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Ramessur V, Hunma S, Joonas N, Ramessur BN, Schutz Y, Montani JP, Dulloo AG. Visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio: a critical determinant of sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks among Asian Indians and African Creoles in Mauritius. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01517-3. [PMID: 38615158 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality are higher in people of South Asian origin than in those of African origin. We investigated whether as young adults without diabetes, people in Mauritius of South Asian descent (Indians) would show a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile that those of predominantly African descent (Creoles), and whether this could be explained by ethnic differences in visceral adiposity or other fat distribution patterns. METHODS The study was conducted in 189 young non-physically active adults, with the following measurements conducted after an overnight fast: anthropometry (weight, height, waist circumference), whole-body and regional body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood assays for glycemic (glucose and HbA1c) and lipid profile (triglycerides and cholesterols). RESULTS The results indicate higher serum triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol in men than in women, and in Indians than in Creoles (p < 0.001). No significant differences due to sex or ethnicity are observed in body mass index and waist circumference, but indices of visceral adiposity (visceral/android, visceral/subcutaneous) and visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio (visceral/gynoid, visceral/limb) were significantly higher in men than in women, and in Indians than in Creoles. The significant effects of sex and ethnicity on blood lipid profile were either completely abolished or reduced to a greater extent after adjusting for the ratio of visceral-to-peripheral adiposity than for visceral adiposity per se. CONCLUSIONS In young adults in Mauritius, Indians show a more adverse pattern of body fat distribution and blood lipid risk profile than Creoles. Differences in their fat distribution patterns, however, only partially explain their differential atherogenic lipid risk profile, amid a greater impact of visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio than that of visceral adiposity per se on sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks; the former possibly reflecting the ratio of hazardous (visceral) adiposity and protective (peripheral) superficial subcutaneous adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaysing Ramessur
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sadhna Hunma
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Bibi Nasreen Ramessur
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Yves Schutz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Bennett JP, Fan B, Liu E, Kazemi L, Wu XP, Zhou HD, Lu Y, Shepherd JA. Standardization of dual-energy x-ray visceral adipose tissue measures for comparison across clinical imaging systems. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2936-2946. [PMID: 37789584 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clinical guidelines have been proposed to define VAT levels associated with increased risk. The aim was to standardize VAT measures between two dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) manufacturers who provide different VAT estimates to support standardization of measures across imaging modalities. METHODS Scans from 114 individuals (ages 18-81 years) on GE HealthCare (GEHC) and Hologic DXA systems were compared via Deming regression to standardize VAT between the two systems, validated in a separate sample (n = 15), with κ statistics to assess agreement of VAT measurements for classifying patients into risk categories. RESULTS The GEHC and Hologic VAT measures were highly correlated and validated in the separate data set (r2 = 0.97). VAT area measures substantially agreed for metabolic risk classification (weighted κ = 0.76) with no significant differences in the population mean values. CONCLUSIONS VAT measures can be estimated from GEHC and Hologic scans that classify individuals in a substantially similar way into metabolic risk categories, and systematic bias between the measures can be removed using simple regression equations. These findings allow for DXA VAT measures to be used in complement to other imaging modalities, regardless of whether scans used GEHC or Hologic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Radiology and Bioimaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - En Liu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Leila Kazemi
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Xian-Ping Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chansha, Hunan, China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chansha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Cano-García L, Manrique-Arija S, Domínguez-Quesada C, Vacas-Pérez JC, Armenteros-Ortiz PJ, Ruiz-Vilchez D, Martín-Martín JM, Redondo-Rodríguez R, García-Studer A, Ortiz-Márquez F, Mena-Vázquez N, Fernández-Nebro A. Sarcopenia and Nutrition in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study to Determine Prevalence and Risk Factors. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112440. [PMID: 37299407 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients aged ≥65 years and identify the risk factors associated with sarcopenia. METHODS This is a multicenter, controlled, cross-sectional study of 76 RA patients and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. Binary regression was used to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and sex, age, duration of RA, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score in patients with RA. RESULTS Nearly 80% of participants were female, and the average age was >70 years. Patients with RA had lower muscle mass and greater adiposity (fat-to-muscle ratio mean [SD] 0.9 [0.2] vs. 0.8 [0.2]; p = 0.017) than controls, mainly in the central area (android/gynoid ratio, median [p25-p75]: 1.0 [0.9-1.2] vs. 0.9 [0.8-1.1]; p < 0.001). Twelve patients (15.8%) and three controls (3.9%) had confirmed sarcopenia (p = 0.014). Sarcopenic obesity was observed in 8/76 patients with RA (10.5%) and in 1/76 controls (1.3%) (p = 0.016). The factors associated with sarcopenia were male sex (OR [95% CI]: 9.3 [1.1-80.4]; p = 0.042), disease duration (OR [95% CI]: 1.1 [1.0-1.2]; p = 0.012), and nutritional status according to the MNA (OR [95% CI]: 0.7 [0.5-0.9]; p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with RA aged ≥65 years may be at increased risk for sarcopenia, adiposity, and malnutrition (especially male patients with long-standing disease) and have poor nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cano-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Manrique-Arija
