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St Amant J, Michaud J, Hinds D, Coyle M, Pozzi A, Clark AL. Depleting transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 signalling in the cartilage of itga1-null mice attenuates spontaneous knee osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100399. [PMID: 37649532 PMCID: PMC10462827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Integrin α1β1 protects against osteoarthritis (OA) when it is upregulated in the superficial zone of cartilage in the early stages of disease. However, the mechanism behind this protection is unknown. Integrin α1β1 moderates transforming growth factor β receptor II (TGFBR2) signalling, a critical regulator of chondrocyte anabolic activity. To this end, mice lacking integrin α1β1 have increased baseline activation of TGFBR2 signalling and overall fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interplay between integrin α1β1 and TGFBR2 in the development of spontaneous OA. We hypothesized that dampening TGFBR2 signalling in the cartilage of itga1-null mice would attenuate OA. Methods Behavioural and histological manifestations of spontaneous knee OA were measured at 4, 8, 12 and 16 months in mice with and without a ubiquitous itga1 deletion and with and without a tamoxifen-induced cartilage specific TGFBR2 depletion. Results Knee cartilage degeneration, collateral ligament ossification and pain responses increased with age. Itga1-null mice with intact TGFBR2 signalling developed earlier and more severe OA compared to controls. In agreement with our hypothesis, depleting TGFBR2 signalling in the cartilage of itga1-null mice attenuated OA progression. Conclusion Intact TGFBR2 signalling drives early and worse knee OA in itga1-null mice. This result supports the hypothesis that the increased expression of integrin α1β1 by superficial zone chondrocytes early in OA development dampens TGFBR2 signalling and thus protects against degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer St Amant
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jana Michaud
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Hinds
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Madison Coyle
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea L. Clark
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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2
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Liang L, Zhang F, Feng N, Kuang B, Fan M, Chen C, Pan Y, Zhou P, Geng N, Li X, Xian M, Deng L, Li X, Kuang L, Luo F, Tan Q, Xie Y, Guo F. IRE1α protects against osteoarthritis by regulating progranulin-dependent XBP1 splicing and collagen homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2376-2389. [PMID: 37907740 PMCID: PMC10689778 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a full-joint, multifactorial, degenerative and inflammatory disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients due to its disabling and pain-causing properties. ER stress has been reported to be closely related to the progression of OA. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box-binding protein-1 spliced (IRE1α/XBP1s) pathway, which is highly expressed in the chondrocytes of OA patients, promotes the degradation and refolding of abnormal proteins during ER stress and maintains the stability of the ER environment of chondrocytes, but its function and the underlying mechanisms of how it contributes to the progression of OA remain unclear. This study investigates the role of IRE1α/ERN1 in OA. Specific deficiency of ERN1 in chondrocytes spontaneously resulted in OA-like cartilage destruction and accelerated OA progression in a surgically induced arthritis model. Local delivery of AdERN1 relieved degradation of the cartilage matrix and prevented OA development in an ACLT-mediated model. Mechanistically, progranulin (PGRN), an intracellular chaperone, binds to IRE1α, promoting its phosphorylation and splicing of XBP1u to generate XBP1s. XBP1s protects articular cartilage through TNF-α/ERK1/2 signaling and further maintains collagen homeostasis by regulating type II collagen expression. The chondroprotective effect of IRE1α/ERN1 is dependent on PGRN and XBP1s splicing. ERN1 deficiency accelerated cartilage degeneration in OA by reducing PGRN expression and XBP1s splicing, subsequently decreasing collagen II expression and triggering collagen structural abnormalities and an imbalance in collagen homeostasis. This study provides new insights into OA pathogenesis and the UPR and suggests that IRE1α/ERN1 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of joint degenerative diseases, including OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Naibo Feng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Kuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400072, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengtian Fan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Nana Geng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Menglin Xian
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Kuang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair (CBMR), State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Amano K, Kitaoka Y, Kato S, Fujiwara M, Okuzaki D, Aikawa T, Kogo M, Iida S. Pth1r Signal in Gli1+ Cells Maintains Postnatal Cranial Base Synchondrosis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1241-1251. [PMID: 37575041 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231184405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial base synchondroses are the endochondral ossification centers for cranial base growth and thus indispensable for proper skull, brain, and midfacial development. The synchondroses are composed of mirror-image growth plates that are continuously maintained from the embryonic to postnatal stage through chondrocyte differentiation. Several factors, including Pth1r signaling, are known to control fetal synchondrosis development. However, there are currently no reports regarding any role for Pth1r signaling in postnatal cranial base and synchondrosis development. Also, the mesenchymal cells that source Pth1r signaling for synchondroses are not known. Here, we employed an inducible mouse model, a hedgehog-responsive Gli1-CreERT2 driver, focusing on the postnatal study. We performed 2 inducible protocols using Gli1-CreERT2;Tomatofl/+ mice that uncovered distinct patterning of Gli1-positive and Gli1-negative chondrocytes in the synchondrosis cartilage. Moreover, we generated Gli1-CreERT2;Pth1rfl/fl;Tomatofl/+ mice to assess their functions in postnatal synchondrosis and found that the mutants had survived postnatally. The mutant skulls morphologically presented unambiguous phenotypes where we noticed the shortened cranial base and premature synchondrosis closure. Histologically, gradual disorganization in mutant synchondroses caused an uncommon remaining central zone between hypertrophic zones on both sides while the successive differentiation of round, flat, and hypertrophic chondrocytes was observed in control sections. These mutant synchondroses disappeared and were finally replaced by bone. Of note, the mutant fusing synchondroses lost their characteristic patterning of Gli1-positive and Gli1-negative chondrocytes, suggesting that loss of Pth1r signaling alters the distribution of hedgehog-responsive chondrocytes. Moreover, we performed laser microdissection and RNA sequencing to characterize the flat proliferative and round resting chondrocytes where we found flat chondrocytes have a characteristic feature of both chondrocyte proliferation and maturation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Pth1r signaling in Gli1-positive cells is essential for postnatal development and maintenance in cranial base synchondroses. Our findings will elucidate previously unknown aspects of Pth1r functions in cranial biology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- The first department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Kitaoka
- The first department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Fujiwara
- The first department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- The Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - D Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Aikawa
- The first department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Kogo
