Serum levels of vitamin A, selenium and better dietary total antioxidant capacity are related to lower oxidative DNA damage: a cross-sectional study of individuals at cardiovascular risk

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in adults: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND AND AIM

The objective of our study was to examine the association between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Data was gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2018. To examine the connection between CDAI and ASCVD, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine non-linear correlations, and the inflection point was identified using a two-piecewise linear regression approach. Subgroup analyses were performed to demonstrate stability of results. A total of 44,494 individuals were included in the study. The multivariate logistic regression model was fully adjusted and revealed an odds ratio of 0.968 (95% CI: 0.959-0.978; P < 0.001) for the correlation between CDAI and ASCVD. Furthermore, individuals in the highest quartile of CDAI exhibited a decreased risk of ASCVD compared to those in the lowest quartile [0.716 (0.652-0.787); P < 0.001]. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed non-linear relationship between CDAI and ASCVD, with inflection point at -0.387. The analysis of subgroups showed that the importance of CDAI remained consistent among various age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our research revealed an inverse and non-linear relationship between CDAI and ASCVD in adults. The implications of these findings are significant for future studies and the formulation of dietary guidelines.

Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts-Part 2

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity/mortality world-wide, hence preventive interventions are crucial. Observational data showing beneficial CV effects of vitamin supplements, promoted by self-proclaimed experts, have led to ~50% of Americans using multivitamins; this practice has culminated into a multi-billion-dollar business. However, robust evidence is lacking, and certain vitamins might incur harm. This two-part review focuses on the attributes or concerns about specific vitamin consumption on CVD. The evidence for indiscriminate use of multivitamins indicates no consistent CVD benefit. Specific vitamins and/or combinations are suggested, but further supportive evidence is needed. Data presented in Part 1 indicated that folic acid and certain B-vitamins may decrease stroke, whereas niacin might raise mortality; beta-carotene mediates pro-oxidant effects, which may abate the benefits from other vitamins. In Part 2, data favor the anti-oxidant effects of vitamin C and the anti-atherogenic effects of vitamins C and E, but clinical evidence is inconsistent. Vitamin D may provide CV protection, but data are conflicting. Vitamin K appears neutral. Thus, there are favorable CV effects of individual vitamins (C/D), but randomized/controlled data are lacking. An important caveat regards the potential toxicity of increased doses of fat-soluble vitamins (A/D/E/K). As emphasized in Part 1, vitamins might benefit subjects who are antioxidant-deficient or exposed to high levels of oxidative-stress (e.g., diabetics, smokers, and elderly), stressing the importance of targeting certain subgroups for optimal results. Finally, by promoting CV-healthy balanced-diets, we could acquire essential vitamins and nutrients and use supplements only for specific indications.

Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity-A New Indicator of Healthy Diet Quality in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Polish Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as healthy diet quality, in a representative sample (n = 5690) of the whole Polish adult population (WOBASZ II study). Daily food consumption was estimated by the single 24 h dietary recall method. Antioxidant vitamins (C, E, and β-carotene) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu) from the diet and supplements were calculated using 5D Diet software, and dietary total polyphenol intake (DTPI) was determined using the Phenol-Explorer database and our database. Total diet quality was measured by the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for the prevention of CVD. DTAC was calculated using the data on food consumption and the antioxidant potential of foods measured by the FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) method. It was shown that higher DTAC was associated with a higher intake of polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, a higher quartile of DTAC was associated with a reduced odds ratio for cardiovascular diseases in a Polish population, as well as with a higher HDI. Therefore, dietary recommendations for the prevention and therapy of CVDs should take into account a high DTAC. DTAC, measured by the FRAP method, can be considered an indicator of healthy diet quality.