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Yamada H, Miura H, Suzuki Y, Koike S, Shimamoto S, Kobayashi Y. In vitro Effects of Cellulose Acetate on Fermentation Profiles, the Microbiome, and Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Production in Human Stool Cultures. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:284. [PMID: 37450067 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered as a potential candidate substance that mediates the effects of intestinal bacteria on human mental health. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of water-soluble cellulose acetate (WSCA), a type of cellulose ester, on fermentation and microbial profiles, and GABA production in human stool cultures prepared from fresh feces from volunteers. In addition, the GABA-producing ability of Bacteroides uniformis, which can utilize WSCA, was evaluated in a pure-culture study. All incubations were conducted anaerobically. WSCA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) acetate and propionate production and decreased (P < 0.05) the pH in human fecal cultures. WSCA significantly altered the microbiota, selectively increasing the relative abundance of B. uniformis (P < 0.05). Pure-culture study results revealed that B. uniformis produces GABA, possibly via a glutamate-dependent acid resistance system under low pH conditions. In conclusion, WSCA could be a potential prebiotic material that is fermented by intestinal bacteria and increases short-chain fatty acid and GABA production in the human gut. Bacteroides uniformis might play an important role in both WSCA degradation and GABA production in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shu Shimamoto
- Daicel Corporation, Tokyo Head Office Satellite, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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Yang T, Yang S, Zhao J, Wang P, Li S, Jin Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liao J, Li S, Hua K, Gu Y, Wang D, Huang J. Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Bile Acid Profiles in Children With Biliary Atresia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914247. [PMID: 35782134 PMCID: PMC9247268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is the most common cholestatic liver disease in neonates. Herein, we aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota and fecal bile acid profiles of BA patients, defining the correlations between them, and evaluating the relationship between the clinical pathogenesis and changes in the gut microbiota and bile acid profiles.MethodsA total of 84 fecal samples from BA patients (n = 46) and matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 38) were subjected to sequencing by 16S rRNA gene amplification, and fecal bile acid were analyzed by targeted metabolomics.FindingsCompared with the controls, a structural separation of the intestinal flora of BA patients was uncovered, which was accompanied by changes in the composition of fecal bile acids. In the BA group, Actinobacillus, Monoglobus, and Agathobacter were enriched in patients without cholangitis (p < 0.05). Selenomonadaceae and Megamonas were more abundant in patients without recurrent cholangitis episodes (p < 0.05), while Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were enriched in patients with multiple recurrences of cholangitis (p < 0.05). Postoperative jaundice clearance was associated with Campylobacter and Rikenellaceae (p < 0.05), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid was associated with jaundice clearance (p < 0.001).ConclusionBA patients are characterized by different compositions of gut microbiota and bile acids, and their interaction is involved in the process of liver damage in BA, which may be closely related to the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis and jaundice clearance.
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Fu M, Feng CM, Cao LJ, Hu XW, Xu QX, Xia HL, Ji ZM, Hu NN, Xie W, Fang Y, Xia DQ, Zhang JQ. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Occupational Exposure to Waterproofing Spray: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:830429. [PMID: 35284363 PMCID: PMC8916539 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.830429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious respiratory disease, caused by severe infection, trauma, shock, inhalation of harmful gases and poisons and presented with acute-onset and high mortality. Timely and accurate identification will be helpful to the treatment and prognosis of ARDS cases. Herein, we report a case of ARDS caused by occupational exposure to waterproofing spray. To our knowledge, inhalation of waterproofing spray is an uncommon cause of ARDS, and what makes our case special is that we ruled out concurrent infections with some pathogens by using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) as an auxiliary diagnosis, which presents the most comprehensive etiological examination of similar reports.Case PresentationA previously healthy 25 years old delivery man developed hyperpyrexia, chest tightness, cough and expectoration. The symptoms occurred and gradually exacerbated after exposure to a waterproofing spray. The chest computed tomography (CT) finding showed diffuse ground glass and infiltrative shadows in both lungs. The diagnosis of ARDS related to waterproofing spray was established on the basis of comprehensive differential diagnosis and etiological examination. The patient achieved good curative effect after proper systemic glucocorticoid therapy.ConclusionsThe diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute respiratory failure for outdoor workers, such as delivery drivers or hikers, should be considered whether toxic aerosol exposure exists from daily contacts. The case can educate the public that more attention should be paid to avoid exposure to these chemicals by aerosols/ingestion mode and some preventive strategies should be taken in occupational environment. The treatment effect of glucocorticoids is significant in ARDS patients with general chemical damage caused by inhaling toxic gases and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chun-Mei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Le-Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Qi-xia Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Huai-Ling Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Zi-Mei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Na-Na Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Wang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Da-Qing Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Da-Qing Xia
