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Qin Q, Zeng S, Duan G, Liu Y, Han X, Yu R, Huang Y, Zhang C, Han J, Jiang S. "Bottom-up" and "top-down" strategies toward strong cellulose-based materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:9306-9343. [PMID: 39143951 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose, as the most abundant natural polymer on Earth, has long captured researchers' attention due to its high strength and modulus. Nevertheless, transferring its exceptional mechanical properties to macroscopic 2D and 3D materials poses numerous challenges. This review provides an overview of the research progress in the development of strong cellulose-based materials using both the "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches. In the "bottom-up" strategy, various forms of regenerated cellulose-based materials and nanocellulose-based high-strength materials assembled by different methods are discussed. Under the "top-down" approach, the focus is on the development of reinforced cellulose-based materials derived from wood, bamboo, rattan and straw. Furthermore, a brief overview of the potential applications fordifferent types of strong cellulose-based materials is given, followed by a concise discussion on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shiyi Zeng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Xiaoshuai Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Ruizhi Yu
- Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jingquan Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Atoui S, Belaadi A, Chai BX, Abdullah MMS, Al-Khawlani A, Ghernaout D. Extracting and characterizing novel cellulose fibers from Chamaerops humilis rachis for textiles' sustainable and cleaner production as reinforcement for potential applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134029. [PMID: 39084993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
New cellulose (CL) fibers are derived from Chamaerops humilis (Ch) rachis. They play an essential role in various industries to produce environmentally friendly products as an alternative to enhancing and strengthening lightweight composites, such as dashboards automotive. Distinctive properties of Ch fibers (ChFs) were determined by extracting fibers from dwarf palm plant branches using anaerobic analysis. This search comprehensively studies morphological, physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics and water absorption testing. The fiber diameter was 241.23 ± 34.77 μm, while the obtained linear density and density were 13.71 ± 0.57 Tex and 0.801 ± 0.05 g/cm3, respectively. The moisture content was 8.5 %, and the moisture regain was 9.29 %. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the fibers and smooth and rough surfaces. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the maximum degradation of 352 °C, thermal stability of 243 °C, and the kinetic activation energy reached (79.78 kJ/mol). X-ray diffraction proves the availability of CL, with a crystallinity index = 68.38 % and crystal size = 2.92 nm. Fourier transform infrared succeeded in detecting functional groups and chemical compounds of fibers. The fibers exhibited a tensile stress of 110.85 ± 77.08 MPa, an elongation at a break rate of 2.29 ± 1.27 %, and Young's modulus of 6.05 ± 3.9 GPa. The maximum likelihood method (2P-Weibull distribution) was employed to examine the distribution of mechanical properties of fibers. According to the results above, new ChFs are an excellent reinforcement for elaborating fiber-reinforced biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Atoui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 August 1955- Skikda, El-Hadaiek, Skikda, Algeria; Laboratory LGMM, University 20 August 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Belaadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 August 1955- Skikda, El-Hadaiek, Skikda, Algeria.
| | - Boon Xian Chai
- School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Mahmood M S Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amar Al-Khawlani
- Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China
| | - Djamel Ghernaout
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
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3
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Soni A, Kumar S, Majumder B, Dam H, Dutta V, Das PK. Synergy of waste plastics and natural fibers as sustainable composites for structural applications concerning circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38846-38865. [PMID: 36930307 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for shelters, depleting natural resources, concern for plastic waste, and rising awareness for the environment have attracted the contemporary world towards the recycling of waste plastics for the development of an alternative and sustainable building construction material. The plastics suffer due to their poor strength which can be successfully overcome by the reinforcement of natural fibers. The work aimed to develop and investigate the properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites for structural applications such as floor tiles and pavements. The composites were developed by utilizing three different types of waste plastics, namely, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and polypropylene with the reinforcement of coconut (cocos nucifera) and Tossa jute (corchorus olitorius) fibers. The evaluation of the density, water absorption, compressive strength, and flexural strength was performed. Moreover, three-body abrasive wear performance was investigated under the conditions of different loads and sliding speeds. The wear mechanism was explored by the morphological analyses of the fractured and worn-out surfaces. The composite HDPE80C20 showed a maximum density of 1.603 g/cm3 and minimum percentage of water absorption to 0.2022. Moreover, the composite attained a maximum compressive and flexural strength of 40.10 and 10.04 (MPa), respectively. The ranges for abrasive wear were found to be 0.002375-0.20015 (cm3) and 0.01987-0.39593 (cm3) under the considered conditions of loads and sliding speeds, respectively. The comparative analysis of the properties suggested the reinforcement of 20 wt% of jute fiber with 80 wt% of high-density polyethylene for the development of composites for structural applications. The study highlighted the potential of waste plastics and natural fibers as value-added products for building construction with relevancy from socio-eco and environmental points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Soni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India.
