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Gaddala P, Choudhary S, Sethi S, Sainaga Jyothi VG, Katta C, Bahuguna D, Singh PK, Pandey M, Madan J. Etodolac utility in osteoarthritis: drug delivery challenges, topical nanotherapeutic strategies and potential synergies. Ther Deliv 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39345034 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2405456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OSA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by losing articular cartilage, primarily affecting the hip, knee and spine joints. The impact of OSA offers a major challenge to health systems globally. Therapeutic approaches encompass surgical interventions, non-pharmacological therapies (exercise, rehabilitation, behavioral interventions) and pharmacological treatments. Inflammatory processes within OSA joints are regulated by pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Etodolac, a COX-2-selective inhibitor, is the gold standard for OSA management and uniquely does not inhibit gastric prostaglandins. This comprehensive review offers insights into OSA's pathophysiology, genetic factors and biological determinants influencing disease progression. Emphasis is placed on the pivotal role of etodolac in OSA management, supported by both preclinical and clinical evidences in topical drug delivery. Notably, in-silico docking studies suggested potential synergies between etodolac and baicalein, considering ADAMTS-4, COX-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13 as essential therapeutic targets. Integration of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with nanotechnology approaches emerges as a promising strategy for optimizing and personalizing topical etodolac delivery. Furthermore, the synergistic potential of etodolac and baicalein warrants in-depth exploration. Hence, by embracing cutting-edge technologies like ANN and nanomedicine, the optimization of topical etodolac delivery could guide a new era of OSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Gaddala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shalki Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sheshank Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Vaskuri Gs Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chantibabu Katta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepankar Bahuguna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, SSH 17, Jant, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Collins JA, Kim CJ, Coleman A, Little A, Perez MM, Clarke EJ, Diekman B, Peffers MJ, Chubinskaya S, Tomlinson RE, Freeman TA, Loeser RF. Cartilage-specific Sirt6 deficiency represses IGF-1 and enhances osteoarthritis severity in mice. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1464-1473. [PMID: 37550003 PMCID: PMC10579179 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior studies noted that chondrocyte SIRT6 activity is repressed in older chondrocytes rendering cells susceptible to catabolic signalling events implicated in osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to define the effect of Sirt6 deficiency on the development of post-traumatic and age-associated OA in mice. METHODS Male cartilage-specific Sirt6-deficient mice and Sirt6 intact controls underwent destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgery at 16 weeks of age and OA severity was analysed at 6 and 10 weeks postsurgery. Age-associated OA was assessed in mice aged 12 and 18 months of age. OA severity was analysed by micro-CT, histomorphometry and scoring of articular cartilage structure, toluidine blue staining and osteophyte formation. SIRT6-regulated pathways were analysed in human chondrocytes by RNA-sequencing, qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Sirt6-deficient mice displayed enhanced DMM-induced OA severity and accelerated age-associated OA when compared with controls, characterised by increased cartilage damage, osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis. In chondrocytes, RNA-sequencing revealed that SIRT6 depletion significantly repressed cartilage extracellular matrix (eg, COL2A1) and anabolic growth factor (eg, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)) gene expression. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in chondrocytes demonstrated that SIRT6 depletion attenuated, whereas adenoviral overexpression or MDL-800-induced SIRT6 activation promoted IGF-1 signalling by increasing Aktser473 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS SIRT6 deficiency increases post-traumatic and age-associated OA severity in vivo. SIRT6 profoundly regulated the pro-anabolic and pro-survival IGF-1/Akt signalling pathway and suggests that preserving the SIRT6/IGF-1/Akt axis may be necessary to protect cartilage from injury-associated or age-associated OA. Targeted therapies aimed at increasing SIRT6 function could represent a novel strategy to slow or stop OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C James Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley Coleman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abreah Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matheus M Perez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily J Clarke
