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Pöllänen E, Yeung TYC, Arroyo J, Park HW, Formella C, Osika W. Uncovering associations between interest in One Health and pre-existing conditions and behaviours: Evidence from a UK survey. One Health 2024; 18:100732. [PMID: 38699436 PMCID: PMC11064595 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper endeavours to unveil individual characteristics associated with an interest in One Health. Through the distribution of an online survey randomly distributed among the United Kingdom population, we discovered significant correlations between pre-existing attitudes towards and relationships with nature and animals and interest in One Health, which is quantified by the number of additional pages of One Health information participants agreed to view at the survey's conclusion. Additionally, individuals with poorer mental health demonstrated a higher level of interest in One Health. The findings suggest that interest in One Health and people's connections with nature and animals are driven by the same personal preferences. These insights point towards the potential for more targeted communication strategies to specific groups, facilitating more effective promotion of the One Health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane Arroyo
- Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels, Belgium
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Bonnet C, Coinon M. Environmental co-benefits of health policies to reduce meat consumption: A narrative review. Health Policy 2024; 143:105017. [PMID: 38503172 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Global meat consumption has risen steadily in recent decades, with heterogeneous growth rates across regions. While meat plays a critical role in providing essential nutrients for human health, excessive consumption of meat, particularly red and processed meat, has also been associated with a higher risk of certain chronic diseases. This has led public authorities, including the World Health Organization, to call for a reduction in meat consumption. How governments can effectively reduce the health costs of meat consumption remains a challenge as implementing effective policy instruments is complex. This paper examines health-related policy instruments and potential economic mechanisms that could reduce meat consumption. Health-related taxation could be the most effective instrument. Other policy instruments, such as informational and behavioral instruments, along with regulations, could discourage meat consumption depending on the policy design. We also provide evidence on the link between meat consumption and the environment, including climate, biodiversity, water use, and pollution. Promoting healthy behaviors by reducing meat consumption can then have environmental co-benefits and promote broader sustainable development goals. We also discuss the policy-related challenges that need to be addressed to meet environmental co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonnet
- Toulouse School of Economics, INRAE, University of Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marine Coinon
- Toulouse School of Economics, INRAE, University of Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France
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Bigirinama RN, Mothupi MC, Mwene-Batu PL, Kozuki N, Chiribagula CZ, Chimanuka CM, Ngaboyeka GA, Bisimwa GB. Prioritization of maternal and newborn health policies and their implementation in the eastern conflict affected areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo: a political economy analysis. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:55. [PMID: 38689347 PMCID: PMC11061947 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a major concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and the country's protracted crisis context exacerbates the problem. This political economy analysis examines the maternal and newborn health (MNH) prioritization in the DRC, focussing specifically on the conflict-affected regions of North and South Kivu. The aim is to understand the factors that facilitate or hinder the prioritization of MNH policy development and implementation by the Congolese government and other key actors at national level and in the provinces of North and South Kivu. METHODS Using a health policy triangle framework, data collection consisted of in-depth interviews with key actors at different levels of the health system, combined with a desk review. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive and then deductive approaches, exploring the content, process, actor dynamics, contextual factors and gender-related factors influencing MNH policy development and implementation. RESULTS The study highlighted the challenges of prioritizing policies in the face of competing health and security emergencies, limited resources and governance issues. The universal health coverage policy seems to offer hope for improving access to MNH services. Results also revealed the importance of international partnerships and global financial mechanisms in the development of MNH strategies. They reveal huge gender disparities in the MNH sector at all levels, and the need to consider cultural factors that can positively or negatively impact the success of MNH policies in crisis zones. CONCLUSIONS MNH is a high priority in DRC, yet implementation faces hurdles due to financial constraints, political influences, conflicts and gender disparities. Addressing these challenges requires tailored community-based strategies, political engagement, support for health personnel and empowerment of women in crisis areas for better MNH outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosine Nshobole Bigirinama
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Avenue Michombero No. 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.
- School of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.
- Ecole de Santé Publique, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | | | - Pacifique Lyabayungu Mwene-Batu
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Avenue Michombero No. 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- School of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- School of Medicine, Université de Kaziba, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Naoko Kozuki
- Airbel Impact Lab, International Rescue Committee, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Christian Zalinga Chiribagula
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Avenue Michombero No. 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Christine Murhim'alika Chimanuka
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Avenue Michombero No. 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Centre de Recherche Politiques, Systèmes de Santé, Santé Internationale (CR3), Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Avenue Michombero No. 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Centre de Recherche Politiques, Systèmes de Santé, Santé Internationale (CR3), Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Balaluka Bisimwa
- Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Avenue Michombero No. 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- School of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Cafaro G, Perricone C, Ronconi G, Calabria S, Dondi L, Dondi L, Pedrini A, Esposito I, Gerli R, Bartoloni E, Martini N. Primary Sjögren's syndrome in Italy: Real-world evidence of a rare disease through administrative healthcare data. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00064-5. [PMID: 38369445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease with significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiology, healthcare needs and related costs of pSS patients from the Italian National Health Service perspective. METHODS From the Fondazione Ricerca e Salute's database (∼5 million inhabitants/year), pSS prevalence in 2018 was calculated. Demographics, mean healthcare consumptions and direct costs at one year following index date (first in-hospital diagnosis/disease waiver claim) were analysed through an individual direct matched pair case-control analysis (age, sex, residency). RESULTS In Italy, 3.8/10,000 inhabitants were identified as affected by pSS (1,746 case: 1,746 controls) in 2018. In the year following index date, 53.7% of cases and 42.7% of controls received ≥1 drug (p<0.001); mean per capita cost was €501 and €161, respectively (p<0.01). At least one hospitalization occurred to 7.8% of cases and 3.9% of controls (p<0.001) with mean per capita costs of €416 and €129, respectively (p = 0.46). At least one outpatient specialist service was performed in 49.8% of cases and 30.6% of controls (p<0.001); mean per capita costs were €200 and €75, respectively (p<0.01). Overall, mean annual costs were €1,171 per case and €372 per control (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION According to results of this population-based study, the prevalence of pSS in Italy appears to be consistent with the definition of rare disease. Patients with pSS have higher pharmacological, in-hospital and outpatient specialist care needs, leading to three-times higher overall cost for the INHS, compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ronconi
- Fondazione Ricerca e Salute (ReS) - Research and Health Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Calabria
- Fondazione Ricerca e Salute (ReS) - Research and Health Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Letizia Dondi
- Fondazione Ricerca e Salute (ReS) - Research and Health Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Dondi
- Fondazione Ricerca e Salute (ReS) - Research and Health Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Pedrini
- Fondazione Ricerca e Salute (ReS) - Research and Health Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nello Martini
- Fondazione Ricerca e Salute (ReS) - Research and Health Foundation, Roma, Italy
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Calderón-Villarreal A. Taxing women's bodies: the state of menstrual product taxes in the Americas. Lancet Reg Health Am 2024; 29:100637. [PMID: 38077619 PMCID: PMC10701444 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The taxation of menstrual products has been identified as unfair, imposing economic burden on people who menstruate based simply on a biological difference. These taxes have been described as major contributors to menstrual poverty. Although they have been debated among governments, and a focus of political activism, academic literature has largely neglected the issue. Here I comprehensively reviewed the status of menstrual product taxes for all countries and populated territories in the Americas in 2022. Data from 57 countries and territories, and 78 states (those of the United States and Brazil) were included. Since 2012, 10 countries and territories have eliminated taxation on menstrual products-Jamaica, Canada, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, Colombia, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Ecuador, and Barbados. Nevertheless, menstrual product taxes were still applied in 63.2% of locations in 2022, with an average tax rate of 11.2% (ranging from 1.0% in Costa Rica to 22.0% in Uruguay). The average woman of reproductive age in the Americas experienced a menstrual product tax rate of 5.8% in 2022. In sum, despite activism and progress, most of the region continues to employ discriminatory taxation against people who menstruate, with particularly high taxation rates concentrated in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhelí Calderón-Villarreal
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Pandemic Periods Collective, Mexico
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Tubert-Jeannin S, Tsakos G. Platform for Better Oral health in Europe. Sante Publique 2023; 35:125-129. [PMID: 38040634 DOI: 10.3917/spub.hs1.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The Platform for Better Oral Health in Europe brings together five European organizations (Council of European Chief Dental Officers, Association for Dental Education in Europe, European Association of Dental Public Health, Pan European-International Association For Dental Research, Oral Health Foundation-UK) along with eighteen other associated European or national organizations. The platform aims to encourage oral health promotion and the prevention of oral diseases as fundamental components of good general health. The aim is thus to strengthen oral health promotion in Europe through integrating oral health into the relevant public health policies. It also aims to address the issue of oral health inequality, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents, older adults, and people with particular needs. The platform is therefore a European-level resource for providing evidence-based information on best practice in oral health promotion and for guiding oral health policies. It also works to reinforce communication at the European level between stakeholders, policy makers, health professionals, and the public, in order to improve awareness of oral health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Tubert-Jeannin
- Professor of Dental Public Health, Dental Faculty, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CROC, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France & Board Member of the Platform for Better Oral Health in Europe
| | - Georges Tsakos
- Professor of Dental Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom & Chair of the Platform for Better Oral Health in Europe
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Tapsoba Y, Ndokabilya E, Wema JC, Engels T, Paul É. Mapping and analysis of health financing in South Kivu province (DRC). Sante Publique 2023; 35:315-328. [PMID: 37848378 DOI: 10.3917/spub.233.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In South-Kivu, the health system is underfunded due to numerous constraints. Several initiatives have been tested but are insufficient for increasing and sustaining health financing. Purpose of research Analyze the health financing system in South-Kivu, through a mapping as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis of health financing mechanisms. Results The provincial health financing system is fragmented, with poorly coordinated mechanisms and interventions, leading to duplication of health system strengthening activities in addition to the absence of a mechanism for pooling external funding flows. Costs recovery (i.e. user fees) and external supports are the most widely used schemes while the government hardly contributes to the financing of the provincial health system. Mutual health insurance is supposed to improve access to health care, but its coverage is still extremely low. Results-Based Financing and free health care programs, fully financed by external donors, are irregular and insufficiently sustainable. Conclusions It would be critical to implement a strategic purchasing model that is anchored in local institutions, owned by all stakeholders, and integrating all existing financing mechanisms, which could be supported by a common fund supporting the provincial health system. The “Single Contract” initiative developed to harmonize, pool, and sustain external programs, could be a good basis in this respect. This would involve strengthening policy dialogue, developing an investment case to support resource mobilization and implementing a joint monitoring and evaluation platform for disbursements led by the provincial health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eustache Ndokabilya
- Coopération suisse – Direction du Développement et de la Coopération – Bukavu – RDC
| | | | | | - Élisabeth Paul
- Université Libre de Bruxelles – École de santé publique – Bruxelles – Belgique
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Wang K, Yu W, Song X. Do clean energy technologies, ecotourism, health policy, and green education help in achieving sustainability in China? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:105954-105966. [PMID: 37718368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development has become the foremost requirement for sustainable economic conditions all around the globe, and this aspect demands new literature and regulators' emphasis. Hence, the present research investigates the impact of clean energy technologies, human development, health policies, green education, and ecotourism policy on sustainable development in China from 1991 to 2021. The researchers investigate the association among the variables using dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL). The outcomes revealed that clean energy technologies, human development, health policies, green education, and ecotourism policy have positive linkages with sustainable development in China. The article provides guidelines to the policymakers in developing policies related to attain sustainable development using effective clean energy technologies, human development, health policies, green education, and ecotourism policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanlei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China.