- The first department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Suo J, Shao R, Yang R, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wang D, Niu N, Zheng X, Zou W. Accelerated aging in articular cartilage by ZMPSTE24 deficiency leads to osteoarthritis with impaired metabolic signaling and epigenetic regulation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:336. [PMID: 37217512 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease without disease-modifying therapy. The lack of aging-induced osteoarthritis models makes the discovery of therapeutic drugs more challenging. The deficiency of ZMPSTE24 could induce Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a genetic disorder of rapid aging. However, the relationship between HGPS and OA remains unclear. Our results found that the expression of Zmpste24 was decreased in the articular cartilage during the aging process. Zmpste24 knockout mice, Prx1-Cre; Zmpste24fl/fl mice and Col2-CreERT2; Zmpste24fl/fl mice displayed OA phenotype. Loss of Zmpste24 in articular cartilage could exacerbate the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that deletion of Zmpste24 or accumulation of progerin affects chondrocyte metabolism, inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell senescence. Using this animal model, we elucidate the upregulation of H3K27me3 during chondrocyte senescence and discover the molecular mechanism by which lamin A mutant stabilizes EZH2 expression. The construction of aging-induced osteoarthritis models and the elucidation of the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of articular chondrocyte senescence would benefit the discovery and development of new drugs for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Suo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rui Shao
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruici Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Qian Z, Gao X, Jin X, Kang X, Wu S. Cartilage-specific deficiency of clock gene Bmal1 accelerated articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by up-regulation of mTORC1 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109692. [PMID: 36628892 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although a growing body of studies recently demonstrated that circadian clock gene Bmal1 plays an important role in cartilage development and homeostasis, evidence regarding the contribution of Bmal1 in articular cartilage of OA progression is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the direct role of Bmal1 in articular cartilage homeostasis during OA progression using tamoxifen-induced cartilage-specific knockout mice. We found that the expression of BMAL1 was decreased in OA-damaged and aging cartilage tissues. Cartilage-specific deletion of Bmal1 promoted cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis, and inhibited chondrocyte anabolism in OA mice, leading to acceleration of articular cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation during OA progression. Mechanistic study indicated that loss of Bmal1 resulted in hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) signaling in OA cartilage, and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 signaling pathway by rapamycin alleviated partially Bmal1 ablation-induced cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis in ex vivo OA model. Therefore, our results provide the evidence of a vital role for Bmal1 in cartilage degradation in post-traumatic OA by partially regulating the mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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6
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Lu Z, Chen P, Xu Q, Li B, Jiang S, Jiang L, Zheng X. Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1242. [PMID: 36994464 PMCID: PMC10041386 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been an increasing number of patients with degenerative disc diseases due to the aging population. In light of this, studies on the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration have become a hot topic, and gene knockout mice have become a valuable tool in this field of research. With the development of science and technology, constitutive gene knockout mice can be constructed using homologous recombination, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease technology and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, and conditional gene knockout mice can be constructed using the Cre/LoxP system. The gene-edited mice using these techniques have been widely used in the studies on disc degeneration. This paper reviews the development process and principles of these technologies, functions of the edited genes in disc degeneration, advantages, and disadvantages of different methods and possible targets of the specific Cre recombinase in intervertebral discs. Recommendations for the choice of suitable gene-edited model mice are presented. At the same time, possible technological improvements in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Yu Lu
- Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Peng‐Bo Chen
- Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qing‐Yin Xu
- Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bo Li
- Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Sheng‐Dan Jiang
- Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lei‐Sheng Jiang
- Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xin‐Feng Zheng
- Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Cong L, Jiang P, Wang H, Huang L, Wu G, Che X, Wang C, Li P, Duan Q, Guo X, Li P. MiR-1 is a critical regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy by inhibiting Indian hedgehog pathway during postnatal endochondral ossification in miR-1 overexpression transgenic mice. Bone 2022; 165:116566. [PMID: 36152943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation from the growth plate plays a critical role in vertebrate limb development and skeletal homeostasis. Although miR-1 is mainly expressed in the hypertrophic region of the growth plate during this process, its role in the endochondral bone formation is unknown. To elucidate the role of miR-1 in cartilage development, chondrocyte-specific transgenic mice with high expression of miR-1 were generated (Col2a1-Cre-ERT2-GFPfl/fl-RFP-miR-1). Transgenic mice showed short limbs and delayed formation of secondary ossification centers. In the tibia growth plate of miR-1-overexpressing transgenic mice, the chondrocytes in the proliferative zone were disorganized and their proliferation decreased, and the ColX, MMP-13 and Indian Hedgehog (IHH) in chondrocytes showed a downward trend, resulting in decreased terminal differentiation in the hypertrophic zone. In addition, the apoptosis index caspase-3 also showed a downward trend in the tibia growth plate. It was concluded that miR-1 overexpression affects chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, and apoptosis, thereby delaying the formation of secondary ossification centers and leading to short limbs. It was also verified that miR-1 affects endochondral ossification through the IHH pathway. The above results suggest that miR-1 overexpression can affect endochondral osteogenesis by inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, and apoptosis, thus causing limb hypoplasia in mice. This work gives potential for new therapeutic directions and insights for the treatment of dwarf-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pinpin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lingan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gaige Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianda Che
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Penghua Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fenyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Duan
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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8
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MafB Maintains
β
-Cell Identity under MafA-Deficient Conditions. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0054121. [PMID: 35862726 PMCID: PMC9387222 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00541-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MafB plays an essential role in β-cell differentiation during the embryonic stage in rodents. Although MafB disappears from β-cells after birth, it has been reported that MafB can be evoked in β-cells and is involved in insulin+β-cell number and islet architecture maintenance in adult mice under diabetic conditions. However, the underlying mechanism by which MafB protects β-cells remains unknown. To elucidate this, we performed RNA sequencing using an inducible diabetes model (A0BΔpanc mice) that we previously generated. We found that the deletion of Mafb can induce β-cell dedifferentiation, characterized by the upregulation of dedifferentiation markers, Slc5a10 and Cck, as well as several β-cell-disallowed genes, and by the downregulation of mature β-cell markers, Slc2a2 and Ucn3. However, there is no re-expression of well-known progenitor cell markers, Foxo1 and Neurog3. Further, the appearance of ALDH1A3+ cells and the disappearance of UCN3+ cells also verify the β-cell dedifferentiation state. Collectively, our results suggest that MafB can maintain β-cell identity under certain pathological conditions in adult mice, providing novel insight into the role of MafB in β-cell identity maintenance.
