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Mesenchymal stem cells and connective tissue diseases: From bench to bedside. J Transl Int Med 2022. [PMID: 37533846 PMCID: PMC10393058 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), represented by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), includes various immune cells involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are unique due to their regulatory effect on immunity. This makes them a promising therapeutic approach for patients with immune-mediated disorders such as CTD. The safety and clinical efficacy of MSC treatment in CTD have been tested in a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies. Administration of MSCs has consistently shown benefits with both symptomatic and histologic improvement in CTD animal models. MSC therapies in severe and drug-resistant CTD patients have shown promise in a number of the pilot studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials in SLE, RA, and SSc, but some problems still need to be resolved in the transition from the bench to the bedside. The relevant studies in pSS and IIM are still in their infancy, but have displayed encouraging outcomes. Considerable efficacy variations have been observed in terms of the route of delivery, time of MSC injection, origin of the MSCs and dosage. Furthermore, the optimization of conventional drugs combined with MSC therapies and the applications of novel cell engineering approaches requires additional research. In this review, we summarize the current evidence about the immunoregulatory mechanism of MSCs, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies of MSC-based therapy for the treatment of CTDs.
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Ho KKW, Lee WYW, Griffith JF, Ong MTY, Li G. Randomized control trial of mesenchymal stem cells versus hyaluronic acid in patients with knee osteoarthritis - A Hong Kong pilot study. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:69-77. [PMID: 36262962 PMCID: PMC9550852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus hyaluronic acid (HA) in surgically naïve patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Single-centre, single-blind randomized study of patients with knee OA. Twenty patients were randomized into groups of 10 each for intra-articular injection of cultured BM-MSCs (6 ml of BM-MSCs at 1 × 106 cells/mL) or HA (6 ml). Clinical assessments of pain, quality of life, radiographic imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compositional change were performed at baseline and 12 months follow-up. Results Compared with HA, BM-MSCs injection resulted in significant improvement in qualify of life and reduction in pain as reflected by visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) score collectively. T2-relaxation time tended to decrease more in the BM-MSCs group with a 38 ± 24.0% reduction in 6 out of 10 BM-MSC participants; while there was only a 12 ± 7.9% reduction in 4 out of 10 HA participants at the end of follow-up. The remaining participants showed either no response or had relaxation time increased on MRI assessment. Conclusions This pilot study found that autologous BM-MSCs significantly reduced pain, improved functional assessment score, and improved quality of life parameters comparing with HA at one year follow-up. Further clinical trial with larger sample size and longer follow up duration is warranted. The Translational Potential of this Article This pilot RCT demonstrated the feasibility and potential effectiveness of BM-MSCs advanced therapy for patients with knee OA compared to HA injection. Further multi-center clinical trial with a larger sample size and longer follow up duration in accordance with latest regulatory guidelines is warranted to ascertain the long term safety and effectiveness of MSCs therapy for cartilage regeneration in OA. Registration The study was registered in the Centre for Clinical Research Biostatistics - Clinical Trials Registry (CUHK_CCT00469).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ki-Wai Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - James F Griffith
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Tim-Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Xiang XN, Zhu SY, He HC, Yu X, Xu Y, He CQ. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35012666 PMCID: PMC8751117 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, as a degenerative disease, is a common problem and results in high socioeconomic costs and rates of disability. The most commonly affected joint is the knee and characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, loss of extracellular matrix, and progressive inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been explored as a new regenerative treatment for knee osteoarthritis in recent years. However, the detailed functions of MSC-based therapy and related mechanism, especially of cartilage regeneration, have not been explained. Hence, this review summarized how to choose, authenticate, and culture different origins of MSCs and derived exosomes. Moreover, clinical application and the latest mechanistical findings of MSC-based therapy