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Cocea AC, Stoica CI. Interactions and Trends of Interleukins, PAI-1, CRP, and TNF-α in Inflammatory Responses during the Perioperative Period of Joint Arthroplasty: Implications for Pain Management-A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:537. [PMID: 38793119 PMCID: PMC11122505 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation during the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty is a critical aspect of patient outcomes, influencing both the pathophysiology of pain and the healing process. This narrative review comprehensively evaluates the roles of specific cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in this context and their implications for pain management. Inflammatory responses are initiated and propagated by cytokines, which are pivotal in the development of both acute and chronic postoperative pain. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play essential roles in up-regulating the inflammatory response, which, if not adequately controlled, leads to sustained pain and impaired tissue healing. Anti-inflammatory cytokines work to dampen inflammatory responses and promote resolution. Our discussion extends to the genetic and molecular influences on cytokine production, which influence pain perception and recovery rates post-surgery. Furthermore, the role of PAI-1 in modulating inflammation through its impact on the fibrinolytic system highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. The perioperative modulation of these cytokines through various analgesic and anesthetic techniques, including the fascia iliac compartment block, demonstrates a significant reduction in pain and inflammatory markers, thus underscoring the importance of targeted therapeutic strategies. Our analysis suggests that a nuanced understanding of the interplay between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is required. Future research should focus on individualized pain management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabela-Codruta Cocea
- Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Ioan Stoica
- Orthopedics, Anaesthesia Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Colville MJ, Huang LT, Schmidt S, Chen K, Vishwanath K, Su J, Williams RM, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Recombinant manufacturing of multispecies biolubricants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592580. [PMID: 38746339 PMCID: PMC11092771 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lubricin, a lubricating glycoprotein abundant in synovial fluid, forms a low-friction brush polymer interface in tissues exposed to sliding motion including joints, tendon sheaths, and the surface of the eye. Despite its therapeutic potential in diseases such as osteoarthritis and dry eye disease, there are few sources available. Through rational design, we developed a series of recombinant lubricin analogs that utilize the species-specific tissue-binding domains at the N- and C-termini to increase biocompatibility while replacing the central mucin domain with an engineered variant that retains the lubricating properties of native lubricin. In this study, we demonstrate the tissue binding capacity of our engineered lubricin product and its retention in the joint space of rats. Next, we present a new bioprocess chain that utilizes a human-derived cell line to produce O-glycosylation consistent with that of native lubricin and a purification strategy that capitalizes on the positively charged, hydrophobic N- and C-terminal domains. The bioprocess chain is demonstrated at 10 L scale in industry-standard equipment utilizing commonly available ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography resins. Finally, we confirmed the purity and lubricating properties of the recombinant biolubricant. The biomolecular engineering and bioprocessing strategies presented here are an effective means of lubricin production and could have broad applications to the study of mucins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall J. Colville
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Schmidt
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Karan Vishwanath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Semevolos SA, Marchant EA. Comparison of differential protein expression of the marginal transitional zone in neonatal and weanling-aged foals. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102295. [PMID: 38199048 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The marginal transitional zone (MTZ) is peripherally located within the diarthrodial joint, and represents the junction of synovium, fibrous joint capsule, articular cartilage, periosteum, and bone. The purpose of this study is to characterize age-related differences in protein expression of matrix and molecular regulators in the marginal transitional zone of neonatal and weanling foals. Several families of proteins with known roles in cartilage and bone development are investigated, including matrix molecules, members of the Wnt signaling family, apoptotic factors and paracrine cell signaling molecules. Our results demonstrate differential protein expression in the marginal transitional zone from the lateral femoral trochlear ridge of neonatal and weanling foals. Protein expression of several paracrine signaling molecules (Ihh, PTHrP, PDGF, VEGF, β-catenin, cytochrome C) within MTZ cartilage is higher in weanling-aged foals. Collagen type II and lubricin expression is similarly greater in weanling-aged foals, while matrix metalloproteinases are lower, likely reflecting the remodeling that occurs during cartilage development as increasing forces are placed on cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Marchant
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Gonzalez-Nolde S, Schweiger CJ, Davis EER, Manzoni TJ, Hussein SMI, Schmidt TA, Cone SG, Jay GD, Parreno J. The Actin Cytoskeleton as a Regulator of Proteoglycan 4. Cartilage 2024:19476035231223455. [PMID: 38183234 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231223455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage is responsible for distributing shear forces for optimal cartilage loading and contributes to joint lubrication through the production of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4). PRG4 plays a critical role in joint homeostasis and is chondroprotective. Normal PRG4 production is affected by inflammation and irregular mechanical loading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). THe SZ chondrocyte (SZC) phenotype, including PRG4 expression, is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in vitro. There remains a limited understanding of the regulation of PRG4 by the actin cytoskeleton in native articular chondrocytes. The filamentous (F)-actin cytoskeleton is a potential node in crosstalk between mechanical stimulation and cytokine activation and the regulation of PRG4 in SZCs, therefore developing insights in the regulation of PRG4 by actin may identify molecular targets for novel PTOA therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search on PRG4 and the regulation of the SZC phenotype by actin organization was performed. RESULTS PRG4 is strongly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in isolated SZCs in vitro. Biochemical and mechanical stimuli have been characterized to regulate PRG4 and may converge upon actin cytoskeleton signaling. CONCLUSION Actin-based regulation of PRG4 in native SZCs is not fully understood and requires further elucidation. Understanding the regulation of PRG4 by actin in SZCs requires an in vivo context to further potential of leveraging actin arrangement to arthritic therapeutics.
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Role of cartilage and bone matrix regulation in early equine osteochondrosis. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101653. [PMID: 36632355 PMCID: PMC9827356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to better understand the pathogenesis of early equine osteochondrosis (OC) by identifying differences in gene and protein expression of extracellular matrix components and regulators in normal and diseased cartilage and bone, focusing on the osteochondral junction and cells surrounding the cartilage canals. We expected to find an upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and a decrease in extracellular matrix constituent expression along the osteochondral junction and cells surrounding the cartilage canals in OC samples. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (6 OC-affected, 8 normal controls) and cDNA from chondrocytes captured with laser capture microdissection from frozen sections (4 OC-affected, 5 normal controls) were used in this study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on 16 target genes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on osteochondral samples for Sox-9, lubricin, osteocalcin, and collagen type IIB. In OC-affected samples, there was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased gene expression of collagen type IIB, aggrecan, and SOX-9 in chondrocytes surrounding the cartilage canals and decreased gene expression of PRG4 (Lubricin) and collagen type IIB in chondrocytes along the osteochondral junction. We found significantly lower collagen type IIB total matrix percentages in the middle and deep cartilage layers, lower lubricin total cellular percentage in the superficial layer, and higher Sox-9 total cellular percentage in bone of OC samples. No significant differences were found in matrix degradation molecules or HSCORE protein expression at any locations between normal and OC-affected samples in our study.
