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Potgurski DS, Ribeiro GE, da Silva DPC. Occurrence of changes in the auditory evoked potentials of smokers: systematic review of the literature. Codas 2023; 35:e20210273. [PMID: 37556701 PMCID: PMC10446745 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232021273pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the occurrence of abnormal auditory evoked potentials (AEP) tests in adult smokers. RESEARCH STRATEGIES Systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines, to answer the question: "Are there any changes in the AEP results in adult smokers?", PECOS strategy. Research carried out on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, LIVIVO, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and Scielo databases. Additional search of gray literature: Google Scholar and ProQuest hand searching of reference lists of the included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Cross-sectional studies were selected, without restriction on the year of publication and language. DATA ANALYSIS First, the titles and abstracts of all the studies were analyzed, followed by the full reading of the eligible studies. RESULTS 898 articles were collected, after the duplicate studies were removed and after blind analysis by three researchers, 8 studies of the observational type were selected. Most studies have found an association between active smoking and changes in electrophysiological tests. CONCLUSION Normal hearing adult smokers present alterations in short and long AEP. In the auditory brainstem response, the main altered components were the increase in waves latencies of I and III and in the interpeaks I - III and III - V, as well as a decrease in the amplitude of the waves. In Mismatch Negativity, there was a significant increase in wave amplitude and latency. In the long latency potential, P300, there was an increase in latencies and decreased amplitudes in the components N1 (in Fz) and P3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Stephanie Potgurski
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC - Florianópolis (SC), Brasil.
| | - Georgea Espindola Ribeiro
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - HCFMUSP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
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Siegel SD, Tindle HA, Bergen AW, Tyndale RF, Schnoll R. The Use of Biomarkers to Guide Precision Treatment for Tobacco Use. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 6. [PMID: 37089247 PMCID: PMC10121195 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the evidence to date on the development of biomarkers for personalizing the pharmacological treatment of combustible tobacco use. First, the latest evidence on FDA-approved medications is considered, demonstrating that, while these medications offer real benefits, they do not contribute to smoking cessation in approximately two-thirds of cases. Second, the case for using biomarkers to guide tobacco treatment is made based on the potential to increase medication effectiveness and uptake and reduce side effects. Next, the FDA framework of biomarker development is presented along with the state of science on biomarkers for tobacco treatment, including a review of the nicotine metabolite ratio, electroencephalographic event-related potentials, and other biomarkers utilized for risk feedback. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for the translation of biomarkers to guide tobacco treatment and propose priorities for future research.
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Koskinen SM, Ahveninen J, Kujala T, Kaprio J, O'Donnell BF, Osipova D, Viken RJ, Näätänen R, Rose RJ. Association of lifetime major depressive disorder with enhanced attentional sensitivity measured with P3 response in young adult twins. Biol Psychol 2022; 171:108345. [PMID: 35525377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is associated with alterations in the auditory P3 event-related potential (ERP). However, the persistence of these abnormalities after recovery from depressive episodes, especially in young adults, is not well known. Furthermore, the potential influence of substance use on this association is poorly understood. Young adult twin pairs (N=177) from the longitudinal FinnTwin16 study were studied with a psychiatric interview, and P3a and P3b ERPs elicited by task-irrelevant novel sounds and targets, respectively. Dyadic linear mixed-effect models were used to distinguish the effects of lifetime major depressive disorder from familial factors and effects of alcohol problem drinking and tobacco smoking. P3a amplitude was significantly increased and P3b latency decreased, in individuals with a history of lifetime major depression, when controlling the fixed effects of alcohol abuse, tobacco, gender, twins' birth order, and zygosity. These results suggest that past lifetime major depressive disorder may be associated with enhanced attentional sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini M Koskinen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | - Teija Kujala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health & Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 4, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Daria Osipova
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Richard J Viken
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Risto Näätänen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 21, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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Xu Z, Luo F, Wang Y, Zou BS, Man Y, Liu JS, Li H, Arshad B, Li H, Li S, Wei YX, Li HY, Wu KN, Kong LQ. Cognitive impairments in breast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy: a study based on event-related potentials. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 85:61-67. [PMID: 31745592 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments in breast cancer patients were usually reported through cognitive questionnaires or scales which may be subjective and insensitive. This study is to assess the effect of chemotherapy on cognitive function in breast cancer patients stratified by age using objective electrophysiological measure, the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) with a large sample size. METHODS Totally, 529 primary breast cancer patients, including 178 cases at initial diagnosis stage and before chemotherapy (Group1), 167 cases during chemotherapy (Group2), and 184 cases post chemotherapy and during follow-up period (Group3), were examined with ERPs (P300 component) to assess the effect of chemotherapy on their cognitive function. RESULTS There were significant differences of P300 latency in Group2 (364.74 ± 15.73 ms) and Group3 (364.02 ± 17.12 ms, mean follow-up period of 2.42 years) compared with Group1 (355.13 ± 19.47 ms, P < 0.001), respectively. With further age stratification: in patients of < 50 years, P300 latency was significantly prolonged in Group2 and Group3 compared with Group1 (P < 0.001), respectively; in patients of 50-59 years, P300 latency was significantly prolonged in Group2 compared with Group1 (P < 0.05), but without difference in Group1 and Group3 (P>0.05); In patients of ≥ 60 years, there were no differences of P300 latency among three the groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is first suggested by our objective detection data that the side effect of chemotherapy on cognitive functions in breast cancer patients may decrease with age. Electrophysiological cognitive impairments mainly occur in younger breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and would last for years after chemotherapy, which highlights the importance of early intervention for those patients, especially in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bao-Shan Zou
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan Man
- Electromyogram Room of Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jia-Shuo Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bilal Arshad
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu-Xian Wei
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kai-Nan Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ling-Quan Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 You Yi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Henn IW, Alanis LRA, Modesto A, Vieira AR. The concept of exposure when selecting comparison groups for determining individual susceptibility to addiction to cigarette smoking. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214946. [PMID: 30973902 PMCID: PMC6459592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death. The effect of tobacco is even more contundent in people with mental illness and, in general, cigarette smoking addiction is influenced by genetic factors. The opioid system is involved in the mesolimbic reward system, which is of great importance in addictive behaviors, such as smoking and is influenced by genes such as the OPRM1. The aim of this study was to evaluate if selecting a comparison group that include light smokers versus people that never smoked impacts the results of genetic association studies. In addition, to evaluate the genetic association in different groups of smokers by analyzing independent covariates such as mental illness and clinical dental data. All subjects were participants of the Dental Registry and DNA Repository project. Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan chemistry for two markers in OPRM1 (rs553202 and rs7755635). Logistic regression analyses were performed as implemented in PLINK. The established value for alpha was 5%, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated by the chi-square test with one degree of freedom for each marker. 1,897 patients were included, which were allocated to eight distinct groups, according to the frequency and quantity of cigarettes smoked and mental illness status. There was no significant association between the two markers in OPRM1 and smoking. When mental illness and dental clinical data (tooth loss, dental caries, and periodontitis) were used as covariates, there were associations between heavy smoking and OPRM1, when non-smokers were used as comparison. We did not have diet or microbiome data to consider for these dental analyses and suggest that these kinds of data should be always incorporated in the future. Significant results were found only when the covariables mental illness and oral clinical data were added to the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiara W. Henn
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana R. A. Alanis
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Departments of Oral Biology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Departments of Oral Biology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Neurophysiological Profile of Antismoking Campaigns. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 2018:9721561. [PMID: 30327667 PMCID: PMC6169221 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9721561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, antismoking public service announcements (PSAs) have been used by governments to promote healthy behaviours in citizens, for instance, against drinking before the drive and against smoke. Effectiveness of such PSAs has been suggested especially for young persons. By now, PSAs efficacy is still mainly assessed through traditional methods (questionnaires and metrics) and could be performed only after the PSAs broadcasting, leading to waste of economic resources and time in the case of Ineffective PSAs. One possible countermeasure to such ineffective use of PSAs could be promoted by the evaluation of the cerebral reaction to the PSA of particular segments of population (e.g., old, young, and heavy smokers). In addition, it is crucial to gather such cerebral activity in front of PSAs that have been assessed to be effective against smoke (Effective PSAs), comparing results to the cerebral reactions to PSAs that have been certified to be not effective (Ineffective PSAs). The eventual differences between the cerebral responses toward the two PSA groups will provide crucial information about the possible outcome of new PSAs before to its broadcasting. This study focused on adult population, by investigating the cerebral reaction to the vision of different PSA images, which have already been shown to be Effective and Ineffective for the promotion of an antismoking behaviour. Results showed how variables as gender and smoking habits can influence the perception of PSA images, and how different communication styles of the antismoking campaigns could facilitate the comprehension of PSA's message and then enhance the related impact.
