A, Petrucci V, Moghadamrad S, de Gottardi A, Hampe J, Gertsch J, Semmo N, Stickel F. 4-O'-methylhonokiol protects from alcohol/carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1077-1089. [PMID: 28689299 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and related mortality. The endocannabinoid system contributes to the development of chronic liver diseases, where cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has been shown to have a protecting role. Thus, here, we investigated how CB2 agonism by 4'-O-methylhonokiol (MHK), a biphenyl from Magnolia grandiflora, affects chronic alcohol-induced liver fibrosis and damage in mice. A combination of alcohol (10% vol/vol) and CCl4 (1 ml/kg) was applied to C57BL/6 mice for 5 weeks. MHK (5 mg/kg) was administered daily, and liver damage assessed by serum AST and ALT levels, histology, gene, and protein expression. Endocannabinoids (ECs) and related lipid derivatives were measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in liver tissues. In vitro, MHK was studied in TGFβ1-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). MHK treatment alleviated hepatic fibrosis, paralleled by induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -3, -9, and -13, and downregulation of CB1 mRNA. Necrotic lesions and hepatic inflammation were moderately improved, while IL-10 mRNA increased and IFNγ, Mcl-1, JNK1, and RIPK1 normalized by MHK. Hepatic anandamide (AEA) and related N-acetylethanolamines (NAEs) were elevated in MHK group, whereas fatty acid synthase and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 expression reduced. In vitro, MHK prevented HSC activation and induced apoptosis via induction of bak1 and bcl-2. To conclude, MHK revealed hepatoprotective effects during alcohol-induced liver damage through the induction of MMPs, AEA, and NAEs and prevention of HSC activation, indicating MHK as a potent therapeutic for liver fibrosis and ALD. KEY MESSAGES Methylhonokiol improves liver damage and survival. Methylhonokiol reduces hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammation. Methylhonokiol prevents myofibroblast activation and induces apoptosis. Methylhonokiol upregulates endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines. Methylhonokiol contributes to lipid hydrolysis via PPARα/γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Sternwartstr. 14, 8097, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Petrucci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sheida Moghadamrad
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea de Gottardi
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nasser Semmo
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Sternwartstr. 14, 8097, Zurich, Switzerland
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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Jensen BC, Willis MS. The Head and the Heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2408-2411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jiang T, Sun Q, Chen S. Oxidative stress: A major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 147:1-19. [PMID: 27769868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the overproduction and incorporation of free radicals and the dynamic ability of a biosystem to detoxify reactive intermediates. Free radicals produced by oxidative stress are one of the common features in several experimental models of diseases. Free radicals affect both the structure and function of neural cells, and contribute to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Although the precise mechanisms that result in the degeneration of neurons and the relevant pathological changes remain unclear, the crucial role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with several proteins (such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, Amyloid β and tau protein) and some signaling pathways (such as extracellular regulated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2) that are tightly associated with the neural damage. In this review, we present evidence, gathered over the last decade, concerning a variety of pathogenic proteins, their important signaling pathways and pathogenic mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Proper control and regulation of these proteins' functions and the related signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic approach to the patients. We also emphasizes antioxidative options, including some new neuroprotective agents that eliminate excess reactive oxygen species efficiently and have a certain therapeutic effect; however, controversy surrounds some of them in terms of the dose and length of therapy. These agents require further investigation by clinical application in patients suffering Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Yun HM, Jin P, Park KR, Hwang J, Jeong HS, Kim EC, Jung JK, Oh KW, Hwang BY, Han SB, Hong JT. Thiacremonone Potentiates Anti-Oxidant Effects to Improve Memory Dysfunction in an APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice Model. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2409-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chicca A, Gachet MS, Petrucci V, Schuehly W, Charles RP, Gertsch J. 4'-O-methylhonokiol increases levels of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in mouse brain via selective inhibition of its COX-2-mediated oxygenation. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:89. [PMID: 25962384 PMCID: PMC4490613 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 4'-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is a natural product showing anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastogenic, and neuroprotective effects. MH was reported to modulate cannabinoid CB2 receptors as an inverse agonist for cAMP production and an agonist for intracellular [Ca2+]. It was recently shown that MH inhibits cAMP formation via CB2 receptors. In this study, the exact modulation of MH on CB2 receptor activity was elucidated and its endocannabinoid substrate-specific inhibition (SSI) of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and CNS bioavailability are described for the first time. METHODS CB2 receptor modulation ([35S]GTPγS, cAMP, and β-arrestin) by MH was measured in hCB2-transfected CHO-K1 cells and native conditions (HL60 cells and mouse spleen). The COX-2 SSI was investigated in RAW264.7 cells and in Swiss albino mice by targeted metabolomics using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS MH is a CB2 receptor agonist and a potent COX-2 SSI. It induced partial agonism in both the [35S]GTPγS binding and β-arrestin recruitment assays while being a full agonist in the cAMP pathway. MH selectively inhibited PGE2 glycerol ester formation (over PGE2) in RAW264.7 cells and significantly increased the levels of 2-AG in mouse brain in a dose-dependent manner (3 to 20 mg kg(-1)) without affecting other metabolites. After 7 h from intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, MH was quantified in significant amounts in the brain (corresponding to 200 to 300 nM). CONCLUSIONS LC-MS/MS quantification shows that MH is bioavailable to the brain and under condition of inflammation exerts significant indirect effects on 2-AG levels. The biphenyl scaffold might serve as valuable source of dual CB2 receptor modulators and COX-2 SSIs as demonstrated by additional MH analogs that show similar effects. The combination of CB2 agonism and COX-2 SSI offers a yet unexplored polypharmacology with expected synergistic effects in neuroinflammatory diseases, thus providing a rationale for the diverse neuroprotective effects reported for MH in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Salomé Gachet
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Petrucci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Wolfgang Schuehly
- Institute of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Roch-Philippe Charles
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Lu D, Xu A, Mai H, Zhao J, Zhang C, Qi R, Wang H, Lu D, Zhu L. The synergistic effects of heat shock protein 70 and ginsenoside Rg1 against tert-butyl hydroperoxide damage model in vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:437127. [PMID: 25685255 PMCID: PMC4312651 DOI: 10.1155/2015/437127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplanted is one of the hottest research to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), but cholinergic neurons from stem cells were also susceptible to cell death which Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was affirmed to reverse. Related to cognitive impairment, cholinergic nervous cells should be investigated and ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) was considered to increase them. We chose tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) damage model to study in vitro. Functional properties of our recombination plasmid pEGFP-C2-HSP70 were affirmed by SH-SY5Y cells. To opposite the transitory appearance of HSP70, NSCs used as the vectors of HSP70 gene overexpressed HSP70 for at least 7 days in vitro. After transfection for 3 days, G-Rg1 pretreatment for 4 hours, and coculture for 3 days, the expression of acetylcholinesterase (ChAT), synaptophysin, and the ratio of NeuN and GFAP were assessed by western blot; Morphological properties were detected by 3D reconstruction and immunofluorescence. ChAT was markedly improved in the groups contained G-Rg1. In coculture system, the ratio of neurons/astrocytes and the filaments of neurons were increased; apoptosis cells were decreased, compared to monotherapy (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that, as a safe cotreatment affirmed in vitro, overexpression of HSP70 in NSCs plus G-Rg1 promoted nervous cells regeneration from chronic oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- 2Department of Internal Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Anding Xu
- 2Department of Internal Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hongcheng Mai
- 2Department of Internal Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Renbin Qi
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- *Daxiang Lu: and
| | - Lihong Zhu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- *Lihong Zhu:
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Validation of cyclooxygenase-2 as a direct anti-inflammatory target of 4-O-methylhonokiol in zymosan-induced animal models. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:813-25. [PMID: 25074039 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is known to inhibit inflammation by partially understood mechanisms. Here, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MH were examined using enzymatic, cellular, and animal assays. In enzymatic assays, MH inhibited COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 0.062 μM, and also COX-1 with an IC50 of 2.4 μM. In cellular assays, MH was immunotoxic above 10 μM. At non-toxic concentrations (below 3 μM), MH strongly inhibited COX-2-mediated prostaglandin production with an IC50 of 0.1 μM, whereas did not or slightly affect other functions of B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In an animal model, MH inhibited the increase in footpad thickness and popliteal lymph node weight in zymosan-injected mice. When analyzed the draining pLNs of zymosan-injected mice on day 5, MH inhibited the overall inflammatory responses. However, MH inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated prostaglandin production without affecting tumor necrosis factor-α production in inflamed tissues within 6 h after zymosan injection. In summary, our data suggest that COX-2 may be a direct anti-inflammatory target of MH in vitro and in vivo.