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Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Strumpf A, Johnson V, Dow SW. Immune Activated Cellular Therapy for Drug Resistant Infections: Rationale, Mechanisms, and Implications for Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2022; 9:610. [PMID: 36356087 PMCID: PMC9695672 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation both present challenges to treatment of bacterial infections with conventional antibiotic therapy and serve as the impetus for development of improved therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy exerts an antimicrobial effect as demonstrated in multiple acute bacterial infection models. This effect can be enhanced by pre-conditioning the MSC with Toll or Nod-like receptor stimulation, termed activated cellular therapy (ACT). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of MSC with emphasis on enhanced effects through receptor agonism, and data supporting use of ACT in treatment of bacterial infections in veterinary species including dogs, cats, and horses with implications for further treatment applications. This review will advance the field's understanding of the use of activated antimicrobial cellular therapy to treat infection, including mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alyssa Strumpf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Valerie Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Steven W. Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Phillips J, Griffenhagen GM, Moore AR, Schaer TP, Engiles JB, Werpy N, Gilbertie J, Schnabel LV, Antczak D, Miller D, Dow S, Goodrich LR. TLR-activated mesenchymal stromal cell therapy and antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant Staphylococcal septic arthritis in an equine model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1157. [PMID: 36467344 PMCID: PMC9708491 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid development of antibiotic resistance necessitates advancement of novel therapeutic strategies to treat infection. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, mediated through antimicrobial peptide secretion and recruitment of innate immune cells including neutrophils and monocytes. TLR-3 activation of human, canine and equine MSC has been shown to enhance bacterial killing and clearance in vitro, in rodent Staphylococcal biofilm infection models and dogs with spontaneous multi-drug-resistant infections. The objective of this study was to determine if intra-articular (IA) TLR-3-activated MSC with antibiotics improved clinical parameters and reduced bacterial counts and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in synovial fluid (SF) of horses with induced septic arthritis. METHODS Eight horses were inoculated in one tarsocrural joint with multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Bone marrow-derived MSC from three unrelated donors were activated with TLR-3 agonist polyinosinic, polycytidylic acid (pIC). Recipient horses received MSC plus vancomycin (TLR-MSC-VAN), or vancomycin (VAN) alone, on days 1, 4, 7 post-inoculation and systemic gentamicin. Pain scores, quantitative bacterial counts (SF, synovium), SF analyses, complete blood counts, cytokine concentrations (SF, plasma), imaging changes (MRI, ultrasound, radiographs), macroscopic joint scores and histologic changes were assessed. Results were reported as mean ± SEM. RESULTS Pain scores (d7, P=0.01, 15.2±0.2 vs. 17.9±0.5), ultrasound (d7, P=0.03, 9.0±0.6 vs. 11.8±0.5), quantitative bacterial counts (SF d7, P=0.02, 0±0 vs. 3.4±0.4; synovium P=0.003, 0.4±0.4 vs. 162.7±18.4), systemic neutrophil (d4, P=0.03, 4.6±0.6 vs. 7.8±0.6) and serum amyloid A (SAA) (d4, P=0.01, 1,106.0±659.0 vs. 2,858.8±141.3; d7, P=0.02, 761.8±746.2 vs. 2,357.3±304.3), and SF lactate (d7, P<0.0001, 5.4±0.2 vs. 15.0±0.3), SAA (endterm, P=0.01, 0.0 vs. 2,094.0±601.6), IL-6 (P=0.03, 313.0±119.2 vs. 1,328.2±208.9), and IL-18 (P=0.02, 11.1±0.5 vs. 13.3±3.8) were improved in TLR-MSC-VAN vs. VAN horses. Study limitations include the small horse sample size, short study duration, and lack of additional control groups. CONCLUSIONS Combined TLR-activated MSC with antibiotic therapy may be a promising approach to manage joint infections with drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gregg M. Griffenhagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A. Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas P. Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Julie B. Engiles
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Gilbertie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Doug Antczak
- Baker Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald Miller
- Baker Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Thampi P, Samulski RJ, Grieger JC, Phillips JN, McIlwraith CW, Goodrich LR. Gene therapy approaches for equine osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:962898. [PMID: 36246316 PMCID: PMC9558289 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.962898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With an intrinsically low ability for self-repair, articular cartilage injuries often progress to cartilage loss and joint degeneration resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis and the associated articular cartilage changes can be debilitating, resulting in lameness and functional disability both in human and equine patients. While articular cartilage damage plays a central role in the pathogenesis of OA, the contribution of other joint tissues to the pathogenesis of OA has increasingly been recognized thus prompting a whole organ approach for therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy methods have generated significant interest in OA therapy in recent years. These utilize viral or non-viral vectors to deliver therapeutic molecules directly into the joint space with the goal of reprogramming the cells' machinery to secrete high levels of the target protein at the site of injection. Several viral vector-based approaches have demonstrated successful gene transfer with persistent therapeutic levels of transgene expression in the equine joint. As an experimental model, horses represent the pathology of human OA more accurately compared to other animal models. The anatomical and biomechanical similarities between equine and human joints also allow for the use of similar imaging and diagnostic methods as used in humans. In addition, horses experience naturally occurring OA and undergo similar therapies as human patients and, therefore, are a clinically relevant patient population. Thus, further studies utilizing this equine model would not only help advance the field of human OA therapy but also benefit the clinical equine patients with naturally occurring joint disease. In this review, we discuss the advancements in gene therapeutic approaches for the treatment of OA with the horse as a relevant patient population as well as an effective and commonly utilized species as a translational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Thampi
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - R. Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joshua C. Grieger
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Phillips
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Laurie R. Goodrich
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Marchant EA, Semevolos SA. Differential Protein Expression of the Marginal Transitional Zone in Foals with Osteochondrosis. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 116:104055. [PMID: 35753633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The marginal transitional zone is peripherally located within the diarthrodial joint, and represents the interface of articular cartilage, periosteum, and the fibrous joint capsule. The purpose of this study is to characterize the protein expression of matrix and molecular regulators in the marginal transitional zone of foals having osteochondrosis (OC) compared to normal foals. Several families of proteins with known roles in cartilage and bone development are investigated, including matrix molecules, Wnt signaling, apoptotic factors and paracrine cell signaling molecules. Our results demonstrate differential protein expression in the marginal transitional zone from the lateral femoral trochlear ridge of foals affected by osteochondrosis. Alterations in protein expression of OC-affected foals mainly involve components of extracellular matrix homeostasis and canonical Wnt signaling. Matrix expression of collagen type IIB and lubricin are decreased and matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression is increased in OC-affected marginal transitional zone samples. Canonical Wnt signaling is inhibited in OC-affected marginal transitional zone samples, based on increased Dickkopf-1 and decreased β-catenin protein expression. Most apoptotic and paracrine signaling proteins are not altered in OC-affected marginal transitional zone samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Marchant
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Stacy A Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
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Contentin R, Jammes M, Bourdon B, Cassé F, Bianchi A, Audigié F, Branly T, Velot É, Galéra P. Bone Marrow MSC Secretome Increases Equine Articular Chondrocyte Collagen Accumulation and Their Migratory Capacities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5795. [PMID: 35628604 PMCID: PMC9146805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine osteoarthritis (OA) leads to cartilage degradation with impaired animal well-being, premature cessation of sport activity, and financial losses. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies are promising for cartilage repair, but face limitations inherent to the cell itself. Soluble mediators and extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs are the alternatives to overcome those limitations while preserving MSC restorative properties. The effect of equine bone marrow MSC secretome on equine articular chondrocytes (eACs) was analyzed with indirect co-culture and/or MSC-conditioned media (CM). The expression of healthy cartilage/OA and proliferation markers was evaluated in eACs (monolayers or organoids). In vitro repair experiments with MSC-CM were made to evaluate the proliferation and migration of eACs. The presence of nanosized EVs in MSC-CM was appraised with nanoparticle tracking assay and transmission electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that the MSC secretome influences eAC phenotype by increasing cartilage functionality markers and cell migration in a greater way than MSCs, which could delay OA final outcomes. This study makes acellular therapy an appealing strategy to improve equine OA treatments. However, the MSC secretome contains a wide variety of soluble mediators and small EVs, such as exosomes, and further investigation must be performed to understand the mechanisms occurring behind these promising effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Contentin
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Biotargen, F-14000 Caen, France; (R.C.); (M.J.); (B.B.); (F.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Manon Jammes
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Biotargen, F-14000 Caen, France; (R.C.); (M.J.); (B.B.); (F.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Bastien Bourdon
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Biotargen, F-14000 Caen, France; (R.C.); (M.J.); (B.B.); (F.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Frédéric Cassé
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Biotargen, F-14000 Caen, France; (R.C.); (M.J.); (B.B.); (F.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Arnaud Bianchi
- Molecular Engineering and Articular Physiopathology (IMoPA), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.B.); (É.V.)
| | - Fabrice Audigié
- Center of Imaging and Research on Locomotor Affections on Equines (CIRALE), Unit Under Contract 957 Equine Biomechanics and Locomotor Disorders (USC 957 BPLC), French National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Thomas Branly
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Biotargen, F-14000 Caen, France; (R.C.); (M.J.); (B.B.); (F.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Émilie Velot
- Molecular Engineering and Articular Physiopathology (IMoPA), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.B.); (É.V.)
| | - Philippe Galéra
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Biotargen, F-14000 Caen, France; (R.C.); (M.J.); (B.B.); (F.C.); (T.B.)
