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Inoue Y, Kumagai K, Ishikawa K, Kato I, Kusaba Y, Naka T, Nagashima K, Choe H, Ike H, Kobayashi N, Inaba Y. Increased Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling is associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1880-1889. [PMID: 38440852 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between chondrogenic differentiation and Wnt signal expression in the degenerative process of the human meniscus. Menisci were obtained from patients with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA), and degeneration was histologically assessed using a grading system. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis were performed to examine the expressions of chondrogenic markers and of the components of Wnt signaling. Histological analyses showed that meniscal degeneration involved a transition from a fibroblastic to a chondrogenic phenotype with the upregulation of SOX9, collagen type II, collagen type XI, and aggrecan, which were associated with increased Wnt5a and ROR2 and decreased TCF7 expressions. OA menisci showed significantly higher expressions of Wnt5a and ROR2 and significantly lower expressions of AXIN2 and TCF7 than non-OA menisci on real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. These results potentially demonstrated that increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling promoted chondrogenesis with decreased expression in downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This study provides insights into the role of Wnt signaling in the process of meniscal degeneration, shifting to a chondrogenic phenotype. The findings suggested that the increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 and decreased expression of the downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kimi Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Youhei Kusaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuma Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hyonmin Choe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ike
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Toyono S, Suzuki A, Wanezaki Y, Takahara D, Ohe R, Fukushima S, Futakuchi M, Takagi M. Predicting anterior cruciate ligament degeneration using magnetic resonance imaging: Insights from histological evaluation. J Orthop Sci 2024:S0949-2658(24)00090-3. [PMID: 38772763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament is a pathological condition that may impair knee mechanics and contribute to the symptomatology of osteoarthritis. This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative magnetic resonance imaging can predict anterior cruciate ligament degeneration, specifically mucoid degeneration, and to elucidate the histopathological characteristics of mucoid degeneration in knee osteoarthritis patients. METHODS We evaluated a total of 95 knees of osteoarthritis patients (23 males, 72 females; mean age: 72.7 ± 7.5) scheduled for total knee arthroplasty. The relationship between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings and the histopathological evidence of anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration was examined. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed for collagen types (COL-I, COL-II), chondrogenesis (SOX9), and vascularity (CD31). RESULTS High signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging showed a positive correlation with Alcian Blue staining areas (rs = 0.59, p < 0.01) and the swelling index (rs = 0.62, p < 0.01), indicating advanced mucoid degeneration. The absence of synovial lining around the anterior cruciate ligament was associated with more severe degeneration. In the histological evaluations, advanced degeneration was characterized by an increase in chondroid metaplasia and collagen disorientation. The Alcian Blue and SOX9 correlation was positive (rs = 0.69, p < 0.01), but negative with COL-I (rs = -0.38, p = 0.03) and vascularity (CD31) (rs = -0.60, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging is an effective tool in assessing the severity of anterior cruciate ligament degeneration; it influences surgical decisions. High signal intensity on magnetic resonance images denotes advanced mucoid degeneration. The absence of synovial lining around the anterior cruciate ligament is associated with more severe degeneration and may accelerate degenerative changes. Chondroid metaplasia and collagen disorientation mark advanced degeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to gauge the degree of anterior cruciate ligament degeneration in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Toyono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Yamagata Saisei Hospital, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8545, Japan.