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Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve memory dysfunction in an Aβ1-42-infused mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e958. [PMID: 24336078 PMCID: PMC3877561 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote functional recoveries in pathological experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) and are currently being tested in clinical trials for neurological disorders, but preventive mechanisms of placenta-derived MSCs (PD-MSCs) for Alzheimer's disease are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effect of PD-MSCs on neuronal cell death and memory impairment in Aβ1–42-infused mice. After intracerebroventrical (ICV) infusion of Aβ1–42 for 14 days, the cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Our results showed that the transplantation of PD-MSCs into Aβ1–42-infused mice significantly improved cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes attenuated the expression of APP, BACE1, and Aβ, as well as the activity of β-secretase and γ-secretase. In addition, the activation of glia cells and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were inhibited by the transplantation of PD-MSCs. Furthermore, we also found that PD-MSCs downregulated the release of inflammatory cytokines as well as prevented neuronal cell death and promoted neuronal cell differentiation from neuronal progenitor cells in Aβ1–42-infused mice. These data indicate that PD-MSC mediates neuroprotection by regulating neuronal death, neurogenesis, glia cell activation in hippocampus, and altering cytokine expression, suggesting a close link between the therapeutic effects of MSCs and the damaged CNS in Alzheimer's disease.
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Magnolia extract (BL153) ameliorates kidney damage in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:367040. [PMID: 24381715 PMCID: PMC3863519 DOI: 10.1155/2013/367040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrated that obesity is a risk factor for renal structural and functional changes, leading to the end-stage renal disease which imposes a heavy economic burden on the community. However, no effective therapeutic method for obesity-associated kidney disease is available. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of a magnolia extract (BL153) for treating obesity-associated kidney damage in a high fat diet- (HFD-) induced mouse model. The results showed that inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor-α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and oxidative stress markers (3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) were all significantly increased in the kidney of HFD-fed mice compared to mice fed with a low fat diet (LFD). Additionally, proteinuria and renal structure changes in HFD-fed mice were much more severe than that in LFD-fed mice. However, all these alterations were attenuated by BL153 treatment, accompanied by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and hexokinase II (HK II) expression in the kidney. The present study indicates that BL153 administration may be a novel approach for renoprotection in obese individuals by antiinflammation and anti-oxidative stress most likely via upregulation of PGC-1α and HK II signal in the kidney.
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Han SB, Kim YH, Kim KH, Seong YH, Oh KW, Hong JT. A Comparison between Extract Products of Magnolia officinalis on Memory Impairment and Amyloidogenesis in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:332-9. [PMID: 24130932 PMCID: PMC3794532 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.3.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of Magnolia officinalis have well known to act anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities. These efficacies have been sold many products as nutritional supplement extracted from bark of Magnolia officinalis. Thus, to assess and compare neuroprotective effect in the nutritional supplement (Magnolia ExtractTM, Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA) and our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea), we investigated memorial improving and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of extract products of Magnolia officinalis in a transgenic AD mice model. Oral pretreatment of two extract products of Magnolia officinalis (10 mg/kg/day in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months ameliorated memorial dysfunction and prevented Aβ accumulation in the brain of Tg2576 mice. In addition, extract products of Magnolia officinalis also decreased expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its product, C99. Although both two extract products of Magnolia officinalis could show preventive effect of memorial dysfunction and Aβ accumulation, our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea) could be more effective than Magnolia ExtractTM (Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA). Therefore, our results showed that extract products of Magnolia officinalis were effective for prevention and treatment of AD through memorial improving and anti-amyloidogenic effects via down-regulating β-secretase activity, and neuroprotective efficacy of Magnolia extracts could be differed by cultivating area and manufacturing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center ; CBITRC ; Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763