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Noordwijk KJ, Qin R, Diaz-Rubio ME, Zhang S, Su J, Mahal LK, Reesink HL. Metabolism and global protein glycosylation are differentially expressed in healthy and osteoarthritic equine carpal synovial fluid. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:323-333. [PMID: 33587757 PMCID: PMC8364562 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carpal osteochondral fragmentation and subsequent post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) are leading causes of wastage in the equine athlete. Identification of synovial fluid biomarkers could contribute to the diagnosis and understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed metabolic and glycosylation pathways in synovial fluid from healthy horses and horses with naturally occurring carpal OA. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional, in vivo metabolomics and glycomics study. METHODS In cohort 1, carpal synovial fluid (n = 12 horses; n = 6 healthy, n = 6 OA) was analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In cohort 2 (n = 40 horses; n = 20 healthy, n = 20 OA), carpal synovial fluid was analysed using lectin microarrays and a lubricin sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis identified >4900 LC-MS features of which 84 identifiable metabolites were differentially expressed (P < .05) between healthy and OA joints, including key pathways related to inflammation (histidine and tryptophan metabolism), oxidative stress (arginine biosynthesis) and collagen metabolism (lysine metabolism). Principle Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis demonstrated separation between healthy and OA synovial fluid. Lectin microarrays identified distinct glycosylation patterns between healthy and OA synovial fluid, including increased Core 1/Core 3 O-glycosylation, increased α-2,3 sialylation and decreased α-1,2 fucosylation in OA. O-glycans predominated over N-glycans in all synovial fluid samples, and synovial fluid lubricin was increased in OA joints as compared to controls. MAIN LIMITATIONS The sample size in cohort 1 was limited, and there is inherent variation in severity and duration of joint injury in naturally occurring OA. However, LC-MS identified up to 5000 unique features. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest new potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for equine OA. Future targeted metabolomic and glycomic studies should be performed to verify these results. Lectin microarrays could be investigated as a potential screening tool for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of equine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira J. Noordwijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria E. Diaz-Rubio
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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12
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The synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC): Shifting the paradigm of cell therapy in regenerative engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2116865118. [PMID: 34987101 PMCID: PMC8764679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116865118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC) system: a versatile therapy which provides the ability to tailor paracrine responses of different cells and provide a more potent regenerative effect for targeted tissues. Upon challenging the SASC system against an osteoarthritis model, we demonstrate that the factors combined tailored for chondrogenesis have a potent antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effect. This paper also demonstrates the in vivo capacity of SASC to attenuate proteoglycan depletion in the cartilage extracellular matrix while also improving biomechanical properties of the resulting cartilage. We report the first of many applications of the SASC system, which provides a promising step toward clinical translation of a minimally immunogenic stem cell with many commercial advantages over its biological counterpart. Stem cells are of great interest in tissue regeneration due to their ability to modulate the local microenvironment by secreting bioactive factors (collectively, secretome). However, secretome delivery through conditioned media still requires time-consuming cell isolation and maintenance and also may contain factors antagonistic to targeted tissue regeneration. We have therefore engineered a synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC) system which mimics the paracrine effect of the stem cell secretome and provides tailorability of the composition for targeted tissue regeneration. We report the first of many applications of the SASC system we have formulated to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Choosing growth factors important to chondrogenesis and encapsulating respective recombinant proteins in poly (lactic-coglycolic acid) 85:15 (PLGA) we fabricated the SASC system. We compared the antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects of SASC to that of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) using in vitro interleukin 1B-induced and in vivo collagenase-induced osteoarthritis rodent models. We have designed SASC as an injectable therapy with controlled release of the formulated secretome. In vitro, SASC showed significant antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects as seen by the up-regulation of SOX9 and reduction of nitric oxide, ADAMTS5, and PRG4 genes compared to ADSCs. In vivo, treatment with SASC and ADSCs significantly attenuated cartilage degeneration and improved the biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage in comparison to OA control. This SASC system demonstrates the feasibility of developing a completely synthetic, tailorable stem cell secretome which reinforces the possibility of developing a new therapeutic strategy that provides better control over targeted tissue engineering applications.
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13
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Seol D, Choe HH, Zheng H, Brouillette MJ, Fredericks DC, Petersen EB, Song I, Jaidev LR, Salem A, Martin JA. Intra-Articular Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Proteoglycan 4 Gene Therapy for Preventing Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:529-540. [PMID: 34610749 PMCID: PMC9142765 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lubricin, a glycoprotein encoded by the proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) gene, is an essential boundary lubricant that reduces friction between articular cartilage surfaces. The loss of lubricin subsequent to joint injury plays a role in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Here we describe the development and evaluation of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based PRG4 gene therapy intended to restore lubricin in injured joints. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was inserted the PRG4 gene to facilitate tracing the distribution of the transgene product (AAV-PRG4-GFP) in vivo. METHODS Transduction efficiency of AAV-PRG4-GFP was evaluated in joint cells, and the conditioned medium containing secreted PRG4-GFP was used for shear loading/friction and viability tests. In vivo transduction of joint tissues following intra-articular injection of AAV-PRG4-GFP was confirmed in the mouse stifle joint in a surgical model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), and chondroprotective activity was tested in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that PRG4-GFP has lubricin-like cartilage binding and anti-friction properties. Significant cytoprotective effects were seen when cartilage was soaked in PRG4-GFP prior to cyclic shear loading (n = 3). Polymerase chain reaction and confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of PRG4-GFP DNA and protein, respectively, in a mouse DMM (n = 3 per group). In the rabbit ACLT model, AAV-PRG4-GFP gene therapy enhanced lubricin expression (p = 0.001 versus AAV-GFP: n = 7-14) and protected the cartilage from degeneration (p = 0.014 versus AAV-GFP: n = 9-10) when treatments were administered immediately post-operation, but efficacy was lost when treatment was delayed for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION AAV-PRG4-GFP gene therapy protected cartilage from degeneration in a rabbit ACLT model; however, data from the ACLT model suggest that early intervention is essential for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrim Seol
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthodontics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Hyeong Hun Choe
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 12275, Orthopaedic Surgery, St Louis, Missouri, United States;
| | - Marc J Brouillette
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Douglas C Fredericks
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Emily B Petersen
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Ino Song
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,The University of Iowa, 4083, Roy J. Carver Biomedical Engineering, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - L R Jaidev
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Aliasger Salem
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - James A Martin
- The University of Iowa, 4083, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,The University of Iowa, 4083, Roy J. Carver Biomedical Engineering, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.,The University of Iowa, 4083, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
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14