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Wanezaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Takahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ohe
- Department of Pathology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Fukushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Yamagata Saisei Hospital, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8545, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Pathology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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Tokumoto M, Nakasa T, Nekomoto A, Ishikawa M, Ikuta Y, Miyaki S, Adachi N. Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide induces ligament degeneration through endochondral ossification in osteoarthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:1932-1941. [PMID: 37452551 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease in which degeneration occurs in various tissues such as cartilage and subchondral bone. Degeneration of ligaments also plays an important role in OA progression, resulting in an increase in chondrocytes and ossification, but the factor that causes this is still unclear. It is reported that the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increases OA progression, and CGRP might play a role in ligament degeneration because CGRP has a function in endochondral ossification. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism of ligament degeneration and the function of CGRP. METHODS To examine the relationship between ligament degeneration and CGRP expression, human posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL) from OA patients, and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were histologically analyzed. The effect of CGRP on human ligament cells on chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis was also examined. RESULTS In human PCL and SAMP8 mice, CGRP expression increased as degeneration progressed, and decreased in severe degeneration. CGRP was expressed in the chondrocyte-like cells with SOX9. CGRP-positive cells expressing type II collagen increased with OA progression. CGRP upregulated the gene expression of VEGF, SOX9, RUNX2, COL10a1, and MMP13 in the human ligament cells. CGRP also promoted chondrogenesis and osteogenesis from the human ligament cells. CONCLUSION During OA progression, CGRP plays a role in the transdifferentiation from ligament cells to chondrocytes and promotes endochondral ossification in the ligament. CGRP would be the therapeutic target to prevent ligament degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Tokumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Medical Center for Translation and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akinori Nekomoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Artificial Joints and Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ikuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Medical Center for Translation and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Siu WS, Ma H, Ko CH, Shiu HT, Cheng W, Lee YW, Kot CH, Leung PC, Lui PPY. Rat Plantar Fascia Stem/Progenitor Cells Showed Lower Expression of Ligament Markers and Higher Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines after Intensive Mechanical Loading or Interleukin-1β Treatment In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:2222. [PMID: 37759446 PMCID: PMC10526819 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of plantar fasciitis is unclear, which hampers the development of an effective treatment. The altered fate of plantar fascia stem/progenitor cells (PFSCs) under overuse-induced inflammation might contribute to the pathogenesis. This study aimed to isolate rat PFSCs and compared their stem cell-related properties with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The effects of inflammation and intensive mechanical loading on PFSCs' functions were also examined. We showed that plantar fascia-derived cells (PFCs) expressed common MSC surface markers and embryonic stemness markers. They expressed lower Nanog but higher Oct4 and Sox2, proliferated faster and formed more colonies compared to BMSCs. Although PFCs showed higher chondrogenic differentiation potential, they showed low osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential upon induction compared to BMSCs. The expression of ligament markers was higher in PFCs than in BMSCs. The isolated PFCs were hence PFSCs. Both IL-1β and intensive mechanical loading suppressed the mRNA expression of ligament markers but increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in PFSCs. In summary, rat PFSCs were successfully isolated. They had poor multi-lineage differentiation potential compared to BMSCs. Inflammation after overuse altered the fate and inflammatory status of PFSCs, which might lead to poor ligament differentiation of PFSCs and extracellular matrix degeneration. Rat PFSCs can be used as an in vitro model for studying the effects of intensive mechanical loading-induced inflammation on matrix degeneration and erroneous stem/progenitor cell differentiation in plantar fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Ting Shiu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuk Wa Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Hin Kot
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pauline Po Yee Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tokumoto M, Nakasa T, Shirakawa Y, Nekomoto A, Ikuta Y, Ishikawa M, Miyaki S, Adachi N. The role of substance P on maintaining ligament homeostasis by inhibiting endochondral ossification during osteoarthritis progression. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:82-92. [PMID: 35856812 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2099847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the degeneration of various tissues, including ligaments. However, pathological changes such as chondrogenesis and ossification in ligaments during OA are still unclear. Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide, has various functions including bone metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of SP in OA ligaments, and the therapeutic potential of SP agonists in OA mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expressions of SP, SOX9, and MMP13 were histologically analyzed in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in humans with OA and Senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as a spontaneous OA model. The effect of SP agonists on chondrogenesis was evaluated using human ligament cells. Finally, SP agonists were administered intraperitoneally to destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mice, and the PCL was histologically evaluated. RESULTS In PCL of humans and mice, the expression of SP, SOX9, and MMP13 was upregulated as OA progressed, but their expression was downregulated in severe degeneration. SP and SOX9 were co-expressed in chondrocyte-like cells. In ligament cells, SP agonists downregulated SOX9, RUNX2, and COL10A1. On evaluating chondrogenesis in ligament cells, pellet diameter was reduced in those treated with the SP agonists compared to those untreated. Administration of SP agonists ameliorated PCL degeneration in DMM mice. The Osteoarthritis Research Society and ligament scores in mice with SP agonists were significantly lower than those without SP agonists. CONCLUSIONS SP plays an important role in maintaining ligament homeostasis by inhibiting endochondral ossification during OA progression. Targeting SP has therapeutic potential for preventing ligament degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Tokumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shirakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akinori Nekomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Artificial Joints and Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Shimada M, Kanno N, Ichinohe T, Suzuki S, Harada Y, Hara Y. Prophylactic Efficacy of Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy for a Canine Model with Experimentally Induced Degeneration of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021; 35:18-25. [PMID: 34547788 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the histological effects of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on cranial cruciate ligament degeneration induced by excessive tibial plateau angle. STUDY DESIGN Five female Beagles were used to bilaterally create excessive tibial plateau angle models surgically. A second tibial plateau levelling osteotomy was performed 11 months after the first surgery on the right stifle (tibial plateau levelling osteotomy group), and a sham operation that did not change the tibial plateau angle was performed on the left stifle (excessive tibial plateau angle group). At 6 months after the second surgery, the dogs were euthanatized. The cranial cruciate ligament was stained with haematoxylin-eosin to assess the cell density, Alcian-Blue to assess proteoglycans and Elastica-Eosin to assess elastic fibres, and immunohistochemically stained to assess type I (COL1) and type II collagen and SRY-type HMG box 9 (SOX9) expression. RESULTS In each group, the cranial cruciate ligament degeneration, especially on the tibial side, including the presence of Alcian-Blue- and Elastica-Eosin-positive regions, decreased in COL1-positive regions, and enhancement of SOX9 expression was observed. Besides, compared with the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy group, the excessive tibial plateau angle group showed increases in Alcian-Blue- and Elastica-Eosin-positive regions and a decrease in the COL1-positive regions. CONCLUSION The results suggested that excessive tibial plateau angle-induced cranial cruciate ligament degeneration can be suppressed by reducing the biomechanical load on the cranial cruciate ligament by performing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Shimada
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kanno
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tom Ichinohe
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Suzuki
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Harada
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hara
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Ide K, Takahashi S, Sakai K, Taga Y, Ueno T, Dickens D, Jenkins R, Falciani F, Sasaki T, Ooi K, Kawashiri S, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Sakai T. The dipeptide prolyl-hydroxyproline promotes cellular homeostasis and lamellipodia-driven motility via active β1-integrin in adult tendon cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100819. [PMID: 34029590 PMCID: PMC8239475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-derived hydroxyproline (Hyp)-containing peptides have a variety of biological effects on cells. These bioactive collagen peptides are locally generated by the degradation of endogenous collagen in response to injury. However, no comprehensive study has yet explored the functional links between Hyp-containing peptides and cellular behavior. Here, we show that the dipeptide prolyl-4-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) exhibits pronounced effects on mouse tendon cells. Pro-Hyp promotes differentiation/maturation of tendon cells with modulation of lineage-specific factors and induces significant chemotactic activity in vitro. In addition, Pro-Hyp has profound effects on cell proliferation, with significantly upregulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and extracellular matrix production and increased type I collagen network organization. Using proteomics, we have predicted molecular transport, cellular assembly and organization, and cellular movement as potential linked-network pathways that could be altered in response to Pro-Hyp. Mechanistically, cells treated with Pro-Hyp demonstrate increased directional persistence and significantly increased directed motility and migration velocity. They are accompanied by elongated lamellipodial protrusions with increased levels of active β1-integrin-containing focal contacts, as well as reorganization of thicker peripheral F-actin fibrils. Pro-Hyp-mediated chemotactic activity is significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in cells treated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or the α5β1-integrin antagonist ATN-161. Furthermore, ATN-161 significantly inhibits uptake of Pro-Hyp into adult tenocytes. Thus, our findings document the molecular basis of the functional benefits of the Pro-Hyp dipeptide in cellular behavior. These dynamic properties of collagen-derived Pro-Hyp dipeptide could lead the way to its application in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ide
