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Bruxel MA, da Silva FN, da Silva RA, Zimath PL, Rojas A, Moreira ELG, Quesada I, Rafacho A. Preconception exposure to malathion and glucose homeostasis in rats: Effects on dams during pregnancy and post-term periods, and on their progeny. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120633. [PMID: 36370973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the individual and global impact of pesticides on human physiology and the different stages of life is still a challenge in environmental health. We analyzed here whether administration of the organophosphate insecticide malathion before pregnancy could affect glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and, in addition, generate possible later consequences in mothers and offspring. For this, adult Wistar rats were allocated into two groups and were treated daily (intragastric) with malathion (14 or 140 mg/kg, body mass (bm)) for 21-25 days. Corn oil was used as vehicle in the Control group. Subgroups were defined based on the absence (nulliparous) or presence (pregnant) of a copulatory plug. Pregnant rats were followed by an additional period of 2 months after the term (post-term), without continuing malathion treatment. Fetuses and adult offspring of males and females were also evaluated. We ran an additional experimental design with rats exposed to malathion before pregnancy at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg bm. Malathion exposure resulted in glucose intolerance in the mothers during pregnancy and post-term period, regardless of the exposure dose. This was accompanied by increased visceral adipose tissue mass, dyslipidemia, unchanged pancreatic β-cell mass, and varying insulin responses to glucose in vivo. The number of total newborns and birthweight was not affected by malathion exposure. Adult offspring from both sexes also became glucose-intolerant, regardless of the pesticide dose their dams were exposed to. This alteration could be associated with changes at the epigenomic level, as reduced hepatic mRNA content of DNA methylases and demethylases was found. We demonstrated that periconceptional exposure to malathion with doses aiming to mimic from work environment to indirect contamination predisposes progenitors and offspring rats to glucose intolerance. Thus, we conclude that subchronic exposure to malathion is a risk factor for gestational diabetes and prediabetes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciel Alencar Bruxel
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia Natividade da Silva
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Center of Epigenetic Study and Gene Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University - UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Laiz Zimath
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Luis Gasnhar Moreira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Coadministration of sitagliptin or metformin has no major impact on the adverse metabolic outcomes induced by dexamethasone treatment in rats. Life Sci 2021; 286:120026. [PMID: 34627773 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glucocorticoids (GC) in excess cause glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia due to their diabetogenic actions. Conceptually, antidiabetic drugs should attenuate these side effects. Thus, we evaluated whether the coadministration of metformin or sitagliptin (or both) with dexamethasone could attenuate GC-induced adverse effects on metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male rats were treated for 5 consecutive days with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, body mass (bm), intraperitoneally). Additional groups were coadministered with metformin (300 mg/kg, bm, by oral gavage (og)) or sitagliptin (20 mg/kg, bm, og) or with both compounds in combination. The day after the last treatments, rats were submitted to glucose tolerance tests, pyruvate tolerance test, and euthanized for biometric, biochemical, morphologic, and molecular analyses. KEY FINDINGS Dexamethasone treatment resulted in reduced body mass and food intake, increased blood glucose and plasma insulin, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, pyruvate intolerance, and increased hepatic content of glycogen and fat. Sitagliptin coadministration improved glucose tolerance compared with the control group, an effect paralleled with higher levels of active GLP-1 during an oral GTT. Overall, sitagliptin or metformin coadministration did not prevent any of the dexamethasone-induced metabolic disturbances. SIGNIFICANCE Coadministration of sitagliptin or metformin result in no major improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism altered by dexamethasone treatment in male adult rats.
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Dos Santos C, Rafacho A, Ferreira SM, Vettorazzi JF, Dos Reis Araújo T, Mateus Gonçalves L, Ruhrmann S, Bacos K, Ling C, Boschero AC, Jorge Dos Santos G. Excess of glucocorticoids during late gestation impairs the recovery of offspring's β-cell function after a postnatal injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21828. [PMID: 34325494 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100841r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since prenatal glucocorticoids (GC) excess increases the risk of metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring and its effect on β-cell recovery capacity remains unknown we investigated these aspects in offspring from mice treated with dexamethasone (DEX) in the late pregnancy. Half of the pups were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) on the sixth postnatal day (PN). Functional and molecular analyses were performed in male offspring on PN25 and PN225. Prenatal DEX treatment resulted in low birth weight. At PN25, both the STZ-treated offspring developed hyperglycemia and had lower β-cell mass, in parallel with higher α-cell mass and glucose intolerance, with no impact of prenatal DEX on such parameters. At PN225, the β-cell mass was partially recovered in the STZ-treated mice, but they remained glucose-intolerant, irrespective of being insulin sensitive. Prenatal exposition to DEX predisposed adult offspring to sustained hyperglycemia and perturbed islet function (lower insulin and higher glucagon response to glucose) in parallel with exacerbated glucose intolerance. β-cell-specific knockdown of the Hnf4α in mice from the DS group resulted in exacerbated glucose intolerance. We conclude that high GC exposure during the prenatal period exacerbates the metabolic dysfunctions in adult life of mice exposed to STZ early in life, resulting in a lesser ability to recover the islets' function over time. This study alerts to the importance of proper management of exogenous GCs during pregnancy and a healthy postnatal lifestyle since the combination of adverse factors during the prenatal and postnatal period accentuates the predisposition to metabolic disorders in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Reis Araújo
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mateus Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Antônio Carlos Boschero
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jorge Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Chronic glucocorticoid treatment induces hepatic lipid accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia in part through actions on AgRP neurons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13776. [PMID: 34215821 PMCID: PMC8253818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed anti-inflammatory medicines, but their use can lead to metabolic side-effects. These may occur through direct actions of GCs on peripheral organs, but could also be mediated by the hypothalamic AgRP neurons, which can increase food intake and modify peripheral metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of chronic treatment with the GC corticosterone (Cort, 75 μg/ml in drinking water) in mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on AgRP neurons. Female AgRP-GR KO mice had delayed onset of Cort-induced hyperphagia. However, AgRP-GR KO had little impact on the increased body weight or adiposity seen with 3 weeks Cort treatment. Cort caused hepatic steatosis in control mice, but in Cort treated female AgRP-GR KO mice there was a 25% reduction in liver lipid content and lower plasma triglycerides. Additionally, Cort treatment led to hyperinsulinaemia, but compared to controls, Cort-treated AgRP-GR KO mice had both lower fasting insulin levels and lower insulin levels during a glucose tolerance test. In conclusion, these data indicate that GCs do act through AgRP neurons to contribute, at least in part, to the adverse metabolic consequences of chronic GC treatment.
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