1
|
Saint C, Gittings W, Bunda J, Giles C, Sacco SM, Vandenboom R, Ward WE, LeBlanc PJ. Maternal folic acid supplementation does not impact skeletal muscle function and metabolism in male and female CD-1 mouse offspring. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:306-318. [PMID: 37913528 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid fortification of all white flour, enriched pasta, and cornmeal products became mandatory in Canada to reduce risk of neural tube defects at birth. Furthermore, Health Canada and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada recommend women take daily prenatal folic acid supplements in addition to folic acid fortified foods during pregnancy. However, the influence of maternal folic acid supplementation on offspring development, specifically the highly abundant and metabolically active skeletal muscle, is currently unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental folic acid (four times higher than normal dietary consumption), in utero and throughout suckling on muscle size, function, and metabolism in male and female CD-1 mouse offspring. The major findings were that maternal exposure to supplemental folic acid (i) had no impact on postpartum growth rates or muscle mass in female and male offspring, (ii) had no impact on skeletal muscle contractile kinetics in females and male offspring, and (iii) increased maximal phosphofructokinase activity in extensor digitorum longus of female and male offspring. These findings suggest that exposure to folic acid supplementation in utero and throughout suckling at levels four times higher than recommended had minimal effect on skeletal muscle size, function, and metabolism regardless of sex. Future research is needed explore the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms affected by folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on offspring skeletal muscle tissue, specifically in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Saint
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Bunda
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron Giles
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra M Sacco
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2178-2197. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
3
|
Chin KY, Pang KL. Skeletal Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Soy Isoflavones-A Review of Evidence From Rodent Models. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:563. [PMID: 33072660 PMCID: PMC7533582 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are dietary phytoestrogens commonly found in soy-based products. The widespread presence of isoflavones in soy infant formula and breast milk may have long-lasting effects on the development of sex hormone-sensitive organs like the skeleton. Animal early-life programming models are suitable for testing the skeletal effects of pre- and neonatal exposure of soy isoflavones. This review aims to collate the impacts of early-life exposure of soy isoflavones as evidenced in animal models. The isoflavones previously studied include daidzein, genistein, or a combination of both. They were administered to rodent pups during the first few days postnatal, but prolonged exposure had also been studied. The skeletal effects were observed when the animals reached sexual maturity or after castration to induce bone loss. In general, neonatal exposure to soy isoflavones exerted beneficial effects on the skeletal system of female rodents, but the effects on male rodents seem to depend on the time of exposure and require further examinations. It might also protect the animals against bone loss due to ovariectomy at adulthood but not upon orchidectomy. The potential benefits of isoflavones on the skeletal system should be interpreted together with its non-skeletal effects in the assessment of its safety and impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sacco SM, Saint C, LeBlanc PJ, Ward WE. Nutritional Programming of Bone Structure in Male Offspring by Maternal Consumption of Citrus Flavanones. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:671-682. [PMID: 29151126 PMCID: PMC5956010 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to hesperidin (HSP) and naringin (NAR) during pregnancy and lactation transiently compromised bone mineral density (BMD) and bone structure at the proximal tibia in female CD-1 offspring. We examined whether maternal consumption of HSP + NAR during pregnancy and lactation compromises BMD, bone structure, and bone strength in male CD-1 offspring. Male CD-1 offspring, from mothers fed a control diet (CON, n = 10) or a 0.5% HSP + 0.25% NAR diet (HSP + NAR, n = 8) for 5 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation, were weaned and fed CON until 6 months of age. In vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) measured tibia BMD and structure at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Ex vivo µCT measured femur and lumbar vertebrae (LV) structure at age 6 months. Ex vivo BMD (femur, LV) and biomechanical strength (femur and tibia midpoint, femur neck) were assessed at age 6 months by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and strength testing, respectively. At all ages, HSP + NAR offspring had greater (p < 0.05) proximal tibia cortical structure compared to CON offspring. At age 4 months, proximal tibia trabecular structure was greater (p < 0.05) than CON offspring. At age 6 months, femur neck and LV trabecular structure were greater (p < 0.05) than CON offspring. Our results demonstrate that unlike our previous study of female offspring, maternal consumption of HSP + NAR resulted in greater bone structure at the proximal tibia in male CD-1 offspring that persisted to 6 months of age. Thus, maternal programming of offspring BMD and bone structure from consumption of HSP + NAR occurred as a sex-specific response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Caitlin Saint