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sanai Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Keiko Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ueno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - David Dickens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosalind Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takao Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Sumida Y, Nakasa T, Ishikawa M, Nakamae A, Adachi N. The evaluation of degeneration of posterior cruciate ligament using CT Hounsfield unit in knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:309. [PMID: 33771140 PMCID: PMC8004421 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) degeneration is often seen in knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, there is no established method for its evaluation. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Hounsfield unit (HU) using computed tomography (CT) could be a useful scale to evaluate the degeneration of PCL in knee OA. Methods Knee OA treated with total knee arthroplasty (21 patients, 21 knees) and non-osteoarthritic knees (21 patients, 21 knees) were retrospectively observed and studied. All PCLs in the knees were analyzed using CT. The PCL in the sagittal section was divided into three regions: proximal, middle, and distal sections. The HU value of the PCL at each area was measured. In osteoarthritic knees, tissues from the PCL were collected and histologically graded. The correlation between the radiological classification by Kellgren and Lawrence and the histological grade was analyzed. The average CT HU values for each degenerative grade were also calculated and compared. Results The HU values in OA and non-OA were 70.7 and 88.4 HU (p < 0.05) at the proximal region, 75.7 and 85.3 HU (p < 0.05) in the central region, and 82.3 and 86.5 HU (p > 0.05) in the distal region, respectively. The degeneration of PCL was graded as follows: one, three, and 17 mild, moderate, and severe cases at the proximal portion, and 16, 4, and one mild, moderate, and severe cases at the distal portion, respectively. The radiological classification and the grade of degeneration were not correlated in either the proximal (r = 0.047, p = 0.84) or the distal (r = − 0.21, p = 0.35) portions. The HU value was 84.5, 72.1, and 70.6 HU for mild, moderate, and severe grades, respectively (mild versus moderate: p < 0.05, mild versus severe: p < 0.05, moderate versus severe: p > 0.05). Conclusions In knee OA, a lower HU value in the PCL indicates the progression of degeneration. The CT HU value could be a useful measurement to predict the grade of PCL degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Sumida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakamae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Dexamethasone causes calcium deposition and degeneration in human anterior cruciate ligament cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113918. [PMID: 32194056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexamethasone is widely used in the treatment of joint diseases due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, it can cause serious adverse effects. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important stabilizer of the knee joint. However, the effect of dexamethasone treatment on the ACL is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effects of dexamethasone on ACL tissues and cells through in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS In vitro, we found that after treatment with dexamethasone, human ACL cell apoptosis was increased, type I collagen (COL1A1) content was decreased, mineralization related genes (ENPP1 and ANKH) and calcified nodules were increased, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was enhanced. However, ERS inhibitors could significantly inhibit the increase in calcification and the decrease in COL1A1 induced by dexamethasone. In vivo, Wistar rats received the infra-articular injection with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. We found that dexamethasone treatment decreased the COL1A1 content and increased the COL2A1 content in the ACL tissues of rats and that chondroid differentiation and mineralization occurred. Meanwhile, the expression of ERS-related proteins was increased. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone increased the calcification of ACL cells and caused ACL degeneration through ERS, suggesting that long-term treatment with dexamethasone may cause adverse effects on ACL tissue and increase the risk of long-term rupture.
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Intraarticular Ligament Degeneration Is Interrelated with Cartilage and Bone Destruction in Osteoarthritis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090990. [PMID: 31462003 PMCID: PMC6769780 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) induces inflammation and degeneration of all joint components including cartilage, joint capsule, bone and bone marrow, and ligaments. Particularly intraarticular ligaments, which connect the articulating bones such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscotibial ligaments, fixing the fibrocartilaginous menisci to the tibial bone, are prone to the inflamed joint milieu in OA. However, the pathogenesis of ligament degeneration on the cellular level, most likely triggered by OA associated inflammation, remains poorly understood. Hence, this review sheds light into the intimate interrelation between ligament degeneration, synovitis, joint cartilage degradation, and dysbalanced subchondral bone remodeling. Various features of ligament degeneration accompanying joint cartilage degradation have been reported including chondroid metaplasia, cyst formation, heterotopic ossification, and mucoid and fatty degenerations. The entheses of ligaments, fixing ligaments to the subchondral bone, possibly influence the localization of subchondral bone lesions. The transforming growth factor (TGF)β/bone morphogenetic (BMP) pathway could present a link between degeneration of the osteochondral unit and ligaments with misrouted stem cell differentiation as one likely reason for ligament degeneration, but less studied pathways such as complement activation could also contribute to inflammation. Facilitation of OA progression by changed biomechanics of degenerated ligaments should be addressed in more detail in the future.
