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Stassen RHMJ, van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Housmans BAC, Cremers A, Caron MMJ, Smagul A, Peffers MJ, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM. Unravelling the Basic Calcium Phosphate crystal-dependent chondrocyte protein secretome; a role for TGF-β signaling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1035-1046. [PMID: 37075856 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) crystals play an active role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the cellular consequences remain largely unknown. Therefore, we characterized for the first time the changes in the protein secretome of human OA articular chondrocytes as a result of BCP stimulation using two unbiased proteomic analysis methods. METHOD Isolated human OA articular chondrocytes were stimulated with BCP crystals and examined by Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) after twenty-four and forty-eight hours. Forty-eight hours conditioned media were analyzed by label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and an antibody array. The activity of BCP dependent Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) signaling was analyzed by RT-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays. The molecular consequences regarding BCP-dependent TGF-β signaling on BCP-dependent Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were investigated using specific pathway inhibitors. RESULTS Synthesized BCP crystals induced IL-6 expression and secretion upon stimulation of human articular chondrocytes. Concomitant induction of catabolic gene expression was observed. Analysis of conditioned media revealed a complex and diverse response with a large number of proteins involved in TGF-β signaling, both in activation of latent TGF-β and TGF-β superfamily members, which were increased compared to non-stimulated OA chondrocytes. Activity of this BCP driven TGF-β signaling was confirmed by increased activity of expression of TGF-β target genes and luciferase reporters. Inhibition of BCP driven TGF-β signaling resulted in decreased IL-6 expression and secretion with a moderate effect on catabolic gene expression. CONCLUSION BCP crystal stimulation resulted in a complex and diverse chondrocyte protein secretome response. An important role for BCP-dependent TGF-β signaling was identified in development of a pro-inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H M J Stassen
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B A C Housmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Smagul
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - M J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - L W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Gsmtx4 Alleviated Osteoarthritis through Piezo1/Calcineurin/NFAT1 Signaling Axis under Excessive Mechanical Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044022. [PMID: 36835440 PMCID: PMC9961447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive mechanical strain is the prominent risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), causing cartilage destruction and degeneration. However, the underlying molecular mechanism contributing to mechanical signaling transduction remains unclear in OA. Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) is a calcium-permeable mechanosensitive ion channel and provides mechanosensitivity to cells, but its role in OA development has not been determined. Herein, we found up-regulated expression of Piezo1 in OA cartilage, and that its activation contributes to chondrocyte apoptosis. The knockdown of Piezo1 could protect chondrocytes from apoptosis and maintain the catabolic and anabolic balance under mechanical strain. In vivo, Gsmtx4, a Piezo1 inhibitor, markedly ameliorated the progression of OA, inhibited the chondrocyte apoptosis, and accelerated the production of the cartilage matrix. Mechanistically, we observed the elevated activity of calcineurin (CaN) and the nuclear transfection of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) under mechanical strain in chondrocytes. Inhibitors of CaN or NFAT1 rescued the pathologic changes induced by mechanical strain in chondrocytes. Overall, our findings revealed that Piezo1 was the essential molecule response to mechanical signals and regulated apoptosis and cartilage matrix metabolism via the CaN/NFAT1 signaling axis in chondrocytes, and that Gsmtx4 could be an attractive therapeutic drug for OA treatment.