| | - Sameer Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Biprajit Majumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Hriddhi Dam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Vishal Dutta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
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Tengsuthiwat J, A V, R V, G YGT, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S. Characterization of novel natural cellulose fiber from Ficus macrocarpa bark for lightweight structural composite application and its effect on chemical treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30442. [PMID: 38726178 PMCID: PMC11079083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates Ficus Macrocarpa tree bark fibers (FMB) as a sustainable alternative reinforcement for polymer composites. The Industrial Revolution marked the evolution of polymer composites with synthetic material reinforcement, leading to environmental concerns. Natural fibers have recently gained prominence as efficient alternatives for polymer composites. Despite numerous natural fibers being considered, ensuring a sustainable raw material source remains crucial. In this study, fibers were extracted from FMB and subjected to alkali treatment to evaluate their impact on physical, chemical, and thermal properties. Initially, the extracted fibers measured 253.80 ± 15 μm in diameter, reduced to 223.27 ± 12 μm post-alkali treatment. Chemical analysis showed an increase in cellulose content to 59.7 wt%, a 23.34 % improvement over untreated fibers (48.4 wt%). The crystalline index for untreated and treated fibers measured 80.20 % and 84.75 %, respectively, with no noticeable changes in the cellulose phase. Additionally, the crystalline size increased to 3.21 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced stability of treated fibers up to 378.87 °C, while the kinetic activation energy remained constant at 64.76 kJ/mol for both the treated and the untreated fibers. The alkali treatment further improved surface roughness to 39.26, confirmed by scanning electron microscopic images. These findings highlight the potential of cellulose fibers from Ficus Macrocarpa bark as a sustainable and environmentally friendly replacement for synthetic fibers in polymer composites. The enhanced physical properties and excellent thermal stability make them a promising choice for eco-conscious materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratti Tengsuthiwat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology (CIT), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vinod A
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vijay R
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yashas Gowda T. G
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Lokesh KS, Shrinivasa Mayya D, Yashwanth HL, Sharanya IS, Nikam H, Channa Keshava Reddy KL, Kumar S. Mechanical characterization & regression analysis of Calamus rotang based hybrid natural fibre composite with findings reported on retrieval bending strength. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3943. [PMID: 38365832 PMCID: PMC10873315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on Bio-based natural fiber material promoted the development of reinforcement and expand their possible structural applications. In this study, fibers are extracted from the stem of Calamus rotang (common rattan-Indian Species). Further, the fiber is processed to get novel hybrid combinations with glass fibers by manual hand lay-up technique. Three sets of samples were prepared for the different volume fractions of 60:40, 30:30:30, and 60:32:8 of glass fiber/epoxy as neat composite sample (NCS), a hybrid combination of C. rotang /glass fiber with epoxy as modified reinforced composite sample (MRCS) and glass fiber/epoxy with calamus stem powder as modified matrix composite sample (MMCS) respectively. Mechanical tests including tensile, flexural, impact, and ILSS tests are conducted as per ASTM Standards. Comparative studies have been done to evaluate the effect of novel species of C. rotang on mechanical properties with neat GFRP composites. Addition to this regression analysis has been carried out to achieve the experimental correlation for tensile and bending tests. Microstructural analysis for all the tested samples has been done to assess the fracture mode. Novel findings on retrieval bending strength for MMCS has been reported for the first time for composite materials. Study proves that novel species have a significant impact on the basic properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lokesh
- Aeronautical Engineering, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangalore, 574143, India.