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11
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Davis JE, Harkey MS, Ward RJ, MacKay JW, Lu B, Price LL, Eaton CB, Lo GH, Barbe MF, McAlindon TE, Driban JB. Accelerated knee osteoarthritis is associated with pre-radiographic degeneration of the extensor mechanism and cruciate ligaments: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:308. [PMID: 31253142 PMCID: PMC6599240 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine if adults with incident accelerated knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are more likely to have degenerative knee ligaments or tendons compared to individuals with typical or no KOA. Methods We identified 3 sex-matched groups among Osteoarthritis Initiative participants who had a knee without radiographic KOA at baseline (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] < 2): 1) accelerated KOA: at least 1 knee had KL grade ≥ 3 in ≤48 months, 2) typical KOA: at least 1 knee increased in radiographic scoring within 48 months, 3) no KOA: both knees had the same KL grade at baseline and 48 months. We evaluated knee magnetic resonance images up to 2 years before and after a visit when the accelerated or typical KOA criteria were met (index visit). Radiologists reported degenerative signal changes for cruciate and collateral ligaments, and extensor mechanism and proximal gastrocnemius tendons. We used generalized linear mixed models with 2 independent variables: group and time. Results Starting at least 2 years before onset, adults with accelerated KOA were twice as likely to have degenerative cruciate ligaments than no KOA (odds ratio = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.18, 3.74). A weaker association (not statistically significant) was detected for adults with accelerated versus typical KOA (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 0.99, 3.02). Regardless of time, adults with accelerated (odds ratio = 2.13) or typical KOA (odds ratio = 2.16) were twice as likely to have a degenerative extensor mechanism than no KOA. No other structural features were statistically significant. Conclusions Degenerative cruciate ligaments or extensor mechanism antedate radiographic onset of accelerated KOA. Hence, knee instability may precede accelerated KOA, which might help identify patients at high-risk for accelerated KOA and novel prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Matthew S Harkey
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Robert J Ward
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - James W MacKay
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bing Lu
- Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street PBB-B3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #63, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box #63, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 111 Brewster Street, Pawtucket, RI, 02860, USA
| | - Grace H Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM-285, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Timothy E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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12
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Harkey MS, Davis JE, Lu B, Price LL, Ward RJ, MacKay JW, Eaton CB, Lo GH, Barbe MF, Zhang M, Pang J, Stout AC, McAlindon TE, Driban JB. Early pre-radiographic structural pathology precedes the onset of accelerated knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:241. [PMID: 31113401 PMCID: PMC6530034 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) is characterized by more pain, impaired physical function, and greater likelihood to receive a joint replacement compared to individuals who develop the typical gradual onset of disease. Prognostic tools are needed to determine which structural pathologies precede the development of AKOA compared to individuals without AKOA. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript was to determine which pre-radiographic structural features precede the development of AKOA. METHODS The sample comprised participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) who had at least one radiographically normal knee at baseline (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grade < 1). Participants were classified into 2 groups based on radiographic progression from baseline to 48 months: AKOA (KL grade change from < 1 to > 3) and No AKOA. The index visit was the study visit when participants met criteria for AKOA or a matched timepoint for those who did not develop AKOA. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were assessed for 12 structural features at the OAI baseline, and 1 and 2 years prior to the index visit. Separate logistic regression models (i.e. OAI baseline, 1 and 2 years prior) were used to determine which pre-radiographic structural features were more likely to antedate the development of AKOA compared to individuals not developing AKOA. RESULTS At the OAI baseline visit, degenerative cruciate ligaments (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.3,3.5), infrapatellar fat pad signal intensity alteration (OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.2,3.2), medial/lateral meniscal pathology (OR = 2.1/2.4, 95%CI = 1.3,3.4/1.5,3.8), and greater quantitative knee effusion-synovitis (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.4,3.4) were more likely to antedate the development of AKOA when compared to those that did not develop AKOA. These results were similar at one and two years prior to disease onset. Additionally, medial meniscus extrusion at one year prior to disease onset (OR = 3.5, 95%CI = 2.1,6.0) increased the likelihood of developing AKOA. CONCLUSIONS Early ligamentous degeneration, effusion/synovitis, and meniscal pathology precede the onset of AKOA and may be prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Harkey
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Julie E Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Bing Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Ward
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W MacKay
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - Grace H Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Computer Science & Networking, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alina C Stout
- Public Health Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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13