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian Diekman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susanna Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theresa A Freeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Taylor EL, Collins JA, Gopalakrishnan P, Chubinskaya S, Loeser RF. Age and oxidative stress regulate Nrf2 homeostasis in human articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1214-1223. [PMID: 37160250 PMCID: PMC10524306 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age and oxidative stress on regulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in young, old, and osteoarthritic (OA) human articular chondrocytes. DESIGN Levels of Nrf2 in primary human chondrocytes isolated from young, old, and OA donors were measured by immunoblotting, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Effects on levels of Nrf2, antioxidant proteins regulated by Nrf2, as well as p65, and the anabolic response to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were evaluated after induction of oxidative stress with menadione, Nrf2 knockdown with siRNA, and/or Nrf2 activation with RTA-408. RESULTS Nrf2 protein levels were significantly lower in older adult chondrocytes (∼0.59 fold; p = 0.034) and OA chondrocytes (∼0.50 fold; p = 0.016) compared to younger cells. Menadione significantly increased Nrf2 protein levels in young chondrocytes by just under four-fold without changes in old chondrocytes. Nrf2 knockdown and activation differentially regulated levels of anti-oxidant proteins including sulfiredoxin and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1. Nrf2 activation with RTA-408 also decreased basal p65 phosphorylation, increased aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression, and increased production of proteoglycans in OA chondrocytes treated with IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS Targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at maintaining Nrf2 activity could be useful in maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis through maintenance of intracellular antioxidant function and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earnest L Taylor
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A Collins
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pryia Gopalakrishnan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Richard F Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Zhao C, Sun G, Li Y, Kong K, Li X, Kan T, Yang F, Wang L, Wang X. Forkhead box O3 attenuates osteoarthritis by suppressing ferroptosis through inactivation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling. J Orthop Translat 2023; 39:147-162. [PMID: 37188001 PMCID: PMC10175709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death process that is characterized by lipid peroxidation and intracellular iron accumulation. As osteoarthritis (OA) progresses, inflammation or iron overload induces ferroptosis of chondrocytes. However, the genes that play a vital role in this process are still poorly studied. Methods Ferroptosis was elicited in the ATDC5 chondrocyte cell line and primary chondrocytes by administration of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which play key roles in OA. The effect of FOXO3 expression on apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and ferroptosis in ATDC5 cells and primary chondrocytes was verified by western blot, Immunohistochemistry (IMHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH) levels. The signal cascades that modulated FOXO3-mediated ferroptosis were identified by using chemical agonists/antagonists and lentivirus. In vivo experiments were performed following destabilization of medial meniscus surgery on 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice and included micro-computed tomography measurements. Results In vitro administration of IL-1β and TNF-α, to ATDC5 cells or primary chondrocytes induced ferroptosis. In addition, the ferroptosis agonist, erastin, and the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1, downregulated or upregulated the protein expression of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), respectively. This, suggested, for the first time, that FOXO3 may regulate ferroptosis in articular cartilage. Our results further suggested that FOXO3 regulated ECM metabolism via the ferroptosis mechanism in ATDC5 cells and primary chondrocytes. Moreover, a role for the NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in regulating FOXO3 and ferroptosis was demonstrated. In vivo experiments confirmed the rescue effect of intra-articular injection of a FOXO3-overexpressing lentivirus against erastin-aggravated OA. Conclusions The results of our study show that the activation of ferroptosis promotes chondrocyte death and disrupts the ECM both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, FOXO3 can reduce OA progression by inhibiting ferroptosis through the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. The Translational potential of this article This study highlights the important role of chondrocyte ferroptosis regulated by FOXO3 through the NF-κB/MAPK signaling in the progression of OA. The inhibition of chondrocyte ferroptosis by activating FOXO3 is expected to be a new target for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guantong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Keyu Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tianyou Kan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
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A novel placental tissue biologic, PTP-001, inhibits inflammatory and catabolic responses in vitro and prevents pain and cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1203-1212. [PMID: 34023528 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterization of a novel human placental tissue-derived biologic, PTP-001, which is in development as a candidate therapeutic for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms and pathophysiology. METHODS Human placental tissues from healthy donors were prepared as a particulate formulation, PTP-001. PTP-001 extracts were assayed for the presence of disease-relevant biofactors which could have beneficial effects in treating osteoarthritis. PTP-001 eluates were tested in human chondrocyte cultures to determine effects on the production of a key collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-13. PTP-001 eluates were also assessed for anti-inflammatory potential in human monocyte/macrophage cultures, as well as for growth-stimulating anabolic effects in human synoviocytes. The in vivo effects of PTP-001 on joint pain and histopathology