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Bernabei I, So A, Busso N, Nasi S. Cartilage calcification in osteoarthritis: mechanisms and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:10-27. [PMID: 36509917 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathological calcification of cartilage is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Calcification can be observed both at the cartilage surface and in its deeper layers. The formation of calcium-containing crystals, typically basic calcium phosphate (BCP) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPP) crystals, is an active, highly regulated and complex biological process that is initiated by chondrocytes and modified by genetic factors, dysregulated mitophagy or apoptosis, inflammation and the activation of specific cellular-signalling pathways. The links between OA and BCP deposition are stronger than those observed between OA and CPP deposition. Here, we review the molecular processes involved in cartilage calcification in OA and summarize the effects of calcium crystals on chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, macrophages and bone cells. Finally, we highlight therapeutic pathways leading to decreased joint calcification and potential new drugs that could treat not only OA but also other diseases associated with pathological calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bernabei
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander So
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Busso
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Nasi
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Gao W, Hasan H, Anderson DE, Lee W. The Role of Mechanically-Activated Ion Channels Piezo1, Piezo2, and TRPV4 in Chondrocyte Mechanotransduction and Mechano-Therapeutics for Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:885224. [PMID: 35602590 PMCID: PMC9114637 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.885224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical factors play critical roles in the pathogenesis of joint disorders like osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent progressive degenerative joint disease that causes debilitating pain. Chondrocytes in the cartilage are responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, and mechanical stimuli heavily influence cartilage maintenance, degeneration, and regeneration via mechanotransduction of chondrocytes. Thus, understanding the disease-associated mechanotransduction mechanisms can shed light on developing effective therapeutic strategies for OA through targeting mechanotransducers to halt progressive cartilage degeneration. Mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeating channels are robustly expressed in primary articular chondrocytes and trigger force-dependent cartilage remodeling and injury responses. This review discusses the current understanding of the roles of Piezo1, Piezo2, and TRPV4 mechanosensitive ion channels in cartilage health and disease with a highlight on the potential mechanotheraputic strategies to target these channels and prevent cartilage degeneration associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winni Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hamza Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Devon E. Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Whasil Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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5
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Gawri R, Bielecki R, Salter EW, Zelinka A, Shiba T, Collingridge G, Nagy A, Kandel RA. The anabolic effect of inorganic polyphosphate on chondrocytes is mediated by calcium signalling. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:310-322. [PMID: 33719091 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are polymers composed of phosphate residues linked by energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. As polyP can bind calcium, the hypothesis of this study is that polyP enters chondrocytes and exerts its anabolic effect by calcium influx through calcium channels. PolyP treatment of cartilage tissue formed in 3D culture by bovine chondrocytes showed an increase in proteoglycan accumulation but only when calcium was also present at a concentration of 1.5 mM. This anabolic effect could be prevented by treatment with either ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid or the calcium channel inhibitors gadolinium and nifedipine. Calcium and polyP cotreatment of chondrocytes in monolayer culture resulted in calcium oscillations that were polyP chain length specific and were inhibited by gadolinium and nifedipine. The calcium influx resulted in increased gene expression of sox9, collagen type II, and aggrecan which was prevented by treatment with either calphostin, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, and W7, an inhibitor of calmodulin; suggesting activation of the protein kinase C-calmodulin pathway. Tracing studies using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Mitotracker Red, and/or Fura-AM staining showed that polyP was detected in the nucleus, mitochondria, and intracellular vacuoles suggesting that polyP may also enter the cell. PolyP colocalizes with calcium in mitochondria. This study demonstrates that polyP requires the influx of calcium to regulate chondrocyte matrix production, likely via activating calcium signaling. These findings identify the mechanism regulating the anabolic effect of polyP in chondrocytes which will help in its clinical translation into a therapeutic agent for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gawri
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryszard Bielecki
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric W Salter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alena Zelinka
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toshikazu Shiba
- Regenetiss Inc., Kunitachi, Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Graham Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita A Kandel