| | - Jun-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
- Jun-Qiang Zhang
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Gill T, Rosenbaum JT. Putative Pathobionts in HLA-B27-Associated Spondyloarthropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:586494. [PMID: 33537028 PMCID: PMC7848169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of immune mediated inflammatory diseases with a strong association to the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecule, HLA-B27. Although the association between HLA-B27 and AS has been known for almost 50 years, the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis are elusive. Over the years, three hypotheses have been proposed to explain HLA-B27 and disease association: 1) HLA B27 presents arthritogenic peptides and thus creates a pathological immune response; 2) HLA-B27 misfolding causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR); 3) HLA-B27 dimerizes on the cell surface and acts as a target for natural killer (NK) cells. None of these hypotheses explains SpA pathogenesis completely. Evidence supports the hypothesis that HLA-B27-related diseases have a microbial pathogenesis. In animal models of various SpAs, a germ-free environment abrogates disease development and colonizing these animals with gut commensal microbes can restore disease manifestations. The depth of microbial influence on SpA development has been realized due to our ability to characterize microbial communities in the gut using next-generation sequencing approaches. In this review, we will discuss various putative pathobionts in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27-associated diseases. We pursue whether a single pathobiont or a disruption of microbial community and function is associated with HLA-B27-related diseases. Furthermore, rather than a specific pathobiont, metabolic functions of various disease-associated microbes might be key. While the use of germ-free models of SpA have facilitated understanding the role of microbes in disease development, future studies with animal models that mimic diverse microbial communities instead of mono-colonization are indispensable. We discuss the causal mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis including the role of these pathobionts on mucin degradation, mucosal adherence, and gut epithelial barrier disruption and inflammation. Finally, we review the various uses of microbes as therapeutic modalities including pre/probiotics, diet, microbial metabolites and fecal microbiota transplant. Unravelling these complex host-microbe interactions will lead to the development of new targets/therapies for alleviation of SpA and other HLA-B27 associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejpal Gill
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - James T Rosenbaum
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, and Cell Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Legacy Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR, United States
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A P4 Medicine Perspective of Gut Microbiota and Prediabetes: Systems Analysis and Personalized Intervention. J Transl Int Med 2020; 8:119-130. [PMID: 33062587 PMCID: PMC7534502 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes worldwide and has become a global public health problem. Generally, individuals go to hospitals and get healthcare only when they have obvious T2D symptoms. While the underlying cause and mechanism of the disease are usually not well understood, treatment is for the symptoms, but not for the disease cause, and patients often continue to progress with more symptoms. Prediabetes is the early stage of diabetes and provides a good time window for intervention and prevention. However, with few symptoms, prediabetes is usually ignored without any treatment. Obviously, it is far from ideal to rely on the traditional medical system for diabetes healthcare. As a result, the medical system must be transformed from a reactive approach to a proactive approach. Root cause analysis and personalized intervention should be conducted for patients with prediabetes. Based on systems medicine, also known as P4 medicine, with a predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory approach, new medical system is expected to significantly promote the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as prediabetes and diabetes. Many studies have shown that the occurrence and development of diabetes is closely related to gut microbiota. However, the relationship between diabetes and gut microbiota has not been fully elucidated. This review describes the research on the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes and some exploratory trials on the interventions of prediabetes based on P4 medicine model. Furthermore, we also discussed how these findings might influence the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diabetes in the future, thereby to improve the wellness of human beings.