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Ciampi E, Soler B, Uribe-San-Martin R, Jürgensen L, Guzman I, Keller K, Reyes A, Bravo-Grau S, Cruz JP, Cárcamo C. Socioeconomic, health-care access and clinical determinants of disease severity in Multiple Sclerosis in Chile. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104918. [PMID: 37562199 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MS severity may be affected by genetic, patient-related, disease-related and environmental factors. Socioeconomic status, including income and healthcare access, amongst others, may also have a role in affecting diagnostic delay or therapy prescription. In Chile, two main healthcare systems exist, public-healthcare and private-healthcare, nonetheless universal care laws (e.g., access to High Efficacy Therapy-HET), including both systems, have been recently enacted for people with MS. OBJECTIVE To assess the role of Socioeconomic Conditions (SEC), clinical variables and public health policies on the impact of disease severity of MS patients in Chile. METHODS Multicentric, observational, cross-sectional study including patients from two reference centres (1 national reference centre from the private-health system and 1 regional reference centre from the public-health system). SEC and clinical variables included healthcare insurance (private or public), subclassification of health insurance according to monthly income, sex, age at onset, diagnostic delay, disease duration, diagnosis before HET law (as a proxy of HET delay), and current HET treatment. Progression Index (PI), EDSS ≥6.0 and Progressive MS diagnosis were used as outcome measures. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed. RESULTS We included 604 patients (460 private-health, 144 public-health), 67% women, 100% white/mestizo, 88% RRMS, mean age 42±12 years, mean age at onset 32±11 years, mean disease duration 10±6 years, median diagnostic delay 0 (0-34) years, 86% currently receiving any DMT, 55% currently receiving HET, median EDSS at last visit of 2.0 (0-10), and median PI 0.17 (0-4.5). Lower monthly income was associated with higher EDSS and higher PI. In the multivariable analysis, public-healthcare (OR 10.2), being diagnosed before HET-law (OR 4.89), longer diagnostic delay (OR 1.26), and older age at onset (OR 1.05) were associated with a higher risk of PI>0.2, while current HET (OR 0.39) was a protective factor. Diagnosis before HET-law (OR 7.59), public-healthcare (OR 6.49), male sex (OR 2.56), longer disease duration (OR 1.2) and older age at onset (OR 1.1) were associated with a higher risk of Progressive MS. Public-healthcare (OR 5.54), longer disease duration (OR 1.14) and older age at onset (OR 1.08) were associated with a higher risk of EDSS ≥6.0 while current treatment with HET had a trend as being a protective factor (OR 0.44, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION MS severity is impacted by non-modifiable factors such as sex and age at onset. Interventions focused on shortening diagnostic delay and encouraging early access to high-efficacy therapies, as well as initiatives that may reduce the disparities inherent to lower socioeconomic status, may improve outcomes in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ciampi
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Neurology Service, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile.
| | - B Soler
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Neurology Service, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Uribe-San-Martin
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Neurology Service, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Jürgensen
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Guzman
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Keller
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Reyes
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Bravo-Grau
- Neurorradiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J P Cruz
- Neurorradiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Cárcamo
- Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Farantos GI, Koutsoukis NS. The influence of SYRIZA-ANEL Greek health policies on hospital efficiency. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:83. [PMID: 37608268 PMCID: PMC10463923 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyse the impact of the three following categories of Health Policies (HP) carried out by the Greek SYRIZA-ANEL governments on the efficiency of Greek public general hospitals. These governments have implemented policies intended to change the rate of contributions to publicly funded healthcare (PCnH), policies to affect the volume and quality of publicly funded health care (PVQH) and those intended to affect the costs of publicly funded healthcare (PCH). A literary review of the PCnH. PVQH and PCH policies of the Greek SYRIZA-ANEL governments was carried out and an efficiency window-DEA study was executed using data from the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Greek Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). METHODS The study was designed to assess the impact of PCnH. PVQH and PCH policies by the Greek SYRIZA-ANEL governments on the efficiency of Greek general hospitals. The data was collected from HEAL-Link scientific journals. Information on HPs was extracted from the work collected. The values of inputs and outputs used for the efficiency study were obtained from ELSTAT and Greek MoH databases. RESULTS HPs of the Greek SYRIZA-ANEL governments extend to all three HP categories of the sample used. These policies have a dual effect on both the inputs and outputs used in efficiency. Efficiency values exhibit fluctuations with good and bad years. The SYRIZA-ANEL governments seek to ensure more equality in access to health services. Some of the policies reduce costs and have a positive impact on efficiency, while others have the opposite effect. The increase in outputs achieved as a result of health policies is counter balanced by an increase in inputs. CONCLUSIONS The PCnH, PVQH and PCH policies of the SYRIZA-ANEL governance seem to have a dual orientation: some policies reduce the cost of a category and contain the total cost, thus positively contributing to an increase in efficiency. Certain policies are aimed more at fulfilling the criterion of equality in the provision of health services and thus the cost inevitably increases. From the window-DEA study, three relatively "good" years emerge (2015, 2016, 2018) and two "bad years" (2017, 2019). This analysis will be useful for further research on the effect of health policies on hospital efficiency in other countries and periods.
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Timmermans L, Golder E, Decat P, Foulon V, Van Hecke A, Schoenmakers B. Characteristics of self-management support (SMS) interventions and their impact on Quality of Life (QoL) in adults with chronic diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. Health Policy 2023; 135:104880. [PMID: 37536047 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of types and characteristics of self-management support (SMS) interventions in adults with chronic disease and to assess the impact on the patient reported outcome Quality of Life (QoL). METHODS An umbrella review of systematic reviews was conducted. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library from January 2016 to November 2020 for reviews on SMS interventions for chronic diseases, assessing the impact on the patient reported outcome QoL. Quality assessment was based on the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic reviews and Research Syntheses tool. RESULTS 28 reviews were included. The extensive literature review revealed a variety of SMS interventions. The most frequently cited target group for the interventions were individuals with diabetes. Interventions primarily took place in the home setting. Interventional components that were often incorporated were education, eHealth and mHealth technologies, and coaching techniques. Telephone communication was regularly reported as a type of intervention follow-up. The impact on QoL was mixed and no firm conclusions can be drawn. However, our review revealed a beneficial effect of education. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Interventions including educational components seem promising for supporting self-management and showed a beneficial effect on QoL. More research is needed to explore where, by whom and how interventions are ideally delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Timmermans
- Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 -Box 7001, Leuven 3000 Belgium.
| | - Elena Golder
- Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth Marjon University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Peter Decat
- General Practice and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Foulon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Hecke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Staff Member of the Department Nursing Director, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Birgitte Schoenmakers
- Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 -Box 7001, Leuven 3000 Belgium
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Slåtsveen RE, Wibe T, Halvorsrud L, Lund A. Interdisciplinary frontline teams in home-based healthcare services-paradoxes between organisational work structures and the trust model: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:715. [PMID: 37391763 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving access to quality healthcare services to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages is one of the United Nation's Sustainable Developments Goals. In view of this goal, sustainable community healthcare services in Norway need to be urgently restructured in light of demographic changes, including an increase in the percentage of older adults in the country. National healthcare policies recommend finding new ways to organise and perform services using new technology, new methods and new solutions. The goal is to ensure greater continuity in the provision of services and softer transitions that enable service users to deal with a smaller number of people. The trust model is one such suggested organisational approach. The goal of the trust model is to involve service users and their next of kin in decisions that concern them while also trusting frontline workers' professional judgement in assessing the need for services and adjusting them to address changes in the health of the users, thus making the services individually tailored and more flexible. This study aims to explore how organisational work structures influence the delivery of interdisciplinary home-based healthcare services. METHODS Observations, individual-, and focus groups interviews were conducted within community home-based healthcare services in a large Norwegian city with managers at different levels, nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, purchaser-unit employees and other healthcare workers. Data was analysed thematically. RESULTS The results are presented in terms of themes- "Balancing on the margins: Negotiations between the time available, users' needs, unforeseen events and administrative tasks" and "One gathered unit, but with different work structures". The results identify organisational work structures that influence the performance of the trust model with regard to its intention of making flexible and individually tailored services available. However, these structures are different for the members of the interdisciplinary team, thus creating several paradoxes that need to be negotiated while fulfilling their daily responsibilities. CONCLUSION This study suggests that it is crucial to pay attention to paradoxes and structures experienced by interdisciplinary frontline workers in home-based healthcare services, since they are unavoidable factors that need to be acknowledged when designing approaches for addressing the changes expected in community healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth-Ellen Slåtsveen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet- Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, PO Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway.