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Fasanello DC, Su J, Deng S, Yin R, Colville MJ, Berenson JM, Kelly CM, Freer H, Rollins A, Wagner B, Rivas F, Hall AR, Rahbar E, DeAngelis PL, Paszek MJ, Reesink HL. Hyaluronic acid synthesis, degradation, and crosslinking in equine osteoarthritis: TNF-α-TSG-6-mediated HC-HA formation. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:218. [PMID: 34416923 PMCID: PMC8377964 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) protein, a TNF-α-responsive hyaladherin, possesses enzymatic activity that can catalyze covalent crosslinks of the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) to another protein to form heavy chain-hyaluronic acid (HC-HA) complexes in pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examined HA synthase and inflammatory gene expression; synovial fluid HA, TNF-α, and viscosity; and TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation in an equine OA model. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA signaling pathway across multiple joint tissues, including synovial membrane, cartilage, and synovial fluid, and (2) determine the impact of OA on synovial fluid composition and biophysical properties. METHODS HA and inflammatory cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, 3, 5, and 11) were analyzed in synovial fluid from 63 OA and 25 control joints, and HA synthase (HAS1-3), TSG-6, and hyaluronan-degrading enzyme (HYAL2, HEXA) gene expression was measured in synovial membrane and cartilage. HA molecular weight (MW) distributions were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and solid-state nanopore measurements, and HC-HA complex formation was detected via immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. SEC-MALS was used to evaluate TSG-6-mediated HA crosslinking, and synovial fluid and HA solution viscosities were analyzed using multiple particle-tracking microrheology and microfluidic measurements, respectively. RESULTS TNF-α concentrations were greater in OA synovial fluid, and TSG6 expression was upregulated in OA synovial membrane and cartilage. TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation was greater in OA synovial fluid and tissues than controls, and HC-HA was localized to both synovial membrane and superficial zone chondrocytes in OA joints. SEC-MALS demonstrated macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA in the presence of TSG-6 and inter-α-inhibitor with concurrent increases in viscosity. CONCLUSIONS Synovial fluid TNF-α concentrations, synovial membrane and cartilage TSG6 gene expression, and HC-HA complex formation were increased in equine OA. Despite the ability of TSG-6 to induce macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA with resultant increases in the viscosity of low MW HA solutions in vitro, HA concentration was the primary determinant of synovial fluid viscosity rather than HA MW or HC-HA crosslinking. The TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Fasanello
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Siyu Deng
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Rose Yin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Marshall J. Colville
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Joshua M. Berenson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Carolyn M. Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Heather Freer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Alicia Rollins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Felipe Rivas
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Adam R. Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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15
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Temple-Wong MM, Raleigh AR, Frisbie DD, Sah RL, McIlwraith CW. Effects of an articular cartilage lubrication with a viscosupplement in vitro and in vivo following osteochondral fractures in horses. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:611-618. [PMID: 34296945 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.8.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the combination of hyaluronan, sodium chondroitin sulfate, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (HCSG) lubricates articular cartilage in vitro and modulates joint lubrication in vivo. ANIMALS 16 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES The effects of HCSG injections on SF lubricant properties and joint health, immediately after injury and 2 weeks later, were analyzed by use an equine osteochondral fracture model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Middle carpal joints of adult horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 surgical treatment groups as follows: normal nonsurgical group (n = 8), normal sham-surgical group (8), OA-induced surgical group with HCSG injection (8), or OA-induced surgical group with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution injection (8). Synovial fluid was aspirated periodically and analyzed for boundary lubrication function and lubricant molecules. At 17 days, joints were screened for gross pathological changes. RESULTS Induction of OA led to an impairment of SF lubrication function and diminished hyaluronan concentration in a time-dependent manner following surgery, with HCSG injection lessening these effects. Certain friction coefficients approached those of unaffected normal equine SF. Induction of OA also caused synovial hemorrhage at 17 days, which was lower in joints treated with HCSG. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE After induction of OA, equine SF lubricant function was impaired. Hyaluronan-sodium chondroitin sulfate-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine injection restored lubricant properties at certain time points and reduced pathological joint changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Temple-Wong
- From the Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine-Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Aimee R Raleigh
- From the Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine-Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David D Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Robert L Sah
- From the Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine-Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - C Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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16
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Matheson A, Regmi SC, Martin-Alarcon L, Jay GD, Scott WM, Schmidt TA. Proteoglycan-4 and hyaluronan composition in synovial fluid and serum from clinical equine subjects: relationship to cartilage boundary lubrication and viscosity of synovial fluid. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:369-380. [PMID: 32306780 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1751140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In experimental models of equine joint-injury and osteoarthritis synovial fluid (SF) composition (proteoglycan-4, hyaluronan) can vary, along with changes to SF mechanical function (lubrication, viscosity). The study hypotheses were a) clinical equine joint-injury and disease results in altered SF composition and diminished mechanical function, and b) serum composition (proteoglycan-4 or hyaluronan) changes concurrently. The objectives were to characterize composition (proteoglycan-4, hyaluronan), and function of SF and serum from normal horses compared to clinical groups: osteoarthritis, acute-joint-injury, and osteochondrosis.Materials and Methods: Equine samples of SF (from various joints) and blood were collected at the point-of-care. Proteoglycan-4 concentrations were measured by amplified-luminescence-proximity-assay and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay in SF and serum, respectively. Molecular-weight of hyaluronan was characterized by agarose-gel-electrophoresis, and concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay kit. Biomechanical function of SF was characterized by an in vitro cartilage-on-cartilage friction test, and viscosity test.Results: SF proteoglycan-4 concentration increased in acute-joint-injury (1185 ± 276 versus normal 205 ± 106 µg/mL, µ± SEM, p < 0.01), with increased percentage of lower molecular-weight hyaluronan in acute-joint-injury and osteochondrosis. SF and serum proteoglycan-4 concentrations were correlated in normal horses (r2 = 0.85, p < 0.05), but not in clinical groups. Cartilage-lubricating ability was unchanged, although steady-shear viscosity of acute-joint-injury SF decreased from normal.Conclusion: Composition of SF from cases of equine acute-joint-injury changed; both proteoglycan-4 concentration and hyaluronan molecular-weight were altered, with decreased SF viscosity, but no associated changes to serum. Serum proteoglycan-4 and hyaluronan concentrations alone may not be useful biomarkers for equine joint-injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austyn Matheson
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine - Warren Alpert Medical School & School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - W Michael Scott
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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17
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Pezzanite L, Chow L, Hendrickson D, Gustafson DL, Russell Moore A, Stoneback J, Griffenhagen GM, Piquini G, Phillips J, Lunghofer P, Dow S, Goodrich LR. Evaluation of Intra-Articular Amikacin Administration in an Equine Non-inflammatory Joint Model to Identify Effective Bactericidal Concentrations While Minimizing Cytotoxicity. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:676774. [PMID: 34095281 PMCID: PMC8175670 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.676774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic arthritis causes significant morbidity and mortality in veterinary and human clinical practice and is increasingly complicated by multidrug-resistant infections. Intra-articular (IA) antibiotic administration achieves high local drug concentrations but is considered off-label usage, and appropriate doses have not been defined. Using an equine joint model, we investigated the effects of amikacin injected at three different doses (500, 125, and 31.25 mg) on the immune and cartilage responses in tibiotarsal joints. Synovial fluid (SF) was sampled at multiple time points over 24 h, the cell counts determined, and amikacin concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cytokine concentrations and collagen degradation products in SF were measured by ELISA and multiplex immunoassays. The mean amikacin concentrations in SF were greater than or equal to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.004 mg/ml) for most common equine joint pathogens at all time points tested to 24 h for all three amikacin doses evaluated. The inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) increased significantly in SF in the highest amikacin dose group, despite the fact that increases in SF cell counts were not observed. Similarly, the biomarkers of cartilage type II collagen cleavage (C2C and C12C) were increased in SF following amikacin injection. Mechanistically, we further demonstrated using in vitro studies that chondrocytes and synoviocytes killed by exposure to amikacin underwent apoptotic cell death and were phagocytosed by macrophages in a non-inflammatory process resembling efferocytosis. Neutrophils and T cells were susceptible to amikacin cytotoxicity at clinically relevant doses, which may result in blunting of cellular inflammatory responses in SF and account for the lack of increase in total nucleated cell counts following amikacin injection. In summary, decisions on whether to inject cytotoxic antibiotics such as aminoglycosides intra-articularly and what doses to use should take into account the potential harm that antibiotics may cause and consider lower doses than those previously reported in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dean Hendrickson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jason Stoneback
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gregg M Griffenhagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gabriella Piquini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Paul Lunghofer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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18