| | - D Shrinivasa Mayya
- Aeronautical Engineering, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangalore, 574143, India
| | - H L Yashwanth
- Aeronautical Engineering, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangalore, 574143, India
| | - I S Sharanya
- Aeronautical Engineering, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangalore, 574143, India
| | - Hrithika Nikam
- Aeronautical Engineering, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangalore, 574143, India
| | | | - Shashank Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560098, India
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Souri Z, Hedayati S, Niakousari M, Mazloomi SM. Fabrication of ɛ-Polylysine-Loaded Electrospun Nanofiber Mats from Persian Gum-Poly (Ethylene Oxide) and Evaluation of Their Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties. Foods 2023; 12:2588. [PMID: 37444326 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, electrospun nanofiber mats were fabricated by mixing different ratios (96:4, 95:5, 94:6, 93:7, and 92:8) of Persian gum (PG) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). The SEM micrographs revealed that the nanofibers obtained from 93% PG and 7% PEO were bead-free and uniform. Therefore, it was selected as the optimized ratio of PG:PEO for the development of antimicrobial nanofibers loaded with ɛ-Polylysine (ɛ-PL). All of the spinning solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior and the viscosity decreased by increasing the shear rate. Additionally, the apparent viscosity, G', and G″ of the spinning solutions increased as a function of PEO concentration, and the incorporation of ɛ-PL did not affect these parameters. The electrical conductivity of the solutions decreased when increasing the PEO ratio and with the incorporation of ɛ-PL. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the compatibility of polymers. The antimicrobial activity of nanofibers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was investigated, and the samples loaded with ɛ-PL demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Souri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Sara Hedayati
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Niakousari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
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7
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R NS, Thiagamani SMK, P S, M S, Boyina Yagna SN, Hossein EK, M M, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. Isolation and characterization of agro-waste biomass sapodilla seeds as reinforcement in potential polymer composite applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17760. [PMID: 37456007 PMCID: PMC10345370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fillers or particulate fillers find a growing utilization as reinforcement material in polymer composites due to their ability to enhance the properties of the ensuing composites. The discarded seed in sapodilla fruit is available in abundant and the shell of the seed can be used as a reinforcing filler. The primary goal of this study is to extract and characterize the sapodilla seed shell powder (SSS) physically and chemically in order to assess its potential for reinforcement as a particulate filler in polymer composites. The sapodilla seed shell filler was characterized experimentally by Physio-chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The morphology and the filler size were determined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Particle size analysis. The thermal degradation behaviour was evaluated by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalaeram Sivaram R
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar P
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan M
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Surya Narayana Boyina Yagna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Meena M
- Department of Physics, ST Hindu College, Nagerkoil, 629002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
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Venkataravanappa RY, Lakshmikanthan A, Kapilan N, Chandrashekarappa MPG, Der O, Ercetin A. Physico-Mechanical Property Evaluation and Morphology Study of Moisture-Treated Hemp–Banana Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Green Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2023; 7:266. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs7070266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of many engineered product applications for automobiles and aircraft parts has initiated the search for novel materials as alternatives to metal matrix composites (MMCs). Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites offer distinct advantages such as biodegradability, eco-friendliness, flexibility, low density, and higher specific strengths, etc. This study focuses on natural-fiber (hemp and banana)-fabric-reinforced polymer composites suitable for exterior-engineered parts. The hand lay-up process is used to fabricate these hybrid composites. Exterior-engineered products are highly susceptible to moisture, which can deteriorate their mechanical performances, including their tensile and flexural strength, thereby affecting the durability of the hybrid composites. Therefore, the hybrid composites are subjected to water absorption tests, where samples are immersed in distilled water for week-long intervals. After each interval, the water-absorbed specimens are tested for their tensile and flexural characteristics as per ASTM D-3039 and ASTM D-790, respectively. The moisture treatment had a notable impact on the composite materials, causing a slight decrease in the tensile strength by 2% due to the diminished lateral strength in the interlaminar fibers. Contrary to expectations, the flexural strength of the composites improved by 2.7% after the moisture treatment, highlighting the potential of the moisture treatment process to enhance the elastic properties of such composites. The dimensions of the specimens changed after the water immersion test, resulting in increased longitudinal and decreased lateral dimensions. The surface morphologies of the composite failure samples showed fiber delamination, fiber breakage, voids, and matrix fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Lakshmikanthan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi 590018, India