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9
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Pathological differences in the bone healing processes between tooth extraction socket and femoral fracture. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101522. [PMID: 35372643 PMCID: PMC8965168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Yue J, Aobulikasimu A, Sun W, Liu S, Xie W, Sun W. Targeted regulation of FoxO1 in chondrocytes prevents age-related osteoarthritis via autophagy mechanism. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3075-3082. [PMID: 35560791 PMCID: PMC9170816 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is designated as a biological recycling process to maintain cellular homeostasis by the sequestration of damaged proteins and organelles in plasma and cargo delivery to lysosomes for degradation and reclamation. This organelle recycling process promotes chondrocyte homeostasis and has been previously implicated in osteoarthritis (OA). Autophagy is widely involved in regulating chondrocyte degeneration markers such as MMPs, ADAMSTs and Col10 in chondrocytes. The critical autophagy‐related (ATG) proteins have now been considered the protective factor against late‐onset OA. The current research field proposes that the autophagic pathway is closely related to chondrocyte activity. However, the mechanism is complex yet needs precise elaboration. This review concluded that FoxO1, a forkhead O family protein, which is a decisive mediator of autophagy, facilitates the pathological process of osteoarthritis. Diverse mechanisms regulate the activity of FoxO1 and promote the initiation of autophagy, including the prominent AMPK and Sirt‐2 cellular pathways. FoxO1 transactive is regulated by phosphorylation and acetylation processes, which modulates the downstream ATGs expression. Furthermore, FoxO1 induces autophagy by directly interacting with ATGs proteins, which control the formation of autophagosomes and lysosomes fusion. This review will discuss cutting‐edge evidence that the FoxO–autophagy pathway plays an essential regulator in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aikebaier Aobulikasimu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Couasnay G, Madel MB, Lim J, Lee B, Elefteriou F. Sites of Cre-recombinase activity in mouse lines targeting skeletal cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1661-1679. [PMID: 34278610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Cre/Lox system is a powerful tool in the biologist's toolbox, allowing loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies, as well as lineage tracing, through gene recombination in a tissue-specific and inducible manner. Evidence indicates, however, that Cre transgenic lines have a far more nuanced and broader pattern of Cre activity than initially thought, exhibiting "off-target" activity in tissues/cells other than the ones they were originally designed to target. With the goal of facilitating the comparison and selection of optimal Cre lines to be used for the study of gene function, we have summarized in a single manuscript the major sites and timing of Cre activity of the main Cre lines available to target bone mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, tenocytes, and osteoclasts, along with their reported sites of "off-target" Cre activity. We also discuss characteristics, advantages, and limitations of these Cre lines for users to avoid common risks related to overinterpretation or misinterpretation based on the assumption of strict cell-type specificity or unaccounted effect of the Cre transgene or Cre inducers. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greig Couasnay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Hallett SA, Matsushita Y, Ono W, Sakagami N, Mizuhashi K, Tokavanich N, Nagata M, Zhou A, Hirai T, Kronenberg HM, Ono N. Chondrocytes in the resting zone of the growth plate are maintained in a Wnt-inhibitory environment. eLife 2021; 10:e64513. [PMID: 34309509 PMCID: PMC8313235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes in the resting zone of the postnatal growth plate are characterized by slow cell cycle progression, and encompass a population of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-expressing skeletal stem cells that contribute to the formation of columnar chondrocytes. However, how these chondrocytes are maintained in the resting zone remains undefined. We undertook a genetic pulse-chase approach to isolate slow cycling, label-retaining chondrocytes (LRCs) using a chondrocyte-specific doxycycline-controllable Tet-Off system regulating expression of histone 2B-linked GFP. Comparative RNA-seq analysis identified significant enrichment of inhibitors and activators for Wnt signaling in LRCs and non-LRCs, respectively. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in PTHrP+ resting chondrocytes using Pthlh-creER and Apc-floxed allele impaired their ability to form columnar chondrocytes. Therefore, slow-cycling chondrocytes are maintained in a Wnt-inhibitory environment within the resting zone, unraveling a novel mechanism regulating maintenance and differentiation of PTHrP+ skeletal stem cells of the postnatal growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Hallett
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonUnited States
| | - Naoko Sakagami
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Koji Mizuhashi
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Nicha Tokavanich
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Mizuki Nagata
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Annabelle Zhou
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Takao Hirai
- Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborUnited States
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonUnited States
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13
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Coveney CR, Zhu L, Miotla-Zarebska J, Stott B, Parisi I, Batchelor V, Duarte C, Chang E, McSorley E, Vincent TL, Wann AK. The ciliary protein IFT88 controls post-natal cartilage thickness and influences development of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:49-59. [PMID: 34105311 DOI: 10.1002/art.41894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical and biological cues drive cellular signalling in cartilage development, health, and disease. Proteins of the primary cilium, implicated in transduction of biophysiochemical signals, control cartilage formation during skeletal development, but their influence in post-natal cartilage remains unknown. METHODS Ift88fl/fl and AggrecanCreERT2 mice were crossed to create a cartilage-specific, inducible knockout mouse AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl . Tibial articular cartilage (AC) thickness was assessed, through adolescence and adulthood, by histomorphometry and integrity by OARSI score. In situ mechanisms were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA scope and qPCR of micro-dissected cartilage. OA was induced by surgical destabilisation (DMM). Mice voluntarily exercised using wheels. RESULTS Deletion of IFT88 resulted in progressive reductions in medial AC thickness during adolescence, and marked atrophy in adulthood. At 34 weeks of age, medial thickness was reduced from 104.00μm, [100.30-110.50, 95% CI] in Ift88fl/fl to 89.42μm [84.00-93.49, 95% CI] in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl (p<0.0001), associated with reductions in calcified cartilage. Occasionally, atrophy was associated with complete, spontaneous, medial cartilage degradation. Following DMM, AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl mice had increased OA scores. Atrophy in mature AC was not associated with obvious increases in aggrecanase-mediated destruction or chondrocyte hypertrophy. Of 44 candidate genes analysed, only Tcf7l2 correlated with Ift88 expression in micro-dissected cartilage. However, RNA scope revealed increased hedgehog (Hh) signalling (Gli1), associated with reductions in Ift88, in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl cartilage. Wheel exercise restored both AC thickness and levels of Hh signalling in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl . CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that IFT88 is chondroprotective, regulating AC thickness, potentially by thresholding a Hh response to physiological loading that controls cartilage calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Coveney
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Linyi Zhu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Bryony Stott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ida Parisi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Vicky Batchelor
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Claudia Duarte
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emer Chang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Eleanor McSorley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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14