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Watkins A, Fasanello D, Stefanovski D, Schurer S, Caracappa K, D'Agostino A, Costello E, Freer H, Rollins A, Read C, Su J, Colville M, Paszek M, Wagner B, Reesink H. Investigation of synovial fluid lubricants and inflammatory cytokines in the horse: a comparison of recombinant equine interleukin 1 beta-induced synovitis and joint lavage models. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:189. [PMID: 33980227 PMCID: PMC8117281 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lameness is a debilitating condition in equine athletes that leads to more performance limitation and loss of use than any other medical condition. There are a limited number of non-terminal experimental models that can be used to study early inflammatory and synovial fluid biophysical changes that occur in the equine joint. Here, we compare the well-established carpal IL-1β-induced synovitis model to a tarsal intra-articular lavage model, focusing on serial changes in synovial fluid inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the synovial fluid lubricating molecules lubricin/proteoglycan 4 and hyaluronic acid. The objectives of this study were to evaluate clinical signs; synovial membrane and synovial fluid inflammation; and synovial fluid lubricants and biophysical properties in response to carpal IL-1β synovitis and tarsal intra-articular lavage. RESULTS Hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations, especially high molecular weight HA, and synovial fluid viscosity decreased after both synovitis and lavage interventions. Synovial fluid lubricin concentrations increased 17-20-fold for both synovitis and lavage models, with similar changes in both affected and contralateral joints, suggesting that repeated arthrocentesis alone resulted in elevated synovial fluid lubricin concentrations. Synovitis resulted in a more severe inflammatory response based on clinical signs (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, lameness and joint effusion) and clinicopathological and biochemical parameters (white blood cell count, total protein, prostaglandin E2, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, tumor necrosis factor-α and CC chemokine ligands - 2, - 3, - 5 and - 11) as compared to lavage. CONCLUSIONS Synovial fluid lubricin increased in response to IL-1β synovitis and joint lavage but also as a result of repeated arthrocentesis. Frequent repeated arthrocentesis is associated with inflammatory changes, including increased sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentrations and decreased hyaluronic acid concentrations. Synovitis results in more significant inflammatory changes than joint lavage. Our data suggests that synovial fluid lubricin, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL11 and sGAG may be useful biomarkers for synovitis and post-lavage joint inflammation. Caution should be exercised when performing repeated arthrocentesis clinically or in experimental studies due to the inflammatory response and loss of HA and synovial fluid viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Watkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Diana Fasanello
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney Schurer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Caracappa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Albert D'Agostino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emily Costello
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heather Freer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Rollins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Claire Read
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marshall Colville
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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19
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Cheng JH, Yen KT, Chou WY, Jhan SW, Hsu SL, Ko JY, Wang CJ, Kuo CEA, Wu SY, Hsu TC, Hsu CC. Autologous Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Shockwave Therapy Synergistically Ameliorates the Osteoarthritic Pathological Factors in Knee Joint. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:318. [PMID: 33916108 PMCID: PMC8065528 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and shockwave (SW) therapy have been shown to exert a chondroprotective effect for osteoarthritis (OA). The results of this study demonstrated that autologous ADSCs had dose-dependent and synergistic effects with SW therapy (0.25 mJ/mm2 with 800 impulses) in OA rat knee joint. Autologous, high-dose 2 × 106 ADSCs (ADSC2 group) combined with SW therapy significantly increased the bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number among in the treatment groups. ADSC2 combined with SW therapy significantly reduced the synovitis score and OARSI score in comparison with other treatments. In the analysis of inflammation-induced extracellular matrix factors of the articular cartilage in OA, the results displayed that ADSC2 combined with SW therapy had a greater than other treatments in terms of reducing tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene (TSG)-6 and proteoglycan (PRG)-4, in addition to increasing tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and type II collagen. Furthermore, ADSC2 combined with SW therapy significantly reduced the expression of inflammation-induced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-6. Therefore, the results demonstrated that ADSC2 combined with SW therapy had a synergistic effect to ameliorate osteoarthritic pathological factors in OA joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Hong Cheng
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Ke-Tien Yen
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Yi Chou
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wun Jhan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ling Hsu
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Yang Ko
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jen Wang
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chun-En Aurea Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (C.-E.A.K.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Szu-Ying Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (C.-E.A.K.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Tsai-Chin Hsu
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Hsu
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.K.); (C.-J.W.); (T.-C.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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20
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Ji X, Ito A, Nakahata A, Nishitani K, Kuroki H, Aoyama T. Effects of in vivo cyclic compressive loading on the distribution of local Col2 and superficial lubricin in rat knee cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:543-552. [PMID: 32716572 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of an episode of in vivo cyclic loading on rat knee articular cartilage (AC) under medium-term observation, while also investigating relevant factors associated with the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Twelve-week-old Wistar rats underwent one episode comprising 60 cycles of 20 N or 50 N dynamic compression on the right knee joint. Spatiotemporal changes in the AC after loading were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after loading (n = 6 for each condition). Chondrocyte vitality was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after loading (n = 2 for each condition). A localized AC lesion on the lateral femoral condyle was confirmed in all subjects. The surface and intermediate cartilage in the affected area degenerated after loading, but the calcified cartilage remained intact. Expression of type II collagen in the lesion cartilage was upregulated after loading, whereas the superficial lubricin layer was eroded in response to cyclic compression. However, the distribution of superficial lubricin gradually recovered to the normal level 4 weeks after loading-induced injury. We confirmed that 60 repetitions of cyclic loading exceeding 20 N could result in cartilage damage in the rat knee. Endogenous repairs in well-structured joints work well to rebuild protective layers on the lesion cartilage surface, which may be the latent factor delaying the progression of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakahata
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Matheson A, Regmi SC, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Scott WM. The Effect of Intense Exercise on Equine Serum Proteoglycan-4/Lubricin. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:599287. [PMID: 33392293 PMCID: PMC7772952 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.599287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Local biological and biomechanical-stimuli modulate proteoglycan-4 secretion within synovial joints. For the horse, changes to proteoglycan-4 concentration and function are notable in acute joint injury and osteoarthritis. Proteoglycan-4 (also known as Lubricin) is present in the blood, however the effect of exercise on equine serum levels is unknown. The overall objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of intense exercise on serum proteoglycan-4 in thoroughbred horses. Methods: Samples of blood were taken from thoroughbreds (n = 12) during a chuckwagon racing event (Alberta, Canada). The chuckwagon race is a sprint racing event where teams of horses pull a combined 1,325 lbs (601 kg) of wagon and driver around a 5/8th mile (1 km) of dirt track, racing at full gallop to the finish. Blood samples were collected 30-min before the race start, and several timepoints post-race: 5-min, 90-min, 3-h, 12-h, and 23-h. Proteoglycan-4 concentrations in serum were quantified by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay using recombinant-human proteoglycan-4 standards and anti-proteoglycan-4 mAb 9G3. The molecular weight of immunoreactive proteoglycan-4 in serum was assessed by western blot. Results: Proteoglyan-4 in serum demonstrated the expected high MW immunoreactivity to mAb 9G3, consistent with that of full length PRG4. Serum proteoglycan-4 decreased five-minutes post-race from baseline concentration (0.815 ± 0.175 to 0.466 ± 0.090 μg/mL, μ ± SEM, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The concentration of serum proteoglycan-4 in horses decreased significantly five min post-exercise. A potential explanation for this finding could be increased proteoglycan-4 clearance from the circulation. Further investigations could extend to complete the detailed characterization of proteoglycan-4 structure and its potential function within the blood as it relates to joint health and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austyn Matheson
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - W Michael Scott