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Galozzi P, Bindoli S, Luisetto R, Sfriso P, Ramonda R, Scanu A, Oliviero F. Regulation of crystal induced inflammation: current understandings and clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:773-787. [PMID: 34053376 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1937129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Accumulation of abnormal crystals in the body, derived from endogenous or exogenous materials can drive a wide spectrum of inflammatory disease states. It is well established that intra-articular deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophoshate (CPP) crystals contributes to joint destruction through pro-inflammatory processes.Areas covered: This review will focus on current understanding and recent novelty about the mechanisms and the clinical implications of the inflammation induced by MSU and CPP crystals.Expert opinion: Advances in molecular biology reveal that at the base of the inflammatory cascade, stimulated by MSU or CPP crystals, there are many complex cellular mechanisms mainly involving the NLRP3 inflammasome, the hallmark of autoinflammatory syndromes. The extensive studies carried out through in vitro and in vivo models along with a better clinical definition of the disease has led to an optimized use of existing drugs and the introduction of novel therapeutic strategies. In particular, the identification of IL-1 as the most important target in gout and pseudogout has made it possible to expand the pharmacological indications of anti-IL-1 biological drugs, opening new therapeutic perspectives for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Scanu
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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7
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Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Quaglino D. Apoptosis in the Extraosseous Calcification Process. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010131. [PMID: 33445441 PMCID: PMC7827519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraosseous calcification is a pathologic mineralization process occurring in soft connective tissues (e.g., skin, vessels, tendons, and cartilage). It can take place on a genetic basis or as a consequence of acquired chronic diseases. In this last case, the etiology is multifactorial, including both extra- and intracellular mechanisms, such as the formation of membrane vesicles (e.g., matrix vesicles and apoptotic bodies), mitochondrial alterations, and oxidative stress. This review is an overview of extraosseous calcification mechanisms focusing on the relationships between apoptosis and mineralization in cartilage and vascular tissues, as these are the two tissues mostly affected by a number of age-related diseases having a progressively increased impact in Western Countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnologies (CIB), Italy
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8
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Renaudin F, Sarda S, Campillo-Gimenez L, Séverac C, Léger T, Charvillat C, Rey C, Lioté F, Camadro JM, Ea HK, Combes C. Adsorption of Proteins on m-CPPD and Urate Crystals Inhibits Crystal-induced Cell Responses: Study on Albumin-crystal Interaction. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E18. [PMID: 31027151 PMCID: PMC6616386 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological effects and cellular activations triggered by monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (monoclinic: m-CPPD) crystals might be modulated by protein coating on the crystal surface. This study is aimed at: (i) Identifying proteins adsorbed on m-CPPD crystals, and the underlying mechanisms of protein adsorption, and (ii) to understand how protein coating did modulate the inflammatory properties of m-CPPD crystals. The effects of protein coating were assessed in vitro using primary macrophages and THP1 monocytes. Physico-chemical studies on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon m-CPPD crystals were performed. Adsorption of serum proteins, and BSA on MSU, as well as upon m-CPPD crystals, inhibited their capacity to induce interleukin-1-β secretions, along with a decreased ATP secretion, and a disturbance of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, suggesting an alteration of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Proteomic analysis identified numerous m-CPPD-associated proteins including hemoglobin, complement, albumin, apolipoproteins and coagulation factors. BSA adsorption on m-CPPD crystals followed a Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm, suggesting that it could modulate m-CPPD crystal-induced cell responses through crystal/cell-membrane interaction. BSA is adsorbed on m-CPPD crystals with weak interactions, confirmed by the preliminary AFM study, but strong interactions of BSA molecules with each other occurred favoring crystal agglomeration, which might contribute to a decrease in the inflammatory properties of m-CPPD crystals. These findings give new insights into the pathogenesis of crystal-related rheumatic diseases and subsequently may open the way for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Renaudin
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Inserm UMR 1132 Bioscar, Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre Viggo Petersen, Paris 75010, France.
| | - Stéphanie Sarda
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse INP - ENSIACET, Toulouse 31030, France.
| | - Laure Campillo-Gimenez
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Inserm UMR 1132 Bioscar, Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre Viggo Petersen, Paris 75010, France.
| | | | - Thibaut Léger
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75013, France.
| | - Cédric Charvillat
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse INP - ENSIACET, Toulouse 31030, France.
| | - Christian Rey
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse INP - ENSIACET, Toulouse 31030, France.
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Inserm UMR 1132 Bioscar, Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre Viggo Petersen, Paris 75010, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75013, France.
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Inserm UMR 1132 Bioscar, Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre Viggo Petersen, Paris 75010, France.
| | - Christèle Combes
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse INP - ENSIACET, Toulouse 31030, France.