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Li X, Yang S, Qin L, Yang S. Type II collagen-positive embryonic progenitors are the major contributors to spine and intervertebral disc development and repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1419-1432. [PMID: 34032373 PMCID: PMC8459639 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II collagen-positive embryonic progenitors are the major contributors to spine and intervertebral disc development and repair has been removed because it was published by mistake. The article will be published on October 1, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Xie Z, McGrath C, Sankaran J, Styner M, Little-Letsinger S, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ, Rubin J, Sen B. Low-Dose Tamoxifen Induces Significant Bone Formation in Mice. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10450. [PMID: 33778320 PMCID: PMC7990151 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of the selective estrogen receptor modulator Tamoxifen (TAM) is a mainstay to induce conditional expression of Cre recombinase in transgenic laboratory mice. To excise β‐cateninfl/fl in 28‐day‐old male and female Prrx1‐CreER/β‐cateninfl/fl mice (C57BL/6), we utilized TAM at 150 mg/kg; despite β‐catenin knockout in MSC, we found a significant increase in trabecular and cortical bone volume in all genders. Because TAM was similarly anabolic in KO and control mice, we investigated a dose effect on bone formation by treating wild‐type mice (WT C57BL/6, 4 weeks) with TAM (total dose 0, 20, 40, 200 mg/kg via four injections). TAM increased bone in a dose‐dependent manner analyzed by micro–computed tomography (μCT), which showed that, compared to control, 20 mg/kg TAM increased femoral bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume [BV/TV]) (21.6% ± 1.5% to 33% ± 2.5%; 153%, p < 0.005). With TAM 40 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, BV/TV increased to 48.1% ± 4.4% (223%, p < 0.0005) and 58% ± 3.8% (269%, p < 0.0001) respectively, compared to control. Osteoblast markers increased with 200 mg/kg TAM: Dlx5 (224%, p < 0.0001), Alp (166%, p < 0.0001), Bglap (223%, p < 0.0001), and Sp7 (228%, p < 0.0001). Osteoclasts per bone surface (Oc#/BS) nearly doubled at the lowest TAM dose (20 mg/kg), but decreased to <20% control with 200 mg/kg TAM. Our data establish that use of TAM at even very low doses to excise a floxed target in postnatal mice has profound effects on trabecular and cortical bone formation. As such, TAM treatment is a major confounder in the interpretation of bone phenotypes in conditional gene knockout mouse models. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Jeyantt Sankaran
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | | | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
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16
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Kanakis I, Alhashmi M, Liu K, Keenan C, Ramos Mucci L, Poulet B, Bou-Gharios G. Cartilage-Specific Cre Recombinase Transgenes/Alleles in the Mouse. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2245:23-38. [PMID: 33315193 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1119-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage is a specialized skeletal tissue with a unique extracellular matrix elaborated by its resident cells, chondrocytes. The tissue presents in several forms, including growth plate and articular cartilage, wherein chondrocytes follow a differential differentiation program and have different fates. The induction of gene modifications in cartilage specifically relies on mouse transgenes and knockin alleles taking advantages of transcriptional elements primarily active in chondrocytes at a specific differentiation stage or in a specific cartilage type. These transgenes/alleles have been widely used to study the roles of specific genes in cartilage development, adult homeostasis, and pathology. As cartilage formation is critical for postnatal life, the inactivation or significant alteration of key cartilaginous genes is often neonatally lethal and therefore hampers postnatal studies. Gold standard approaches to induce postnatal chondrocyte-specific gene modifications include the Cre-loxP and Tet-ON/OFF systems. Selecting the appropriate promoter/enhancer sequences to drive Cre expression is of crucial importance and determines the specificity of conditional gain- or loss-of-function models. In this chapter, we discuss a series of transgenes and knockin alleles that have been developed for gene manipulation in cartilage and we compare their expression patterns and efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammad Alhashmi
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Craig Keenan
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ramos Mucci
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Blandine Poulet
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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17
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Wang Y, Ling L, Tian F, Won Kim SH, Ho S, Bikle DD. Ablation of Ephrin B2 in Col2 Expressing Cells Delays Fracture Repair. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5912608. [PMID: 32987403 PMCID: PMC7609132 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ephrin B2 is critical for endochondral bone development. In this study, we investigated its role in fracture repair by deleting ephrin B2 in type II collagen (Col.2) expressing cells. We used a nonstable tibia fracture model to evaluate fracture repair at 3 sites: intramembranous bone formation, endochondral bone formation, and intramedullary bone formation. We observed that during fracture repair, deletion of ephrin B2 impaired periosteal stem cell activation, inhibited their proliferation, decreased their survival, and blocked their differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In addition, deletion of ephrin B2 decreased vascular endothelial growth factor production as well as vascular invasion into the fracture site. These changes led to reduced cartilage to bone conversion in the callus with decreased new bone formation, resulting in impaired fracture repair. Our data indicate that ephrin B2 in Col2-expressing cells is a critical regulator of fracture repair, pointing to a new and potentially targetable mechanism to enhance fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- Endocrine Unit, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Correspondence: Yongmei Wang, MD, PhD, Endocrine Unit (111N), VAMC, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158. E-mail:
| | - Lin Ling
- Endocrine Unit, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Faming Tian
- Endocrine Unit, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sun Hee Won Kim
- Endocrine Unit, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sunita Ho
- Bioengineering & Biomaterials Micro-CT and Imaging Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Endocrine Unit, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Roelofs AJ, Kania K, Rafipay AJ, Sambale M, Kuwahara ST, Collins FL, Smeeton J, Serowoky MA, Rowley L, Wang H, Gronewold R, Kapeni C, Méndez-Ferrer S, Little CB, Bateman JF, Pap T, Mariani FV, Sherwood J, Crump JG, De Bari C. Identification of the skeletal progenitor cells forming osteophytes in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1625-1634. [PMID: 32963046 PMCID: PMC8136618 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteophytes are highly prevalent in osteoarthritis (OA) and are associated with pain and functional disability. These pathological outgrowths of cartilage and bone typically form at the junction of articular cartilage, periosteum and synovium. The aim of this study was to identify the cells forming osteophytes in OA. METHODS Fluorescent genetic cell-labelling and tracing mouse models were induced with tamoxifen to switch on reporter expression, as appropriate, followed by surgery to induce destabilisation of the medial meniscus. Contributions of fluorescently labelled cells to osteophytes after 2 or 8 weeks, and their molecular identity, were analysed by histology, immunofluorescence staining and RNA in situ hybridisation. Pdgfrα-H2BGFP mice and Pdgfrα-CreER mice crossed with multicolour Confetti reporter mice were used for identification and clonal tracing of mesenchymal progenitors. Mice carrying Col2-CreER, Nes-CreER, LepR-Cre, Grem1-CreER, Gdf5-Cre, Sox9-CreER or Prg4-CreER were crossed with tdTomato reporter mice to lineage-trace chondrocytes and stem/progenitor cell subpopulations. RESULTS Articular chondrocytes, or skeletal stem cells identified by Nes, LepR or Grem1 expression, did not give rise to osteophytes. Instead, osteophytes derived from Pdgfrα-expressing stem/progenitor cells in periosteum and synovium that are descendants from the Gdf5-expressing embryonic joint interzone. Further, we show that Sox9-expressing progenitors in periosteum supplied hybrid skeletal cells to the early osteophyte, while Prg4-expressing progenitors from synovial lining contributed to cartilage capping the osteophyte, but not to bone. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal distinct periosteal and synovial skeletal progenitors that cooperate to form osteophytes in OA. These cell populations could be targeted in disease modification for treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Karolina Kania