in cartilage regeneration were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Rehabilitation Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Feng L, Huang J, Zhang X, Lin W, Wang B, Cui L, Lin S, Li G. Asiatic acid protects articular cartilage through promoting chondrogenesis and inhibiting inflammation and hypertrophy in osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174265. [PMID: 34174266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural small molecules have become attractive in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on OA development in vitro and in vivo. Chondrocytes were pretreated with AA at optimized concentrations and subsequently treated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) was measured by Griess method. The mRNA expression level of inflammatory markers nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2), as well as chondrogenic or hypertrophic markers including SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9), Aggrecan, Collagen 2a1 (Col II), and Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp13) were measured by using real-time PCR analysis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling activity was determined by dual luciferase assay and Western blot analysis. Surgery-induced OA animal model was constructed, and AA was administrated to study its effect on OA pathogenesis. AA induced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect up to -67.4% on NO production. AA could repress iNOS and Cox2 protein expression levels (-77.2% and -73.4%, respectively) in IL-1β induced chondrocytes. AA increased the formation of cartilage extracellular matrix components including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen type II. AA also mRNA expression of chondrogenesis marker including Aggrecan, Sox9, Col II and Fibronectin (402.87%, 151.04%, 314.15% and 187.76%, respectively) as well as hypertrophic marker Mmp13 (-67.8%). AA repressed the chondrocyte inflammation by directly inhibiting NF-κB signaling activity, which was revealed by the inhibition effect of AA on IκBα phosphorylation (-105.4%) and NF-κB/p65 translocation (-60.9%) induced by IL-1β. Furthermore, In vivo OA study indicated the protective effect of AA on OA progression by preventing articular cartilage from degeneration and destruction. AA treatment could significantly reduce OA score (16.125 vs 5.25) and repress mRNA expression level of Mmp13 and Col X (23.5, vs 2.375 and 18.125 vs 94.5). Taken together, our findings suggest that AA could effectively rescue IL-1β induced chondrocytes and protected cartilage in OA progression, which shed light on a potential novel therapeutic strategy of OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jianping Huang
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R & D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Liao Cui
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R & D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R & D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
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Pan Q, Li Y, Li Y, Wang H, Kong L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Bai S, Zong Z, Chen G, Lin S, Li G. Local administration of allogeneic or autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells enhances bone formation similarly in distraction osteogenesis. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:590-598. [PMID: 33546925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique to promote bone regeneration that requires a long time for bone healing. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been applied to accelerate bone formation in DO. Allogeneic MSCs are attractive, as they could be ready to use in clinics. Whether allogeneic MSCs would have an effect similar to autologous MSCs with regard to promoting bone formation in DO is still unknown. This study compares the effect of autologous MSCs versus allogeneic MSCs on bone formation in a rat DO model. METHODS Rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated, characterized and expanded in vitro. Adult rats were subjected to right tibia transverse osteotomy. On the third day of distraction, each rat received one injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), autologous MSCs or allogeneic MSCs at the distraction site. Tibiae were harvested after 28 days of consolidation for micro-computed tomography examination, mechanical test and histological analysis. RESULTS Results showed that treatment with both allogeneic and autologous MSCs promoted bone formation, with significantly higher bone mass, mechanical properties and mineral apposition rate as well as expression of angiogenic and bone formation markers at the regeneration sites compared with the PBS-treated group. No statistical difference in bone formation was found between the allogeneic and autologous MSC treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that allogeneic and autologous MSCs have a similar effect on promoting bone consolidation in DO. MSCs from an allogeneic source could be used off-the-shelf with DO to achieve early bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, China..