were evaluated in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced surgically by destabilization of the medial meniscus. RESULTS PTP-001 was found to contain an array of beneficial growth factors, cytokines and anti-inflammatory molecules. PTP-001 eluates dose-dependently inhibited the production of chondrocyte MMP-13, and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from monocyte/macrophage cultures. PTP-001 eluates also promoted proliferation of cultured synovial cells. In a rat osteoarthritis model, PTP-001 significantly reduced pain responses throughout 6 weeks post-dosing. The magnitude and duration of pain reduction following a single intraarticular treatment with PTP-001 was comparable to that observed for animals treated with a corticosteroid (active control). For rats dosed twice with PTP-001, significant reductions in cartilage histopathology scores were observed. CONCLUSIONS PTP-001 represents a promising biologic treatment for osteoarthritis, with a multi-modal mechanism of action that may contribute to symptom management and disease modification.
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Collins JA, Kapustina M, Bolduc JA, Pike JFW, Diekman BO, Mix K, Chubinskaya S, Eroglu E, Michel T, Poole LB, Furdui CM, Loeser RF. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) regulates redox homeostasis and signaling events in human articular chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:90-103. [PMID: 33600943 PMCID: PMC8009856 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear localized protein deacetylase, SIRT6, has been identified as a crucial regulator of biological processes that drive aging. Among these processes, SIRT6 can promote resistance to oxidative stress conditions, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine the regulation of SIRT6 activity by age and oxidative stress and define the role of SIRT6 in maintaining redox homeostasis in articular chondrocytes. Although SIRT6 levels did not change with age, SIRT6 activity was significantly reduced in chondrocytes isolated from older adults. Using dimedone-based chemical probes that detect oxidized cysteines, we identified that SIRT6 is oxidized in response to oxidative stress conditions, an effect that was associated with reduced SIRT6 activity. Enhancement of SIRT6 activity through adenoviral SIRT6 overexpression specifically increased the basal levels of two antioxidant proteins, peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) and sulfiredoxin (Srx) and decreased the levels of an inhibitor of antioxidant activity, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). Conversely, in chondrocytes derived from mice with cartilage specific Sirt6 knockout, Sirt6 loss decreased Prx1 levels and increased TXNIP levels. SIRT6 overexpression decreased nuclear-generated H2O2 levels and oxidative stress-induced accumulation of nuclear phosphorylated p65. Our data demonstrate that SIRT6 activity is altered with age and oxidative stress conditions associated with aging. SIRT6 contributes to chondrocyte redox homeostasis by regulating specific members of the Prx catalytic cycle. Targeted therapies aimed at preventing the age-related decline in SIRT6 activity may represent a novel strategy to maintain redox balance in joint tissues and decrease catabolic signaling events implicated in osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Collins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Maryna Kapustina
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jesalyn A Bolduc
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium
| | - James F W Pike
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kimberlee Mix
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thomas Michel
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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The combination of mitogenic stimulation and DNA damage induces chondrocyte senescence. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:402-412. [PMID: 33227437 PMCID: PMC7925350 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular senescence is a phenotypic state characterized by stable cell-cycle arrest, enhanced lysosomal activity, and the secretion of inflammatory molecules and matrix degrading enzymes. Senescence has been implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology; however, the mechanisms that drive senescence induction in cartilage and other joint tissues are unknown. While numerous physiological signals are capable of initiating senescence, one emerging theme is that damaged cells convert to senescence in response to sustained mitogenic stimulation. The goal of this study was to develop an in vitro articular cartilage explant model to investigate the mechanisms of senescence induction. DESIGN This study utilized healthy cartilage derived from cadaveric equine stifles and human ankles. Explants were irradiated to initiate DNA damage, and mitogenic stimulation was provided through serum-containing medium and treatment with transforming growth factor β1 and basic fibroblastic growth factor. Readouts of senescence were a quantitative flow cytometry assay to detect senescence-associated β galactosidase activity (SA-β-gal), immunofluorescence for p16 and γH2AX, and qPCR for the expression of inflammatory genes. RESULTS Human cartilage explants required both irradiation and mitogenic stimulation to induce senescence as compared to baseline control conditions (7.16% vs 2.34% SA-β-gal high, p = 0.0007). These conditions also resulted in chondrocyte clusters within explants, a persistent DNA damage response, increased p16, and gene expression changes. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of cartilage explants with mitogenic stimuli in the context of cellular damage reliably induces high levels of SA-β-gal activity and other senescence markers, which provides a physiologically relevant model system to investigate the mechanisms of senescence induction.