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexandra J Rafipay
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Meike Sambale
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Stephanie T Kuwahara
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fraser L Collins
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maxwell A Serowoky
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui Wang
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - René Gronewold
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F Bateman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanna Sherwood
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Soul J, Barter MJ, Little CB, Young DA. OATargets: a knowledge base of genes associated with osteoarthritis joint damage in animals. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 80:376-383. [PMID: 33077471 PMCID: PMC7892386 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To collate the genes experimentally modulated in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) and compare these data with OA transcriptomics data to identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods PubMed searches were conducted to identify publications describing gene modulations in animal models. Analysed gene expression data were retrieved from the SkeletalVis database of analysed skeletal microarray and RNA-Seq expression data. A network diffusion approach was used to predict new genes associated with OA joint damage. Results A total of 459 genes were identified as having been modulated in animal models of OA, with ageing and post-traumatic (surgical) models the most prominent. Ninety-eight of the 143 genes (69%) genetically modulated more than once had a consistent effect on OA joint damage severity. Several discrepancies between different studies were identified, providing lessons on interpretation of these data. We used the data collected along with OA gene expression data to expand existing annotations and prioritise the most promising therapeutic targets, which we validated using the latest reported associations. We constructed an online database OATargets to allow researchers to explore the collated data and integrate it with existing OA and skeletal gene expression data. Conclusions We present a comprehensive survey and online resource for understanding gene regulation of animal model OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Soul
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Matthew J Barter
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
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20
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Deng Z, Matsumoto Y, Kuno A, Ojima M, Xiafukaiti G, Takahashi S. An Inducible Diabetes Mellitus Murine Model Based on MafB Conditional Knockout under MafA-Deficient Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165606. [PMID: 32764399 PMCID: PMC7460626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly severe chronic metabolic disease that is occurring at an alarming rate worldwide. Various diabetic models, including non-obese diabetic mice and chemically induced diabetic models, are used to characterize and explore the mechanism of the disease’s pathophysiology, in hopes of detecting and identifying novel potential therapeutic targets. However, this is accompanied by disadvantages, such as specific conditions for maintaining the incidence, nonstable hyperglycemia induction, and potential toxicity to other organs. Murine MAFA and MAFB, two closely-linked islet-enriched transcription factors, play fundamental roles in glucose sensing and insulin secretion, and maintenance of pancreatic β-cell, respectively, which are highly homologous to human protein orthologs. Herein, to induce the diabetes mellitus model at a specific time point, we generated Pdx1-dependent Mafb-deletion mice under Mafa knockout condition (A0BΔpanc), via tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP system. After 16 weeks, metabolic phenotypes were characterized by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), urine glucose test, and metabolic parameters analysis. The results indicated that male A0BΔpanc mice had obvious impaired glucose tolerance, and high urine glucose level. Furthermore, obvious renal lesions, impaired islet structure and decreased proportion of insulin positive cells were observed. Collectively, our results indicate that A0BΔpanc mice can be an efficient inducible model for diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Deng
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (Z.D.); (Y.M.); (G.X.)
- School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (Z.D.); (Y.M.); (G.X.)
- School of Medical Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (Z.D.); (Y.M.); (G.X.)
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Masami Ojima
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Gulibaikelamu Xiafukaiti
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (Z.D.); (Y.M.); (G.X.)
- School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; (Z.D.); (Y.M.); (G.X.)
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (S.T.)
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21
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Lee KI, Choi S, Matsuzaki T, Alvarez-Garcia O, Olmer M, Grogan SP, D'Lima DD, Lotz MK. FOXO1 and FOXO3 transcription factors have unique functions in meniscus development and homeostasis during aging and osteoarthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3135-3143. [PMID: 31980519 PMCID: PMC7022148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918673117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine FoxO expression and FoxO function in meniscus. In menisci from human knee joints with osteoarthritis (OA), FoxO1 and 3 expression were significantly reduced compared with normal menisci from young and old normal donors. The expression of FoxO1 and 3 was also significantly reduced in mouse menisci during aging and OA induced by surgical meniscus destabilization or mechanical overuse. Deletion of FoxO1 and combined FoxO1, 3, and 4 deletions induced abnormal postnatal meniscus development in mice and these mutant mice spontaneously displayed meniscus pathology at 6 mo. Mice with Col2Cre-mediated deletion of FoxO3 or FoxO4 had normal meniscus development but had more severe aging-related damage. In mature AcanCreERT2 mice, the deletion of FoxO1, 3, and 4 aggravated meniscus lesions in all experimental OA models. FoxO deletion suppressed autophagy and antioxidant defense genes and altered several meniscus-specific genes. Expression of these genes was modulated by adenoviral FoxO1 in cultured human meniscus cells. These results suggest that FoxO1 plays a key role in meniscus development and maturation, and both FoxO1 and 3 support homeostasis and protect against meniscus damage in response to mechanical overuse and during aging and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sungwook Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jeju National University College of Medicine, 63243 Jeju, South Korea
| | - Tokio Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shawn P Grogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Darryl D D'Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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22
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FOXO1 and FOXO3 transcription factors have unique functions in meniscus development and homeostasis during aging and osteoarthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020. [PMID: 31980519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918673117.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine FoxO expression and FoxO function in meniscus. In menisci from human knee joints with osteoarthritis (OA), FoxO1 and 3 expression were significantly reduced compared with normal menisci from young and old normal donors. The expression of FoxO1 and 3 was also significantly reduced in mouse menisci during aging and OA induced by surgical meniscus destabilization or mechanical overuse. Deletion of FoxO1 and combined FoxO1, 3, and 4 deletions induced abnormal postnatal meniscus development in mice and these mutant mice spontaneously displayed meniscus pathology at 6 mo. Mice with Col2Cre-mediated deletion of FoxO3 or FoxO4 had normal meniscus development but had more severe aging-related damage. In mature AcanCreERT2 mice, the deletion of FoxO1, 3, and 4 aggravated meniscus lesions in all experimental OA models. FoxO deletion suppressed autophagy and antioxidant defense genes and altered several meniscus-specific genes. Expression of these genes was modulated by adenoviral FoxO1 in cultured human meniscus cells. These results suggest that FoxO1 plays a key role in meniscus development and maturation, and both FoxO1 and 3 support homeostasis and protect against meniscus damage in response to mechanical overuse and during aging and OA.