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9
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Rong J, Pool B, Zhu M, Munro J, Cornish J, McCarthy GM, Dalbeth N, Poulsen R. Basic Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induce Osteoarthritis-Associated Changes in Phenotype Markers in Primary Human Chondrocytes by a Calcium/Calmodulin Kinase 2-Dependent Mechanism. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:331-343. [PMID: 30456555 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes in osteoarthritis undergo a phenotype shift leading to increased production of cartilage-degrading enzymes. There are similarities between the phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and those of growth plate chondrocytes. Hydroxyapatite can promote chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate. Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals (which consist of hydroxyapatite, octacalcium apatite and tricalcium phosphate) are frequently found in osteoarthritic joints. The objective of this study was to determine whether BCP crystals induce disease-associated changes in phenotypic marker expression in chondrocytes. Primary human chondrocytes isolated from macroscopically normal cartilage were treated with BCP for up to 48 h. Expression of indian hedgehog (IHH), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and type X collagen (COLX) were higher, and expression of sry-box 9 (SOX9) lower, in BCP-treated chondrocytes (50 µg/mL) compared to untreated controls. COLX protein was also present in BCP-treated chondrocytes. Intracellular calcium and levels of phosphorylated and total calcium/calmodulin kinase 2 (CaMK2) were elevated following BCP treatment due to BCP-induced release of calcium from intracellular stores. CaMK2 inhibition or knockdown ameliorated the BCP-induced changes in SOX9, IHH, COLX, IL-6 and MMP13 expression. BCP crystals induce osteoarthritis-associated changes in phenotypic marker expression in chondrocytes by calcium-mediated activation of CaMK2. The presence of BCP crystals in osteoarthritic joints may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Zhu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacob Munro
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn Poulsen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand.
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10
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Rong J, Zhu M, Munro J, Cornish J, McCarthy GM, Dalbeth N, Poulsen RC. Altered expression of the core circadian clock component PERIOD2 contributes to osteoarthritis-like changes in chondrocyte activity. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:319-331. [PMID: 30403881 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1540493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In osteoarthritis, chondrocytes undergo a phenotype shift characterised by reduced expression of SOX9 (sry-box 9) and increased production of cartilage-degrading enzymes, e.g. MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) and ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5). The chondrocyte clock is also altered. Specifically, the peak level of PER2 is elevated, but peak level of BMAL1 reduced in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased PER2 expression causes disease-associated changes in chondrocyte activity and to identify whether known risk factors for osteoarthritis induce changes in PER2 and BMAL1 expression. Primary human chondrocytes isolated from macroscopically normal cartilage were serum-starved overnight then re-fed with serum-replete media with/without interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (10 ng/mL), hydrogen peroxide (100 µM) or basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals (50 µg/mL). Peak level of BMAL1 was lower, whereas PER2 levels remained elevated for longer, in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β, hydrogen peroxide or BCP crystals compared to untreated cells. Levels of SOX9 were lower, whereas levels of ADAMTS5 and MMP13 were higher, in chondrocytes exposed to any of the three treatments compared to untreated cells. Knockdown of PER2 using siRNA partially abrogated the effects of each treatment on chondrocyte phenotype marker expression. Similarly, in chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage PER2 knockdown was associated with increased SOX9, reduced ADAMTS5 and reduced RNA and protein levels of MMP13 indicating partial mitigation of the osteoarthritic phenotype. Conversely, further ablation of BMAL1 expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes resulted in a further reduction in SOX9 and increase in MMP13 expression. Overexpression of PER2 in the H5 chondrocyte cell line led to increased ADAMTS5 and MMP13 and decreased SOX9 expression. Localised inflammation, oxidative stress and BCP crystal deposition in osteoarthritic joints may contribute to disease pathology by inducing changes in the chondrocyte circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rong
- a Department of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Mark Zhu
- a Department of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,b Department of Surgery, School of Medicine , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jacob Munro
- b Department of Surgery, School of Medicine , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- a Department of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- a Department of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Raewyn C Poulsen
- a Department of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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11
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Campillo-Gimenez L, Renaudin F, Jalabert M, Gras P, Gosset M, Rey C, Sarda S, Collet C, Cohen-Solal M, Combes C, Lioté F, Ea HK. Inflammatory Potential of Four Different Phases of Calcium Pyrophosphate Relies on NF-κB Activation and MAPK Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2248. [PMID: 30356764 PMCID: PMC6189479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) microcrystal deposition is associated with wide clinical phenotypes, including acute and chronic arthritis, that are interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-driven. Two CPP microcrystals, namely monoclinic and triclinic CPP dihydrates (m- and t-CPPD), have been identified in human tissues in different proportions according to clinical features. m-CPP tetrahydrate beta (m-CPPTβ) and amorphous CPP (a-CPP) phases are considered as m- and t-CPPD crystal precursors in vitro. Objectives: We aimed to decipher the inflammatory properties of the three crystalline phases and one amorphous CPP phase and the intracellular pathways involved. Methods: The four synthesized CPP phases and monosodium urate crystals (MSU, as a control) were used in vitro to stimulate the human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line or bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from WT or NLRP3 KO mice. The gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by quantitative PCR; IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 production by ELISA; and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation by immunoblot analysis. NF-κB activation was determined in THP-1 cells containing a reporter plasmid. In vivo, the inflammatory potential of CPP phases was assessed