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6
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Zong Z, Zhang X, Yang Z, Yuan W, Huang J, Lin W, Chen T, Yu J, Chen J, Cui L, Li G, Wei B, Lin S. Rejuvenated ageing mesenchymal stem cells by stepwise preconditioning ameliorates surgery-induced osteoarthritis in rabbits. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:10-21. [PMID: 33382341 PMCID: PMC7845463 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.101.bjr-2020-0249.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Ageing-related incompetence becomes a major hurdle for the clinical translation of adult stem cells in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aims to investigate the effect of stepwise preconditioning on cellular behaviours in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from ageing patients, and to verify their therapeutic effect in an OA animal model. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from ageing patients and preconditioned with chondrogenic differentiation medium, followed by normal growth medium. Cellular assays including Bromodeoxyuridine / 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), β-Gal, Rosette forming, and histological staining were compared in the manipulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hM-MSCs) and their controls. The anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rabbit models were locally injected with two millions, four millions, or eight millions of hM-MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring was performed to measure the pathological changes in the affected joints after staining. Micro-CT analysis was conducted to determine the microstructural changes in subchondral bone. Results Stepwise preconditioning approach significantly enhanced the proliferation and chondrogenic potential of ageing hMSCs at early passage. Interestingly, remarkably lower immunogenicity and senescence was also found in hM-MSCs. Data from animal studies showed cartilage damage was retarded and subchondral bone remodelling was prevented by the treatment of preconditioned MSCs. The therapeutic effect depended on the number of cells applied to animals, with the best effect observed when treated with eight millions of hM-MSCs. Conclusion This study demonstrated a reliable and feasible stepwise preconditioning strategy to improve the safety and efficacy of ageing MSCs for the prevention of OA development. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1):10–21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zong
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Chen
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiming Chen
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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Yao Y, Wang C. Dedifferentiation: inspiration for devising engineering strategies for regenerative medicine. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:14. [PMID: 32821434 PMCID: PMC7395755 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell dedifferentiation is the process by which cells grow reversely from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage within their own lineage. This extraordinary phenomenon, observed in many physiological processes, inspires the possibility of developing new therapeutic approaches to regenerate damaged tissue and organs. Meanwhile, studies also indicate that dedifferentiation can cause pathological changes. In this review, we compile the literature describing recent advances in research on dedifferentiation, with an emphasis on tissue-specific findings, cellular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications from an engineering perspective. A critical understanding of such knowledge may provide fresh insights for designing new therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine based on the principle of cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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8
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Kisiday JD, Schwartz JA, Tangtrongsup S, Goodrich LR, Grande DA. Culture Conditions that Support Expansion and Chondrogenesis of Middle-Aged Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cartilage 2020; 11:364-373. [PMID: 30056741 PMCID: PMC7298599 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518790047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rats are an early preclinical model for cartilage tissue engineering, and a practical species for investigating the effects of aging. However, rats may be a poor aging model for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on laboratory reports of a severe decline in chondrogenesis beyond young adulthood. Such testing has not been conducted with MSCs seeded in a scaffold, which can improve the propensity of MSCs to undergo chondrogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate chondrogenesis of middle-aged rat MSCs encapsulated in agarose. DESIGN MSCs from 14- to 15-month-old rats were expanded, seeded into agarose, and cultured in chondrogenic medium with or without 5% serum for 15 days. Samples were evaluated for cell viability and cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Experiments were repeated using MSCs from 6-week-old rats. RESULTS During expansion, middle-aged rat MSCs demonstrated a diminishing proliferation rate that was improved ~2-fold in part by transient exposure to chondrogenic medium. In agarose culture in defined medium, middle-aged rat MSCs accumulated ECM to a much greater extent than negative controls. Serum supplementation improved cell survival ~2-fold, and increased ECM accumulation ~3-fold. Histological analysis indicated that defined medium supported chondrogenesis in a subset of cells, while serum-supplementation increased the frequency of chondrogenic cells. In contrast, young rat MSCs experienced robust chondrogenesis in defined medium that was not improved with serum-supplementation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a previously-unreported propensity of middle-aged rat MSCs to undergo chondrogenesis, and the potential of serum to enhance chondrogenesis of aging MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Kisiday