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro J Armenteros-Ortiz
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Desiré Ruiz-Vilchez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Martín-Martín
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Aimara García-Studer
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Ortiz-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Mena-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Nebro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Leanza G, Conte C, Cannata F, Isgrò C, Piccoli A, Strollo R, Quattrocchi CC, Papalia R, Denaro V, Maccarrone M, Napoli N, Sardanelli AM. Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women with or without Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081137. [PMID: 37190046 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a key mediator of cardiovascular disease, metabolic alterations, and cancer, is independently associated with menopause and obesity. Yet, among postmenopausal women, the correlation between obesity and oxidative stress is poorly examined. Thus, in this study, we compared oxidative stress states in postmenopausal women with or without obesity. Body composition was assessed via DXA, while lipid peroxidation and total hydroperoxides were measured in patient's serum samples via thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and derivate-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) assays, respectively. Accordingly, 31 postmenopausal women were enrolled: 12 with obesity and 19 of normal weight (mean (SD) age 71.0 (5.7) years). Doubled levels of serum markers of oxidative stress were observed in women with obesity in women with obesity compared to those of normal weight (H2O2: 32.35 (7.3) vs. 18.80 (3.4) mg H2O2/dL; malondialdehyde (MDA): 429.6 (138.1) vs. 155.9 (82.4) mM in women with or without obesity, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both). Correlation analysis showed that both markers of oxidative stress increased with an increasing body mass index (BMI), visceral fat mass, and trunk fat percentage, but not with fasting glucose levels. In conclusion, obesity and visceral fat are associated with a greater increase in oxidative stress in postmenopausal women, possibly increasing cardiometabolic and cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Leanza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20900 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cannata
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Isgrò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience 'DiBraiN', University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pi-azza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocky Strollo
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment and One Health, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00164 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sardanelli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience 'DiBraiN', University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pi-azza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Vieyra G, Hankinson SE, Oulhote Y, Vandenberg LN, Tinker L, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Thomson CA, Bao W, Allison M, Odegaard AO, Reeves KW. Association between urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations and adiposity among postmenopausal women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115356. [PMID: 36706896 PMCID: PMC9974871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a leading risk factor for chronic diseases, potentially related to excess abdominal adiposity. Phthalates are environmental chemicals that have been suggested to act as obesogens, driving obesity risk. For the associations between phthalates and adiposity, prior studies have focused primarily on body mass index. We hypothesize that more refined measures of adiposity and fat distribution may provide greater insights into these associations given the role of central adiposity in chronic disease risk. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between urinary phthalate biomarkers and both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) among postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). METHODS We included 1125 WHI participants with available, coincident measurements of urinary phthalate biomarkers (baseline, year 3) and VAT and SAT (baseline, year 3, year 6). VAT and SAT measurements were estimated from DXA scans. Multilevel mixed-effects models estimated the prospective associations between urinary phthalate biomarkers at baseline and VAT and SAT three years later. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, we observed positive associations between some phthalate biomarkers, including the sum of di-isobutyl phthalate (ΣDiBP) biomarkers, MCNP, and ΣDEHP, with VAT three years later. For example, we observed positive associations between concentrations of ΣDiBP and VAT (Q4 vs Q1 β = 7.15, 95% CI -1.76-16.06; Q3 vs Q1 β = 10.94, 95% CI 3.55-18.33). Associations were generally attenuated but remained significant after additional adjustment for SAT. MBzP was positively associated with SAT. Other phthalate biomarkers investigated (MEP, MCOP, MCPP, ΣDBP) were not significantly associated with VAT or SAT. DISCUSSION Based on robust measures of adiposity, this study provides supportive evidence that higher urinary concentrations of select phthalate compounds were associated with higher VAT levels over time in postmenopausal women. Efforts to replicate these findings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vieyra
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Institute of Public Health, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Reeves