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bone development in growing female mice fed calcium and vitamin D at lower levels than is present in the AIN-93G reference diet. Bone Rep 2018; 8:229-238. [PMID: 29955642 PMCID: PMC6020397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AIN-93G reference (REF) diet is used to allow the comparison within and between studies of different research groups but its levels of vitamin D (vit D) and calcium (Ca) may be higher than required for healthy bone structure and bone mineral density (BMD). Objective To determine if lower dietary levels of Ca (3.5, 3 or 2.5 g Ca/kg diet) at 1 of 2 levels of vit D (100 or 400 IU/kg diet) supports similar development of bone structure and BMD compared to AIN-93G reference (REF) diet in female CD-1 mice at 2 and 4 months of age. Methods Within a trial, weanling female mice (n = 12–15/group) were randomized to 1 of 4 diets until necropsy at 4 months of age: Trial 1: 100 IU vit D/kg + 3.5, 3 or 2.5 g Ca/kg diet or 1000 IU vit D/kg + 5 g Ca/kg diet (REF); and Trial 2: 400 IU vit D/kg + 3.5, 3 or 2.5 g Ca/kg diet or 1000 IU vit D/kg + 5 g/kg diet (REF). At age 2 and 4 months, in vivo bone structure and BMD were assessed using micro-computed tomography (μCT) at the proximal and midpoint tibia. At age 4 months, lumbar vertebra 4 (L4) and mandible structure were analyzed ex vivo, femur strength at midpoint and neck was assessed and serum 25(OH)D3 and PTH were quantified. Results For Trial 1 (100 IU vit D/kg), there were no differences in tibia structure at age 2 and 4 months nor L4 or mandible structure or femur strength at the midpoint or neck at 4 months of age despite lower serum 25(OH)D3 among all groups compared to REF. For Trial 2 (400 IU vit D/kg), mice fed 2.5 g Ca/kg diet had lower (p < 0.05) Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar and Ct.Th at the tibia midpoint compared to REF. Furthermore, Ct.Th. was greater in REF and 3.5 g Ca/kg diet compared to 2.5 g Ca/kg diet at age 2 but not 4 months of age. At L4, BV/TV was lower (p < 0.05) in the 3 g Ca/kg diet group compared to REF at age 4 months. There were no differences among groups for serum 25(OH)D3 or femur strength at the midpoint or neck. Serum PTH was not elevated compared to REF in either Trial. Conclusion Lowering both dietary vit D (100 IU/kg) and Ca (2.5 g/kg) in AIN-93G diet did not result in differences in bone development of female CD-1 mice at early adulthood. Translational relevance of bone studies conducted using the AIN-93G diet may be affected by its high vit D and Ca content.
Collapse
Key Words
- AIN93G
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BV/TV, percent bone volume
- Bone mineral density
- Bone structure
- Ca, calcium
- Calcium
- Conn.Dn, connectivity density
- Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar, cortical area fraction
- Ct.Th, cortical thickness
- DA, degree anisotropy
- Ec.Pm, endocortical perimeter
- Ecc, mean eccentricity
- ISO, isoflavones
- L4, lumbar vertebrae 4
- Ma.Ar, medullary area
- Micro-computed tomography
- P, phosphorus
- PBM, peak bone mass
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- Ps.Pm, periosteum perimeter
- REF, AIN-93G reference diet
- ROI, region of interest
- SEM, standard error mean
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Vitamin D
- vit D, vitamin D
- μCT, micro computed tomography
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Zhou LP, Li XL, Zhao YJ, Ho MX, Qiu ZC, Zhao DF, Mok DKW, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Wong MS. 8-Prenylgenistein, a prenylated genistein derivative, exerted tissue selective osteoprotective effects in ovariectomized mice. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24221-24236. [PMID: 29849935 PMCID: PMC5966244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that the in vitro osteogenic effects of 8-prenylgenistein (8PG) were more potent than its parent compound genistein. This study aimed to evaluate the osteoprotective effects of 8PG in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as well as to characterize its estrogenic effects in uterus. Mature OVX mice were treated with phytoestrogen-free diet containing 8PG or genistein. Trabecular bone mass and most of the micro-structural parameters were ameliorated at the distal femoral metaphysis in OVX mice upon treatment with genistein and both doses of 8PG. The beneficial effects of 8PG on trabecular bone were confirmed by safranin O and ABHO staining. 8PG markedly inhibited the ovariectomy-induced mRNA expressions of RANKL/OPG, ALP, COL, OCN, cathepsin K and ER-α in bone. In contrast, genistein further increased the ovariectomy-induced ER-α expression in bone. The uterus index was increased in genistein-treated group. Genistein up-regulated the expression of ER-α and PR, while 8PG significantly down-regulated the ER-α and C3 expression in uterus of OVX mice. Moreover, genistein, but not 8PG, increased expressions of ER-α, PCNA and C3 in Ishikawa cell. This study suggested that 8PG improved trabecular bone properties in OVX mice without exerting uterotrophic effects and its estrogenic actions were distinct from those of genistein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PRC
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PRC
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Yong-Jian Zhao
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PRC
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Ming-Xian Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Zuo-Cheng Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Dong-Feng Zhao
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PRC
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Qi Shi
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PRC
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PRC
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PRC
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PRC