with the murine air pouch model via cell analysis and production of IL-1β and CXCL1 in the exudate. The role of NF-κB was determined by a pharmacological approach, both in vivo and in vitro. Results:In vitro, IL-1β production induced by m- and t-CPPD and m-CPPTβ crystals was NLRP3 inflammasome dependent. m-CPPD crystals were the most inflammatory by inducing a faster and higher production and gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 than t-CPPD, m-CPPTβ and MSU crystals. The a-CPP phase did not show an inflammatory property. Accordingly, m-CPPD crystals led to stronger activation of NF-κB, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs. Inhibition of NF-κB completely abrogated IL-1β and IL-8 synthesis and secretion induced by all CPP crystals. Also, inhibition of JNK and ERK1/2 MAPKs decreased both IL-1β secretion and NF-κB activation induced by CPP crystals. In vivo, IL-1β and CXCL1 production and neutrophil infiltration induced by m-CPPD crystals were greatly decreased by NF-κB inhibitor treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the inflammatory potential of different CPP crystals relies on their ability to activate the MAPK-dependent NF-κB pathway. Studies are ongoing to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Campillo-Gimenez
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Université Paris Diderot (UFR Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Félix Renaudin
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Université Paris Diderot (UFR Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maud Jalabert
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Université Paris Diderot (UFR Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gras
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Marjolaine Gosset
- EA2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, Université Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Christian Rey
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Sarda
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Université Paris Diderot (UFR Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Université Paris Diderot (UFR Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Christèle Combes
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Université Paris Diderot (UFR Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Université Paris Diderot (UFR Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease globally and is associated with significant morbidity and disability. Increasing evidence points to an important inflammatory component in the development and progression of OA. The precise pathways involved in OA inflammatory processes remain to be clarified. Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPP) crystals can induce inflammation and arthritis and recent studies point to a potential pathogenic role in OA. In the light of this evidence, we explore the relationship and potential mechanistic pathways linking calcium-containing crystals and OA. RECENT FINDINGS CPP crystals induce inflammation through the NLRP3 inflammasome while BCP crystals mediate both NLRP3 dependent and independent effects. BCP crystals have been demonstrated to induce key mitogenic and inflammatory pathways and contribute to cartilage degradation. Calcium-containing crystals induce key inflammatory pathways and may represent an attractive novel target in OA, a condition devoid of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Conway
- Department of Rheumatology, St. James's Hospital, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Geraldine M McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland
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13
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Mobasheri A, Matta C, Uzielienè I, Budd E, Martín-Vasallo P, Bernotiene E. The chondrocyte channelome: A narrative review. Joint Bone Spine 2018; 86:29-35. [PMID: 29452304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes are the main cells in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage and possess a highly differentiated phenotype that is the hallmark of the unique physiological functions of this specialised load-bearing connective tissue. The plasma membrane of articular chondrocytes contains a rich and diverse complement of membrane proteins, known as the membranome, which defines the cell surface phenotype of the cells. The membranome is a key target of pharmacological agents and is important for chondrocyte function. It includes channels, transporters, enzymes, receptors, and anchors for intracellular, cytoskeletal and ECM proteins and other macromolecular complexes. The chondrocyte channelome is a sub-compartment of the membranome and includes a complete set of ion channels and porins expressed in these cells. Many of these are multi-functional proteins with "moonlighting" roles, serving as channels, receptors and signalling components of larger molecular assemblies. The aim of this review is to summarise our current knowledge of the fundamental aspects of the chondrocyte channelome, discuss its relevance to cartilage biology and highlight its possible role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Excessive and inappropriate mechanical loads, an inflammatory micro-environment, alternative splicing of channel components or accumulation of basic calcium phosphate crystals can result in an altered chondrocyte channelome impairing its function. Alterations in Ca2+ signalling may lead to defective synthesis of ECM macromolecules and aggravated catabolic responses in chondrocytes, which is an important and relatively unexplored aspect of the complex and poorly understood mechanism of OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Uzielienè
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Emma Budd
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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14
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Calcium-phosphate complex increased during subchondral bone remodeling affects earlystage osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:487. [PMID: 29323204 PMCID: PMC5765022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An activation of osteoclasts and subchondral bone remodeling is a major histologic feature of early-stage osteoarthritis (OA), which can be accompanied by an increase of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (Pi) level in the subchondral milieu. Considering articular cartilage gets most of nutrition from subchondral bone by diffusion, these micro-environmental changes in subchondral bone can affect the physiology of articular chondrocytes. Here, we have shown that Ca is increased and co-localized with Pi in articular cartilage of early-stage OA. The Ca-Pi complex increased the production of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in the hypertrophic chondrocytes, which was dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. The Ca-Pi complexes increased the expression of endocytosis markers, and the inhibition of the formation of the Ca-Pi complex ameliorated the Ca-Pi complex-mediated increases of MMPs expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our data provide insight regarding the Ca-Pi complex as a potential catabolic mediator in the subchondral milieu and support the pathogenic role of subchondral bone in the early stages of cartilage degeneration.