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Cartocci G, Modica E, Rossi D, Cherubino P, Maglione AG, Colosimo A, Trettel A, Mancini M, Babiloni F. Neurophysiological Measures of the Perception of Antismoking Public Service Announcements Among Young Population. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:231. [PMID: 30210322 PMCID: PMC6124418 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco constitutes a global emergency with totally preventable millions of deaths per year and smoking-related illnesses. Public service announcements (PSAs) are the main tool against smoking and by now their efficacy is still assessed through questionnaires and metrics, only months after their circulation. The present study focused on the young population, because at higher risk of developing tobacco addiction, investigating the reaction to the vision of Effective, Ineffective and Awarded antismoking PSAs through: electroencephalography (EEG), autonomic activity variation (Galvanic skin response—GSR- and Heart Rate—HR-) and Eye-Tracking (ET). The employed indices were: the EEG frontal alpha band asymmetry and the frontal theta; the Emotional Index (EI), deriving from the GSR and HR signals matching; the ET Visual Attention (VA) index, based on the ratio between the total time spent fixating an area of interest (AOI) and its area. Smokers expressed higher frontal alpha asymmetry values in comparison to non-smokers. Concerning frontal theta, Awarded PSAs reported the highest values in comparison to both Effective and Ineffective PSAs. EI results highlighted that lowest values were expressed by Heavy Smokers (HS), and Effective PSAs obtained the highest EI values. Finally, concerning the Effective PSAs, regression analysis highlighted a correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked by participants (independent variable) and frontal alpha asymmetry, frontal theta and EI values. ET results suggested that for the Ineffective PSAs the main focus were texts, while for the Effective and Awarded PSAs were the visual elements. Results support the use of methods aimed at assessing the physiological reaction for the evaluation of PSAs images, in particular when considering the smoking habits of target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cartocci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Modica
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Rossi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alfredo Colosimo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Babiloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, China
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Motlagh F, Ibrahim F, Rashid R, Seghatoleslam T, Habil H. Investigation of brain electrophysiological properties among heroin addicts: Quantitative EEG and event-related potentials. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1633-1646. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Motlagh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Rusdi Rashid
- University of Malaya, Centre of Addiction Sciences; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Tahereh Seghatoleslam
- University of Malaya, Centre of Addiction Sciences; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hussain Habil
- University of Malaya, Centre of Addiction Sciences; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Psychiatry; Mahsa University; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Hedges D, Janis R, Mickelson S, Keith C, Bennett D, Brown BL. P300 Amplitude in Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Clin EEG Neurosci 2016; 47:48-55. [PMID: 25253434 DOI: 10.1177/1550059414550567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60% of all dementia. Numerous biomarkers have been developed that can help in making an early diagnosis. The P300 is an event-related potential that may be abnormal in Alzheimer's disease. Given the possible association between P300 amplitude and Alzheimer's disease and the need for biomarkers in early Alzheimer's disease, the main purpose of this meta-analysis and meta-regression was to characterize P300 amplitude in probable Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy controls. Using online search engines, we identified peer-reviewed articles containing amplitude measures for the P300 in response to a visual or auditory oddball stimulus in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and in a healthy control group and pooled effect sizes for differences in P300 amplitude between Alzheimer's disease and control groups to obtain summary effect sizes. We also used meta-regression to determine whether age, sex, educational attainment, or dementia severity affected the association between P300 amplitude and Alzheimer's disease. Twenty articles containing a total of 646 subjects met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall effect size from all electrode locations was 1.079 (95% confidence interval=0.745-1.412, P<.001). The pooled effect sizes for the Cz, Fz, and Pz locations were 1.226 (P<.001), 0.724 (P=.0007), and 1.430 (P<.001), respectively. Meta-regression showed an association between amplitude and educational attainment, but no association between amplitude and age, sex, and dementia severity. In conclusion, P300 amplitude is smaller in subjects with Alzheimer's disease than in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Hedges
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca Janis
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Cierra Keith
- The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - David Bennett