| | - Natesan Kapilan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi 590018, India
| | | | - Oguzhan Der
- Department of Marine Vehicles Management Engineering, Maritime Faculty, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandırma 10200, Turkey
| | - Ali Ercetin
- Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Maritime Faculty, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandırma 10200, Turkey
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Kar A, Saikia D. Characterization of new natural cellulosic fiber from Calamus tenuis (Jati Bet) cane as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16491. [PMID: 37274658 PMCID: PMC10238902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the physical, structural, chemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the fibers of Calamus tenuis canes and compares the findings with various lignocellulosic fibers to find the place of these fibers as reinforcements for polymer composites. Chemical analysis confirms the presence of 37.43 ± 1.40% cellulose, 31.06 ± 1.03% hemicellulose, and 28.42 ± 0.81% lignin in Calamus tenuis cane fibers, moreover, the presence of these constituents is also confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis determines the crystallinity index of 37.38 ± 0.27% and the crystallite size of 0.87 ± 0.03 nm of the samples. The thermogravimetric analysis ensures that the Calamus tenuis cane fibers are thermally stable up to 210 ± 5 °C. The Weibull distribution analysis is employed to estimate the tensile properties of Calamus tenuis canes, which reveal a tensile strength of 37.5 ± 2 MPa, Young's modulus of 1.05 ± 0.08 GPa, and an elongation at break of 18.94 ± 4.26%. The roughness of the fibers' outer surface is confirmed by SEM micrographs and AFM analysis, suggesting that it could enhance the adhesion between fibers and matrix during the fabrication of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Kar
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
| | - Dip Saikia
- Department of Physics, Digboi College, Digboi, Assam, India
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Soni A, Das PK, Yusuf M, Ridha S, Kamyab H, Alam MA, Masood F, Chelliapan S, Ubaidullah M, Pandit B, Prakash C. Synergy of silica sand and waste plastics as thermoplastic composites on abrasive wear characteristics under conditions of different loads and sliding speeds. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138233. [PMID: 36863626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The diverse nature of polymers with attractive properties has replaced the conventional materials with polymeric composites. The present study was sought to evaluate the wear performance of thermoplastic-based composites under the conditions of different loads and sliding speeds. In the present study, nine different composites were developed by using low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with partial sand replacements i.e., 0, 30, 40, and 50 wt%. The abrasive wear was evaluated as per the ASTM G65 standard test for abrasive wear through a dry-sand rubber wheel apparatus under the applied loads of 34.335, 56.898, 68.719, 79.461 and 90.742 (N) and sliding speeds of 0.5388, 0.7184, 0.8980, 1.0776 and 1.4369 (m/s). The optimum density and compressive strength were obtained to be 2.0555 g/cm3 and 46.20 N/mm2, respectively for the composites HDPE60 and HDPE50 respectively. The minimum value of abrasive wear were found to 0.02498, 0.03430, 0.03095, 0.09020 and 0.03267 (cm3) under the considered loads of 34.335, 56.898, 68.719, 79.461 and 90.742 (N), respectively. Moreover, the composites LDPE50, LDPE100, LDPE100, LDPE50PET20 and LDPE60 showed a minimum abrasive wear of 0.03267, 0.05949, 0.05949, 0.03095 and 0.10292 at the sliding speeds of 0.5388, 0.7184, 0.8980, 1.0776 and 1.4369 (m/s), respectively. The wear response varied non-linearly with the conditions of loads and sliding speeds. Micro-cutting, plastic deformations, fiber peelings, etc. were included as the possible wear mechanism. The possible correlations between wear and mechanical properties, and throughout discussions for wear behaviors through the morphological analyses of the worn-out surfaces were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Soni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia; Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Syahrir Ridha
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia; Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Azad Alam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Masood
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ubaidullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bidhan Pandit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de La Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chander Prakash
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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11