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15
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Berridge MJ. The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1261-96. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular functions are regulated by calcium (Ca2+) signals that are generated by different signaling pathways. One of these is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium (InsP3/Ca2+) signaling pathway that operates through either primary or modulatory mechanisms. In its primary role, it generates the Ca2+ that acts directly to control processes such as metabolism, secretion, fertilization, proliferation, and smooth muscle contraction. Its modulatory role occurs in excitable cells where it modulates the primary Ca2+ signal generated by the entry of Ca2+ through voltage-operated channels that releases Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors (RYRs) on the internal stores. In carrying out this modulatory role, the InsP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway induces subtle changes in the generation and function of the voltage-dependent primary Ca2+ signal. Changes in the nature of both the primary and modulatory roles of InsP3/Ca2+ signaling are a contributory factor responsible for the onset of a large number human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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16
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Abstract
Chondrocytes, the single cell type in adult articular cartilage, have conventionally been considered to be non-excitable cells. However, recent evidence suggests that their resting membrane potential (RMP) is less negative than that of excitable cells, and they are fully equipped with channels that control ion, water and osmolyte movement across the chondrocyte membrane. Amongst calcium-specific ion channels, members of the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) family are expressed in chondrocytes where they are functionally active. L-type VDCC inhibitors such as nifedipine and verapamil have contributed to our understanding of the roles of these ion channels in chondrogenesis, chondrocyte signalling and mechanotransduction. In this narrative review, we discuss published data indicating that VDCC function is vital for chondrocyte health, especially in regulating proliferation and maturation. We also highlight the fact that activation of VDCC function appears to accompany various inflammatory aspects of osteoarthritis (OA) and, based on in vitro data, the application of nifedipine and/or verapamil may be a promising approach for ameliorating OA severity. However, very few studies on clinical outcomes are available regarding the influence of calcium antagonists, which are used primarily for treating cardiovascular conditions in OA patients. This review is intended to stimulate further research on the chondrocyte 'channelome', contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and facilitate the retargeting and repositioning of existing pharmacological agents currently used for other comorbidities for the treatment of OA.