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PRC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sulaiman SA, De Blasio MJ, Harland ML, Gatford KL, Owens JA. Maternal methyl donor and cofactor supplementation in late pregnancy increases β-cell numbers at 16 days of life in growth-restricted twin lambs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E381-E390. [PMID: 28679621 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00033.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Restricted growth before birth (IUGR) increases adult risk of Type 2 diabetes by impairing insulin sensitivity and secretion. Altered fetal one-carbon metabolism is implicated in developmental programming of adult health and disease by IUGR. Therefore, we evaluated effects of maternal dietary supplementation with methyl donors and cofactors (MMDS), designed to increase fetal supply, on insulin action in the spontaneously IUGR twin lamb. In vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were measured at days 12-14 in singleton controls (CON, n = 7 lambs from 7 ewes), twins (IUGR, n = 8 lambs from 8 ewes), and twins from ewes that received MMDS (2 g rumen-protected methionine, 300 mg folic acid, 1.2 g sulfur, 0.7 mg cobalt) daily from 120 days after mating (~0.8 of term) until delivery (IUGR+MMDS, n = 8 lambs from 4 ewes). Body composition and pancreas morphometry were assessed in lambs at day 16 IUGR reduced size at birth and increased neonatal fractional growth rate. MMDS normalized long bone lengths but not other body dimensions of IUGR lambs at birth. IUGR did not impair glucose control or insulin action at days 12-14, compared with controls. MMDS increased metabolic clearance rate of insulin and increased β-cell numerical density and tended to improve insulin sensitivity, compared with untreated IUGR lambs. This demonstrates that effects of late-pregnancy methyl donor supplementation persist until at least the third week of life. Whether these effects of MMDS persist beyond early postnatal life and improve metabolic outcomes after IUGR in adults and the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti A Sulaiman
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Lyn Harland
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A Owens
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mikhaeil JS, Sacco SM, Saint C, Gittings W, Bunda J, Giles CR, Fajardo VA, Vandenboom R, Ward WE, LeBlanc PJ. Influence of longitudinal radiation exposure from microcomputed tomography scanning on skeletal muscle function and metabolic activity in female CD-1 mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/13/e13338. [PMID: 28676556 PMCID: PMC5506525 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is an imaging technology to assess bone microarchitecture, a determinant of bone strength. When measured in vivo, μCT exposes the skeletal site of interest to a dose of radiation, in addition to nearby skeletal muscles as well. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of repeated radiation exposure from in vivo μCT on muscle health – specifically, muscle morphometrics, contractile function, and enzyme activity. This study exposed the right hind limb of female mice to either a low (26 cGy) or moderate (46 cGy) dose, at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, while the left hind limb of the same animal was exposed to a single dose at 6 months to serve as a nonirradiated control. Muscle weight, cross‐sectional area, isometric contractile function, and representative maximal enzyme activities of amino acid, fatty acid, glucose, and oxidative metabolism in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus were assessed. Low‐dose radiation had no effect. In contrast, moderate‐dose radiation resulted in a 5% increase in time‐to‐peak tension and 16% increase in half‐relaxation time of isometric twitches in EDL, although these changes were not seen when normalized to force. Moderate‐dose radiation also resulted in an ~33% decrease in citrate synthase activity in soleus but not EDL, with no changes to the other enzymes measured. Thus, three low doses of radiation over 6 months had no effect on contractile function or metabolic enzyme activity in soleus and EDL of female mice. In contrast, three moderate doses of radiation over 6 months induced some effects on metabolic enzyme activity in soleus but not EDL. Future studies that wish to investigate muscle tissue that is adjacent to scanned bone should take radiation exposure dose into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Mikhaeil
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Sandra M Sacco
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Caitlin Saint
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Jordan Bunda
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Cameron R Giles
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada .,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontaria, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maternal Consumption of Hesperidin and Naringin Flavanones Exerts Transient Effects to Tibia Bone Structure in Female CD-1 Offspring. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030250. [PMID: 28282882 PMCID: PMC5372913 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin (HSP) and naringin (NAR), flavanones rich in citrus fruits, support skeletal integrity in adult and aging rodent models. This study determined whether maternal consumption of HSP and NAR favorably programs bone development, resulting in higher bone mineral density (BMD) and greater structure and biomechanical strength (i.e., peak load) in female offspring. Female CD-1 mice were fed a control diet or a HSP + NAR diet five weeks before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, female offspring were fed a control diet until six months of age. The structure and BMD of the proximal tibia were measured longitudinally using in vivo micro-computed tomography at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The trabecular bone structure at two and four months and the trabecular BMD at four months were compromised at the proximal tibia in mice exposed to HSP and NAR compared to the control diet (p < 0.001). At six months of age, these differences in trabecular structure and BMD at the proximal tibia had disappeared. At 6 months of age, the tibia midpoint peak load, BMD, structure, and the peak load of lumbar vertebrae and femurs were similar (p > 0.05) between the HSP + NAR and control groups. In conclusion, maternal consumption of HSP and NAR does not enhance bone development in female CD-1 offspring.