| | - Torunn Wibe
- Centre for Development of Institutional and Home Care Services in Oslo, PO Box 4716, Oslo, N- 0506, Norway
| | - Liv Halvorsrud
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet- Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, PO Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway
| | - Anne Lund
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology- Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet- Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, PO Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway
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Rød H, Gomperts R, Atay H, Tersbøl BP. "In some clinics, they said it's elective, and then they would refuse": A Mixed-Methods Study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to abortion services in Germany. Sex Reprod Healthc 2023; 36:100854. [PMID: 37207395 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The World Health Organization recognizes abortion as essential health care and has encouraged governments to ensure access to abortion services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the threat of infection combined with government responses to COVID-19 have impacted access to abortion services globally. This study explores access to abortion in Germany during the pandemic. METHODS This study used a mixed-methods design. An analysis of data collected by Women on Web (WoW) was carried out to assess women's reasons for choosing telemedicine abortion outside the formal health system in Germany during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were generated for 2057 requests for telemedicine abortion received by WoW between March 2020-March 2021. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight healthcare professionals involved in the provision of abortion services to explore how they perceive of women's access to abortion services in Germany during the pandemic. RESULTS The quantitative analysis found that preferences and needs for privacy (47.3%), secrecy (44.4%) and comfort (43.9%) were the most common reasons for choosing telemedicine abortion. COVID-19 was another important reason (38.8%). The thematic analysis of the interviews was organized into two overarching themes: service provision, and axes of difference. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic affected the provision of abortion services as well as the circumstances of women seeking abortion. The main barriers to access were financial constraints, privacy issues, and lack of abortion providers. Throughout the pandemic, accessing abortion services was more difficult for many women in Germany, especially women experiencing multiple and overlapping forms of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Rød
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 København K, Denmark.
| | | | - Hazal Atay
- CEVIPOF, Sciences Po Paris, 1, Place St Thomas d'Aquin, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Britt Pinkowski Tersbøl
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 København K, Denmark.
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Berger M. Substance use disorder prevention and treatment and health coverage can bolster school violence prevention. Prev Med 2023; 168:107427. [PMID: 36708817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Berger
- Department of Health & Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, 12th Floor, Rockville, MD, United States of America.
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Montoya A, Gallardo-Rincón H, Silva-Tinoco R, García-Cerde R, Razo C, Ong L, Stafford L, Lenox H, Tapia-Conyer R. Type 2 diabetes epidemic in Mexico. Burden of disease 1990-2021 analysis and implications for public policies. GAC MED MEX 2023; 159:474-486. [PMID: 38386876 DOI: 10.24875/gmm.m24000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexico faces a challenge due to the burden imposed by type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE To analyze T2D epidemiology and burden in Mexico from 1990 to 2021, at the national and state levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, fatal and non-fatal burden. Metabolic, environmental and behavioral factors were considered. Comparative analyses were carried out by gender, age and state of the country. RESULTS The prevalence of T2D increased by 25%. The incidence increased in those younger than 45 years, with a mortality decrease being found among women. The rate of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) showed an increase in all states, from 45.2% in Nuevo León to 237.6% in Tabasco. In 2021, T2D caused the loss of 3.1 million DALYs, which accounted for 6.6% of total burden in Mexico, out of which 64% was due to premature deaths. Diabetic neuropathy affected 47%, and there were 270,000 cases of visual impairment; 66.3% of the burden was attributed to obesity. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive policies are urgently needed in order to reduce the burden of T2D in Mexico, through standardized guidelines, evidence-based strategies and technological resources that improve medical care accessibility and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubén Silva-Tinoco
- Clinic Specialized in the Management of Diabetes in Mexico City, Servicios de Salud Pública de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Razo
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Liane Ong
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lauryn Stafford
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hailey Lenox
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Godoy C, Paixão DC, Boa-Sorte NCA, Amorim T, da Silva Filho LVRF, Souza EL. Five-year performance analysis of a cystic fibrosis newborn screening program in northeastern Brazil. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:23-30. [PMID: 35679883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the performance of the cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening (NBS) program over its first five years in a Brazilian northeastern state. METHOD A population-based study using a screening algorithm based on immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT. Data were retrieved from the state referral screening center registry. The program performance was evaluated using descriptive indicators such as the results of an active search, coverage, newborn's age at the time of blood sampling, the time between sample collection and its arrival at the laboratory, and the child's age at diagnosis of disease. RESULTS The public CF screening program covered 82.6% of the 1,017,576 births that occurred, with an accumulated five-year incidence of 1:20,767 live births. The median (25th-75th) age at diagnosis was 3.5 (2.3-7.3) months. The sampling before 7 days of life for the first IRT (IRT1) increased between 2013 and 2017 from 42.2 to 48.3%. Around 5% of IRT1 samples and 30% of the second samples were collected after 30 days of life. In the first and second stages of screening, 23.6% and 19.9% of the infants, respectively, were lost to follow-up. In both stages of screening, the samples were retained at the health units for a median (25th-75th) of 9.0 (7.0-13.0) days. CONCLUSIONS The coverage by the CF-NBS program was satisfactory as compared to other Brazilian state rates and the percentage of IRT1 samples collected within the first week of life increased progressively. However, time of samples retention at the health units, inappropriate sampling, inherent methodological problems, and loss of follow-up need to improve.
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Bruxel MA, da Silva FN, da Silva RA, Zimath PL, Rojas A, Moreira ELG, Quesada I, Rafacho A. Preconception exposure to malathion and glucose homeostasis in rats: Effects on dams during pregnancy and post-term periods, and on their progeny. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120633. [PMID: 36370973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the individual and global impact of pesticides on human physiology and the different stages of life is still a challenge in environmental health. We analyzed here whether administration of the organophosphate insecticide malathion before pregnancy could affect glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and, in addition, generate possible later consequences in mothers and offspring. For this, adult Wistar rats were allocated into two groups and were treated daily (intragastric) with malathion (14 or 140 mg/kg, body mass (bm)) for 21-25 days. Corn oil was used as vehicle in the Control group. Subgroups were defined based on the absence (nulliparous) or presence (pregnant) of a copulatory plug. Pregnant rats were followed by an additional period of 2 months after the term (post-term), without continuing malathion treatment. Fetuses and adult offspring of males and females were also evaluated. We ran an additional experimental design with rats exposed to malathion before pregnancy at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg bm. Malathion exposure resulted in glucose intolerance in the mothers during pregnancy and post-term period, regardless of the exposure dose. This was accompanied by increased visceral adipose tissue mass, dyslipidemia, unchanged pancreatic β-cell mass, and varying insulin responses to glucose in vivo. The number of total newborns and birthweight was not affected by malathion exposure. Adult offspring from both sexes also became glucose-intolerant, regardless of the pesticide dose their dams were exposed to. This alteration could be associated with changes at the epigenomic level, as reduced hepatic mRNA content of DNA methylases and demethylases was found. We demonstrated that periconceptional exposure to malathion with doses aiming to mimic from work environment to indirect contamination predisposes progenitors and offspring rats to glucose intolerance. Thus, we conclude that subchronic exposure to malathion is a risk factor for gestational diabetes and prediabetes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciel Alencar Bruxel
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia Natividade da Silva
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Center of Epigenetic Study and Gene Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University - UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Laiz Zimath
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Luis Gasnhar Moreira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Rowe BR, Canosa A, Meslem A, Rowe F. Increased airborne transmission of COVID-19 with new variants, implications for health policies. Build Environ 2022; 219:109132. [PMID: 35578697 PMCID: PMC9095081 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New COVID-19 variants, either of higher viral load such as delta or higher contagiousness like omicron, can lead to higher airborne transmission than historical strains. This paper highlights their implications for health policies, based on a clear analytical understanding and modeling of the airborne contamination paths, of the dose following exposure, and the importance of the counting unit for pathogens, itself linked to the dose-response law. Using the counting unit of Wells, i.e. the quantum of contagium, we develop the conservation equation of quanta which allows deriving the value of the quantum concentration at steady state for a well-mixed room. The link with the monitoring concentration of carbon dioxide is made and used for a risk analysis of a variety of situations for which we collected CO2 time-series observations. The main conclusions of these observations are that 1) the present norms of ventilation, are both insufficient and not respected, especially in a variety of public premises, leading to high risk of contamination and that 2) air can often be considered well-mixed. Finally, we insist that public health policy in the field of airborne transmission should be based on a multi parameter analysis such as the time of exposure, the quantum production rate, mask wearing and the infector proportion in the population in order to evaluate the risk, considering the whole complexity of dose evaluation. Recognizing airborne transmission requires thinking in terms of time of exposure rather than in terms of proximal distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand R Rowe
- Rowe Consulting, 22 chemin des moines, 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer, France
| | - André Canosa
- CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Amina Meslem
- Université de Rennes, LGCGM, 3 Rue du Clos Courtel, BP 90422, 35704, Rennes, CEDEX 7, France
| | - Frantz Rowe
- Nantes Université, LEMNA, Nantes, France
- SKEMA Business School, KTO, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Imam T, Uddin S. How do economic and public finance statuses affect policy responses during a pandemic? - learning from the COVID-19 first wave. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:785. [PMID: 35440081 PMCID: PMC9016378 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the time of a pandemic, it is typical for public health bodies to collaborate with epidemiologists to design health policies both at national and international levels for controlling the spread. A point largely overlooked in literature is the extent economic capability and public finance status can influence the policy responses of countries during a pandemic situation. This article fills this gap by considering 12 public health and 7 economic measures (i.e., policies) in 200 countries during the COVID-19 first wave, with countries grouped across income categories. METHODS We apply statistical analysis, inclusive of regression models, to assess the impact of economic capability and public finance status on policy responses. Multiple open-access datasets are used in this research, and information from the hybrid sources are cumulated as samples. In our analysis, we consider variables including population characteristics (population size, density) and economic and public finance status (GDR, current account balance, government surplus/deficit) further to policy responses across public health and economic measures. Additionally, we consider infection rates across countries and the institution of the measures relative to infection rate. RESULTS Results suggest that countries from all income groups have favoured public health measures like school closures and travel bans, and economic measures like influencing interest rates. However, strong economy countries have more adopted technological monitoring than low-income countries. Contrarily, low-income countries have preferred traditional measures like curfew and obligatory mask-wearing. GDP per capita was a statistically significant factor influencing the institution of both public health and economic measures. Government finance statuses like current account balance and surplus/deficit were also significant factors influencing economic measures. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the research reveals that, further to biological characteristics, policymakers and epidemiologists can consider the economic and public finance contexts when suggesting health responses to a pandemic. This, in turn, calls for more international cooperation on economic terms further to public health terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasadduq Imam