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Willcockson H, Ozkan H, Chubinskaya S, Loeser RF, Longobardi L. CCL2 induces articular chondrocyte MMP expression through ERK and p38 signaling pathways. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2021; 3:100136. [PMID: 36475068 PMCID: PMC9718225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In previous studies, we determined an association between increased serum and articular cartilage levels of CCL2 with osteoarthritis (OA) progression, cartilage damage and increased MMP13 in cartilage. Here we analyzed CCL2 downstream signaling mediators that lead to gene expression of cartilage catabolic markers, in healthy and OA human articular chondrocytes. Design Human articular chondrocytes obtained from healthy or OA subjects were treated with or without recombinant human CCL2; cell lysates or mRNA were collected for immunoblotting or qRT-PCR. For pathway analysis, chondrocytes were pre-incubated with an inhibitor of CCR2 (the unique CCL2 receptor), ERK inhibitor or p38 inhibitor prior to CCL2 treatment. Results CCL2 treatment of both healthy and OA chondrocytes activated ERK and p38 via CCR2. In healthy chondrocytes, short (6h) and prolonged (24-72h) CCL2 treatments led to Ccr2, Mmp-1, Mmp-3, Mmp-13 and Timp1 upregulation. In OA chondrocytes, CCL2 induced expression of Ccr2, Mmp-1 and Mmp-3, but not Mmp1 and Timp1, and only following longer treatments (72h). In both healthy and OA chondrocytes, the CCL2-mediated upregulation of Ccr2 and cartilage catabolic markers was mediated by ERK and p38 signaling. Conclusions The triggering of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in articular chondrocytes activates specific MAPK pathways leading to gene expression of cartilage degrading enzymes. However, some differences in the response to CCL2 stimulation are detected in healthy vs OA chondrocytes with respect to the number of activated genes and to the time of exposure to CCL2, suggesting that CCL2 action in articular cartilage may be dependent on OA stage and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Willcockson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Huseyin Ozkan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lara Longobardi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Liu Y, Jing J, Yu H, Zhang J, Cao Q, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang S, Cheng W. Expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs in the cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal individuals. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:365. [PMID: 33732338 PMCID: PMC7903471 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is caused by a multifactorial imbalance in the synthesis and degradation of knee chondrocytes, subchondral bone and extracellular matrix. Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affects the metabolism, synovitis, autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes, as well as the production of cartilage matrix. The aim of the present study was to identify novel targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis and to examine the pathogenesis of the disease. The lncRNA expression profiles of seven patients with knee osteoarthritis and six healthy controls were examined by RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected for bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to further investigate the differential expression of the lncRNAs. A total of 23,583 lncRNAs were identified in osteoarthritis cartilage, including 5,255 upregulated and 5,690 downregulated lncRNAs, compared with normal cartilage. Although there were more downregulated lncRNAs compared with upregulated lncRNAs, among the changed lncRNAs (fold-change >6), there were more upregulated lncRNAs compared with downregulated lncRNAs. Several lncRNAs exhibiting differences were identified as potential therapeutic targets in knee osteoarthritis. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed for the target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. RT-qPCR validation was performed on three randomly selected upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the findings obtained by RNA-sequencing analysis. The findings from the present study may contribute to the diagnosis of osteoarthritis and may predict the development of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the differentially expressed lncRNAs may aid in the identification of novel candidate targets for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wendan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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Reed KSM, Ulici V, Kim C, Chubinskaya S, Loeser RF, Phanstiel DH. Transcriptional response of human articular chondrocytes treated with fibronectin fragments: an in vitro model of the osteoarthritis phenotype. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:235-247. [PMID: 33248223 PMCID: PMC7870543 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibronectin is a matrix protein that is fragmented during cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis (OA). Treatment of chondrocytes with fibronectin fragments (FN-f) has been used to model OA in vitro, but the system has not been fully characterized. This study sought to define the transcriptional response of chondrocytes to FN-f, and directly compare it to responses traditionally observed in OA. DESIGN Normal human femoral chondrocytes isolated from tissue donors were treated with either FN-f or PBS (control) for 3, 6, or 18 h. RNA-seq libraries were compared between time-matched FN-f and control samples in order to identify changes in gene expression over time. Differentially expressed genes were compared to a published OA gene set and used for pathway, transcription factor motif, and kinome analysis. RESULTS FN-f treatment resulted in 3,914 differentially expressed genes over the time course. Genes that are up- or downregulated in OA were significantly up- (P < 0.00001) or downregulated (P < 0.0004) in response to FN-f. Early response genes were involved in proinflammatory pathways, whereas many late response genes were involved in ferroptosis. The promoters of upregulated genes were enriched for NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF motifs. Highly upregulated kinases included CAMK1G, IRAK2, and the uncharacterized kinase DYRK3, while growth factor receptors TGFBR2 and FGFR2 were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS FN-f treatment of normal human articular chondrocytes recapitulated many key aspects of the OA chondrocyte phenotype. This in vitro model is promising for future OA studies, especially considering its compatibility with genomics and genome-editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S M Reed
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - V Ulici
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - C Kim
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - S Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - R F Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - D H Phanstiel
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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YAO W, DAI H, GUI J. [Mechanical stress promotes cartilage repair in inflammatory environment]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:517-525. [PMID: 31901026 PMCID: PMC8800764 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.10.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of mechanical stress on cartilage repair in inflammatory environment. METHODS The chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) were isolated from the knee joint cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The CPCs were cultured and expanded in a 3-D scaffold constructed with alginate. Intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) was applied in a inflammatory environment induced by IL-1β, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of MAPK signaling pathway proteins. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method, and the expression of related genes like matrix metallo-proteinases 13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrins and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 5 (ADAMTS-5) was detected by real-time RT-PCR. The anterior cruciate ligament of the rats was cut to construct the knee joint OA model, and the appropriate mechanical stress was constructed with external fixation to distract the knee joint in order to observe the repair of the cartilage and to explore its mechanism. RESULTS Adding 0.01 ng/ml IL-1β in cell culture inhibited the proliferation of CPCs. After IHP application, the expression of MAPK pathway protein was decreased, the mRNA expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 was reduced. The inhibition of IL-1β on CPCs was counteracted by IHP. Four weeks after the anterior cruciate ligament resected, the articular cartilage degeneration was observed in rats. The Mankin score in the OA treatment (joint distraction) group was lower, and the cartilage repair was better than that of the control group (P<0.01). Animal experiments found that the suitable mechanical stress reduced the expression of P-p38, MMP-13 and COLL-X, inhibited cartilage cells apoptosis and promoted the repair of OA cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical stress can promote the proliferation of CPCs, reduce the expression of matrix degrading enzymes, and promote the repair of OA cartilage by inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianchao GUI
- 桂鉴超(1972—), 男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事骨关节炎及软骨修复的机制研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-5265
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