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA,John D. Kisiday, Orthopaedic Research
Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus
Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - John A. Schwartz
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Daniel A. Grande
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical
Research, North Shore–LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
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9
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Xin TY, Yu TT, Yang RL. DNA methylation and demethylation link the properties of mesenchymal stem cells: Regeneration and immunomodulation. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:351-358. [PMID: 32547683 PMCID: PMC7280864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i5.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population that can be isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and craniofacial tissue. MSCs have attracted increasingly more attention over the years due to their regenerative capacity and function in immunomodulation. The foundation of tissue regeneration is the potential of cells to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and give rise to multiple tissue types. In addition,the immunoregulatory function of MSCs has provided insights into therapeutic treatments for immune-mediated diseases. DNA methylation and demethylation are important epigenetic mechanisms that have been shown to modulate embryonic stem cell maintenance, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by activating or suppressing a number of genes. In most studies, DNA hypermethylation is associated with gene suppression, while hypomethylation or demethylation is associated with gene activation. The dynamic balance of DNA methylation and demethylation is required for normal mammalian development and inhibits the onset of abnormal phenotypes. However, the exact role of DNA methylation and demethylation in MSC-based tissue regeneration and immunomodulation requires further investigation. In this review, we discuss how DNA methylation and demethylation function in multi-lineage cell differentiation and immunomodulation of MSCs based on previously published work. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of the role of DNA methylation and demethylation in MSCs for the treatment of metabolic or immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Xin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui-Li Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Lin W, Xu L, Li G. Molecular Insights Into Lysyl Oxidases in Cartilage Regeneration and Rejuvenation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32426343 PMCID: PMC7204390 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage remains among the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its poor self-repair capacity. The lysyl oxidase family (LOX; also termed as protein-lysine 6-oxidase), mainly consists of lysyl oxidase (LO) and lysyl oxidase-like 1-4 (LOXL1-LOXL4), has been traditionally defined as cuproenzymes that are essential for stabilization of extracellular matrix, particularly cross-linking of collagen and elastin. LOX is essential in the musculoskeletal system, particularly cartilage. LOXs-mediated collagen cross-links are essential for the functional integrity of articular cartilage. Appropriate modulation of the expression or activity of certain LOX members selectively may become potential promising strategy for cartilage repair. In the current review, we summarized the advances of LOX in cartilage homeostasis and functioning, as well as copper-mediated activation of LOX through hypoxia-responsive signaling axis during recent decades. Also, the molecular signaling network governing LOX expression has been summarized, indicating that appropriate modulation of hypoxia-responsive-signaling-directed LOX expression through manipulation of bioavailability of copper and oxygen is promising for further clinical implications of cartilage regeneration, which has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for cartilage rejuvenation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Therefore, targeted regulation of copper-mediated hypoxia-responsive signalling axis for selective modulation of LOX expression may become potential effective therapeutics for enhanced cartilage regeneration and rejuvenation in future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Walsh SK, Schneider SE, Amundson LA, Neu CP, Henak CR. Maturity-dependent cartilage cell plasticity and sensitivity to external perturbation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 106:103732. [PMID: 32321631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Articular cartilage undergoes biological and morphological changes throughout maturation. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in the aged population suggests that maturation predisposes cartilage to degradation and/or impaired regeneration, but this process is not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cellular and genetic profile of cartilage, as well as biological plasticity in response to mechanical and culture time stimuli, as a function of animal maturity. METHODS/DESIGN Porcine articular cartilage explants were harvested from stifle joints of immature (2-4 weeks), adolescent (5-6 months), and mature (1-5 years) animals. Half of all samples were subjected to a single compressive mechanical load. Loaded samples were paired with unloaded controls for downstream analyses. Expression of cartilage progenitor cell markers CD105, CD44, and CD29 were determined via flow cytometry. Expression of matrix synthesis genes Col1, Col2, Col10, ACAN, and SOX9 were determined via qPCR. Tissue morphology and matrix content were examined histologically. Post-loading assays were performed immediately and following 7 days in culture. RESULTS CD105 and CD29 expression decreased with maturity, while CD44 expression was upregulated in cartilage from mature animals. Expression of matrix synthesis genes were generally upregulated in cartilage from mature animals, and adolescent animals showed the lowest expression of several matrix synthesizing genes. Culture time and mechanical loading analyses revealed greater plasticity to mechanical loading and culture time in cartilage from younger animals. Histology confirmed distinct structural and biochemical profiles across maturity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates differential, nonlinear expression of chondroprogenitor markers and matrix synthesis genes as a function of cartilage maturity, as well as loss of biological plasticity in aged tissue. These findings have likely implications for age-related loss of regeneration and osteoarthritis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Walsh
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Laura A Amundson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Corinne R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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12
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Yang Y, Pan Q, Zou K, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Lee WYW, Wei B, Gu W, Yang YP, Lin S, Li G. Administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in lengthening phase accelerates early bone consolidation in rat distraction osteogenesis model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:129. [PMID: 32197646 PMCID: PMC7083044 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique to promote bone regeneration which may require long duration for bone consolidation. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied to accelerate bone formation in DO. However, the optimal time point for cell therapy in DO remains unknown. This study sought to determine the optimal time point of cell administration to achieve early bone consolidation in DO. We hypothesized that the ratio of circulating MSCs to peripheral mononuclear cells and the level of cytokines in serum might be indicators for cell administration in DO. METHODS Unilateral tibial osteotomy with an external fixator was performed in adult Sprague Dawley rats. Three days after osteotomy, the tibia was lengthened at 0.5 mm/12 h for 5 days. At first, 5 rats were used to analyze the blood components at 6 different time points (3 days before lengthening, on the day lengthening began, or 3, 6, 10, or 14 days after lengthening began) by sorting circulating MSCs and measuring serum levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and interleukin 1β. Then, 40 rats were used for cell therapy study. A single dose of 5 × 105 allogeneic MSCs was locally injected at the lengthening site on day 3, 6, or 10 after lengthening began, or 3 doses of MSCs were injected at the three time points. Sequential X-ray radiographs were taken weekly. Endpoint examinations included micro-computed tomography analysis, mechanical testing, histomorphometry, and histology. RESULTS The number of circulating MSCs and serum level of SDF-1 were significantly increased during lengthening, and then decreased afterwards. Single injection of MSCs during lengthening phase (on day 3, but not day 6 or 10) significantly increased bone volume fraction, mechanical maximum loading, and bone mineralization of the regenerate. Triple injections of MSCs at three time points also significantly increased bone volume and maximum loading of the regenerates. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that bone consolidation could be accelerated by a single injection of MSCs during lengthening when the ratio of peripheral MSCs to mononuclear cells and the serum SDF-1 presented at peak levels concurrently, suggesting that day 3 after lengthening began may be the optimal time point for cell therapy to promote early bone consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaijie Zou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne Yuk Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. .,Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. .,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Farhang N, Silverman L, Bowles RD. Improving Cell Therapy Survival and Anabolism in Harsh Musculoskeletal Disease Environments. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:348-366. [PMID: 32070243 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies are an up and coming technology in orthopedic medicine that has the potential to provide regenerative treatments for musculoskeletal disease. Despite numerous cell therapies showing preclinical success for common musculoskeletal indications of disc degeneration and osteoarthritis, there have been mixed results when testing these therapies in humans during clinical trials. A theory behind the mixed success of these cell therapies is that the harsh microenvironments of the disc and knee they are entering inhibit their anabolism and survival. Therefore, there is much ongoing research looking into how to improve the survival and anabolism of cell therapies within these musculoskeletal disease environments. This includes research into improving cell function under specific microenvironmental conditions known to exist in the intervertebral disc (IVD) and knee environment such as hypoxia, low-nutrient conditions, hyperosmolarity, acidity, and inflammation. This research also includes improving