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Feeney E, Galesso D, Secchieri C, Oliviero F, Ramonda R, Bonassar LJ. Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Synovial Fluids Exhibit New and Distinct Tribological Endotypes. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:111001. [PMID: 32577715 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Inferior synovial lubrication is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), and synovial fluid (SF) lubrication and composition are variable among OA patients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) viscosupplementation is a widely used therapy for improving SF viscoelasticity and lubrication, but it is unclear how the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements varies with arthritic endotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the HA viscosupplement, Hymovis®, on the lubricating properties of diseased SF from patients with noninflammatory OA and inflammatory arthritis (IA). The composition (cytokine, HA, and lubricin concentrations) of the SF was measured as well as the mechanical properties (rheology, tribology) of the SF alone and in a 1:1 mixture with the HA viscosupplement. Using rotational rheometry, no difference in SF viscosity was detected between disease types, and the addition of HA significantly increased all fluids' viscosities. In noninflammatory OA SF, friction coefficients followed a typical Stribeck pattern, and their magnitude was decreased by the addition of HA. While some of the IA SF also showed typical Stribeck behavior, a subset showed more erratic behavior with highly variable and larger friction coefficients. Interestingly, this aberrant behavior was not eliminated by the addition of HA, and it was associated with low concentrations of lubricin. Aberrant SF exhibited significantly lower effective viscosities compared to noninflammatory OA and IA SF with typical tribological behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that different endotypes of arthritis exist with respect to lubrication, which may impact the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements in reducing friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Feeney
- Nancy and Peter Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 152 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme, Padua 35031, Italy
| | - Cynthia Secchieri
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme, Padua 35031, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Nancy and Peter Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 152, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 149, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853
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23
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Wang T, Hao Z, Liu C, Yuan L, Li L, Yin M, Li Q, Qi Z, Wang Z. MiR-193b modulates osteoarthritis progression through targeting ST3GAL4 via sialylation of CD44 and NF-кB pathway. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109814. [PMID: 33080315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide epidemic and debilitating disease. It is urgent to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of OA which has crucial roles in the treatment strategy. As a post-translational modification, sialylation mediates the progression of OA. In current study, differential expression of sialyltransferases (STs) in normal and OA cartilage tissues is detected. The ST3GAL4 expression is significantly increased and positively associated with modified Mankin's score in OA tissue. Alteration of ST3GAL4 respectively mediates the degradation of extracellular mechanisms (ECM), apoptosis and proliferation in chondrocytes. Additionally, miR-193b is identified as a direct regulatory target of ST3GAL4. Functional analysis shows that modulation of ST3GAL4 could be reversed by miR-193b. Over-expression ST3GAL4 modifies CD44 sialylation. Finally, sialylated CD44 reduces the binding capacity to lubricin and mediates the activity of the NF-кB pathway. Collectively, these researches indicate that miR-193b/ST3GAL4 axis impacts OA progression by regulating CD44 sialylation via NF-кB pathway. Our researches propose a precise molecular mechanism and provide a prospective therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lebin Yuan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Menghong Yin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiming Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Gludish DW, Hayashi K, Todhunter RJ, Krotscheck U, Johnson PJ, Cummings BP, Su J, Reesink HL. Synovial fluid lubricin increases in spontaneous canine cruciate ligament rupture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16725. [PMID: 33028842 PMCID: PMC7542452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lubricin is an important boundary lubricant and chondroprotective glycoprotein in synovial fluid. Both increased and decreased synovial fluid lubricin concentrations have been reported in experimental post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) animal models and in naturally occurring joint injuries in humans and animals, with no consensus about how lubricin is altered in different species or injury types. Increased synovial fluid lubricin has been observed following intra-articular fracture in humans and horses and in human late-stage osteoarthritis; however, it is unknown how synovial lubricin is affected by knee-destabilizing injuries in large animals. Spontaneous rupture of cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL), the anterior cruciate ligament equivalent in quadrupeds, is a common injury in dogs often accompanied by OA. Here, clinical records, radiographs, and synovial fluid samples from 30 dogs that sustained RCCL and 9 clinically healthy dogs were analyzed. Synovial fluid lubricin concentrations were nearly 16-fold greater in RCCL joints as compared to control joints, while IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations did not differ between groups. Synovial fluid lubricin concentrations were correlated with the presence of radiographic OA and were elevated in three animals sustaining RCCL injury prior to the radiographic manifestation of OA, indicating that lubricin may be a potential biomarker for early joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David W Gludish
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ursula Krotscheck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Philippa J Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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25
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Watkins AR, Reesink HL. Lubricin in experimental and naturally occurring osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1303-1315. [PMID: 32504786 PMCID: PMC8043104 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lubricin is increasingly being evaluated as an outcome measure in studies investigating post-traumatic and naturally occurring osteoarthritis. However, there are discrepancies in results, making it unclear as to whether lubricin is increased, decreased or unchanged in osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to review all papers that measured lubricin in joint injury or osteoarthritis in order to draw conclusions about lubricin regulation in joint disease. DESIGN A systematic search of the Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCOhost databases for papers was performed. Inclusion criteria were in vivo studies that measured lubricin in humans or animals with joint injury, that investigated lubricin supplementation in osteoarthritic joints, or that described the phenotype of a lubricin knock-out model. A methodological assessment was performed. RESULTS Sixty-two studies were included, of which thirty-eight measured endogenous lubricin in joint injury or osteoarthritis. Nineteen papers found an increase or no change in lubricin and nineteen reported a decrease. Papers that reported a decrease in lubricin were cited four times more often than those that reported an increase. Fifteen papers described lubricin supplementation, and all reported a beneficial effect. Eleven papers described lubricin knock-out models. CONCLUSIONS The human literature reveals similar distributions of papers reporting increased lubricin as compared to decreased lubricin in osteoarthritis. The animal literature is dominated by reports of decreased lubricin in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model, whereas studies in large animal models report increased lubricin. Intra-articular lubricin supplementation may be beneficial regardless of whether lubricin increases or decreases in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Watkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - H L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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26
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Shi L, Liang T, Yang F, Zhu FF, Liu J, Jiang JQ, Wu XW, Chen AS, Yuan DP, Liang XL. Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 induces proteoglycan degradation in gouty arthritis model. Gene 2020; 765:145120. [PMID: 32896590 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is an inflammatory arthritis resulting from precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints and surrounding tissues. However, the mechanism underlying high levels of uric acid inducing gouty arthritis has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to investigate the role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in the development of gouty arthritis from hyperuricemia. METHOD MSU crystal-induced gouty arthritis model and chondrocytes were used to evaluate changes of MMP-3 levels. Western blot, qPCR and ELISA were performed to detect MMP-3, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) expressions in rabbit chondrocytes. Expression of proteoglycan was determined through toluidine blue staining. Concentrations of glycosaminoglycan, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in chondrocytes were assessed via ELISA kits. Concentration of uric acid in supernate was tested by Automatic Analyzer. RESULTS MMP-3 was significantly increased in rat serum, synovial fluid, cartilages and chondrocytes treated with high-level uric acid. Increased concentration of glycosaminoglycancould be observed in chondrocytes incubated with MMP-3, as well as the remarkable downregulation of proteoglycan expression. Furthermore, high-level uric acid contributed to the degradation of proteoglycan via the activation of MMP-3. IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were increased significantly in 35 °C compared to 37 °C with MMP-3 and high-level uric acid. CONCLUSION Our study showed that MMP-3 was enhanced by high levels of uric acid, which promoted proteoglycan degradation, and induced MSU crystallization in turn. A low temperature environment is an important factor in the development of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tao Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Qian Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - An-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dong-Ping Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xin-Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi; University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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27