- School of Business and Law, CQUniversity (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Shahadat Uddin
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Forest Lodge, NSW, 2037, Australia
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Hosseinichimeh N, MacDonald R, Li K, Fell JC, Haynie DL, Simons-Morton B, Banz BC, Camenga DR, Iannotti RJ, Curry L, Dziura J, Mayes LC, Andersen DF, Vaca FE. Mapping the complex causal mechanisms of drinking and driving behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Soc Sci Med 2022; 296:114732. [PMID: 35078103 PMCID: PMC8925313 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of motor vehicle crash fatalities involving alcohol-impaired drivers declined substantially between 1982 and 1997, but progress stopped after 1997. The systemic complexity of alcohol-impaired driving contributes to the persistence of this problem. This study aims to identify and map key feedback mechanisms that affect alcohol-impaired driving among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. METHODS We apply the system dynamics approach to the problem of alcohol-impaired driving and bring a feedback perspective for understanding drivers and inhibitors of the problem. The causal loop diagram (i.e., map of dynamic hypotheses about the structure of the system producing observed behaviors over time) developed in this study is based on the output of two group model building sessions conducted with multidisciplinary subject-matter experts bolstered with extensive literature review. RESULTS The causal loop diagram depicts diverse influences on youth impaired driving including parents, peers, policies, law enforcement, and the alcohol industry. Embedded in these feedback loops are the physical flow of youth between the categories of abstainers, drinkers who do not drive after drinking, and drinkers who drive after drinking. We identify key inertial factors, discuss how delay and feedback processes affect observed behaviors over time, and suggest strategies to reduce youth impaired driving. CONCLUSION This review presents the first causal loop diagram of alcohol-impaired driving among adolescents and it is a vital first step toward quantitative simulation modeling of the problem. Through continued research, this model could provide a powerful tool for understanding the systemic complexity of impaired driving among adolescents, and identifying effective prevention practices and policies to reduce youth impaired driving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rod MacDonald
- School of Integrated Sciences, James Madison University
| | - Kaigang Li
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University
| | | | - Denise L Haynie
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
| | | | - Barbara C Banz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine,Yale Developmental Neurocognitive Driving Simulation Research Center (DrivSim Lab), Yale School of Medicine
| | - Deepa R Camenga
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine,Yale Developmental Neurocognitive Driving Simulation Research Center (DrivSim Lab), Yale School of Medicine
| | | | - Leslie Curry
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health
| | - James Dziura
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - David F Andersen
- Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, University at Albany—SUNY
| | - Federico E. Vaca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine,Yale Developmental Neurocognitive Driving Simulation Research Center (DrivSim Lab), Yale School of Medicine,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
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Mundt AP, Martínez P, Jaque S, Irarrázaval M. The effects of national mental health plans on mental health services development in Chile: retrospective interrupted time series analyses of national databases between 1990 and 2017. Int J Ment Health Syst 2022; 16:5. [PMID: 35090504 PMCID: PMC8796422 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-022-00519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe changes in mental health services in Chile between 1990 and 2017, and to retrospectively assess the effects of national mental health plans (NMHPs) on mental health services development during this period. METHODS Service data (beds in psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric beds in general hospitals, forensic psychiatric beds, beds in protected housing facilities, psychiatric day hospital places, and outpatient mental health care centers) were retrieved from government sources in Chile. Data were reported as rates per 100,000 population. We conducted interrupted time series analyses, using ordinary least-square regressions with Newey-West standard errors, to assess the effects of the 1993 and 2000 NMPHs on mental health services development. RESULTS Rates of short- and long-stay beds in psychiatric hospitals (per 100,000 population) were reduced from 4.3 to 3.2 and from 19.0 to 2.0 over the entire time span, respectively. The strongest reduction of short- and long-stay beds in psychiatric hospitals was seen between the 1993 and 2000 NMHPs (annual removal of - 0.14 and - 1.03, respectively). We observed increased rates of psychiatric beds in general hospitals from 1.8 to 4.0, beds in protected housing facilities from 0.4 to 10.2, psychiatric day hospital places from 0.4 to 5.0, outpatient mental health care centers from 0.1 to 0.8 and forensic psychiatric beds from 0.3 to 1.1 over the entire time span. The strongest annual increase of rates of psychiatric beds in general hospitals (0.09), beds in protected housing facilities (0.50), psychiatric day hospital places (0.16) and outpatient mental health care centers (0.04) were observed after the 2000 NMHP. Forensic psychiatric beds increased in the year 2007 (0.58) due to the opening of a new facility. CONCLUSIONS The majority of acute care psychiatric beds in Chile now are based in general hospitals. The strong removal of short- and long-stay beds from psychiatric hospitals after the 1993 NMHP preceded substantial expansion of more modern mental health services in general hospitals and in the community. Only after the 2000 NMHP, the implementation of new mental health services gained momentum. Reiterative policies are needed to readjust mental health services development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Mundt
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército 233, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Psicomedica, Clinical and Research Group, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Jaque
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Irarrázaval
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
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22
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Martini M, Orsini D. Achille Sclavo (1861-1930) and His Innovative Contributions to Italian Preventive Medicine and Healthcare Policy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021. [PMID: 34822143 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Achille Sclavo was a scientist with a multifaceted personality; throughout his life, he steadfastly maintained his commitment to research and teaching, while also gaining precious experience as an educator, politician and entrepreneur. He carried forward these various activities with the aim of bringing relief to a country smitten by epidemic diseases, of spreading the gospel of hygiene, and of creating and training medical and healthcare personnel that would be able to tackle the difficult problem of public health in Italy at the beginning of the twentieth century. In this regard, Achille Sclavo can undoubtedly be considered a precursor of modern public health and preventive medicine.
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Modesti PA, Marzotti I, Calabrese M, Stefani L, Toncelli L, Modesti A, Galanti G, Boddi M. Gender differences in acculturation and cardiovascular disease risk-factor changes among Chinese immigrants in Italy: Evidence from a large population-based cohort. Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev 2021; 11:200112. [PMID: 34746933 PMCID: PMC8561312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2021.200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent decades, the Chinese presence in Southern Europe has grown rapidly but no data is available on the influence that residing in Mediterranean countries has on Chinese immigrants. In this study, we aim to examine the association between acculturation and cardiovascular risk factors among first-generation Chinese immigrants in Italy. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Methods A sample of 2589 Chinese first-generation immigrants (1599 women and 990 men) living in Prato, Italy, underwent blood pressure measurement, blood tests (with measurement of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides), and anthropometric measurements. The influence of length of residence (dependent variable) on hypertension, type 2 diabetes, overweight/obesity, and hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) (independent variables) was investigated with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, education and urban/rural home area in China before migration. Results Mean age of Chinese participants was 47.2 ± 10.7 years and 61.7% were women. Immigrants residing in Italy for ≥20 years were more likely to be hypertensive [odd ratio (OR) 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33 to 2.59], or diabetic (1.91; 1.26 to 2.86) than those residing in Italy for <10 years. Differently, prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol≥240 mg/dl) was lower in immigrants residing in Italy for ≥20 years than in those with <10 years of residence (0.52; 0.32 to 0.83). The association between indicators of acculturation and cardiovascular risk factors appeared to differ by sex. Conclusion Acculturation of Chinese immigrants in Italy was associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes whereas a favorable effect on hypercholesterolemia was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Calabrese
- UO Diabetologia, Ospedale Misericordia e Dolce, Prato, Italy
| | - Laura Stefani
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Loira Toncelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche Mario Serio, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galanti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Boddi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Wang JSH, Peng C, Luo H, Zhang J, Oh H. Containment, Health, and Social Policies in the Time of COVID-19 - Patterns and Determinants of Initial Reponses from Spring 2020 Across 120 Countries. Health Policy Plan 2021; 36:1613-1624. [PMID: 34536271 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented number of policy responses around the world across multiple policy domains. While governments have combined containment and health policies with social policies (CHSP) during the initial phase of the pandemic in various ways, current literature offers little knowledge of the patterns of these combinations and their determinants and outcomes. This paper fills this gap by investigating CHSP combinations across more than 120 countries. We further examined whether the CHSP policy response was determined by political regimes or compensation hypotheses-serving the purposes of responding to pre-existing economic downturns, inequality, or social unrest. We also investigated the associations between CHSP responses and mobility, virus infection, and unemployment. Using policy data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, results from sequence analysis indicated that governments' CHSP responses could be clustered into five categories: high social policies (SP), middle SP, containment and health (CH) leading SP, low SP, and gradual high SP. We used multinomial regression models to investigate determinants of CHSP responses. We found that CHSP policy responses did not differ by political regime, and CHSP combinations were not driven by compensation hypotheses. Instead, GDP per capita and government effectiveness were the key drivers for high levels of policy responses. We also found that low SP responses were associated with fewer mobility changes. Taken together, our findings suggest that lower income countries required more support and resources in order for them to adopt necessary CH and SP responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California
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25
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Bretas G, Renna NL, Bines J. Practical considerations for expediting breast cancer treatment in Brazil. Lancet Reg Health Am 2021; 2:100028. [PMID: 36779036 PMCID: PMC9904000 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients in Brazil continue to present with late-stage breast cancer. Notwithstanding these figures, policies and programs to overcome this long-lasting scenario have had limited results. We enlist the main barriers for advancing breast cancer diagnosis in Brazil, based on the available evidence, and we propose feasible strategies that may serve as a platform to address this major public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bretas
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Grupo Oncoclínicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Bines
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Corresponding author.