differentiation of cells into desired native cell phenotypes to better enhance their survival and anabolism in the knee and IVD. This review highlights the effects of specific musculoskeletal microenvironmental challenges on cell therapies and what research is being done to overcome these challenges. Impact statement While there has been significant clinical interest in using cell therapies for musculoskeletal pathologies in the knee and intervertebral disc, cell therapy clinical trials have had mixed outcomes. The information presented in this review includes the environmental challenges (i.e., acidic pH, inflammation, hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and low nutrition) that cell therapies experience in these pathological musculoskeletal environments. This review summarizes studies that describe various approaches to improving the therapeutic capability of cell therapies in these harsh environments. The result is an overview of what approaches can be targeted and/or combined to develop a more consistent cell therapy for musculoskeletal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Farhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Robby D Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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14
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Wu T, Chen Y, Liu W, Tong KL, Suen CWW, Huang S, Hou H, She G, Zhang H, Zheng X, Li J, Zha Z. Ginsenoside Rb1/TGF-β1 loaded biodegradable silk fibroin-gelatin porous scaffolds for inflammation inhibition and cartilage regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110757. [PMID: 32279738 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Creating a microenvironment with low inflammation and favorable for the chondrogenic differentiation of endogenous stem cells plays an essential role in cartilage repairing. In the present study, we design a novel ginsenoside Rb1/TGF-β1 loaded silk fibroin-gelatin porous scaffold (GSTR) with the function of attenuating inflammation and promoting chondrogenesis. The scaffold has porous microstructure, proper mechanical strength, degradation rate and sustained release of Rb1 and TGF-β1. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) seeded into GSTR scaffolds are homogeneously distributed and display a higher proliferation rate than non-loaded scaffolds (GS). GSTR scaffolds promote the chondrogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and suppress the expression of inflammation genes. Under the stimulation of IL-1β, the inflammation level of the chondrocytes seeded in GSTR scaffolds is also significantly down-regulated. Moreover, GSTR scaffolds implanted into the osteochondral defects in rats effectively promote the regeneration of hyaline cartilage 12 weeks after surgery when compared with other groups. It is demonstrated that this scaffold loaded with Rb1 and TGF-β1 can synergistically create a microenvironment favorable for cartilage regeneration by promoting the chondrogenesis and suppressing the inflammation levels in vivo. These results prove it has a great potential to develop this Rb1/TGF-β1 releasing scaffold into a novel and promising therapeutic for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Wenping Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kui Leung Tong
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chun-Wai Wade Suen
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Shusen Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huige Hou
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guorong She
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huantian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jieruo Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhengang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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15
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Qiao Z, Xin M, Wang L, Li H, Wang C, Wang L, Tang T, Zhu B, Huang G, Wang Y, Zheng M, Dai K. Proteoglycan 4 predicts tribological properties of repaired cartilage tissue. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2538-2552. [PMID: 32194818 PMCID: PMC7052906 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: One of the essential requirements in maintaining the normal joint motor function is the perfect tribological property of the articular cartilage. Many cartilage regeneration strategies have been developed for treatment in early stages of osteoarthritis, but there is little information on how repaired articular cartilage regains durability. The identification of biomarkers that can predict wear resistant property is critical to advancing the success of cartilage regeneration therapies. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a macromolecule distributing on the chondrocyte surface that contributes to lubrication. In this study, we investigate if PRG4 expression is associated with tribological properties of regenerated cartilage, and is able to predict its wear resistant status. Methods: Two different strategies including bone marrow enrichment plus microfracture (B/BME-MFX) and microfracture alone (B-MFX) of cartilage repair in sheep were used. PRG4 expression and a series of tribological parameters on regenerated cartilage were rigorously examined and compared. Results: Highly and continuously expression of PRG4 in regenerated cartilage surface was negatively correlated with each tribological parameter (P<0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that PRG4 expression was the key predictor that contributed to the promotion of cartilage wear resistance. Conclusion: Higher PRG4 expression in regenerated cartilage is significantly associated with wear resistance improvement. PRG4 may be useful for predicting the wear resistant status of regenerated cartilage and determining the optimal cartilage repair strategy.