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Sakabe T, Sakai K, Maeda T, Sunaga A, Furuta N, Schweitzer R, Sasaki T, Sakai T. Transcription factor scleraxis vitally contributes to progenitor lineage direction in wound healing of adult tendon in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5766-5780. [PMID: 29507095 PMCID: PMC5912447 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a dense connective tissue that transmits high mechanical forces from skeletal muscle to bone. The transcription factor scleraxis (Scx) is a highly specific marker of both precursor and mature tendon cells (tenocytes). Mice lacking scx exhibit a specific and virtually complete loss of tendons during development. However, the functional contribution of Scx to wound healing in adult tendon has not yet been fully characterized. Here, using ScxGFP-tracking and loss-of-function systems, we show in an adult mouse model of Achilles tendon injury that paratenon cells, representing a stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1)-positive and Scx-negative progenitor subpopulation, display Scx induction, migrate to the wound site, and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) to bridge the defect, whereas resident tenocytes exhibit a delayed response. Scx induction in the progenitors is initiated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. scx-deficient mice had migration of Sca-1-positive progenitor cell to the lesion site but impaired ECM assembly to bridge the defect. Mechanistically, scx-null progenitors displayed higher chondrogenic potential with up-regulation of SRY-box 9 (Sox9) coactivator PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in vitro, and knock-in analysis revealed that forced expression of full-length scx significantly inhibited Sox9 expression. Accordingly, scx-null wounds formed cartilage-like tissues that developed ectopic ossification. Our findings indicate a critical role of Scx in a progenitor-cell lineage in wound healing of adult mouse tendon. These progenitor cells could represent targets in strategies to facilitate tendon repair. We propose that this lineage-regulatory mechanism in tissue progenitors could apply to a broader set of tissues or biological systems in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sakabe
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Keiko Sakai
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Toru Maeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ataru Sunaga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Nao Furuta
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon 97239, and
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takao Sakai
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom,
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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14
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Ruschke K, Meier C, Ullah M, Krebs AC, Silberreis K, Kohl B, Knaus P, Jagielski M, Arens S, Schulze-Tanzil G. Bone morphogenetic protein 2/SMAD signalling in human ligamentocytes of degenerated and aged anterior cruciate ligaments. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1816-1825. [PMID: 27208419 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) degeneration leads to knee instability and favors osteoarthritis (OA) progression. During ageing the growth factor sensitivity of ligaments changes but nothing is known about BMP2-signalling and -sensitivity in degenerated ACLs. This study addressed the question whether a dysregulated BMP2 signalling might contribute to age- and OA-dependent ACL degeneration. METHOD ACL samples from patients with/without OA of different ages (<60 and ≥60 years, males, females) were graded histopathologically (n = 45). After stimulation of cultured ACL fibroblasts with 5 nM BMP2 for different time points, phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 and gene expression of crucial BMP2 signalling proteins, ligamentogenic and chondrogenic transcription factors, scleraxis (SCX) and SOX9, were analyzed. RESULTS ACL samples displayed different grades of degeneration, often associated with synovitis and calcium deposits. Degeneration correlated significantly with synovitis. ACL fibroblasts expressed BMP type I receptors ALK3 and ALK6 and the BMP type II receptor BMPRII. Donors could be divided into "responders" and "non responders" since their BMP2 mediated SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation level differed. Basal ID1 expression was lower in cells derived from OA compared with non-OA patients and BMP2 led to an ID1 induction in both. Irrespective of BMP2 stimulation, the donor age significantly influenced the expression profile of BMP6 and SCX but not BMP signalling. The BMP2-mediated SMAD6 expression differed between OA and healthy ACL fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the expression level of BMP2/SMAD target genes such as ID1 and SMAD6 was reduced in ACL fibroblasts derived from OA compared with non OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ruschke
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Meier
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Ullah
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A-C Krebs
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Silberreis
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Kohl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Jagielski
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Arens
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Schulze-Tanzil
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
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15
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Guo W, Miller AD, Pencina K, Wong S, Lee A, Yee M, Toraldo G, Jasuja R, Bhasin S. Joint dysfunction and functional decline in middle age myostatin null mice. Bone 2016; 83:141-148. [PMID: 26549246 PMCID: PMC5461924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery as a potent inhibitor for muscle development, myostatin has been actively pursued as a drug target for age- and disease-related muscle loss. However, potential adverse effects of long-term myostatin deficiency have not been thoroughly investigated. We report herein that male myostatin null mice (mstn(-/-)), in spite of their greater muscle mass compared to wild-type (wt) mice, displayed more significant functional decline from young (3-6months) to middle age (12-15months) than age-matched wt mice, measured as gripping strength and treadmill endurance. Mstn(-/-) mice displayed markedly restricted ankle mobility and degenerative changes of the ankle joints, including disorganization of bone, tendon and peri-articular connective tissue, as well as synovial thickening with inflammatory cell infiltration. Messenger RNA expression of several pro-osteogenic genes was higher in the Achilles tendon-bone insertion in mstn(-/-) mice than wt mice, even at the neonatal age. At middle age, higher plasma concentrations of growth factors characteristic of excessive bone remodeling were found in mstn(-/-) mice than wt controls. These data collectively indicate that myostatin may play an important role in maintaining ankle and wrist joint health, possibly through negative regulation of the pro-osteogenic WNT/BMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men's Health, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Karol Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Siu Wong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Amanda Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Michael Yee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Gianluca Toraldo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Ravi Jasuja