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Zha H, Lu H, Wu J, Chang K, Wang Q, Zhang H, Li J, Luo Q, Lu Y, Li L. Vital Members in the More Dysbiotic Oropharyngeal Microbiotas in H7N9-Infected Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:396. [PMID: 32850904 PMCID: PMC7433009 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of oropharyngeal (OP) microbiota is associated with multiple diseases, including H7N9 infection. Different OP microbial colonization states may reflect different severities or stages of disease and affect the effectiveness of the treatments. Current study aims to determine the vital bacteria that could possibly drive the OP microbiota in the H7N9 patients to more severe microbial dysbiosis state. The OP microbiotas of 42 H7N9 patients and 30 healthy subjects were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics and statistical analyses. Two clusters of OP microbiotas in H7N9 patients, i.e., Cluster_1_Diseased and Cluster_2_Diseased, were determined at two microbial colonization states by Partition Around Medoids (PAM) clustering analysis, each characterized by distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and functional metabolites. Cluster_1_Diseased was determined at more severe dysbiosis status compared with Cluster_2_Diseased, while OTU143_Capnocytophaga and OTU269_Treponema acted as gatekeepers for both of the two clustered microbiotas. Nine OTUs assigned to seven taxa, i.e., Alloprevotella, Atopobium, Megasphaera, Oribacterium, Prevotella, Stomatobaculum, and Veillonella, were associated with both H7N9 patients with and without secondary bacterial lung infection in Cluster_1. In addition, two groups of healthy cohorts may have potential different susceptibilities to H7N9 infection. These findings suggest that two OP microbial colonization states of H7N9 patients were at different dysbiosis states, which may help determine the health status of H7N9 patients, as well as the susceptibility of healthy subjects to H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyou Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bilinski J, Dziurzynski M, Grzesiowski P, Podsiadly E, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Dzieciatkowski T, Dziewit L, Basak GW. Multimodal Approach to Assessment of Fecal Microbiota Donors based on Three Complementary Methods. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2036. [PMID: 32610522 PMCID: PMC7409046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods of stool assessment are mostly focused on next-generation sequencing (NGS) or classical culturing, but only rarely both. We conducted a series of experiments using a multi-method approach to trace the stability of gut microbiota in various donors over time, to find the best method for the proper selection of fecal donors and to find "super-donor" indicators. Ten consecutive stools donated by each of three donors were used for the experiments (30 stools in total). The experiments assessed bacterial viability measured by flow cytometry, stool culturing on different media and in various conditions, and NGS (90 samples in total). There were no statistically significant differences between live and dead cell numbers; however, we found a group of cells classified as not-dead-not-alive, which may be possibly important in selection of "good" donors. Donor C, being a regular stool donor, was characterized by the largest number of cultivable species (64). Cultivable core microbiota (shared by all donors) was composed of only 16 species. ANCOM analysis of NGS data highlighted particular genera to be more abundant in one donor vs. the others. There was a correlation between the not-dead-not-alive group found in flow cytometry and Anaeroplasma found by NGS, and we could distinguish a regular stool donor from the others. In this work, we showed that combining various methods of microbiota assessment gives more information than each method separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Bilinski
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mikolaj Dziurzynski
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Grzesiowski
- Foundation for the Infection Prevention Institute, 02-991 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Edyta Podsiadly
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Dzieciatkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz W. Basak
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Bo Trabi E, Seddik HE, Xie F, Wang X, Liu J, Mao S. Effect of pelleted high-grain total mixed ration on rumen morphology, epithelium-associated microbiota and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins in Hu sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bo Trabi E, Seddik HE, Xie F, Lin L, Mao S. Comparison of the rumen bacterial community, rumen fermentation and growth performance of fattening lambs fed low-grain, pelleted or non-pelleted high grain total mixed ration. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Takahama A, Rôças IN, Faustino ISP, Alves FRF, Azevedo RS, Gomes CC, Araújo-Filho WR, Siqueira JF. Association between bacteria occurring in the apical canal system and expression of bone-resorbing mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:738-746. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Takahama
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry; State University of Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - I. N. Rôças
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - I. S. P. Faustino
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - F. R. F. Alves
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - R. S. Azevedo
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - C. C. Gomes
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - W. R. Araújo-Filho