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Teixeira da Silva JA. Adjusting the use of preprints to accommodate the 'quality' factor in response to COVID-19. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:477-481. [PMID: 34408603 PMCID: PMC8348262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preprints are typically crude precursors of peer-reviewed papers that are placed almost immediately, save for some superficial screening, on an open-access repository to allow the information to reach readers quickly, circumventing the long-drawn process typically associated with processing in peer-reviewed journals. For early-career researchers who might be enthusiastic about obtaining some recognition for their efforts, or wanting open and public input about their work, preprints are certainly a useful publication choice. However, if health-related data and information have not been carefully scrutinised, they may pose a risk and may even serve as a source of public health misinformation. Surging growth and competition among preprint servers, coupled with a massive volume of COVID-19-related preprints, mainly on bioRxiv and medRxiv, as well as select indexing now being tested on PubMed, suggests that preprints are being increasingly used in the biomedical sciences. Stronger and more robust ethical policies are needed to screen preprints before they are released to the public, and even if this implies a slight delay in publication, it may increase academics' trust in this form of scientific information and communication. Clear and stringent ethical policies need to be urgently introduced by ethics groups such as COPE and the ICMJE, whose many member journals allow preprints to be posted before traditional peer review. Stringent ethical guidelines that treat misconduct equally in preprints and peer-reviewed papers will boost the integrity of academic publishing.
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Alcaraz A, Pichon-Riviere A, Palacios A, Bardach A, Balan DJ, Perelli L, Augustovski F, Ciapponi A. Sugar sweetened beverages attributable disease burden and the potential impact of policy interventions: a systematic review of epidemiological and decision models. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1460. [PMID: 34315428 PMCID: PMC8317409 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 184,000 deaths per year could be attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption worldwide. Epidemiological and decision models are important tools to estimate disease burden. The purpose of this study was to identify models to assess the burden of diseases attributable to SSBs consumption or the potential impact of health interventions. METHODS We carried out a systematic review and literature search up to August 2018. Pairs of reviewers independently selected, extracted, and assessed the quality of the included studies through an exhaustive description of each model's features. Discrepancies were solved by consensus. The inclusion criteria were epidemiological or decision models evaluating SSBs health interventions or policies, and descriptive SSBs studies of decision models. Studies published before 2003, cost of illness studies and economic evaluations based on individual patient data were excluded. RESULTS We identified a total of 2766 references. Out of the 40 included studies, 45% were models specifically developed to address SSBs, 82.5% were conducted in high-income countries and 57.5% considered a health system perspective. The most common model's outcomes were obesity/overweight (82.5%), diabetes (72.5%), cardiovascular disease (60%), mortality (52.5%), direct medical costs (57.35%), and healthy years -DALYs/QALYs- (40%) attributable to SSBs. 67.5% of the studies modelled the effect of SSBs on the outcomes either entirely through BMI or through BMI plus diabetes independently. Models were usually populated with inputs from national surveys -such us obesity prevalence, SSBs consumption-; and vital statistics (67.5%). Only 55% reported results by gender and 40% included children; 30% presented results by income level, and 25% by selected vulnerable groups. Most of the models evaluated at least one policy intervention to reduce SSBs consumption (92.5%), taxes being the most frequent strategy (75%). CONCLUSIONS There is a wide range of modelling approaches of different complexity and information requirements to evaluate the burden of disease attributable to SSBs. Most of them take into account the impact on obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, mortality, and economic impact. Incorporating these tools to different countries could result in useful information for decision makers and the general population to promote a deeper implementation of policies to reduce SSBs consumption. PROSPERO PROTOCOL NUMBER CRD42020121025 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alcaraz
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Pichon-Riviere
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Palacios
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Bardach
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Javier Balan
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Perelli
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Augustovski
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ciapponi
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS) /Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lee L, Mou F, Um Boock A, Fellinghauer C, Kohls M, Cieza A, Sabariego C. Identifying key environmental barriers experienced by persons with mild, moderate, or severe disability in Bankim Health District, Cameroon: a policy-targeted secondary analysis of data obtained with the World Bank and WHO model disability survey. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:95. [PMID: 34099049 PMCID: PMC8183069 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive data is key for evidence-informed policy aiming to improve the lives of persons experiencing different levels of disability. The objective of this paper was to identify the environmental barriers - including physical, social, attitudinal, and political barriers - that might become priorities for cross-cutting policies and policies tailored to the needs of persons experiencing severe disability in Cameroon. METHODS A secondary analysis of data obtained with the WHO Model Disability Survey was completed in the Bankim Health District (N = 559) using random forest regression to determine and compare the impact of the environmental factors on the experience of disability. RESULTS The physical environment had by far the highest influence on disability, with transportation, toilet of the dwelling, and the dwelling itself being the most important factors. Factors inside one's own home (toilet of the dwelling, and the dwelling itself) were the most important for persons with moderate and severe disability, followed by attitudes of others and issues with accessing health care. CONCLUSION Our study provides country policy makers with evidence for setting priorities and for the development of evidence-informed policies for the Bankim Health District in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Lee
- Sensory Functions, Disability and Rehabilitation (SDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carolina Fellinghauer
- Sensory Functions, Disability and Rehabilitation (SDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mirjam Kohls
- Sensory Functions, Disability and Rehabilitation (SDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Alarcos Cieza
- Sensory Functions, Disability and Rehabilitation (SDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carla Sabariego
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Center for Rehabilitation in Global Health Systems, WHO Collaborating Center, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Ahmed J, Schneider CH, Alam A, Raynes-Greenow C. An analysis of the impact of newborn survival policies in Pakistan using a policy triangle framework. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:86. [PMID: 34034745 PMCID: PMC8146989 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pakistan has made slow progress towards reducing the newborn mortality burden; as a result, it has the highest burden of newborn mortality worldwide. This article presents an analysis of the current policies, plans, and strategies aimed at reducing the burden of newborn death in Pakistan for the purpose of identifying current policy gaps and contextual barriers towards proposing policy solutions for improved newborn health. Methods We begin with a content analysis of federal-level policies that address newborn mortality within the context of health system decentralization over the last 20 years. This is then followed by a case study analysis of policy and programme responses in a predominantly rural province of Pakistan, again within the context of broader health system decentralization. Finally, we review successful policies in comparable countries to identify feasible and effective policy choices that hold promise for implementation in Pakistan, considering the policy constraints we have identified. Results The major health policies aimed at reduction of newborn mortality, following Pakistan’s endorsement of global newborn survival goals and targets, lacked time-bound targets. We found confusion around roles and responsibilities of institutions in the implementation process and accountability for the outcomes, which was exacerbated by an incomplete decentralization of healthcare policy-making and health service delivery, particularly for women around birth, and newborns. Such wide gaps in the areas of target-setting, implementation mechanism, and evaluation could be because the policy-making largely ignored international commitments and lessons of successful policy-making in comparable regional counties. Conclusions Inclusion of clear goals and targets in newborn survival policies and plans, completion of the decentralization process of maternal and child healthcare service delivery, and policy-making and implementation by translating complex evidence and using regional but locally applicable case studies will be essential to any effective policy-making on newborn survival in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain. .,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Carmen Huckel Schneider
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ashraful Alam
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Camille Raynes-Greenow
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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30
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Tapera O, Dreyer G, Nyakabau AM, Kadzatsa W, Stray-Pedersen B, Hendricks SJH. Model strategies to address barriers to cervical cancer treatment and palliative care among women in Zimbabwe: a public health approach. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 33906670 PMCID: PMC8077905 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer treatment and care remains limited in Zimbabwe despite the growing burden of the disease among women. This study was aimed at investigating strategies to address barriers in accessing treatment and care by women with cervical cancer in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods A qualitative inquiry was conducted to generate evidence for this study. Eighty-four (84) participants were purposively selected for interviews and participation in focus group discussions. The participants were selected from cervical cancer patients, caregivers of cervical cancer patients, health workers involved in the care of cervical cancer patients as well as relevant policy makers in the Ministry of Health and Child Care. Participants were selected in such as a way as to ensure different of characteristics to obtain diverse perspectives about the issues under study. Discussion and interview guides were used as data collection tools and discussions/interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted using Dedoose software. Results Salient sub-themes that emerged in the study at the individual patient level were: provision of free or subsidized services, provision of transport to treating health facilities and provision of accommodation to patients undergoing treatment. At the societal level, the sub-themes were: strengthening of health education in communities and training of health workers and community engagement. Salient sub-themes from the national health system level were: establishment of more screening and treatment health facilities, increasing the capacities of existing facilities, decentralization of some services, building of multidisciplinary teams of health workers, development and rolling out of standardized guidelines and reformation of Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) levy into a fund that would finance priority disease areas. Conclusion This study revealed some noteworthy strategies to improve access to cervical cancer treatment and care in low-income settings. Improved domestic investments in health systems and reforming health policies underpinned on strong political are recommended. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-021-01322-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Tapera
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Greta Dreyer
- Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Webster Kadzatsa
- Radiotherapy Centre, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Babill Stray-Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Womens' Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen James Heinrich Hendricks
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oral Health Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa
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Duarte C, Salazar A, Strasser-Weippl K, de Vries E, Wiesner C, Arango-Gutiérrez A, Krush L, Goss PE. Breast cancer in Colombia: a growing challenge for the healthcare system. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:15-24. [PMID: 33611666 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To provide a comprehensive overview of breast cancer in Colombia. METHODS Data on breast cancer in Colombia are scarce. We present incidence data from population-based cancer registries that represent 4 distinct regions of the country. Other data originate from non-governmental institutions and healthcare providers within Colombia, official sources, expert opinion, Colombian legislation, and the Cancer Mortality Atlas publishes by Colombian National Cancer Institute. RESULTS In Colombia, the age-standardized incidence rate remained relatively stable between 2012 and 2020 (43.1 to 47.8 cases per 100,000 women-years); Additionally, survival since 1995 has presented a substantial improvement from 65.7 to 72.1. In 33% of cases, the diagnosis of breast cancer was made in advanced stages, stage III or higher. The health demography survey conducted in 2015 showed that the participation in mammography screening in women aged 40 to 69 remains low 48.1%. Some limitations regarding access to early detection and diagnosis include economic strata, health insurance coverage, origin, and accessibility. On average, a 90-day period was reported from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of breast cancer. CONCLUSION The first action towards improving outcomes in breast cancer should be to improve stage at diagnosis and timely access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Duarte
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia
| | | | | | - Esther de Vries
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia
| | | | - Angélica Arango-Gutiérrez
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia
| | - Lindsay Krush
- Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul E Goss
- Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA.