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Banack HR, Bea JW, Chen Z, Blew RM, Nicholas S, Stefanick M, Wild RA, Manson JE, Odegaard AO. Longitudinal patterns of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, total body composition, and anthropometric measures in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:288-296. [PMID: 36739471 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal adiposity, including visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (VAT and SAT), is recognized as a strong risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, cancer, and mortality. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this analysis is to describe longitudinal patterns of change in abdominal adipose tissue in postmenopausal women, overall and stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and years since menopause. METHODS The data are from six years of follow up on 10,184 postmenopausal women (7828 non-Hispanic White women, 1423 non-Hispanic Black women, and 703 Hispanic women) who participated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). The WHI is a large prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women across the United States. All participants in this analysis had DXA scans in the 1990s as part of the WHI protocol. Hologic APEX software was used to re-analyze archived DXA scans and obtain measures of abdominal adipose tissue. Analyses examined differences in abdominal adipose tissue, overall adiposity, and anthropometric variables. RESULTS There were important differences in VAT and SAT by age and race/ethnicity. In women <60 years, VAT increased over the follow-up period, while in women ≥70 years, VAT decreased. Non-Hispanic Black women had the highest levels of SAT. Hispanic women had the highest VAT levels. Women more than ten years since menopause had less SAT and more VAT than women less than ten years since menopause, resulting in a higher VAT/SAT ratio. There was a moderate to strong correlation between measures of abdominal adipose tissue and anthropometric measurements of body size. Still, there were substantial differences in the quantity of VAT and SAT within BMI and waist circumference categories. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate differences in VAT and SAT according to age, race/ethnicity, time since menopause, and compared to standard measures of body composition in a large and diverse cohort of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey R Banack
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Skye Nicholas
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Robert A Wild
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Biostatistics and Epidemiology Oklahoma University Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Jain RK, Vokes T. Visceral Adipose Tissue is Negatively Associated With Bone Mineral Density in NHANES 2011-2018. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad008. [PMID: 36793478 PMCID: PMC9922944 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The relationship of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with bone mineral density (BMD) is not well established. Objective To examine the associations of VAT and SAT with total body BMD in a large, nationally representative population with a wide range of adiposity. Methods We analyzed 10 641 subjects aged 20 to 59 years in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 who had undergone total body BMD and had VAT and SAT measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models were fitted while controlling for age, sex, race or ethnicity, smoking status, height, and lean mass index. Results In a fully adjusted model, each higher quartile of VAT was associated with an average of 0.22 lower T-score (95% CI, -0.26 to -0.17, P < 0.001), whereas SAT had a weak association with BMD but only in men (-0.10; 95% CI, -0.17 to -0.04, P = 0.002). However, the association of SAT to BMD in men was no longer significant after controlling for bioavailable sex hormones. In subgroup analysis, we also found differences in the relationship of VAT to BMD in Black and Asian subjects, but these differences were eliminated after accounting for racial and ethnic differences in VAT norms. Conclusions VAT has a negative association with BMD. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanism of action and, more generally, to develop strategies for optimizing bone health in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Jain
- Correspondence: Rajesh K. Jain, MD, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Tamara Vokes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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LaMonte MJ, Manson JE, Anderson GL, Baker LD, Bea JW, Eaton CB, Follis S, Hayden KM, Kooperberg C, LaCroix AZ, Limacher MC, Neuhouser ML, Odegaard A, Perez MV, Prentice RL, Reiner AP, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wells GL, Whitsel EA, Rossouw JE. Contributions of the Women's Health Initiative to Cardiovascular Research: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:256-275. [PMID: 35835498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The WHI (Women's Health Initiative) enrolled 161,808 racially and ethnically diverse postmenopausal women, ages 50-79 years, from 1993 to 1998 at 40 clinical centers across the United States. In its clinical trial component, WHI evaluated 3 randomized interventions (menopausal hormone therapy; diet modification; and calcium/vitamin D supplementation) for the primary prevention of major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, in older women. In the WHI observational study, numerous clinical, behavioral, and social factors have been evaluated as predictors of incident chronic disease and mortality. Although the original interventions have been completed, the WHI data and biomarker resources continue to be leveraged and expanded through ancillary studies to yield novel insights regarding cardiovascular disease prevention and healthy aging in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura D Baker
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Health Promotion Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shawna Follis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marian C Limacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marco V Perez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gretchen L Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacques E Rossouw
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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