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - J. F. Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Kugaji MS, Bhat KG, Joshi VM, Pujar M, Mavani PT. Simplified Method of Detection of Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli in Oral Cavity Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2229411217729105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The oral microbial flora is highly complex and diverse with obligate anaerobic bacteria as the predominant component. Most of these are not yet cultivated/difficult to cultivate due to technical limitations. In this study, we aim to detect two novel oral bacterial species Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli by simplified and economical procedure of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and study their association with primary and persistent endodontic infections. Material and Methods: The study involved 60 patients that included 30 patients of primary endodontic infections and 30 with persistent endodontic infections. The sample collection from the root canal was performed by universally accepted protocol by using sterile paper points. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was done, followed by PCR with species specific primers. We made several changes to the protocol mentioned by original authors. We adopted a one-step protocol for amplification of bacterial DNA, omitting the 16SrDNA amplification step with universal primers. Results: It was seen that 7 (23.3 %) samples in primary endodontic infection group and 24 (80 %) samples in persistent endodontic infection group were positive for D. invisus. On the other hand, 11 (36.6 %) patients of primary endodontic infection showed positivity for O. uli in comparison to 9 (30 %) of persistent endodontic infection. Conclusion: The results from the present study showed efficient amplification of both O. uli and D. invisus in a single-step PCR. Hence, we conclude that the modified protocol used here with taq polymerase enzyme offers a faster and cheaper alternative to nested PCR without compromising the quality of amplification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar S. Kugaji
- Maratha Mandal’s Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G. Bhat
- Maratha Mandal’s Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak M. Joshi
- Maratha Mandal’s Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Pujar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratik T. Mavani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Gomes BPFA, Berber VB, Kokaras AS, Chen T, Paster BJ. Microbiomes of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions before and after Chemomechanical Preparation. J Endod 2015; 41:1975-84. [PMID: 26521147 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiomes of endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after chemomechanical preparation (CMP). METHODS Clinical samples were taken from 15 root canals (RCs) with necrotic pulp tissues and from their associated periodontal pockets (PPs) (n = 15) of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after CMP. The Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) protocol and viable culture were used to analyze samples from RCs and PPs. The Mann-Whitney U test and Benjamini-Hochberg corrections were performed to correlate the clinical and radiographic findings with microbial findings (P < .05). RESULTS Bacteria were detected in 100% of the samples in both sites (15/15) using NGS. Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum in both sites using both methods. The most frequently detected species in the RCs before and after CMP using NGS were Enterococcus faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Mogibacterium timidum, Filifactor alocis, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum. The species most frequently detected in the PPs before and after CMP using NGS were P. micra, E. faecalis, Streptococcus constellatus, Eubacterium brachy, Tannerella forsythia, and F. alocis. Associations were found between periapical lesions ≤ 2 mm and Desulfobulbus sp oral taxon 041 and with periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm and Dialister invisius and Peptostreptococcus stomatis (all P < .05, found in the RCs before CMP). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the microbial community present in combined endodontic-periodontal lesions is complex and more diverse than previously reported. It is important to note that bacteria do survive in some root canals after CMP. Finally, the similarity between the microbiota of both sites, before and after CMP, suggests there may be a pathway of infection between the pulp and periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P F A Gomes
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Vanessa B Berber
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis S Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Yang J, Summanen PH, Henning SM, Hsu M, Lam H, Huang J, Tseng CH, Dowd SE, Finegold SM, Heber D, Li Z. Xylooligosaccharide supplementation alters gut bacteria in both healthy and prediabetic adults: a pilot study. Front Physiol 2015; 6:216. [PMID: 26300782 PMCID: PMC4528259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that gut microbiota is altered in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. OBJECTIVE This study was to evaluate the effect of the prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS) on the gut microbiota in both healthy and prediabetic (Pre-DM) subjects, as well as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Pre-DM. SUBJECTS/METHODS Pre-DM (n = 13) or healthy (n = 16) subjects were randomized to receive 2 g/day XOS or placebo for 8-weeks. In Pre-DM subjects, body composition and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done at baseline and week 8. Stool from Pre-DM and healthy subjects at baseline and week 8 was analyzed for gut microbiota characterization using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. RESULTS We identified 40 Pre-DM associated bacterial taxa. Among them, the abundance of the genera Enterorhabdus, Howardella, and Slackia was higher in Pre-DM. XOS significantly decreased or reversed the increase in abundance of Howardella, Enterorhabdus, and Slackia observed in healthy or Pre-DM subjects. Abundance of the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica was lower in pre-DM subjects, while XOS increased its abundance. In Pre-DM, XOS showed a tendency to reduce OGTT 2-h insulin levels (P = 0.13), but had no effect on body composition, HOMA-IR, serum glucose, triglyceride, satiety hormones, and TNFα. CONCLUSION This is the first clinical observation of modifications of the gut microbiota by XOS in both healthy and Pre-DM subjects in a pilot study. Prebiotic XOS may be beneficial in reversing changes in the gut microbiota during the development of diabetes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01944904 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01944904).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula H Summanen