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Dos Santos MBF, Pires ALC, Saporiti JM, Kinalski MA, Marchini L. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on oral health procedures provided by the Brazilian public health system: COVID-19 and oral health in Brazil. Health Policy Technol 2021; 10:135-42. [PMID: 33585171 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the number of dental procedures performed in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) during the first wave of COVID-19 in Brazil (1st semester of 2020) and compare it with the same period of 2019. Methods A retrospective study was conducted based on the SUS Dataset (DATASUS). Descriptive analysis of the number of dental procedures and socio-demographic regions was presented and the number of dental procedures during the first semester of 2020 was compared to 2019, using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (α = 0.05). The number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths were also retrieved from DATASUS. Results Dental procedures decreased from 47 million in the first semester of 2019 to 15 million in 2020, representing an overall decrease of about 66%. Statistically significant differences were observed for the numbers of procedures regarding preventive actions related to oral health (-84.53%; p < 0.001), primary care (-60.69%; p < 0.001), endodontic specialized care (-52.50%; p < 0.001), and periodontal and oral surgery specialized care (-54.57%; p < 0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic also reduced by half the number of oral health procedures provided by the SUS in almost all Brazilian states regardless of whether these states had a large number of confirmed cases or deaths. Future policies are recommended in order to reduce the negative impact of the suspension of dental services on the oral health of the population.
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Lee AA, Ingram M, Quijada C, Yubeta A, Cortez I, Lothrop N, Beamer P. Responsibility for chemical exposures: perspectives from small beauty salons and auto shops in southern metropolitan Tucson. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:271. [PMID: 33530969 PMCID: PMC7851808 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Throughout the United States, low-wage, minority workers are disproportionately affected by occupational illnesses and injuries. Chronic exposure to hazardous chemicals at work can lead to serious illnesses, contributing to health inequities. In this article, we expand on theories of ‘responsibilization’ in an occupational health context to reveal how responsibilities for workplace chemical exposures are negotiated by workers and owners in Latinx-owned small businesses. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with a total of 22 workers and owners in auto repair shops and beauty salons – two high-risk industries – in Southern Metropolitan Tucson. Participants were asked about their insights into workplace chemical exposures and health. A qualitative analysis team with representation from all study partner organizations collectively coded and reviewed the interview data in QSR International’s NVivo 11 and identified overarching themes across the interviews. Results We identified three primary themes: 1) ambivalence toward risks in the workplace; 2) shifting responsibilities for exposure protection at work; and 3) reflections on the system behind chemical exposure risks. Participants discussed the complexities that small businesses face in reducing chemical exposures. Conclusions Through our analysis of the interviews, we examine how neoliberal occupational and environmental policies funnel responsibility for controlling chemical exposures down to individuals in small businesses with limited resources, obscuring the power structures that maintain environmental health injustices. We conclude with a call for upstream policy changes that more effectively regulate and hold accountable the manufacturers of chemical products used daily by small business workers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10336-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Lee
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Maia Ingram
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Carolina Quijada
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Imelda Cortez
- Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan Lothrop
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paloma Beamer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Miralles O, Sanchez-Rodriguez D, Marco E, Annweiler C, Baztan A, Betancor É, Cambra A, Cesari M, Fontecha BJ, Gąsowski J, Gillain S, Hope S, Phillips K, Piotrowicz K, Piro N, Sacco G, Saporiti E, Surquin M, Vall-Llosera E. Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:193-204. [PMID: 33057981 PMCID: PMC7557304 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The United Nations (UN) has published a Policy Brief on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that identifies policies and responses to protect older adults. Our objective was to summarize actions, health policies and clinical guidelines adopted by six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom) during the pandemic, and to assess the impact of national policies on reducing adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in older populations. METHODS Reports by geriatricians on the measures and actions undertaken by governmental institutions in each country between March and July 2020, as well as the role of primary care during the pandemic, covered three areas: (a) general health strategies related to the pandemic; (b) impact of COVID-19 on health inequity; and (c) initiatives and challenges for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. RESULTS In the six countries, COVID-19 mortality in nursing homes ranged from 26 to 66%. Although all countries endorsed the World Health Organization general recommendations, the reports identified the lack of harmonized European guidelines and policies for nursing homes, with competencies transferred to national (or regional) governments. All countries restricted visits in nursing homes, but no specific action plans were provided. The role of primary care was limited by the centralization of the crisis in hospital settings. CONCLUSIONS The older population has been greatly affected by COVID-19 and by the policies initiated to control its spread. The right to health and dignity are transgenerational; chronological age should not be the sole criterion in policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Miralles
- Geriatrics and Palliative Care Department, Hospital General de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat-Consorci Sanitari Integral, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Josep Molins, 29 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08906, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dolores Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Clinical Research Unit, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Geriatrics Department, Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Marco
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Departament, Parc de Salut Mar. Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
- UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ainhoa Baztan
- Primary Care Center La Florida, Costa Ponent Unit, Institut Català de La Salut, Catalan Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Évora Betancor
- Geriatrics and Palliative Care Department, Hospital General de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat-Consorci Sanitari Integral, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Josep Molins, 29 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08906, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Cambra
- Geriatrics and Palliative Care Department, Hospital General de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat-Consorci Sanitari Integral, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Josep Molins, 29 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08906, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benito J Fontecha
- Geriatrics and Palliative Care Department, Hospital General de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat-Consorci Sanitari Integral, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Josep Molins, 29 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08906, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerzy Gąsowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sophie Gillain
- Geriatrics Department, Liège University Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Suzy Hope
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Karolina Piotrowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Niccolò Piro
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Sacco
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
- UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Edoardo Saporiti
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Murielle Surquin
- Beacon Medical Centre, Sidmouth, Devon, UK
- Geriatrics Department, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Estel Vall-Llosera
- Geriatrics and Palliative Care Department, Hospital General de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat-Consorci Sanitari Integral, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Josep Molins, 29 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08906, Barcelona, Spain
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Nyadera IN, Wandwkha B, Agwanda B. Not the Time to Take Chances! Why African Governments' Response to COVID 19 Matters. Glob Soc Welf 2021; 8:137-140. [PMID: 33425656 PMCID: PMC7779332 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-020-00183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since independence, African governments have been criticized for either their slow, ineffective, or lack of homegrown solutions when addressing challenges in their respective countries. From economic and development models to dealing with conflicts, governance practices, and planning, overreliance and dependence on external practices which sometimes fail to take into consideration the unique domestic challenges have characterized the response of many African governments. This has, in turn, tainted the image of the continent over their ability to adequately deal with disasters. As the rest of the world is struggling to deal with their share of challenges as a result of the pandemic, it is becoming increasingly important that every country adopts measures that will effectively deal with the spread of the disease. This essay seeks to step back from the seemingly crowded debate over where the next epicentre of COVID 19 will be in Africa and focus on what lessons and measures governments in Africa can adopt during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Nyaburi Nyadera
- Department of Government and Public Administration, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Political Science, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Brian Wandwkha
- Department of Radio, Television and Cinema, Ankara Haci Bayram University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Billy Agwanda
- Department of African Studies and International Relations, Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wiens KE, Schaeffer LE, Sow SO, Ndoye B, Cain CJ, Baumann MM, Johnson KB, Lindstedt PA, Blacker BF, Bhutta ZA, Cormier NM, Daoud F, Earl L, Farag T, Khalil IA, Kinyoki DK, Larson HJ, LeGrand KE, Cook AJ, Malta DC, Månsson JC, Mayala BK, Mokdad AH, Ogbuanu IU, Sankoh O, Sartorius B, Topor-Madry R, Troeger CE, Welgan CA, Werdecker A, Hay SI, Reiner RC. Oral rehydration therapies in Senegal, Mali, and Sierra Leone: a spatial analysis of changes over time and implications for policy. BMC Med 2020; 18:405. [PMID: 33342436 PMCID: PMC7750121 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a simple intervention that can prevent childhood deaths from severe diarrhea and dehydration. In a previous study, we mapped the use of ORS treatment subnationally and found that ORS coverage increased over time, while the use of home-made alternatives or recommended home fluids (RHF) decreased, in many countries. These patterns were particularly striking within Senegal, Mali, and Sierra Leone. It was unclear, however, whether ORS replaced RHF in these locations or if children were left untreated, and if these patterns were associated with health policy changes. METHODS We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from household surveys to map the percentage of children with diarrhea that received (1) any ORS, (2) only RHF, or (3) no oral rehydration treatment between 2000 and 2018. This approach allowed examination of whether RHF was replaced with ORS before and after interventions, policies, and external events that may have impacted healthcare access. RESULTS We found that RHF was replaced with ORS in most Sierra Leone districts, except those most impacted by the Ebola outbreak. In addition, RHF was replaced in northern but not in southern Mali, and RHF was not replaced anywhere in Senegal. In Senegal, there was no statistical evidence that a national policy promoting ORS use was associated with increases in coverage. In Sierra Leone, ORS coverage increased following a national policy change that abolished health costs for children. CONCLUSIONS Children in parts of Mali and Senegal have been left behind during ORS scale-up. Improved messaging on effective diarrhea treatment and/or increased ORS access such as through reducing treatment costs may be needed to prevent child deaths in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Wiens
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lauren E Schaeffer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Samba O Sow
- Centre for Vaccine Development, Mali (CVD-Mali), Bamako, Mali
| | - Babacar Ndoye
- African Field Epidemiology Training Programme - Senegal, Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Carrie Jo Cain
- World Hope International, Makeni, Sierra Leone
- Health Care Ministries, Wesleyan Church of Sierra Leone, Makeni, Sierra Leone
| | - Mathew M Baumann
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kimberly B Johnson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Paulina A Lindstedt
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brigette F Blacker
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Natalie M Cormier
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Farah Daoud
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lucas Earl
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tamer Farag
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ibrahim A Khalil
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damaris K Kinyoki
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heidi J Larson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kate E LeGrand
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Aubrey J Cook
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Deborah C Malta
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Johan C Månsson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin K Mayala
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- ICF International, DHS Program, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ikechukwu U Ogbuanu
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Osman Sankoh
- Statistics Sierra Leone, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Njala University, Njala, Bo, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roman Topor-Madry
- Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christopher E Troeger
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Catherine A Welgan
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Andrea Werdecker
- Demographic Change and Aging Research Area, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert C Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Raposo Dos Santos JR, Cascão Torres AR, Neto M, Namorado S. Prevalence of long-term disability in Portugal, 2014: Evidence of variation by personal and contextual factors. Disabil Health J 2020; 14:101043. [PMID: 33250390 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability is not just a health problem. It is a wider phenomenon that reflects the gap between a person's capacities and their ability to fully perform the role demanded by society. Both personal and environmental factors are major contributors to disability. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported disability, overall and by sex, and associated factors in the Portuguese population in 2014. METHODS This was a cross sectional study based on data from the Portuguese National Health Interview Survey (2014) (n = 18,204). Long-term disability was evaluated based on the respondent reporting reasons for current disability lasting more than 6 months. Sex, age group, region, marital status, self-rated health, having or not health insurance, educational level, income, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity and body mass index were considered as independent variables. A poisson model was performed to identify factors associated with disability. RESULTS Approximately 40% of the respondents reported having some long-term disability. Disability prevalence was higher in women than men (44.4% and 34.2%, respectively). Results showed age, region, education, self-rated health, physical activity and body mass index were associated with disability (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that along with personal factors, the context plays an important role in disability. We believe this piece of evidence emphasizes the factor context namely the region, when decision makers design disability related policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Raquel Raposo Dos Santos
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Rita Cascão Torres
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Neto
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sonia Namorado
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
There is strong evidence suggesting that harm reduction policies are able to reduce the adverse health and social consequences of drug use. However, in this article I will compare two different countries to demonstrate that some social aspects lead to the adoption or rejection of harm reduction policies. In this case, countries where drugs are seen as a security concern are less likely to adopt these harm reduction policies. For that purpose, I will compare Colombia and Uruguay's political, normative, and social aspects, which are considered drivers in the adoption of harm reduction policies, as well as how those factors influence the treatments available for substance abuse disorders.