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Peal BT, Gagliardi R, Su J, Fortier LA, Delco ML, Nixon AJ, Reesink HL. Synovial fluid lubricin and hyaluronan are altered in equine osteochondral fragmentation, cartilage impact injury, and full-thickness cartilage defect models. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1826-1835. [PMID: 31965593 PMCID: PMC7354223 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate temporal changes in lubricin, hyaluronan (HA), and HA molecular weight (MW) distributions in three distinct models of equine joint injury affecting the carpal (wrist), tarsal (ankle), and femoropatellar (knee) joints. To establish ranges for lubricin, HA, and HA MW distributions across multiple joints, we first evaluated clinically healthy, high-motion equine joints. Synovial fluid was collected from high-motion joints in horses without clinical signs of joint disease (n = 11 horses, 102 joints) and from research horses undergoing carpal osteochondral fragmentation (n = 8), talar cartilage impact injury (n = 7), and femoral trochlear ridge full-thickness cartilage injury (n = 22) prior to and following arthroscopically induced joint injury. Lubricin and HA concentrations were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and gel electrophoresis was performed to evaluate HA MW distributions. Synovial fluid parameters were analyzed via linear regression models, revealing that lubricin and HA concentrations were conserved across healthy, high-motion joints. Lubricin concentrations increased post-injury in all osteoarthritis models (carpal fragmentation P = .001; talar impact P < .001; femoral trochlear ridge cartilage defect P = .03). Sustained loss of HA was noted post-arthroscopy following carpal osteochondral fragmentation (P < .0001) and talar impact injury (P < .001). Lubricin may be elevated to compensate for the loss of HA and to protect cartilage post-injury. Further investigation into the mechanisms regulating lubricin and HA following joint injury and their effects on joint homeostasis is warranted, including whether lubricin has value as a biomarker for post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette T. Peal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Rachel Gagliardi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Lisa A. Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Michelle L. Delco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Alan J. Nixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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28
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Irwin R, Feeney E, Secchieri C, Galesso D, Cohen I, Oliviero F, Ramonda R, Bonassar L. Distinct tribological endotypes of pathological human synovial fluid reveal characteristic biomarkers and variation in efficacy of viscosupplementation at reducing local strains in articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:492-501. [PMID: 32105835 PMCID: PMC7707424 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Viscosupplementation has been used for decades to treat mild to moderate osteoarthritis, yet it is unknown if the lubricating function of different pathological synovial fluids (SF) vary, or if they respond differentially to viscosupplementation. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the friction coefficients and induced shear strains in articular cartilage when lubricated with pathological SF, (ii) identify the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) supplementation on friction coefficients and shear strains, and (iii) identify SF biomarkers that correlate with lubricating function. METHOD Human pathological SF was grouped by white blood cell count (inflammatory: >2000 cells/mm3, n = 6; non-inflammatory: <2000 cells/mm3, n = 6). Compositional analyses for lubricin and cytokines were performed. Friction coefficients and local tissue shear strain measurements were coupled using new, microscale rheological analyses by lubricating neonatal bovine cartilage explants with SF alone and in a 1:1 ratio with HA (Hymovis®). RESULTS Friction coefficients were not significantly different between the inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathologies (p = 0.09), and were poorly correlated with peak tissue strains at the cartilage articular surface (R2 = 0.34). A subset of inflammatory SF samples induced higher tissue strains, and HA supplementation was most effective at lowering friction and tissue strains in this inflammatory subset. Across all pathologies there were clear relationships between polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), IL-8, and lubricin concentrations with cartilage tissue strains. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pathological SF is characterized by distinct tribological endotypes where SF lubricating behaviors are differentially modified by viscosupplementation and are identifiable by biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Irwin
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E. Feeney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - I. Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - F. Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - R. Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L.J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: L.J. Bonassar, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 237 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. Tel.: 607-255-9381. (L.J. Bonassar)
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Delco ML, Goodale M, Talts JF, Pownder SL, Koff MF, Miller AD, Nixon B, Bonassar LJ, Lundgren-Åkerlund E, Fortier LA. Integrin α10β1-Selected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate the Progression of Osteoarthritis in an Equine Talar Impact Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:612-623. [PMID: 32004077 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519899087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intervention with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after articular trauma has the potential to limit progression of focal lesions and prevent ongoing cartilage degeneration by modulating the joint environment and/or contributing to repair. Integrin α10β1 is the main collagen type II binding receptor on chondrocytes, and MSCs that are selected for high expression of the α10 subunit have improved chondrogenic potential. The ability of α10β1-selected (integrin α10high) MSCs to protect cartilage after injury has not been investigated. PURPOSE To investigate integrin α10high MSCs to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis in an equine model of impact-induced talar injury. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Focal cartilage injuries were created on the tali of horses (2-5 years, n = 8) by using an impacting device equipped to measure impact stress. Joints were treated with 20 × 106 allogenic adipose-derived α10high MSCs or saline vehicle (control) 4 days after injury. Synovial fluid was collected serially and analyzed for protein content, cell counts, markers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor α) and collagen homeostasis (procollagen II C-propeptide, collagen type II cleavage product), and glycosaminoglycan content. Second-look arthroscopy was performed at 6 weeks, and horses were euthanized at 6 months. Joints were imaged with radiographs and quantitative 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Postmortem examinations were performed, and India ink was applied to the talar articular surface to identify areas of cartilage fibrillation. Synovial membrane and osteochondral histology was performed, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess type I and II collagen and lubricin. A mixed effect model with Tukey post hoc and linear contrasts or paired t tests were used, as appropriate. RESULTS Integrin α10high MSC-treated joints had less subchondral bone sclerosis on radiographs (P = .04) and histology (P = .006) and less cartilage fibrillation (P = .04) as compared with control joints. On gross pathology, less India ink adhered to impact sites in treated joints than in controls, which may be explained by the finding of more prominent lubricin immunostaining in treated joints. Prostaglandin E2 concentration in synovial fluid and mononuclear cell synovial infiltrate were increased in treated joints, suggesting possible immunomodulation by integrin α10high MSCs. CONCLUSION Intra-articular administration of integrin α10high MSCs is safe, and evidence suggests that the cells mitigate the effects of joint trauma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This preclinical study indicates that intra-articular therapy with integrin α10high MSCs after joint trauma may be protective against posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
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Feeney E, Peal BT, Inglis JE, Su J, Nixon AJ, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL. Temporal changes in synovial fluid composition and elastoviscous lubrication in the equine carpal fracture model. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1071-1079. [PMID: 30859611 PMCID: PMC6768400 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine temporal variations in synovial fluid composition and lubrication following articular fracture. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was induced by creating an osteochondral fracture in the middle carpal joint of four horses while the contralateral limb served as a sham-operated control. Horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill, and synovial fluid was collected pre-operatively and at serial timepoints until 75 days post-operatively. Lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations were measured using sandwich ELISAs, and the molecular weight distribution of HA was analyzed via gel electrophoresis. Synovial fluid viscosity and cartilage friction coefficients across all modes of lubrication were measured on days 0, 19, 33, and 61 using a commercial rheometer and a custom tribometer, respectively. HA concentrations were significantly decreased post-operatively, and high molecular weight HA (>6.1MDa) did not recover to pre-operative values by the study termination at day 75. Lubricin concentrations increased after surgery to a greater extent in the OA as compared to sham-operated limbs. Viscosity was significantly reduced after surgery. While boundary and elastoviscous mode friction coefficients did not vary, the transition number, representing the shift between these modes, was lower. Although more pronounced in the OA limbs, similar derangements in HA, HA molecular weight distribution, viscosity, and transition number were observed in the sham-operated limbs, which may be explained by synovial fluid washout during arthroscopy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Feeney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Bridgette T. Peal