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23
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Wei Y, Tower RJ, Tian Z, Mohanraj B, Mauck RL, Qin L, Zhang Y. Spatial distribution of type II collagen gene expression in the mouse intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1070. [PMID: 31891119 PMCID: PMC6920692 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic tools such as the Cre-Lox reporter system are powerful aids for tissue-specific cell tracking. For example, it would be useful in examining intervertebral disc (IVD) cell populations in normal and diseased states. A Cre recombinase and its recognition site, loxP have been adapted from the bacteriophage for use in genetic manipulation. The reporter mice used here express the red fluorescent protein, tdTomato with flanking LoxP sites (Rosa26 TdTomato mice). We compared two different Collagen type II (Col2) promoter constructs that drive Cre-recombinase expression in mice: (a) Col2-Cre, which allows constitutive Cre-recombinase expression under the control of the Col2 promoter/enhancer and (b) Col2-CreER, which contains a shorter promoter/enhancer region than Col2-Cre, but has human estrogen binding elements that bind tamoxifen, resulting in Cre-recombinase expression. The goal of the study is to characterize Cre-recombinase distribution pattern in Col2-Cre and Col2-CreER mice using tdTomato as reporter in the spine. The expression patterns of these two mice were further compared with Col2 gene expression in the native mouse NP and AF tissues by real-time PCR. We crossed Col2-Cre mice or Col2-CreER mice with the tdTomato reporter mice, and compared the tdTomato expression patterns. Col2-CreER/tdTomato mice were injected with tamoxifen at postnatal day 7 to activate the Cre-recombinase. TdTomato in the constitutively active Col2-Cre mice was detected in the nucleus pulposus (NP), the entire annulus fibrosus (AF), and in cartilaginous endplate and growth plate cells in the lower lumbar and coccygeal spine. In contrast, when Col2-CreER activity was induced by tamoxifen at P7, tdTomato was limited to the inner AF, and was absent from the NP. We have described the differences in Col2 reporter gene expression, in Col2-Cre/tdTomato and Col2-Cre-ER/tdTomato mouse IVD. The information provided here will help to guide future investigations of IVD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
- Department of OrthopaedicsUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Robert J. Tower
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Zuozhen Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Bhavana Mohanraj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC)Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC)Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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24
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Matsuzaki T, Alvarez-Garcia O, Mokuda S, Nagira K, Olmer M, Gamini R, Miyata K, Akasaki Y, Su AI, Asahara H, Lotz MK. FoxO transcription factors modulate autophagy and proteoglycan 4 in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/428/eaan0746. [PMID: 29444976 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a main risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). FoxO transcription factors protect against cellular and organismal aging, and FoxO expression in cartilage is reduced with aging and in OA. To investigate the role of FoxO in cartilage, Col2Cre-FoxO1, 3, and 4 single knockout (KO) and triple KO mice (Col2Cre-TKO) were analyzed. Articular cartilage in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice was thicker than in control mice at 1 or 2 months of age. This was associated with increased proliferation of chondrocytes of Col2Cre-TKO mice in vivo and in vitro. OA-like changes developed in cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone between 4 and 6 months of age in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice. Col2Cre-FoxO3 and FoxO4 KO mice showed no cartilage abnormalities until 18 months of age when Col2Cre-FoxO3 KO mice had more severe OA than control mice. Autophagy and antioxidant defense genes were reduced in Col2Cre-TKO mice. Deletion of FoxO1/3/4 in mature mice using Aggrecan(Acan)-CreERT2 (AcanCreERT-TKO) also led to spontaneous cartilage degradation and increased OA severity in a surgical model or treadmill running. The superficial zone of knee articular cartilage of Col2Cre-TKO and AcanCreERT-TKO mice exhibited reduced cell density and markedly decreased Prg4 In vitro, ectopic FoxO1 expression increased Prg4 and synergized with transforming growth factor-β stimulation. In OA chondrocytes, overexpression of FoxO1 reduced inflammatory mediators and cartilage-degrading enzymes, increased protective genes, and antagonized interleukin-1β effects. Our observations suggest that FoxO play a key role in postnatal cartilage development, maturation, and homeostasis and protect against OA-associated cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sho Mokuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keita Nagira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramya Gamini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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25
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Zheng Y, Fu X, Liu Q, Guan S, Liu C, Xiu C, Gong T, Jin H, Saijilafu, Zhang Z, Chen D, Chen J. Characterization of Cre recombinase mouse lines enabling cell type-specific targeting of postnatal intervertebral discs. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14422-14431. [PMID: 30675722 PMCID: PMC6650379 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cre/loxP technology is an important tool for studying cell type-specific gene functions. Cre recombinase mouse lines, including Agc1-CreERT2 , Col2a1-Cre; Col2a1-CreERT2 , Shh-Cre, Shh-CreERT2 , and Osx-Cre, have been proven to be valuable tools to elucidate the biology of long bones, yet the information for their activity in postnatal intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues was very limited. In this study, we used R26-mTmG fluorescent reporter to systematically analyze cell specificity and targeting efficiency of these six mouse lines in IVD tissues at postnatal growing and adult stages. We found that Agc1-CreERT2 is effective to direct recombination in all components of IVDs, including annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and cartilaginous endplate (CEP), upon tamoxifen induction at either 2 weeks or 2 months of ages. Moreover, Col2a1-Cre targets most of the cells in IVDs, except for some cells in the outer AF (OAF) and NP. In contrast, the activity of Col2a1-CreERT2 is mainly limited to the IAF of IVD tissues at either stage of tamoxifen injection. Similarly, Shh-Cre directs recombination specifically in all NP cells, whereas Shh-CreERT2 is active only in a few NP cells when tamoxifen is administered at either stage. Finally, Osx-Cre targets cells in the CEP, but not in the NP or AF of IVDs tissues at these two stages. Thus, our data demonstrated that all these Cre lines can direct recombination in IVD tissues at postnatal stages with different cell type specificity and/or targeting efficiency, and can, therefore, serve as valuable tools to dissect cell type-specific gene functions in IVD development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejie Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Orthopedics, Lianshui County Peopleʼs Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqi Guan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunchang Liu
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunmei Xiu
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Mohanty S, Pinelli R, Dahia CL. Characterization of Krt19 CreERT allele for targeting the nucleus pulposus cells in the postnatal mouse intervertebral disc. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:128-140. [PMID: 31187500 PMCID: PMC6778700 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration and associated back pain are relatively common but sparsely understood conditions, affecting over 70% of the population during some point of life. Disc degeneration is often associated with a loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Genetic mouse models offer convenient avenues to understand the cellular and molecular regulation of the disc during its formation, growth, maintenance, and aging. However, due to the lack of inducible driver lines to precisely target NP cells in the postnatal mouse disc, progress in this area of research has been moderate. NP cells are known to express cytokeratin 19 (Krt19), and tamoxifen (Tam)‐inducible Krt19CreERT allele is available. The current study describes the characterization of Krt19CreERT allele to specifically and efficiently target NP cells in neonatal, skeletally mature, middle‐aged, and aged mice using two independent fluorescent reporter lines. The efficiency of recombination at all ages was validated by immunostaining for KRT19. Results show that following Tam induction, Krt19CreERT specifically drives recombination of NP cells in the spine of neonatal and aged mice, while no recombination was detected in the surrounding tissues. Knee joints from skeletally mature Tam‐treated Krt19CreERT/+; R26tdTOM mouse show the absence of recombination in all tissues and cells of the knee joint. Thus, this study provides evidence for the use of Krt19CreERT allele for genetic characterization of NP cells at different stages of the mouse life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Mohanty