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16
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Glycosaminoglycan and Proteoglycan Biotherapeutics in Articular Cartilage Protection and Repair Strategies: Novel Approaches to Visco‐supplementation in Orthobiologics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research HubCardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research LaboratoriesKolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolNorthernRoyal North Shore HospitalSydney University St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
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17
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Chen Y, Wu T, Huang S, Suen CWW, Cheng X, Li J, Hou H, She G, Zhang H, Wang H, Zheng X, Zha Z. Sustained Release SDF-1α/TGF-β1-Loaded Silk Fibroin-Porous Gelatin Scaffold Promotes Cartilage Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14608-14618. [PMID: 30938503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuous delivery of growth factors to the injury site is crucial to creating a favorable microenvironment for cartilage injury repair. In the present study, we fabricated a novel sustained-release scaffold, stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-loaded silk fibroin-porous gelatin scaffold (GSTS). GSTS persistently releases SDF-1α and TGF-β1, which enhance cartilage repair by facilitating cell homing and chondrogenic differentiation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that GSTS is a porous microstructure and the protein release assay demonstrated the sustainable release of SDF-1α and TGF-β1 from GSTS. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain high in vitro cell activity and excellent cell distribution and phenotype after seeding into GSTS. Furthermore, MSCs acquired enhanced chondrogenic differentiation capability in the TGF-β1-loaded scaffolds (GSTS or GST: loading TGF-β1 only) and the conditioned medium from SDF-1α-loaded scaffolds (GSTS or GSS: loading SDF-1α only) effectively promoted MSCs migration. GSTS was transplanted into the osteochondral defects in the knee joint of rats, and it could promote cartilage regeneration and repair the cartilage defects at 12 weeks after transplantation. Our study shows that GSTS can facilitate in vitro MSCs homing, migration, chondrogenic differentiation and SDF-1α and TGF-β1 have a synergistic effect on the promotion of in vivo cartilage forming. This SDF-1α and TGF-β1 releasing GSTS have promising therapeutic potential in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Shusen Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Chun-Wai Wade Suen
- Department of Genetics , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EH , United Kingdom
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Jieruo Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Huige Hou
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Guorong She
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Huantian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
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18
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Lin S, Lee WYW, Feng Q, Xu L, Wang B, Man GCW, Chen Y, Jiang X, Bian L, Cui L, Wei B, Li G. Synergistic effects on mesenchymal stem cell-based cartilage regeneration by chondrogenic preconditioning and mechanical stimulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:221. [PMID: 28974254 PMCID: PMC5627486 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promising translational potential in cartilage regeneration. However, the efficacy of MSC-based tissue engineering is not satisfactory in the treatment of cartilage defect because of the inevitable cellular functional changes during ex vivo cell expansion. How to maintain the chondrogenic capacity of MSCs to improve their therapeutic outcomes remains an outstanding question. Methods Bone marrow-derived MSCs were firstly primed in chondrogenic induction medium which was then replaced with normal growth medium to attain the manipulated cells (M-MSCs). Methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) was synthesized as a scaffold to encapsulate the cells. The MSC- or M-MSC-laden constructs were treated with dynamic compressive loading (DL) in a bioreactor or with free loading (FL) for 14 days. Afterwards, the constructs were implanted in nude mice or rat models of osteochondral defects to test their efficiency in cartilage regeneration or repair. Results Data showed that the resulting M-MSCs exhibited superior chondrogenic differentiation potential and survivability compared with untreated MSCs. More importantly, we found that DL significantly promoted neocartilage formation in the MeHA hydrogel encapsulated with M-MSCs after 30 days of implantation in nude mice. Furthermore, the constructs laden with M-MSCs after DL for 14 days significantly enhanced cartilage healing in a rat model of osteochondral defect. Conclusions Findings from this study highlight the importance of maintaining chondrogenic potential of MSCs by in-vitro chondrogenic preconditioning and a synergistic effect of mechanical stimulation in cartilage engineering, which may shed light on the stem cell-based tissue engineering for cartilage repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0672-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne Yuk Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gene Chi Wai Man
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. .,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China. .,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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