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17
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Nasi S, So A, Combes C, Daudon M, Busso N. Interleukin-6 and chondrocyte mineralisation act in tandem to promote experimental osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1372-9. [PMID: 26253096 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystal and interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been implicated in osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesise that these two factors may be linked in a reciprocal amplification loop which leads to OA. METHODS Primary murine chondrocytes and human cartilage explants were incubated with hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, a form of BCP, and the modulation of cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes assayed. The ability of IL-6 to stimulate chondrocyte calcification was assessed in vitro. The mechanisms underlying the effects of HA on chondrocytes were investigated using chemical inhibitors, and the pathways mediating IL-6-induced calcification characterised by quantifying the expression of genes involved in chondrocyte mineralisation. The role of calcification in vivo was studied in the meniscectomy model of murine OA (MNX), and the link between IL-6 and cartilage degradation investigated by histology. RESULTS In chondrocytes, BCP crystals stimulated IL-6 secretion, further amplified in an autocrine loop, through signalling pathways involving Syk and PI3 kinases, Jak2 and Stat3 molecules. Exogenous IL-6 promoted calcium-containing crystal formation and upregulation of genes involved in calcification: the pyrophosphate channel Ank, the calcium channel Annexin5 and the sodium/phosphate cotransporter Pit-1. Treatment of chondrocytes with IL-6 inhibitors significantly inhibited IL-6-induced crystal formation. In meniscectomised mice, increasing deposits of BCP crystals were observed around the joint and correlated with cartilage degradation and IL-6 expression. Finally, BCP crystals induced proteoglycan loss and IL-6 expression in human cartilage explants, which were reduced by an IL-6 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS BCP crystals and IL-6 form a positive feedback loop leading to OA. Targeting calcium-containing crystal formation and/or IL-6 are promising therapeutic strategies in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nasi
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander So
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christèle Combes
- CIRIMAT, UMR 5085 INPT-UPS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Daudon
- AP-HP, service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Busso
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Disruption of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases Cγ1 contributes to extracellular matrix synthesis of human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13236-46. [PMID: 25073093 PMCID: PMC4159791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation including extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and cell loss. It is known that phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase γ1 (PLCγ1) can trigger several signaling pathways to regulate cell metabolism. However, whether this kinase is expressive and active in human OA chondrocytes and its role in the pathological progression of OA have not been investigated. The current study was designed to investigate the PLCγ1 expression in human OA cartilage, and whether PLCγ1 was involved in the ECM synthesis had been further explored using cultured human OA chondrocytes. Our results indicated that PLCγ1 was highly expressed in human OA chondrocytes. In our further study using the cultured human OA chondrocytes, the results demonstrated that the disruption of PLCγ1 by its inhibitor, U73122, and siRNA contributed to the ECM synthesis of human OA chondrocytes through regulating the expression of ECM-related signaling molecules, including MMP-13, Col II, TIMP1, Sox-9, and AGG. Furthermore, PLCγ1/IP3/Ca2+/CaMK II signaling axis regulated the ECM synthesis of human chondrocytes through triggering mTOR/P70S6K/S6 pathway. In summary, our results suggested that PLC-γ1 activities played an important role in the ECM synthesis of human OA chondrocytes, and may serve as a therapeutic target for treating OA.
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19
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Purinergic signalling is required for calcium oscillations in migratory chondrogenic progenitor cells. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:429-42. [PMID: 24841338 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. A migratory stem cell population termed chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPC) with in vitro chondrogenic potential was previously isolated from OA cartilage. Since intracellular Ca(2+) signalling is an important regulator of chondrogenesis, we aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the Ca(2+) homeostasis of CPCs. In this work, CPCs immortalised by lentiviral administration of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and grown in monolayer cultures were studied. Expressions of all three IP3Rs were confirmed, but no RyR subtypes were detected. Ca(2+) oscillations observed in CPCs were predominantly dependent on Ca(2+) release and store replenishment via store-operated Ca(2+) entry; CPCs express both STIM1 and Orai1 proteins. Expressions of adenosine receptor mRNAs were verified, and adenosine elicited Ca(2+) transients. Various P2 receptor subtypes were identified; P2Y1 can bind ADP; P2Y4 is targeted by UTP; and ATP may evoke Ca(2+) transients via detected P2X subtypes, as well as P2Y1 and P2Y2. Enzymatic breakdown of extracellular nucleotides by apyrase completely abrogated Ca(2+) oscillations, suggesting that an autocrine/paracrine purinergic mechanism may drive Ca(2+) oscillations in these cells. As CPCs possess a broad spectrum of functional molecular elements of Ca(2+) signalling, Ca(2+)-dependent regulatory mechanisms can be supposed to influence their differentiation potential.