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Robert Pinelli
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Chitra Lekha Dahia
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York
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27
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Khosravi N, Mendes VC, Nirmal G, Majeed S, DaCosta RS, Davies JE. Intravital Imaging for Tracking of Angiogenesis and Cellular Events Around Surgical Bone Implants. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:617-627. [PMID: 30280999 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT These new experimental methods allow us to image, and quantify, angiogenesis and perivascular cell dynamics in the endosseous healing compartment. As such, the method is capable of providing a new perspective on, and unique information regarding, healing that occurs around orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Khosravi
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Princess Margaret Cancer Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,3 Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa C Mendes
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ghata Nirmal
- 4 Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Safa Majeed
- 5 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- 2 Princess Margaret Cancer Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,5 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,6 Techna Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,3 Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Li H, Li D, Ma Z, Qian Z, Kang X, Jin X, Li F, Wang X, Chen Q, Sun H, Wu S. Defective autophagy in osteoblasts induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and causes remarkable bone loss. Autophagy 2018; 14:1726-1741. [PMID: 29962255 PMCID: PMC6135623 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1483807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly regulated process involved in the turnover of cytosolic components, however its pivotal role in maintenance of bone homeostasis remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the direct role of ATG7 (autophagy related 7) during developmental and remodeling stages in vivo using osteoblast-specific Atg7 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Atg7 cKO mice exhibited a reduced bone mass at both developmental and adult age. The trabecular bone volume of Atg7 cKO mice was significantly lower than that of controls at 5 months of age. This phenotype was attributed to decreased osteoblast formation and matrix mineralization, accompanied with an increased osteoclast number and the extent of the bone surface covered by osteoclasts as well as an elevated secretion of TNFSF11/RANKL (tumor necrosis factor [ligand] superfamily, member 11), and a decrease in TNFRSF11B/OPG (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b [osteoprotegerin]). Remarkably, Atg7 deficiency in osteoblasts triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whereas attenuation of ER stress by administration of phenylbutyric acid in vivo abrogated Atg7 ablation-mediated effects on osteoblast differentiation, mineralization capacity and bone formation. Consistently, Atg7 deficiency impeded osteoblast mineralization and promoted apoptosis partially in DDIT3/CHOP (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3)- and MAPK8/JNK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8)-SMAD1/5/8-dependent manner in vitro, while reconstitution of Atg7 could improve ER stress and restore skeletal balance. In conclusion, our findings provide direct evidences that autophagy plays crucial roles in regulation of bone homeostasis and suggest an innovative therapeutic strategy against skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danhui Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengmin Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Bone and Joint Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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MafB Is Critical for Glucagon Production and Secretion in Mouse Pancreatic α Cells In Vivo. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00504-17. [PMID: 29378833 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00504-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The MafB transcription factor is expressed in pancreatic α and β cells during development but becomes exclusive to α cells in adult rodents. Mafb-null (Mafb-/- ) mice were reported to have reduced α- and β-cell numbers throughout embryonic development. To further analyze the postnatal function of MafB in the pancreas, we generated endocrine cell-specific (MafbΔEndo ) and tamoxifen-dependent (MafbΔTAM ) Mafb knockout mice. MafbΔEndo mice exhibited reduced populations of insulin-positive (insulin+) and glucagon+ cells at postnatal day 0, but the insulin+ cell population recovered by 8 weeks of age. In contrast, the Arx+ glucagon+ cell fraction and glucagon expression remained decreased even in adulthood. MafbΔTAM mice, with Mafb deleted after pancreas maturation, also demonstrated diminished glucagon+ cells and glucagon content without affecting β cells. A decreased Arx+ glucagon+ cell population in MafbΔEndo mice was compensated for by an increased Arx+ pancreatic polypeptide+ cell population. Furthermore, gene expression analyses from both MafbΔEndo and MafbΔTAM islets revealed that MafB is a key regulator of glucagon expression in α cells. Finally, both mutants failed to respond to arginine, likely due to impaired arginine transporter gene expression and glucagon production ability. Taken together, our findings reveal that MafB is critical for the functional maintenance of mouse α cells in vivo, including glucagon production and secretion, as well as in development.
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MAFB is dispensable for the fetal testis morphogenesis and the maintenance of spermatogenesis in adult mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190800. [PMID: 29324782 PMCID: PMC5764304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MAFB is an important regulator of the development and differentiation of various organs and tissues. Previous studies have shown that MAFB is expressed in embryonic and adult mouse testes and is expected to act as the downstream target of retinoic acid (RA) to initiate spermatogenesis. However, its exact localization and function remain unclear. Here, we localized MAFB expression in embryonic and adult testes and analyzed its gene function using Mafb-deficient mice. We found that MAFB and c-MAF are the only large MAF transcription factors expressed in testes, while MAFA and NRL are not. MAFB was localized in Leydig and Sertoli cells at embryonic day (E) 18.5 but in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and pachytene spermatocytes in adults. Mafb-deficient testes at E18.5 showed fully formed seminiferous tubules with no abnormal structure or differences in testicular somatic cell numbers compared with those of control wild-type mice. Additionally, the expression levels of genes related to development and function of testicular cells were unchanged between genotypes. In adults, the expression of MAFB in Sertoli cells was shown to be stage specific and induced by RA. By generating Mafbfl/fl CAG-CreER™ (Mafb-cKO) mice, in which Cre recombinase was activated upon tamoxifen treatment, we found that the neonatal cKO mice died shortly upon Mafb deletion, but adult cKO mice were alive upon deletion. Adult cKO mice were fertile, and spermatogenesis maintenance was normal, as indicated by histological analysis, hormone levels, and germ cell stage-specific markers. Moreover, there were no differences in the proportion of seminiferous stages between cKO mice and controls. However, RNA-Seq analysis of cKO Sertoli cells revealed that the down-regulated genes were related to immune function and phagocytosis activity but not spermatogenesis. In conclusion, we found that MAFB is dispensable for fetal testis morphogenesis and spermatogenesis maintenance in adult mice, despite the significant gene expression in different cell types, but MAFB might be critical for phagocytosis activity of Sertoli cells.