- The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Bruce L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Featherstone RE, Siegel SJ. The Role of Nicotine in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:23-78. [PMID: 26472525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with by severe disruptions in thought, cognition, emotion, and behavior. Patients show a marked increase in rates of smoking and nicotine dependence relative to nonaffected individuals, a finding commonly ascribed to the potential ameliorative effects of nicotine on symptom severity and cognitive impairment. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated improvement in patients following the administration of nicotine. Such findings have led to an increased emphasis on the development of therapeutic agents to target the nicotinic system as well as increasing the impetus to understand the genetic basis for nicotinic dysfunction in schizophrenia. The goal of this review article is to provide a critical summary of evidence for the role of the nicotinic system in schizophrenia. The first part will review the role of nicotine in normalization of primary dysfunctions and endophenotypical changes found in schizophrenia. The second part will provide a summary of genetic evidence linking polymorphisms in nicotinic receptor genes to smoking and schizophrenia. The third part will summarize attempts to treat schizophrenia using agents specifically targeting nicotinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes. Although currently available antipsychotic treatments are generally able to manage some aspects of schizophrenia (e.g., positive symptoms) they fail to address several other critically effected aspects of the disease. As such, the search for novel mechanisms to treat this disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Knott V, Choueiry J, Dort H, Smith D, Impey D, de la Salle S, Philippe T. Baseline-dependent modulating effects of nicotine on voluntary and involuntary attention measured with brain event-related P3 potentials. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Tomé D, Barbosa F, Nowak K, Marques-Teixeira J. The development of the N1 and N2 components in auditory oddball paradigms: a systematic review with narrative analysis and suggested normative values. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:375-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Hedges D, Bennett DP. Cigarette smoking and p300 amplitude in adults: a systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:1157-66. [PMID: 24847100 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between chronic tobacco cigarette smoking and P300 amplitude. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. DATA SOURCES Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsychInfo, and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Eligible studies contained P300 amplitudes obtained from either visual or auditory stimuli and standard deviations or errors in female and male subjects older than 18 years in a group of nonabstaining chronic cigarette smokers and a nonsmoking control group. RESULTS The 9 eligible studies comprised 13 relevant datasets containing 1,956 current cigarette smokers and 2,194 nonsmoking controls (N = 4,150). The P300 amplitude was smaller in cigarette smokers than in nonsmoking controls (Hedges' g effect size = .365; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.196-0.534, p < .001). Meta-regression showed significant positive associations between the number of cigarettes smoked per day at the time of the study (slope estimate = .036, 95% CI = 0.016-0.056, p ≤ .001, length of smoking in years (slope estimate = .056, 95% CI = 0.005-0.102, p = .018), pack years (slope estimate = .018, 95% CI = 0.009-0.031 p = .009), and age (slope estimate = .068, 95% CI = 0.025-0.113, p = .002). CONCLUSIONS P300 amplitude was smaller in cigarette smokers than in nonsmoking controls, and a possible dose-response relationship was apparent. Findings indicate a possible association between cigarette smoking and decreased P300 amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Hedges
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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Campanella S, Pogarell O, Boutros N. Event-related potentials in substance use disorders: a narrative review based on articles from 1984 to 2012. Clin EEG Neurosci 2014; 45:67-76. [PMID: 24104954 DOI: 10.1177/1550059413495533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that mediate the transition from occasional, controlled, drug use to the impaired control that characterizes severe dependence are still a matter of investigation. The etiology of substance use disorders (SUDs) is complex, and in this context of complexity, the concept of "endophenotype," has gained extensive popularity in recent years. The main aim of endophenotypes is to provide a simpler, more proximal target to discover the biological underpinnings of a psychiatric syndrome. In this view, neurocognitive and neurophysiological impairments that suggest functional impairments associated with SUDs have been proposed as possible endophenotypes. Because of its large amplitude and relatively easy elicitation, the most studied of the cognitive brain event-related potentials (ERPs), the P300 component, has been proposed as one possible candidate. However, if a P300 amplitude alteration is a common finding in SUDs, it is also observable in other psychiatric afflictions, suggesting that the associations found may just reflect a common measure of brain dysfunction. On this basis, it has been proposed that a multivariate endophenotype, based on a weighted combination of electrophysiological features, may provide greater diagnostic classification power than any single endophenotype. The rationale for investigating multiple features is to show that combining them provides extra useful information that is not available in the individual features, leading ultimately to a multivariate phenotype.The aim of the present article is to outline the potential usefulness of this kind of "combined electrophysiological procedure" applied to SUDs. We present a review of ERP studies, combining data from people with SUD, family members, and normal control subjects, to verify whether the combination of 4ERPs (P50, MMN, P300, and N400) may produce profiles of cortical anomalies induced by different types of SUD (alcohol vs cocaine vs cannabis vs heroin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicaleetd' Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Spronk DB, Veth CPM, Arns M, Schofield PR, Dobson-Stone C, Ramaekers JG, Franke B, de Bruijn ERA, Verkes RJ. DBH -1021C>T and COMT Val108/158Met genotype are not associated with the P300 ERP in an auditory oddball task. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 124:909-15. [PMID: 23261162 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The amplitude and latency of the P300 may be associated by variations in dopaminergic genes. The current study was conducted to determine whether functional variants of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene were associated with P300 amplitude and latency in an auditory oddball task. METHODS The P300 ERP was assessed by a two-tone auditory oddball paradigm in a large sample of 320 healthy volunteers. The Val108/158Met polymorphism (rs4680) of the COMT gene and the -1021C>T polymorphism (rs1611115) of the DBH gene were genotyped. P300 amplitude and latency were compared across genotype groups using analysis of variance. RESULTS There were no differences in demographic characteristics in subjects for genotypic subgroups. No genotype associations were observed for the P300 amplitude and latency on frontal, central and parietal electrode positions. CONCLUSIONS COMT Val108/158Met and DBH -1021C>T polymorphisms do not show evidence of association with characteristics of the P300 ERP in an auditory oddball paradigm in healthy volunteers. SIGNIFICANCE We failed to find evidence for the association between dopaminergic enzymatic polymorphisms and the P300 ERP in healthy volunteers, in the largest study undertaken to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Spronk
- Department of Psychiatry (966), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Knott VJ, Millar AM, McIntosh JF, Shah DK, Fisher DJ, Blais CM, Ilivitsky V, Horn E. Separate and combined effects of low dose ketamine and nicotine on behavioural and neural correlates of sustained attention. Biol Psychol 2011; 88:83-93. [PMID: 21742012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain. As glutamatergic abnormalities have been implicated in these attentional deficiencies, this study attempted to shed light on the separate and interactive roles of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and nAChR systems in the modulation of attention by investigating, in healthy volunteers, the separate and combined effects of nicotine and the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on neural and behavioural responses in a sustained attention task. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study, performance and the P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) in a visual information processing (RVIP) task were examined in 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers (both male and female). Assessment involved intravenous injection of a low subperceptual bolus dose (.04mg/kg) of ketamine or placebo, which was accompanied by acute treatment with nicotine (4mg) or placebo gum. Nicotine-enhanced attentional processing was most evident in nonsmokers, with both performance accuracy and P300 amplitude measures. Ketamine's detrimental effects on these behavioural and electrophysiologic measures were negatively moderated by acute nicotine, the synergistic effects being expressed differently in smokers and nonsmokers. These findings support the view that acute alterations and individual differences in nAChR function can moderate even subtle glutamatergic-driven cognitive deficiencies in schizophrenia and can be important therapeutic targets for treating cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner J Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with schizophrenia have a high rate of cigarette smoking and also exhibit profound deficits in sensory processing, which may in part be ameliorated by the acute actions of smoke-inhaled nicotine. The mismatch negativity (MMN), a preattentive event-related potential index of auditory sensory memory, is diminished in schizophrenia. The MMN is increased in healthy controls with acute nicotine. OBJECTIVE To utilize the MMN to compare auditory sensory memory in minimally tobacco-deprived (3 hours) patients and matched tobacco-deprived smoking controls and to assess the effects of acute nicotine on MMN-indexed sensory memory processing in the patients. DESIGN Event-related potentials were recorded in 2 auditory oddball paradigms, one involving tone frequency changes (frequency MMN) and one involving tone duration changes (duration MMN). Controls were assessed once under nontreatment conditions, and patients were assessed twice under randomized double-blind treatment conditions involving placebo and nicotine (8 mg) gum. SETTING Outpatient mental health center. PATIENTS Twelve smokers with schizophrenia and twelve control smokers. RESULTS Compared with the controls, the patients showed reduced frequency-MMN (P < 0.001) and duration-MMN (P < 0.04) amplitudes. In addition to prolonging peak latency in duration MMN (P < 0.01), nicotine, relative to placebo, increased the amplitude of the patients' duration MMN (P < 0.01), but not their frequency MMN, to a level comparable with that seen in the controls. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings demonstrate for the first time that acute nicotine can normalize temporal aspects of sensory memory processing in patients with schizophrenia, an effect that may be mediated by activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the function of which is diminished in schizophrenia. These ameliorating actions of nicotine may have implications for understanding the close relationship between tobacco smoking and schizophrenia and for developing nicotinic pharmacotherapies to alleviate sensory memory impairments in schizophrenia.
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