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Leonardi M, Lee H, van der Veen S, Maribo T, Cuenot M, Simon L, Paltamaa J, Maart S, Tucker C, Besstrashnova Y, Shosmin A, Cid D, Almborg AH, Anttila H, Yamada S, Frattura L, Zavaroni C, Zhuoying Q, Martinuzzi A, Martinuzzi M, Magnani FG, Snyman S, El Oumri AA, Sylvain N, Layton N, Sykes C, Saleeby PW, Winkler AS, de Camargo OK. Avoiding the Banality of Evil in Times of COVID-19: Thinking Differently with a Biopsychosocial Perspective for Future Health and Social Policies Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:1758-1760. [PMID: 32905109 PMCID: PMC7462656 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic provides the opportunity to re-think health policies and health systems approaches by the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective, thus acting on environmental factors so as to increase facilitators and diminish barriers. Specifically, vulnerable people should not face discrimination because of their vulnerability in the allocation of care or life-sustaining treatments. Adoption of biopsychosocial model helps to identify key elements where to act to diminish effects of the pandemics. The pandemic showed us that barriers in health care organization affect mostly those that are vulnerable and can suffer discrimination not because of severity of diseases but just because of their vulnerability, be this age or disability and this can be avoided by biopsychosocial planning in health and social policies. It is possible to avoid the banality of evil, intended as lack of thinking on what we do when we do, by using the emergence of the emergency of COVID-19 as a Trojan horse to achieve some of the sustainable development goals such as universal health coverage and equity in access, thus acting on environmental factors is the key for global health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Leonardi
- UOC Neurology, Public Health, Disability, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sabina van der Veen
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Maribo
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Cuenot
- School of public Health, École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), Rennes, France
| | - Liane Simon
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Soraya Maart
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carole Tucker
- College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Yanina Besstrashnova
- Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Shosmin
- Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniel Cid
- Centre for Innovations and Development in Healthcare (CIDEAS), Santiago del Chile, Chile
| | | | - Heidi Anttila
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shin Yamada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lucilla Frattura
- Strategical Directorate, Classification Area, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Zavaroni
- Strategical Directorate, Classification Area, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Qiu Zhuoying
- Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Research Center/WHO-FIC CC China, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- Department of Conegliano-Pieve di Soligo, IRCCS E. Medea Scientific Institute, Conegliano, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Giulia Magnani
- UOC Neurology, Public Health, Disability, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanus Snyman
- Centre for Community Technologies, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Amine El Oumri
- Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda, Faculty of Medicine of Oujda, Mohammed First University of Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Natasha Layton
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria Australia
| | | | - Patricia Welch Saleeby
- Department of Sociology, Criminology, and Social Work, Bradley University, Peoria, IL USA
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olaf Kraus de Camargo
- CanChild - Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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Morley J, Machado CCV, Burr C, Cowls J, Joshi I, Taddeo M, Floridi L. The ethics of AI in health care: A mapping review. Soc Sci Med 2020; 260:113172. [PMID: 32702587 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a mapping review of the literature concerning the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care. The goal of this review is to summarise current debates and identify open questions for future research. Five literature databases were searched to support the following research question: how can the primary ethical risks presented by AI-health be categorised, and what issues must policymakers, regulators and developers consider in order to be 'ethically mindful? A series of screening stages were carried out-for example, removing articles that focused on digital health in general (e.g. data sharing, data access, data privacy, surveillance/nudging, consent, ownership of health data, evidence of efficacy)-yielding a total of 156 papers that were included in the review. We find that ethical issues can be (a) epistemic, related to misguided, inconclusive or inscrutable evidence; (b) normative, related to unfair outcomes and transformative effectives; or (c) related to traceability. We further find that these ethical issues arise at six levels of abstraction: individual, interpersonal, group, institutional, and societal or sectoral. Finally, we outline a number of considerations for policymakers and regulators, mapping these to existing literature, and categorising each as epistemic, normative or traceability-related and at the relevant level of abstraction. Our goal is to inform policymakers, regulators and developers of what they must consider if they are to enable health and care systems to capitalise on the dual advantage of ethical AI; maximising the opportunities to cut costs, improve care, and improve the efficiency of health and care systems, whilst proactively avoiding the potential harms. We argue that if action is not swiftly taken in this regard, a new 'AI winter' could occur due to chilling effects related to a loss of public trust in the benefits of AI for health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morley
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK.
| | - Caio C V Machado
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK
| | - Christopher Burr
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK
| | - Josh Cowls
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK; Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Indra Joshi
- NHSX, Skipton House, 80 London Road, SE1 6LH, UK
| | - Mariarosaria Taddeo
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK; Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, 15 Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Luciano Floridi
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK; Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, 15 Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QD, UK
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Aldama G, López M, Santás M, Flores X, Piñón P, Salgado J, Calviño R, Vázquez N, Mesías A, González-Juanatey C, Muñiz J, Vázquez JM. Impact on mortality after implementation of a network for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction care. The IPHENAMIC study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 73:632-42. [PMID: 32014432 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Little is known about the impact of networks for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care on the population. The objective of this study was to determine whether the PROGALIAM (Programa Gallego de Atención al Infarto Agudo de Miocardio) improved survival in northern Galicia. METHODS We collected all events coded as STEMI between 2001 and 2013. A total of 6783 patients were identified and divided into 2 groups: pre-PROGALIAM (2001-2005), with 2878 patients, and PROGALIAM (2006-2013), with 3905 patients. RESULTS In the pre-PROGALIAM period, 5-year adjusted mortality was higher both in the total population (HR, 1.22, 95%CI, 1.14-1.29; P <.001) and in each area (A Coruña: HR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.02-1.23; P=.02; Lugo: HR, 1.34; 95%CI, 1.2-1.49; P <.001 and Ferrol: HR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.1-1.4; P=.001). Before PROGALIAM, 5-year adjusted mortality was higher in the areas of Lugo (HR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.05-1.49; P=.02) and Ferrol (HR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.13-1.55; P=.001) than in A Coruña. These differences disappeared after the creation of the STEMI network (Lugo vs A Coruña: HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.72-1.06; P=.18, Ferrol vs A Coruña: HR, 1.04; 95%CI, 0.89-1.22; P=.58. CONCLUSIONS For patients with STEMI, the creation of PROGALIAM in northern Galicia decreased mortality and increased equity in terms of survival both overall and in each of the areas where it was implemented. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02501070).
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Miralles M, Chilet-Rosell E, Hernández-Aguado I. [Framing of childhood obesity in Spanish lay press]. Gac Sanit 2019; 35:256-259. [PMID: 31879055 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the frame, individual or collective, of childhood obesity in the main Spanish lay media. METHOD Analysis of a convenience sample of 132 publications regarding childhood obesity (August 2016-September 2018). Descriptive analysis about approach, measures and causes of obesity and food industry influence in the development of the publication. RESULTS 47% of the publications presented an individual approach. 54% included eating and physical activity as cause. 29% of the measures propose a healthy environment and 27% individual recommendations. Individual frame was present in 77% of the news influenced by the industry. CONCLUSION Publications on childhood obesity of the main Spanish lay press reveal a predominance of the individual approach to the problem. This majority perception may condition the development and implementation of public health policies or interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Miralles
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, (Alicante), España
| | - Elisa Chilet-Rosell
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, (Alicante), España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España.