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Wang Q, Tan Q, Xu W, Qi H, Chen D, Zhou S, Ni Z, Kuang L, Guo J, Huang J, Wang X, Wang Z, Su N, Chen L, Chen B, Jiang W, Gao Y, Chen H, Du X, Xie Y, Chen L. Cartilage-specific deletion of Alk5 gene results in a progressive osteoarthritis-like phenotype in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1868-1879. [PMID: 28716756 PMCID: PMC5694025 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGFβRII-Smad3 signaling is involved in articular cartilage homeostasis. However, the role of TGF-β/ALK5 signaling in articular cartilage homeostasis has not been fully defined. In this study, a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches was used to elucidate the role of ALK5 signaling in articular cartilage homeostasis and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Mice with inducible cartilage-specific deletion of Alk5 were generated to assess the role of ALK5 in OA development. Alterations in cartilage structure were evaluated histologically. The expressions of genes associated with articular cartilage homeostasis and TGF-β signaling were analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of TGF-β/ALK5 signaling on articular cartilage homeostasis was explored by analyzing the TGF-β/ALK5 signaling-induced expression of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) using specific inhibitors. RESULTS Postnatal cartilage-specific deletion of Alk5 induced an OA-like phenotype with degradation of articular cartilage, synovial hyperplasia, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis, as well as enhanced chondrocyte apoptosis, overproduction of catabolic factors, and decreased expressions of anabolic factors in chondrocytes. In addition, the expressions of PRG4 mRNA and protein were decreased in Alk5 conditional knockout mice. Furthermore, our results showed, for the first time, that TGF-β/ALK5 signaling regulated PRG4 expression partially through the protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β/ALK5 signaling maintains articular cartilage homeostasis, in part, by upregulating PRG4 expression through the PKA-CREB signaling pathway in articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Q.Y. Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W. Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - H.B. Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - D. Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - S. Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Z.H. Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - L. Kuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J.Y. Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J.L. Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X.X. Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Z.Q. Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - N. Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - L. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - B. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W.L. Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Y. Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - H.G. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X.L. Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: X.L. Du, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. Fax: 86-23-68702991.
| | - Y.L. Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Y.L. Xie, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. Fax: 86-23-68702991.
| | - L. Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: L. Chen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. Fax: 86-23-68702991.
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Nagao M, Hamilton JL, Kc R, Berendsen AD, Duan X, Cheong CW, Li X, Im HJ, Olsen BR. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cartilage Development and Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13027. [PMID: 29026147 PMCID: PMC5638804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide studies indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is associated with osteoarthritis (OA), and increased VEGF expression correlates with increased disease severity. VEGF is also a chondrocyte survival factor during development and essential for bone formation, skeletal growth and postnatal homeostasis. This raises questions of how the important embryonic and postnatal functions of VEGF can be reconciled with an apparently destructive role in OA. Addressing these questions, we find that VEGF acts as a survival factor in growth plate chondrocytes during development but only up until a few weeks after birth in mice. It is also required for postnatal differentiation of articular chondrocytes and the timely ossification of bones in joint regions. In surgically induced knee OA in mice, a model of post-traumatic OA in humans, increased expression of VEGF is associated with catabolic processes in chondrocytes and synovial cells. Conditional knock-down of Vegf attenuates induced OA. Intra-articular anti-VEGF antibodies suppress OA progression, reduce levels of phosphorylated VEGFR2 in articular chondrocytes and synovial cells and reduce levels of phosphorylated VEGFR1 in dorsal root ganglia. Finally, oral administration of the VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor Vandetanib attenuates OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nagao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - John L Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Agnes D Berendsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuchen Duan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chan Wook Cheong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, 820S, Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Kang X, Yang W, Feng D, Jin X, Ma Z, Qian Z, Xie T, Li H, Liu J, Wang R, Li F, Li D, Sun H, Wu S. Cartilage-Specific Autophagy Deficiency Promotes ER Stress and Impairs Chondrogenesis in PERK-ATF4-CHOP-Dependent Manner. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2128-2141. [PMID: 28304100 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is activated during nutritionally depleted or hypoxic conditions to facilitate cell survival. Because growth plate is an avascular and hypoxic tissue, autophagy may have a crucial role during chondrogenesis; however, the functional role and underlying mechanism of autophagy in regulation of growth plate remains elusive. In this study, we generated TamCart Atg7-/- (Atg7cKO) mice to explore the role of autophagy during endochondral ossification. Atg7cKO mice exhibited growth retardation associated with reduced chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, we observed that Atg7 ablation mainly induced the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in growth plate chondrocytes. Although Atg7 ablation induced ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes, the addition of phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone known to attenuate ER stress, partly neutralized such effects of Atg7 ablation on longitudinal bone growth, indicating the causative interaction between autophagy and ER stress in growth plate. Consistent with these findings in vivo, we also observed that Atg7 ablation in cultured chondrocytes resulted in defective autophagy, elevated ER stress, decreased chondrocytes proliferation, impaired expression of col10a1, MMP-13, and VEGFA for chondrocyte differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis, while such effects were partly nullified by reduction of ER stress with PBA. In addition, Atg7 ablation-mediated impaired chondrocyte function (chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis) was partly reversed in CHOP-/- cells, indicating the causative role of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the ER stress response in the action of autophagy deficiency in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that autophagy deficiency may trigger ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes and contribute to growth retardation, thus implicating autophagy as an important regulator during chondrogenesis and providing new insights into the clinical potential of autophagy in cartilage homeostasis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Feng
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianping Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Dudek M, Gossan N, Yang N, Im HJ, Ruckshanthi JP, Yoshitane H, Li X, Jin D, Wang P, Boudiffa M, Bellantuono I, Fukada Y, Boot-Handford RP, Meng QJ. The chondrocyte clock gene Bmal1 controls cartilage homeostasis and integrity. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:365-76. [PMID: 26657859 PMCID: PMC4701559 DOI: 10.1172/jci82755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and debilitating joint disease, and there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatments available. Multiple risk factors for OA, such as aging, result in progressive damage and loss of articular cartilage. Autonomous circadian clocks have been identified in mouse cartilage, and environmental disruption of circadian rhythms in mice predisposes animals to OA-like damage. However, the contribution of the cartilage clock mechanisms to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis is still unclear. Here, we have shown that expression of the core clock transcription factor BMAL1 is disrupted in human OA cartilage and in aged mouse cartilage. Furthermore, targeted Bmal1 ablation in mouse chondrocytes abolished their circadian rhythm and caused progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. We determined that BMAL1 directs the circadian expression of many genes implicated in cartilage homeostasis, including those involved in catabolic, anabolic, and apoptotic pathways. Loss of BMAL1 reduced the levels of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 (p-SMAD2/3) and NFATC2 and decreased expression of the major matrix-related genes Sox9, Acan, and Col2a1, but increased p-SMAD1/5 levels. Together, these results define a regulatory mechanism that links chondrocyte BMAL1 to the maintenance and repair of cartilage and suggest that circadian rhythm disruption is a risk factor for joint diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dudek
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Gossan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Yang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ding Jin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Boudiffa
- The Mellanby Centre, Department of Human Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- The Mellanby Centre, Department of Human Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ray P. Boot-Handford
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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