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Pinheiro MA, Ribeiro MM, Rosa DLS, Nascimento DDCB, da Silva ACR, Dos Reis MAL, Monteiro SN, Candido VS. Periquiteira ( Cochlospermum orinocense): A Promising Amazon Fiber for Application in Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092120. [PMID: 37177266 PMCID: PMC10181227 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) have in recent decades appeared as sustainable reinforcement alternatives to replace synthetic fibers in polymer composite material applications. In this work, for the first time, the periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense), a lesser known NLF from the Amazon region, was analyzed for its density and, by X-ray diffraction (XRD), to calculate the crystallinity index as well as the microfibrillar angle (MFA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron analysis (SEM) and tensile strength. The apparent density found for the periquiteira fiber was 0.43 g/cm3, one of the NLF's lowest. XRD analysis indicated a crystallinity index of 70.49% and MFA of 7.32°. The TGA disclosed thermal stability up to 250 °C. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups characteristic of NLFs. The SEM morphological analysis revealed that the periquiteira fiber presents fine bundles of fibrils and a rough surface throughout its entire length. The average strength value of the periquiteira fiber was found as 178 MPa. These preliminary results indicate that the periquiteira fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcing agent in polymeric matrices and can generate a lightweight composite with excellent mechanical properties that can be used in various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane Alexandrino Pinheiro
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maurício Maia Ribeiro
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Diemison Lira Santa Rosa
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil
| | | | - Alisson Clay Rios da Silva
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil
| | - Marcos Allan Leite Dos Reis
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Materials Science Program, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Verônica Scarpini Candido
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
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12
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Guo H, Ma X, Lv Q, Zhang C, Duan G. Effect of Carbonization Temperature on Microstructures and Properties of Electrospun Tantalum Carbide/Carbon Fibers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083430. [PMID: 37110665 PMCID: PMC10144701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with traditional metal materials, carbon-based materials have the advantages of low density, high conductivity, good chemical stability, etc., and can be used as reliable alternative materials in various fields. Among them, the carbon fiber conductive network constructed by electrospinning technology has the advantages of high porosity, high specific surface area and rich heterogeneous interface. In order to further improve the conductivity and mechanical properties of pure carbon fiber films, tantalum carbide (TaC) nanoparticles were selected as conductive fillers. The crystallization degree, electrical and mechanical properties of electrospun TaC/C nanofibers at different temperatures were investigated. As the carbonization temperature increases, the crystallization degree and electrical conductivity of the sample also increases, while the growth trend of electrical conductivity is markedly slowed. The best mechanical properties of 12.39 MPa was achieved when the carbonization temperature was 1200 °C. Finally, through comprehensive analysis and comparison, it can be concluded that a carbonization temperature of 1200 °C is the optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiqi Lv
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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13
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Motaleb KZMA, Abakevičienė B, Milašius R. Development and Characterization of Bio-Composites from the Plant Wastes of Water Hyacinth and Sugarcane Bagasse: Effect of Water Repellent and Gamma Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071609. [PMID: 37050222 PMCID: PMC10096535 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant waste is a huge source of natural fibers and has great potential in the field of reinforced polymer composites to replace the environmentally harmful synthetic composites. In this study, fibers were extracted from water hyacinth (WH) petiole and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to make nonwovens by wet-laid web formation, and reinforced on the polyester (P) and epoxy (E) resins to make four types of composites namely, water hyacinth nonwoven reinforced epoxy (WH + E), water hyacinth nonwoven reinforced polyester (WH + P), sugarcane bagasse nonwoven reinforced epoxy (SB + E) and sugarcane bagasse nonwoven reinforced polyester (SB + P) composites. Water repellent (WR) on the nonwovens and gamma radiation (GR) on the composites were applied to improve the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength (TS), elongation at break and tensile modulus (TM) of the composites. The morphological structure of the fiber surfaces and tensile fractures were analyzed by SEM. FTIR spectra showed changes in functional groups before and after treatment. XRD analysis exhibited an increase in crystallinity for gamma-irradiated composites and a decrease in crystallinity for WR-treated composites compared to untreated composites. The SB composites (SB + E, SB + P) and polyester composites (WH + P, SB + P) showed higher water absorbency and lower mechanical properties than the WH composites (WH + E, WH + P) and epoxy composites (WH + E, SB + E), respectively. Hydrophobicity improved significantly by approximately 57% (average) at a concentration of 10% WR. However, TS and TM were reduced by approximately 24% at the same concentration. Thus, 5% WR is considered an optimum concentration due to the very low deterioration of TS and TM (<10%) but significant improvement in hydrophobicity (~39%) at this dose. On the other hand, GR treatment significantly improved TS, TM and hydrophobicity by 41, 32 and 25%, respectively, and decreased Eb% by 11% at a dose of 200 krd. However, mechanical properties and hydrophobicity deteriorated with further increase in dose at 300 krd. Thus, 200 krd is considered the optimum dose of GR.