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20
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Sattui SE, Singh JA, Gaffo AL. Comorbidities in patients with crystal diseases and hyperuricemia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2014; 40:251-78. [PMID: 24703346 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crystal arthropathies are among the most common causes of painful inflammatory arthritis. Gout, the most common example, has been associated with cardiovascular and renal disease. In recent years, evidence for these associations and those involving other comorbidities, such as the metabolic syndrome, have emerged, and the importance of asymptomatic hyperuricemia has been established. In this review, an update on evidence, both experimental and clinical, is presented, and associations between hyperuricemia, gout, and several comorbidities are described. Causality regarding calcium pyrophosphate arthropathy and associated comorbidities is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian E Sattui
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Faculty Office Tower 813, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Medicine Service, Center for Surgical Medical Acute Care Research and Transitions (C-SMART), 700 19th Street South, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Faculty Office Tower 805B, 200 First Street South West, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angelo L Gaffo
- Section of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 700 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Shelby Building 201, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Bazin D, Haymann JP, Letavernier E, Rode J, Daudon M. Calcifications pathologiques : un diagnostic médical basé sur leurs paramètres physicochimiques. Presse Med 2014; 43:135-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoarthritis is the most common form of rheumatologic disease, with numerous factors increasing the risk of developing the condition; calcification of cartilage is common place in osteoarthritis. Regardless of these risk factors, certain disorders predispose individuals to developing arthritis. Pathologic mechanisms in cartilage calcification and advances in their understanding are reviewed alongside metabolic and endocrine arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS There is growing evidence suggesting that changes in chondrocytes and the extracellular environment both contribute to the calcification. Further evidence suggests that signaling cascades that are involved in physiological mineralisation are involved in the pathological process(es); data in mouse models continue to add weight to these hypotheses and correlate with human osteoarthritis data. Recent study of rare forms of arthritis is adding useful information that may help understand joint diseases in the general population and how therapies may be targeted. SUMMARY There is little doubt that calcium-containing crystals are involved in the osteoarthritis process contributing both biomechanically and biochemically. Understanding the processes involved provides important therapeutic opportunities. Furthermore, important information is often discovered in studying rare conditions in which these pathologies are inevitable.
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The role of changes in extracellular matrix of cartilage in the presence of inflammation on the pathology of osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:284873. [PMID: 24069595 PMCID: PMC3771246 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects various tissues surrounding joints such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, and ligaments. No therapy is currently available to completely prevent the initiation or progression of the disease partly due to poor understanding of the mechanisms of the disease pathology. Cartilage is the main tissue afflicted by OA, and chondrocytes, the sole cellular component in the tissue, actively participate in the degeneration process. Multiple factors affect the development and progression of OA including inflammation that is sustained during the progression of the disease and alteration in biomechanical conditions due to wear and tear or trauma in cartilage. During the progression of OA, extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage is actively remodeled by chondrocytes under inflammatory conditions. This alteration of ECM, in turn, changes the biomechanical environment of chondrocytes, which further drives the progression of the disease in the presence of inflammation. The changes in ECM composition and structure also prevent participation of mesenchymal stem cells in the repair process by inhibiting their chondrogenic differentiation. This review focuses on how inflammation-induced ECM remodeling disturbs cellular activities to prevent self-regeneration of cartilage in the pathology of OA.
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Fodor J, Matta C, Oláh T, Juhász T, Takács R, Tóth A, Dienes B, Csernoch L, Zákány R. Store-operated calcium entry and calcium influx via voltage-operated calcium channels regulate intracellular calcium oscillations in chondrogenic cells. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:1-16. [PMID: 23664335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is known to be regulated by calcium-dependent signalling pathways in which temporal aspects of calcium homeostasis are of key importance. We aimed to better characterise calcium influx and release functions with respect to rapid calcium oscillations in cells of chondrifying chicken high density cultures. We found that differentiating chondrocytes express the α1 subunit of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs) at both mRNA and protein levels, and that these ion channels play important roles in generating Ca(2+) influx for oscillations as nifedipine interfered with repetitive calcium transients. Furthermore, VOCC blockade abrogated chondrogenesis and almost completely blocked cell proliferation. The contribution of internal Ca(2+) stores via store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) seems to be indispensable to both Ca(2+) oscillations and chondrogenesis. Moreover, this is the first study to show the functional expression of STIM1/STIM2 and Orai1, molecules that orchestrate SOCE, in chondrogenic cells. Inhibition of SOCE combined with ER calcium store depletion abolished differentiation and severely diminished proliferation, suggesting the important role of internal pools in calcium homeostasis of differentiating chondrocytes. Finally, we present an integrated model for the regulation of calcium oscillations of differentiating chondrocytes that may have important implications for studies of chondrogenesis induced in various stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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