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jacqueline E. Inglis
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jin Su
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Alan J. Nixon
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Hurtig M, Zaghoul I, Sheardown H, Schmidt TA, Liu L, Zhang L, Elsaid KA, Jay GD. Two compartment pharmacokinetic model describes the intra-articular delivery and retention of rhprg4 following ACL transection in the Yucatan mini pig. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:386-396. [PMID: 30488470 PMCID: PMC7201402 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the injured joint with rhPRG4 is based on recent observations that inflammation diminishes expression of native PRG4. Re-establishing lubrication between pressurized and sliding cartilage surfaces during locomotion promotes the nascent expression of PRG4 and thus intra-articular (IA) treatment strategies should be supported by pharmacokinetic evidence establishing the residence time of rhPRG4. A total of 21 Yucatan minipigs weighing ∼55 kg each received 4 mg of 131 I-rhPRG4 delivered by IA injection 5 days following surgical ACL transection. Animals were sequentially euthanized following IA rhPRG4 at 10 min (time zero), 24, 72 h, 6, 13 and 20 days later. The decay of the 131 I-rhPRG4 was measured relative to a non-injected aliquot and normalized to the weight of cartilage samples, menisci and synovium, and known cartilage volumes from each compartment surface obtained from representative Yucatan minipig knees. Decay of 131 I-rhPRG4 from joint tissues best fit a two-compartment model with an α half-life (t1/2α ) of 11.28 h and β half-life (t1/2β ) of 4.81 days. The tibial and femoral cartilage, meniscii, and synovium retained 7.7% of dose at 24 h. High concentrations of rhPRG4 were found in synovial fluid (SF) that was non-aspiratable and resided on the articular surfaces, removable by irrigation, at 10 min following 131 I-rhPRG4 injection. Synovial fluid K21 exceeded K12 and SF t1/2β was 28 days indicating SF is the reservoir for rhPRG4 following IA injection. Clinical Significance: rhPRG4 following IA delivery in a traumatized joint populates articular surfaces for a considerable period and may promote the native expression of PRG4. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:386-396, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hurtig
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iman Zaghoul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut,,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,,Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Reesink HL, Nixon AJ, Su J, Liu S, Sutton RM, Mann S, Watts AE, Peterson RP. Galectins-1 and-3 Increase in Equine Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:288. [PMID: 30525048 PMCID: PMC6256174 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are potent regulators of cell adhesion, growth and apoptosis in diverse cell types, including chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Elevations in synovial fluid galectin-3 have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and experimental inflammatory arthritis in animal models, whereas galectin-1 is thought to be protective. Less is known about galectins-1 and-3 in osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was: (1) to determine whether galectin-1 and-3 synovial fluid concentrations and synovial membrane and cartilage histochemical staining were altered following osteochondral injury in an experimental equine osteoarthritis (OA) model and (2) to measure galectin-1 and-3 mRNA expression and synovial fluid concentrations in naturally occurring equine carpal OA. Synovial fluid galectin-1 and-3 concentrations were quantified using custom ELISAs in two research horse cohorts undergoing experimental OA induction (n = 5 and 4) and in a cohort of horses with naturally occurring carpal OA (n = 57). Galectin mRNA expression in synovial membrane and cartilage tissue obtained from carpal joints of horses with naturally occurring OA was measured using RT-qPCR, and galectin immunostaining was assessed in synovial membrane and osteochondral tissues in the experimental model (n = 5). Synovial fluid galectin-1 and-3 concentrations increased following experimental carpal osteochondral fragmentation. Cartilage galectin-1 mRNA expression increased with OA severity in naturally occurring disease. The superficial zone of healthy articular cartilage stained intensely for galectin-3 in sham-operated joints, whereas galectin-1 staining was nearly absent. Chondrocyte galectin-1 and-3 immunoreactivity increased following cartilage injury, particularly in galectin-1 positive chondrones. Galectins-1 and-3 are present in healthy equine synovial fluid and increase following post-traumatic OA. Healthy superficial zone chondrocytes express galectin-3, whereas galectin-1 chondrocyte staining is limited predominantly to chondrones and injured cartilage. Further work is needed to clarify the functions of galectins-1 and-3 in healthy and OA joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alan J. Nixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sherry Liu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ryan M. Sutton
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ashlee E. Watts
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ryan P. Peterson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Donahue SW. Krogh's principle for musculoskeletal physiology and pathology. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2018; 18:284-291. [PMID: 30179205 PMCID: PMC6146200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
August Krogh was a comparative physiologist who used frogs, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and horses in his research that led to his Nobel Prize on muscle physiology. His idea to choose the most relevant organism to study problems in physiology has become known as Krogh's principle. Indeed, many important discoveries in physiology have been made using naturally occurring animal models. However, the majority of research today utilizes laboratory mouse and rat models to study problems in physiology. This paper discusses how Krogh's principle can be invoked in musculoskeletal research as a complementary approach to using standard laboratory rodent models for solving problems in musculoskeletal physiology. This approach may increase our ability to treat musculoskeletal diseases clinically. For example, it has been noted that progress in osteogenesis imperfecta research has been limited by the absence of a naturally occurring animal model. Several examples of naturally occurring animal models are discussed including osteoarthritis and osteosarcoma in dogs, resistance to disuse induced bone and skeletal muscle loss in mammalian hibernators, and bone phenotypic plasticity in fish lacking osteocytes. Many musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) occur naturally in companion animals, which may provide clues on etiology and progression of musculoskeletal diseases and accelerate the development of pharmaceutical therapies for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W. Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, USA,Corresponding author: Seth W. Donahue, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA E-mail:
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34
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Gilbertie JM, Long JM, Schubert AG, Berglund AK, Schaer TP, Schnabel LV. Pooled Platelet-Rich Plasma Lysate Therapy Increases Synoviocyte Proliferation and Hyaluronic Acid Production While Protecting Chondrocytes From Synoviocyte-Derived Inflammatory Mediators. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:150. [PMID: 30023361 PMCID: PMC6039577 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are being used with moderate success to treat osteoarthritis (OA) in humans and in veterinary species. Such preparations are hindered, however, by being autologous in nature and subject to tremendous patient and processing variability. For this reason, there has been increasing interest in the use of platelet lysate preparations instead of traditional PRP. Platelet lysate preparations are acellular, thereby reducing concerns over immunogenicity, and contain high concentrations of growth factors and cytokines. In addition, platelet lysate preparations can be stored frozen for readily available use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pooled allogeneic platelet-rich plasma lysate (PRP-L) preparation on equine synoviocytes and chondrocytes challenged with inflammatory mediators in-vitro to mimic the OA joint environment. Our hypothesis was that PRP-L treatment of inflamed synoviocytes would protect chondrocytes challenged with synoviocyte conditioned media by reducing synoviocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine production while increasing synoviocyte anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Synoviocytes were stimulated with either interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h followed by no treatment or treatment with platelet-poor plasma lysate (PPP-L) or PRP-L for 48 h. Synoviocyte growth was evaluated at the end of the treatment period and synoviocyte conditioned media was assessed for concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Chondrocytes were then challenged for 48 h with synoviocyte conditioned media from each stimulation and treatment group and examined for gene expression of collagen types I (COL1A1), II (COL2A1), and III (COL3A1), aggrecan (ACAN), lubricin (PRG4), and matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP-3) and 13 (MMP-13). Treatment of inflamed synoviocytes with PRP-L resulted in increased synoviocyte growth and increased synoviocyte HA and IL-6 production. Challenge of chondrocytes with conditioned media from PRP-L treated synoviocytes resulted in increased collagen type II and aggrecan gene expression as well as decreased MMP-13 gene expression. The results of this study support continued investigation into the use of pooled PRP-L for the treatment of osteoarthritis and warrant further in-vitro studies to discern the mechanisms of action of PRP-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Gilbertie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Unites States
| | - Julie M Long
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alicia G Schubert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alix K Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Unites States
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Unites States
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