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Wu Y, Song Y, Wu D, Mao X, Yang X, Jiang S, Zhang C, Guo R. Recent Progress in Modifications, Properties, and Practical Applications of Glass Fiber. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062466. [PMID: 36985440 PMCID: PMC10053231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a new member of the silica-derivative family, modified glass fiber (MGF) has attracted extensive attention because of its excellent properties and potential applications. Surface modification of glass fiber (GF) greatly changes its performance, resulting in a series of changes to its surface structure, wettability, electrical properties, mechanical properties, and stability. This article summarizes the latest research progress in MGF, including the different modification methods, the various properties, and their advanced applications in different fields. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions were provided for future investigations of MGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Yangyang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Di Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiuling Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (R.G.); Tel.: +86-25-85428090 (S.J.); +86-27-84238886 (R.G.)
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.W.); (Y.S.); (D.W.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (R.G.); Tel.: +86-25-85428090 (S.J.); +86-27-84238886 (R.G.)
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High Value Utilization of Waste Wood toward Porous and Lightweight Carbon Monolith with EMI Shielding, Heat Insulation and Mechanical Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062482. [PMID: 36985453 PMCID: PMC10056734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing pollution of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, it is necessary to develop low-cost, renewable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Herein, wood-derived carbon (WC) materials for EMI shielding are prepared by one-step carbonization of renewable wood. With the increase in carbonization temperature, the conductivity and EMI performance of WC increase gradually. At the same carbonization temperature, the denser WC has better conductivity and higher EMI performance. In addition, due to the layered superimposed conductive channel structure, the WC in the vertical-section shows better EMI shielding performance than that in the cross-section. After excluding the influence of thickness and density, the specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) value can be calculated to further optimize tree species. We further discuss the mechanism of the influence of the microstructure of WC on its EMI shielding properties. In addition, the lightweight WC EMI material also has good hydrophobicity and heat insulation properties, as well as good mechanical properties.
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Development of Micro-Column Preconcentration Method Using a Restricted-Access Poly(protoporphyrin-co-vinyl pyridine) Adsorbent for Copper Determination in Water and Milk Samples by FIA-FAAS. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, researchers have focused on the determination of metal ions at trace levels in environmental and food samples using analytical methods that employ techniques with low cost acquisition and maintenance and without microwave-assisted acid digestion procedures or aggressive reagents. Therefore, the present study deals with the synthesis and application of a novel, restricted-access poly(protoporphyrin-co-vinyl pyridine) adsorbent to preconcentrate copper in water samples and bovine milk that have only been subjected to pH adjusting (pH 6.0) and filtration using posterior on-line determination by FAAS. Regarding macromolecules, the restricted-access property of the adsorbent was achieved using the hydrophilic compound 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). This method is based on the preconcentration of Cu2+ ions using a flow-injection system which is buffered with 0.05 mol L−1 of Britton–Robinson (BR) at a pH of 6.0 and has a flow rate of 14.0 mL min−1 through a mini-column packed with 50.0 mg of adsorbent. The elution was carried out using 0.40 mol L−1 of HCl toward the FAAS detector. The developed method provided a preconcentration factor of 44.7-fold, low limits of detection (LOD) (0.90 µg L−1) and quantification (LOQ) (2.90 µg L−1), tolerance to interfering ions (95.0 and 103.0%), and intra-day and inter-day precision assessed as the RSD (percentage of relative standard deviation), which ranged from 3.08 to 4.80%. The restricted-access poly(protoporphyrin-co-vinyl pyridine) adsorbent demonstrated outstanding features to exclude macromolecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and humic acid (HA) from an aqueous medium. Lake water and bovine milk samples were analyzed by the proposed preconcentration method with minimal sample pretreatment (which was based mainly on pH adjusting and filtration using an analytical curve with external calibration), yielding recovery values from addition and recovery tests ranging from 91.7 to 101.9%. The developed method shows great advantages over previously published methods, avoiding the time-consuming use of concentrated acids in a microwave-assisted acid digestion procedure.