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sacco SM, Saint C, Longo AB, Wakefield CB, Salmon PL, LeBlanc PJ, Ward WE. Repeated irradiation from micro-computed tomography scanning at 2, 4 and 6 months of age does not induce damage to tibial bone microstructure in male and female CD-1 mice. BONEKEY REPORTS 2017; 6:855. [PMID: 28277563 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long-term effects of repeated in vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning at key stages of growth and bone development (ages 2, 4 and 6 months) on trabecular and cortical bone structure, as well as developmental patterns, have not been studied. We determined the effect of repetitive μCT scanning at age 2, 4 and 6 months on tibia bone structure of male and female CD-1 mice and characterized developmental changes. At 2, 4 and 6 months of age, right tibias were scanned using in vivo μCT (Skyscan 1176) at one of three doses of radiation per scan: 222, 261 or 460 mGy. Left tibias of the same mice were scanned only at 6 months to serve as non-irradiated controls to determine whether recurrent radiation exposure alters trabecular and cortical bone structure at the proximal tibia. In males, eccentricity was lower (P<0.05) in irradiated compared with non-irradiated tibias (222 mGy group). Within each sex, all other structural outcomes were similar between irradiated and non-irradiated tibias regardless of dose. Trabecular bone loss occurred in all mice due to age while cortical development continued to age 6 months. In conclusion, repetitive μCT scans at various radiation doses did not damage trabecular or cortical bone structure of proximal tibia in male and female CD-1 mice. Moreover, scanning at 2, 4 and 6 months of age highlight the different developmental time course between trabecular and cortical bone. These scanning protocols can be used to investigate longitudinal responses of bone structures to an intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin Saint
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda B Longo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles B Wakefield
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maternal Dietary Vitamin D Does Not Program Systemic Inflammation and Bone Health in Adult Female Mice Fed an Obesogenic Diet. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110675. [PMID: 27792161 PMCID: PMC5133063 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and impaired bone health. Vitamin D regulates bone metabolism, and has anti-inflammatory properties and epigenetic effects. We showed that exposure to high dietary vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation beneficially programs serum concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bone structure in male offspring fed an obesogenic diet. Here we assessed if this effect is also apparent in females. C57BL/6J dams were fed AIN93G diet with high (5000 IU/kg diet) or low (25 IU/kg diet) vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, female offspring remained on their respective vitamin D level or were switched and fed a high fat and sucrose diet (44.2% fat, 19.8% sucrose) until age seven months when glucose response, adiposity, serum LPS, and bone mineral, trabecular and cortical structure, and biomechanical strength properties of femur and vertebra were assessed. There was no evidence for a programming effect of vitamin D for any outcomes. However, females exposed to a high vitamin D diet post-weaning had higher bone mineral content (p = 0.037) and density (p = 0.015) of lumbar vertebra. This post-weaning benefit suggests that in females, bone mineral accrual but not bone structure is compromised with low vitamin D status in utero until weaning in an obesogenic context.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ward WE, Kaludjerovic J, Dinsdale EC. A Mouse Model for Studying Nutritional Programming: Effects of Early Life Exposure to Soy Isoflavones on Bone and Reproductive Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E488. [PMID: 27187422 PMCID: PMC4881113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, our research group has characterized and used a mouse model to demonstrate that "nutritional programming" of bone development occurs when mice receive soy isoflavones (ISO) during the first days of life. Nutritional programming of bone development can be defined as the ability for diet during early life to set a trajectory for better or compromised bone health at adulthood. We have shown that CD-1 mice exposed to soy ISO during early neonatal life have higher bone mineral density (BMD) and greater trabecular inter-connectivity in long bones and lumbar spine at young adulthood. These skeletal sites also withstand greater forces before fracture. Because the chemical structure of ISO resembles that of 17-β-estradiol and can bind to estrogen receptors in reproductive tissues, it was prudent to expand analyses to include measures of reproductive health. This review highlights aspects of our studies in CD-1 mice to understand the early life programming effects of soy ISO on bone and reproductive health. Preclinical mouse models can provide useful data to help develop and guide the design of studies in human cohorts, which may, depending on findings and considerations of safety, lead to dietary interventions that optimize bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Jovana Kaludjerovic
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Elsa C Dinsdale
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|