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Yu HE, Oh SJ, Ryu JK, Kang JS, Hong JT, Jung JK, Han SB, Seo SY, Kim YH, Park SK, Kim HM, Lee K. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 4-O-methylhonokiol in rats. Phytother Res 2013; 28:568-78. [PMID: 23824979 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 4-O-methylhonokiol in rats. The absorption and disposition of 4-O-methylhonokiol were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single intravenous (2 mg/kg) or oral (10 mg/kg) dose. Its metabolism was studied in vitro using rat liver microsomes and cytosol. 4-O-Methylhonokiol exhibited a high systemic plasma clearance and a large volume of distribution. The oral dose gave a peak plasma concentration of 24.1±3.3 ng/mL at 2.9±1.9 h and a low estimated bioavailability. 4-O-Methylhonokiol was rapidly metabolized and converted at least in part to honokiol in a concentration-dependent manner by cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsomes, predicting a high systemic clearance consistent with the pharmacokinetic results. It was also shown to be metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfation in rat liver microsomes and cytosol, respectively. 4-O-Methylhonokiol showed a moderate permeability with no apparent vectorial transport across Caco-2 cells, suggesting that intestinal permeation process is not likely to limit its oral absorption. Taken together, these results suggest that the rapid hepatic metabolism of 4-O-methylhonokiol could be the major reason for its high systemic clearance and low oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Yu
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Zhou XW, Zhang Z, Su CF, Lv RH, Zhou X, Cai L, Wang CY, Yan L, Zhang W, Luo HM. Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects primary cortical neurons against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity through mitochondria pathway. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1215-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Chao-Fen Su
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Ruo-Hua Lv
- Sinopharm Medicine Holding Guangzhou Co., Ltd.; Guangzhou; China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
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Yun HM, Jin P, Han JY, Lee MS, Han SB, Oh KW, Hong SH, Jung EY, Hong JT. Acceleration of the development of Alzheimer's disease in amyloid beta-infused peroxiredoxin 6 overexpression transgenic mice. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:941-51. [PMID: 23771816 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cytotoxic to neurons and has a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is an antioxidant protein and could act as a cytoprotective protein. However, the role of Prdx6 in neurodegenerative disease has not been studied. Thus, the roles and action mechanisms in the development of AD were examined. Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in Prdx6 transgenic mice was worse than C57BL/6 mice, and the expression of amyloid precursor protein cleavage, C99, β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 was greatly increased. In addition, the astrocytes and microglia cells of Aβ-infused Prdx6 transgenic mice were more activated, and Aβ also significantly increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels, but decreased glutathione levels. Furthermore, we found that translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the nucleus was increased in Aβ-infused Prdx6 transgenic mice. These results suggest that the overexpression of Prdx6 could accelerate the development of AD through increased amyloidogenesis through independent PLA2 activation and Nrf2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, South Korea
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28
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Jin P, Kim JA, Choi DY, Lee YJ, Jung HS, Hong JT. Anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of a small molecule, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal in Tg2576 Alzheimer's disease mice model. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:2. [PMID: 23289709 PMCID: PMC3547726 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils within the brain and activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. In this study, we examined anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242), an anti-inflammatory compound produced by the tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction. METHODS 12-month-old Tg2576 mice were treated with HPB242 (5 mg/kg) for 1 month and then cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, western blot analysis, Gel electromobility shift assay, immunostaining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA and enzyme activity assays were used to examine the degree of Aβ deposition in the brains of Tg2576 mice. The Morris water maze task was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Otherwise were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test. RESULTS Treatment of HPB242 (5 mg/kg for 1 month) significantly attenuated cognitive impairments in Tg2576 transgenic mice. HPB242 also prevented amyloidogenesis in Tg2576 transgenic mice brains. This can be evidenced by Aβ accumulation, BACE1, APP and C99 expression and β-secretase activity. In addition, HPB242 suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) in the brain was potently inhibited by HPB242. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these results suggest that HPB242 might be useful to intervene in development or progression of neurodegeneration in AD through its anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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Gertsch J, Anavi-Goffer S. Methylhonokiol attenuates neuroinflammation: a role for cannabinoid receptors? J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:135. [PMID: 22716035 PMCID: PMC3419612 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid type-2 G protein-coupled (CB2) receptor is an emerging therapeutic target for pain management and immune system modulation. In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the orally administered natural product 4′-O-methylhonokiol (MH) has been shown to prevent amyloidogenesis and progression of AD by inhibiting neuroinflammation. In this commentary we discuss an intriguing link between the recently found CB2 receptor-mediated molecular mechanisms of MH and its anti-inflammatory and protective effects in AD animal models. We argue that the novel cannabimimetic MH may exert its beneficial effects via modulation of CB2 receptors expressed in microglial cells and astrocytes. The recent findings provide further evidence for a potential role of CB2 receptors in the pathophysiology of AD, spurring target validation and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Centre of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.