- Research Program in Men's Health, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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16
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Park DY, Min BH, Choi BH, Kim YJ, Kim M, Suh-Kim H, Kim JH. The Degeneration of Meniscus Roots Is Accompanied by Fibrocartilage Formation, Which May Precede Meniscus Root Tears in Osteoarthritic Knees. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:3034-44. [PMID: 26430056 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515605086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrocartilage metaplasia in tendons and ligaments is an adaptation to compression as well as a pathological feature during degeneration. Medial meniscus posterior roots are unique ligaments that resist multidirectional forces, including compression. PURPOSE To characterize the degeneration of medial meniscus posterior root tears in osteoarthritic knees, with an emphasis on fibrocartilage and calcification. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Samples of medial meniscus posterior roots were harvested from cadaveric specimens and patients during knee replacement surgery and grouped as follows: normal reference, no tear, partial tear, and complete tear. Degeneration was analyzed with histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on specimens with and without fibrocartilage. Quantifiable data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn comparison test. RESULTS Thirty, 28, and 42 samples harvested from 99 patients were allocated into the no tear, partial tear, and complete tear groups, respectively. Mean modified Bonar tendinopathy scores for each group were 3.97, 9.31, and 14.15, respectively, showing a higher degree of degeneration associated with the extent of the tear (P < .05 for all groups). The characterization of root matrices revealed an increase in fibrocartilage according to the extent of the tear. Tear margins revealed fibrocartilage in 59.3% of partial tear samples and 76.2% of complete tear samples, with a distinctive cleavage-like shape. Root tears with a similar shape were induced within fibrocartilaginous areas during uniaxial tensile testing. Even in the no tear group, 56.7% of samples showed fibrocartilage in the anterior margin of the root, adjacent to the meniscus. An increased stained area of calcification and expression of the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene were observed in the complete tear group compared with the no tear group (P < .0001 and P = .24, respectively). CONCLUSION Fibrocartilage and calcification increased in medial meniscus posterior roots, associated with the degree of the tear. Both findings, which impair the ligament's resistance to tension, may play a pivotal role during the pathogenesis of degenerative meniscus root tears in osteoarthritic knees. Fibrocartilage and calcification may be useful as diagnostic markers as well as markers of degeneration, which may aid in determining the treatment modality in meniscus root tears. The presence of fibrocartilage in intact roots may suggest an impending tear in osteoarthritic knees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Park
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea Cell Therapy Center, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Jick Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Haeyoung Suh-Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea BK21-Division of Cell Transformation and Restoration, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ho Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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17
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Histological and immunohistological analysis of degenerative changes in the cranial cruciate ligament in a canine model of excessive tibial plateau angle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2015; 28:240-9. [PMID: 25998226 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-14-08-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create a canine model of excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA) and assess the chondroid metaplasia and extracellular matrix alteration in the cranial cruciate ligament. METHODS Seven mature female Beagles were included. Cylindrical osteotomy was performed bilaterally in the proximal tibia. The TPA was increased to approximately 40° in the left tibia (eTPA stifle) and left unchanged in the right tibia (control stifle). Exercise stress was started at three months postoperatively, and at 12 months postoperatively the dogs were euthanatized and the cranial cruciate ligaments were collected. The specimens were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining to assess the ligamentocyte morphology and immunostaining to assess the type I (COLI), type II (COLII), and type III (COLIII) collagen, and the sry-type HMG box 9 (SOX9) staining. RESULTS Macroscopic cranial cruciate ligament injury was absent in six dogs but present in the eTPA stifle of one dog, which was excluded from the analysis. The ligamentocyte density decreased and the percentage of round ligamentocytes increased in the eTPA stifles. The COLII, COLIII, and SOX9 staining increased significantly and COLI deposition decreased in the eTPA stifles compared to the control stifle. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix changed, COLI deposition decreased, and COLIII and SOX9 staining increased in the cranial cruciate ligament of the eTPA stifles. SOX9 may contribute to COLII synthesis in the extracellular matrix of the cranial cruciate ligament in eTPA stifles, and eTPA may promote chondroid metaplasia and extracellular matrix alteration.