| | - Ildefonso Hernández-Aguado
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, (Alicante), España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España
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Calderón-Colmenero J. Regionalization of congenital heart disease care: A pending goal. Arch Cardiol Mex 2019; 89:138-146. [PMID: 31702727 DOI: 10.24875/acme.m19000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are considered the most frequent malformations. In Mexico, every year between 12 and 16 thousand children are born with some type of CHD and it is the second cause of mortality in children under 1 year of age and in children aged between 1 and 4 years. The problem of the care of CHDs is analyzed from a perspective of health policies in the country with an emphasis on regionalizing their care to rationalize the use of available resources and with the aim of serving the largest number of patients and achieve the best clinical results. It emphasizes the need to promote cooperation among the different civil society organizations and institutions to exchange ideas to create consensus and joint projects for a better use of available resources to achieve universal and quality care of children with CHD in all the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Calderón-Colmenero
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Jafarzadeh A, Hadavi M, Hasanshahi G, Rezaeian M, Vazirinejad R, Aminzadeh F, Sarkoohi A. Cesarean or Cesarean Epidemic? Arch Iran Med 2019; 22:663-670. [PMID: 31823633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to advances in surgical procedure, anesthesia techniques, blood transfusion and antibiotic therapy, the technique of cesarean section has been progressing over the time. However, cesarean section is still a risk-specific operation, with long-term and shortterm consequences for the mother and neonate. The rate of cesarean surgery is constantly growing due to both justifiable and nonjustifiable medical and non-medical reasons. There is evidence indicating that efforts are made in many countries to reduce the rate of cesarean delivery. In this review article, we try to assess the frequency of cesarean section in different countries, especially Iran. We searched several keywords, including cesarean section prevalence, cesarean section rate, world, delivery, Iran and health policies within the newest articles published in Google Scholar, PubMed, and ISI/Web of Sciences, as well as Iranian databases (Magiran, SID), from January 2017 to April 2019. The results show that there is still a high prevalence of C-section. In Iran, the highest rate of cesarean was in Tehran province (62.1%-72.1%) and the lowest was in Sistan and Baluchestan province (12%). It appears necessary to plan for effective interventions in terms of painless vaginal delivery, improving the quality of vaginal delivery services, proper culture and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Paramedical Faculty, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hasanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Vazirinejad
- Department of Social Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fariba Aminzadeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sarkoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Abstract
Background The organisation and systematisation of health actions and services are essential to ensure patient safety and the effectiveness and efficiency of cancer care. The objective of this study was to analyse the structure of cancer care envisaged in Brazilian norms, describe the types of accreditations of cancer services and their geographic distribution, and determine the planning and evaluation parameters used to qualify the health units that provide cancer care in Brazil. Methods This observational study identified the current organisation of cancer care and other health services that are accredited by Brazil’s national health system (SUS) for cancer treatment as of February 2017. The following information was collected from the current norms and the National Registry of Health Establishments: geographic location, type of accreditation, type of care, and hospital classification according to annual data of the number of cancer surgeries. The adequacy of the number of licensed units relative to population size was assessed. The analysis considered the facilitative or restrictive nature of policies based on the available rules and resources. Results The analysis of the norms indicated that these documents serve as structuring rules and resources for developing and implementing cancer care policies in Brazil. A total of 299 high-complexity oncology services were identified in facilities located in 173 (3.1%) municipalities. In some states, there were no authorised services in radiotherapy, paediatric oncology and/or haematology-oncology. There was a significant deficit in accredited oncology services. Conclusions The parameters that have been used to assess the need for accredited cancer services in Brazil are widely questioned because the best basis of calculation is the incidence of cancer or disease burden rather than population size. The results indicate that the availability of cancer services is insufficient and the organisation of the cancer care network needs to be improved in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jorge Sobreira da Silva
- National Cancer Institute, Rua Marquês de Pombal, 125 - 3° andar - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Zip code: 20230-240, Brazil.
| | - Gisele O'Dwyer
- Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang YF, Sun MX, Xue H, Zhao WH, Yang XG, Zhu XY, Zhao L, Yang YX. [Understanding the China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control and policy implications and recommendations for obesity prevention and control in China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:875-884. [PMID: 31474067 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Wang
- Global Health Institute/School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - M X Sun
- Beijing Eden Hospital, Beijing 100097, China
| | - H Xue
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23219, U.S.A
| | - W H Zhao
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Preventive, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X G Yang
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Preventive, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X Y Zhu
- Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing 100050, China
| | - L Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y X Yang
- Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing 100050, China
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Abstract
This article uses the concept of 'policy scripts' to explore the aims and assumptions underlying policies on migrant and ethnic minority health. Firstly, it analyses the shift in health policies from 'downstream' approaches (emphasising health care for the sick and injured) to 'upstream' ones (emphasising health protection for the whole population). The field of migrant health has been relatively slow to move upstream. Two factors appear to have impeded this shift: (a) the reluctance of the 'social determinants of health' movement to regard migrant status and ethnicity as important causes of health inequities; and (b) the one-sided emphasis on short-term emergency health provisions for migrants arising from the recent increase in forced migration worldwide, in particular the sudden peak in mixed migration to the EU in 2015. The article contends that (a) the usual arguments against treating migration and ethnicity as health determinants do not stand up to critical examination; and (b) the overwhelming emphasis on unauthorised entrants which characterises current discussions of migration policy, including health, is out of all proportion to their volume relative to that of other migrants. Fortunately, recent policy initiatives at UN level have the potential to restore the balance between 'upstream' and 'downstream' approaches, as well as between unauthorised entry and 'routine' migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ingleby
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Narayanan I, Nsungwa-Sabiti J, Lusyati S, Rohsiswatmo R, Thomas N, Kamalarathnam CN, Wembabazi JJ, Kirabira VN, Waiswa P, Data S, Kajjo D, Mubiri P, Ochola E, Shrestha P, Choi HY, Ramasethu J. Facility readiness in low and middle-income countries to address care of high risk/ small and sick newborns. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2019; 5:10. [PMID: 31236281 PMCID: PMC6580648 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-019-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The successful promotion of facility births in low and middle-income countries has not always resulted in improved neonatal outcome. We evaluated key signal functions pertinent to Level II neonatal care to determine facility readiness to care for high risk/ small and sick newborns. Method Facility readiness for care of high risk/ small and sick babies was determined through self-evaluation using a pre-designed checklist to determine key signal functions pertinent to Level II neonatal care in selected referral hospitals in Uganda (10), Indonesia (4) and India (2) with focus on the Sub-Saharan country with greater challenges. Results Most facilities reported having continuous water supply, resources for hand hygiene and waste disposal. Delivery rooms had newborn corners for basic neonatal resuscitation, but few practiced proper reprocessing of resuscitation equipment. Birth weight records were not consistently maintained in the Ugandan hospitals. In facilities with records of birth weights, more than half (51.7%) of newborns admitted to the neonatal units weighed 2500 g or more. Neonatal mortality rates ranged from 1.5 to 22.5%. Evaluation of stillbirths and numbers of babies discharged against medical advice gave a more comprehensive idea of outcome. Kangaroo Mother Care was practiced to varying extents. Incubators were more common in Africa while radiant warmers were preferred in Indian hospitals. Tube feeding was practiced in all and cup feeding in most, with use of human milk at all sites. There were proportionately more certified pediatricians and nurses in Indonesia and India. There was considerable shortage of nursing staff, (worst nurse –bed ratio ranging from 1 to 15 in the day shift, and 1 to 30 at night). There was significant variability in facility readiness, as in data maintenance, availability of commodities such as linen, air -oxygen blenders and infusion pumps and of infection prevention practices. Conclusions Referral neonatal units in LMIC have challenges in meeting even the basic level II requirements, with significant variability in equipment, staffing and selected care practices. Facility readiness has to improve in concert with increased facility births of high risk newborns in order to have an impact on neonatal outcome, and on achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3.2.2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40748-019-0105-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Waiswa
- 8Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.,9Global Health Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,10Leader Makerere University Maternal and Newborn Centre of Excellence, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Santorino Data
- 11Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Darious Kajjo
- 12Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Mubiri
- 12Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Ochola
- 13Department of HIV, Research and Documentation, St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
| | | | - Ha Young Choi
- 14MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Kochhar S, Edwards KM, Ropero Alvarez AM, Moro PL, Ortiz JR. Introduction of new vaccines for immunization in pregnancy - Programmatic, regulatory, safety and ethical considerations. Vaccine 2019; 37:3267-3277. [PMID: 31072733 PMCID: PMC6771279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunizing pregnant women is a promising strategy to reduce infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and their infants. Important pre-requisites for the successful introduction of new vaccines for immunization in pregnancy include political commitment and adequate financial resources: trained, committed and sufficient numbers of healthcare workers to deliver the vaccines; close integration of immunization programs with antenatal care and Maternal and Child Health services; adequate access to antenatal care by pregnant women in the country (especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC)); and a high proportion of births occurring in health facilities (to ensure maternal and neonatal follow-up can be done). The framework needed to advance a vaccine program from product licensure to successful country-level implementation includes establishing and organizing evidence for anticipated vaccine program impact, developing supportive policies, and translating policies into local action. International and national coordination efforts, proactive planning from conception to implementation of the programs (including country-level policy making, planning, and implementation, regulatory guidance, pharmacovigilance) and country-specific and cultural factors must be taken into account during the vaccines introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
| | - Alba Maria Ropero Alvarez
- Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Department of Family, Health Promotion and Life Course (FPL). Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Washington DC, USA
| | - Pedro L Moro
- Immunization Safety Office, Division Of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Justin R Ortiz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Alonso-Trujillo F, Salinas-Pérez JA, Gutiérrez-Colosía MR, González-Caballero JL, Pinzón Pulido S, Jiménez González S, Gálvez Daza P, Martínez Domene M, Salvador-Carulla L. [Impact assessment of a multisectoral plan for the promotion of health and social wellbeing in Andalusia (Spain)]. Gac Sanit 2020; 34:615-23. [PMID: 30827502 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the Plan for the promotion of personal autonomy and prevention of disability in Andalusia (2016-2020) in 13 public administrations during the first year of its implementation; and to analyse the usability and feasibility of the impact assessment ladder used. METHOD The Plan addresses the promotion of personal autonomy and the prevention of disabilities and dependencies through a multisectoral approach. It is structured in strands or lines of work, objectives and actions that have been assessed through the Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). The analysis of the face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the impact assessment ladder was carried out in 30 actions of the Plan that were rated by 20 experts from the 13 ministries and public agencies involved in the Plan, and an external rater. RESULTS 176 actions and programmes were launched in 2017. Of these, 67.2% were implemented during the first year. Only one of the 16 objectives had no action initiated during the first year. Moreover, 7 out of 15 objectives implemented were fully multisectoral involving more than three Regional Ministries. The face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the AIL were good (κ: 0.72). CONCLUSIONS This Plan has provided a novel framework to coordinate a broad range of proposed policies and actions within the public administration of Andalusia. For the first time, a multisectoral impact analysis has been conducted providing an effective guide for monitoring, planning and setting public priorities in health, social services, ageing and disabilities.
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