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Amior A, Satha H, Laoutid F, Toncheva A, Dubois P. Natural Cellulose from Ziziphus jujuba Fibers: Extraction and Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:385. [PMID: 36614725 PMCID: PMC9821990 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, due to their natural availability, renewability, biodegradability, nontoxicity, light weight and relatively low cost, natural fibers, especially lignocellulosic fibers, present attractive potential to substitute non-eco-friendly synthetic fibers. In this study, Ziziphus jujuba fibers were used, thanks to their low lignin content, as an alternative of renewable resource for the production of cellulosic fibers with suitable characteristics and minimal time and energy consumption. In fact, due to their valuable chemical composition, it was possible to remove the amorphous fractions and impurities from the fiber surface by applying ultrasounds coupled with alkaline treatment (80 °C, 5 wt.% NaOH), followed by a bleaching step. The efficient dissolution of the noncellulosic compounds was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The resulted increase in the crystallinity index (from 35.7% to 57.5%), occurred without impacting the crystalline structure of the fibers. The morphological analysis of the fibers evidences the higher surface area of the obtained fibers. Based on the obtained results, Ziziphus jujuba fibers were found to present a suitable sustainable source for the production of cellulosic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Amior
- Laboratoire LSPN, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, Guelma 24000, Algeria
| | - Hamid Satha
- Laboratoire LSPN, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, Guelma 24000, Algeria
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Materia Nova Materials R&D Center & UMons Innovation Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Antoniya Toncheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Materia Nova Materials R&D Center & UMons Innovation Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Materia Nova Materials R&D Center & UMons Innovation Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Han X, Wang J, Wang J, Ding L, Zhang K, Han J, Jiang S. Micro- and nano-fibrils of manau rattan and solvent-exchange-induced high-haze transparent holocellulose nanofibril film. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sadrmanesh V, Chen Y. Selected Properties of Two Alternative Plant Fibers: Canola and Sweet Clover Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7877. [PMID: 36431363 PMCID: PMC9699566 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sustainable resources of natural fibers is essential due to their high demand in industrial applications such as automotive and biomedical materials. Two alternative fibers obtained from canola and sweet clover stalks were characterized for their properties using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and tensile test. Hemp and flax fibers, both in use as industrial fibers, were also characterized as conventional fibers. Results showed that all the fibers had the same chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and potassium) and chemical bonds. The crystallinity index for the alternative fibers ranged from 62 to 71%, which was close but lower than the conventional fibers (82% for hemp and 80% for flax). The thermal stability of the alternative fibers was around 220 °C, close to the conventional fibers (230 °C). The alternative fibers had contact angles of less than 90°, showing high surface energy. Since the alternative fibers had a low Young's modulus and tensile strength (5.57-8.52 GPa and 57.45-71.26 MPa, respectively), they are suitable for some specific applications in the biomedical industry. In contrast, conventional fibers are suitable where a higher stiffness and strength is required.
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Guo X, Xu B, Ma Z, Li Y, Li D. Performance Analysis Based on Sustainability Exergy Indicators of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710111. [PMID: 36077509 PMCID: PMC9456530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on finite-time thermodynamics, an irreversible high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) model is developed, and the mathematical expressions of exergy efficiency, exergy destruction index (EDI), and exergy sustainability indicators (ESI) of HT-PEMFC are derived. According to HT-PEMFC model, the influences of thermodynamic irreversibility on exergy sustainability of HT-PEMFC are researched under different operating parameters that include operating temperatures, inlet pressure, and current density. The results show that the higher operating temperature and inlet pressure of HT-PEMFCs is beneficial to performance improvement. In addition, the single cell performance gradually decreases with increasing current density due to the presence of the irreversibility of HT-PEMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheshu Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-7665-9269
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Qiu L, Yang W, Hu X, Li W. High Performance Study of Lithium Carboxymethylcellulose as Water‐Soluble Binder for Lithium Supplementation in Lithium Batteries. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 PR China
| | - XueBu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 PR China
| | - WenSheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 PR China
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