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30
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Yun YP, Han SB, Kim HM, Lee K, Choi SH, Yang MP, Jeon HS, Jeong JH, Oh KW, Hong JT. Ethanol Extract of Magnolia officinalis
Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Deficiency via Its Antineuroinflammatory and Antiamyloidogenic Effects. Phytother Res 2012; 27:438-47. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Gachon University of Medicine and Science; Incheon 406-799 Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Korea University; Jochiwon Chungnam 339-700 Korea
| | - Seok Hwa Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine; Konkuk University, Chungju Hospital; Chungju Korea
| | - Jea-Hwang Jeong
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedicine; Chungbuk Provincial College; Okcheongun Chungbuk 373-807 Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- Medical Research Center; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
- CBITRC; Chungbuk National University; 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Han SB, Kim YH, Kim KH, Hwang BY, Kang JK, Lee BJ, Oh KW, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis on memory impairment and amyloidogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via regulating β-secretase activity. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1884-92. [PMID: 22431473 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. The components of the herb Magnolia officinalis are known to have antiinflammatory, antioxidative and neuroprotective activities. In this study we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of M. officinalis on memory dysfunction and amyloidogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of AD. Oral pretreatment of ethanol extract of M. officinalis (10 mg/kg in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months inhibited memory impairment and Aβ deposition in the brain of Tg2576 mice. Ethanol extract of M. officinalis also decreased activity of β-secretase, cleaving Aβ from amyloid precursor protein (APP), and expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), APP and its product, C99. Our results showed that ethanol extract of M. officinalis effectively prevented memory impairment via down-regulating β-secretase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea
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Lee YJ, Choi DY, Choi IS, Kim KH, Kim YH, Kim HM, Lee K, Cho WG, Jung JK, Han SB, Han JY, Nam SY, Yun YW, Jeong JH, Oh KW, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of 4-O-methylhonokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis and memory impairment via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB in vitro and in vivo models. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:35. [PMID: 22339795 PMCID: PMC3323460 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is important in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation caused memory impairments. In the present study, we investigated the possible preventive effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol, a constituent of Magnolia officinalis, on memory deficiency caused by LPS, along with the underlying mechanisms. Methods We investigated whether 4-O-methylhonokiol (0.5 and 1 mg/kg in 0.05% ethanol) prevents memory dysfunction and amyloidogenesis on AD model mice by intraperitoneal LPS (250 μg/kg daily 7 times) injection. In addition, LPS-treated cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells were investigated for anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effect of 4-O-methylhonkiol (0.5, 1 and 2 μM). Results Oral administration of 4-O-methylhonokiol ameliorated LPS-induced memory impairment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 4-O-methylhonokiol prevented the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory proteins; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as activation of astrocytes (expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP) in the brain. In in vitro study, we also found that 4-O-methylhonokiol suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 as well as the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in the LPS-stimulated cultured astrocytes. 4-O-methylhonokiol also inhibited transcriptional and DNA binding activity of NF-κB via inhibition of IκB degradation as well as p50 and p65 translocation into nucleus of the brain and cultured astrocytes. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation, 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibited LPS-induced Aβ1-42 generation, β- and γ-secretase activities, and expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), BACE1 and C99 as well as activation of astrocytes and neuronal cell death in the brain, in cultured astrocytes and in microglial BV-2 cells. Conclusion These results suggest that 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibits LPS-induced amyloidogenesis via anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, 4-O-methylhonokiol can be a useful agent against neuroinflammation-associated development or the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 12, Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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Choi DY, Lee JW, Lin G, Lee YK, Lee YH, Choi IS, Han SB, Jung JK, Kim YH, Kim KH, Oh KW, Hong JT, Lee MS. Obovatol attenuates LPS-induced memory impairments in mice via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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34
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Kwak JH, Cho YA, Jang JY, Seo SY, Lee H, Hong JT, Han SB, Lee K, Kwak YS, Jung JK. Expedient synthesis of 4-O-methylhonokiol via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Lee YJ, Choi IS, Park MH, Lee YM, Song JK, Kim YH, Kim KH, Hwang DY, Jeong JH, Yun YP, Oh KW, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT. 4-O-Methylhonokiol attenuates memory impairment in presenilin 2 mutant mice through reduction of oxidative damage and inactivation of astrocytes and the ERK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:66-77. [PMID: 20974250 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin 2 (PS2) mutation increases Aβ generation and neuronal cell death in the brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. In a previous study, we showed that increased oxidative damage and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were associated with Aβ generation and neuronal cell death in neuronal cells expressing mutant PS2. In this study, we show that oral treatment with 4-O-methylhonokiol, a novel compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, for 3 months (1.0mg/kg) prevented PS2 mutation-induced memory impairment and neuronal cell death accompanied by a reduction in Aβ(1-42) accumulation. We also found that 4-O-methylhonokiol inhibited PS2 mutation-induced activation of ERK and β-secretase, and oxidative protein and lipid damage, but recovered glutathione levels in the cortex and hippocampus of PS2 mutant mice. Additionally, 4-O-methylhonokiol prevented PS2 mutation-induced activation of astrocytes as well as production of TNF-α, IL-1β, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) in neurons. Generation of TNF-α, IL-1β, ROS, and NO and ERK activation in cultured astrocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide (1μg/ml) were also prevented by 4-O-methylhonokiol in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the improving effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol on memory function may be associated with a suppression of the activation of ERK and astrocytes as well as a reduction in oxidative damage. Thus, 4-O-methylhonokiol may be useful in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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