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18
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Ichinohe T, Kanno N, Harada Y, Yogo T, Tagawa M, Soeta S, Amasaki H, Hara Y. Degenerative changes of the cranial cruciate ligament harvested from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:761-70. [PMID: 25716871 PMCID: PMC4527496 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is characterized histologically by degenerating extracellular matrix (ECM) and chondroid metaplasia. Here, we describe the progression of chondroid metaplasia and the changes in the expression of ECM components in canine CCL rupture (CCLR). CCLs from 26 stifle joints with CCLR (CCLR group) and normal CCLs from 12 young beagles (control group) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for expression of type I (COLI), type II (COLII), type III collagen (COLIII) and Sry-type HMG box 9 (SOX9). Cell density and morphology of CCLs were quantified using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The percentage of round cells was higher in the CCLR group than in controls. COLI-positive areas were seen extensively in the connecting fibers, but weakly represented in the cytoplasm of normal CCLs. In the CCLR group, there were fewer COLI-positive areas, but many COLI-positive cells. The percentages of COLII-, COLIII- and SOX9-positive cells were higher in the CCLR group than in controls. The number of spindle cells with perinuclear halo was high in the CCLR group, and most of these cells were SOX9-positive. Deposition of COLI, the main ECM component of ligaments, decreased with increased COLIII expression in degenerated CCL tissue, which shows that the deposition of the ECM is changed in CCLR. On the contrary, expression of SOX9 increased, which may contribute to the synthesis of cartilage matrix. The expression of COLII and SOX9 in ligamentocytes showed that these cells tend to differentiate into chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ichinohe
- The Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Han WM, Heo SJ, Driscoll TP, Smith LJ, Mauck RL, Elliott DM. Macro- to microscale strain transfer in fibrous tissues is heterogeneous and tissue-specific. Biophys J 2014; 105:807-17. [PMID: 23931328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical deformation applied at the joint or tissue level is transmitted through the macroscale extracellular matrix to the microscale local matrix, where it is transduced to cells within these tissues and modulates tissue growth, maintenance, and repair. The objective of this study was to investigate how applied tissue strain is transferred through the local matrix to the cell and nucleus in meniscus, tendon, and the annulus fibrosus, as well as in stem cell-seeded scaffolds engineered to reproduce the organized microstructure of these native tissues. To carry out this study, we developed a custom confocal microscope-mounted tensile testing device and simultaneously monitored strain across multiple length scales. Results showed that mean strain was heterogeneous and significantly attenuated, but coordinated, at the local matrix level in native tissues (35-70% strain attenuation). Conversely, freshly seeded scaffolds exhibited very direct and uniform strain transfer from the tissue to the local matrix level (15-25% strain attenuation). In addition, strain transfer from local matrix to cells and nuclei was dependent on fiber orientation and tissue type. Histological analysis suggested that different domains exist within these fibrous tissues, with most of the tissue being fibrous, characterized by an aligned collagen structure and elongated cells, and other regions being proteoglycan (PG)-rich, characterized by a dense accumulation of PGs and rounder cells. In meniscus, the observed heterogeneity in strain transfer correlated strongly with cellular morphology, where rounder cells located in PG-rich microdomains were shielded from deformation, while elongated cells in fibrous microdomains deformed readily. Collectively, these findings suggest that different tissues utilize distinct strain-attenuating mechanisms according to their unique structure and cellular phenotype, and these differences likely alter the local biologic response of such tissues and constructs in response to mechanical perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin M Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Nakahara H, Hasegawa A, Otabe K, Ayabe F, Matsukawa T, Onizuka N, Ito Y, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H. Transcription factor Mohawk and the pathogenesis of human anterior cruciate ligament degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2081-9. [PMID: 23686683 DOI: 10.1002/art.38020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and function of Mohawk (MKX) in human adult anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue and ligament cells from normal and osteoarthritis (OA)-affected knees. METHODS Knee joints were obtained at autopsy (within 24-48 hours postmortem) from 13 donors with normal knees (mean ± SD age 36.9 ± 11.0 years), 16 donors with knee OA (age 79.7 ± 11.4 years), and 8 aging donors without knee OA (age 76.9 ± 12.9 years). All cartilage surfaces were graded macroscopically. MKX expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ACL-derived cells were used to study regulation of MKX expression by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). MKX was knocked down with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to analyze the function of MKX in extracellular matrix (ECM) production and differentiation in ACL-derived cells. RESULTS The expression of MKX was significantly decreased in ACL-derived cells from OA knees compared with normal knees. Consistent with this finding, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that MKX-positive cells were significantly reduced in ACL tissue from OA donors, in particular in cells located in disorientated fibers. In ACL-derived cells, IL-1β strongly suppressed MKX expression and reduced expression of the ligament ECM genes COL1A1 and TNXB. In contrast, SOX9, a chondrocyte master transcription factor, was up-regulated by IL-1β treatment. Importantly, knockdown of MKX expression with siRNA up-regulated SOX9 expression in ACL-derived cells, whereas the expression of COL1A1 and TNXB was reduced. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of MKX is a feature of degenerated ACL in OA-affected joints, and this may be mediated in part by IL-1β. MKX appears necessary to maintain the tissue-specific cellular differentiation status and ECM production in adult human tendons and ligaments.
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