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA West Los Angeles Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Hsu
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heiman Lam
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Department of Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scot E Dowd
- MR DNA Molecular Research LP Shallowwater, TX, USA
| | - Sydney M Finegold
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Provenzano JC, Rôças IN, Tavares LFD, Neves BC, Siqueira JF. Short-chain Fatty Acids in Infected Root Canals of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis before and after Treatment. J Endod 2015; 41:831-5. [PMID: 25799538 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial metabolic end products that may function as virulence factors. This study evaluated the occurrence of SCFAs in infected root canals before and after treatment. METHODS Samples were taken from root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis before (S1) and after (S2) chemomechanical preparation with either NaOCl or chlorhexidine as the irrigant and then after interappointment medication with calcium hydroxide (S3). High-performance liquid chromatography was used for detection of SCFAs. Selected bacterial taxa that are recognized producers of the target SCFAs were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Butyric acid was the most common fatty acid in S1, followed by propionic acid. Both molecules were also found in S2 and S3 from both NaOCl and chlorhexidine groups. Lactic acid was not present in detectable levels in S1, but it occurred in 1 postinstrumentation sample and in 9 samples taken after calcium hydroxide medication. Of the target taxa, Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most prevalent in S1 (76%), followed by members of the Actinobacteria phylum (71%), Streptococcus species (59%), and Parvimonas micra (53%). Gram-positive taxa, especially streptococci, were the most prevalent bacteria in S2 and S3. SCFA detection was matched with the respective potential producer species in most cases. CONCLUSIONS This first report of SCFAs in infected root canals suggests that these molecules may play a role in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. Significance of persistence of SCFAs after treatment and its effects on the long-term outcome await elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Claudio Provenzano
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando D Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Proteins, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Cruz Neves
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Proteins, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ricucci D, Siqueira JF, Lopes WSP, Vieira AR, Rôças IN. Extraradicular infection as the cause of persistent symptoms: a case series. J Endod 2014; 41:265-73. [PMID: 25282379 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article describes 3 cases that presented persistent symptoms after appropriate endodontic treatment. Histopathologic and histobacteriologic investigation were conducted for determination of the cause. METHODS Three cases are reported that presented with persistent symptoms after endodontic retreatment (cases 1 and 2) or treatment (case 3). Periapical surgery was indicated and performed in these cases. The biopsy specimens, consisting of root apices and the apical periodontitis lesions, were subjected to histopathologic and histobacteriologic analyses. RESULTS Case 1 was an apical cyst with necrotic debris, heavily colonized by ramifying bacteria, in the lumen. No bacteria were found in the apical root canal system. Case 2 was a granuloma displaying numerous bacterial aggregations through the inflammatory tissue. Infection was also present in the dentinal tubules at the apical root canal. Case 3 was a cyst with bacterial colonies floating in its lumen; bacterial biofilms were also seen on the external apical root surface, filling a large lateral canal and other apical ramifications, and between layers of cementum detached from the root surface. No bacteria were detected in the main root canal. CONCLUSIONS Different forms of extraradicular infection were associated with symptoms in these cases, leading to short-term endodontic failure only solved by periapical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José F Siqueira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Weber S P Lopes
- Specialization Course, Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adalberto R Vieira
- Specialization Course, Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Parahitiyawa NB, Chu FCS, Leung WK, Yam WC, Jin LJ, Samaranayake LP. Clonality of bacterial consortia in root canals and subjacent gingival crevices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:32-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nipuna B. Parahitiyawa
- Department of Oral Bio-Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Frederick C. S. Chu
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai K. Leung
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wing C. Yam
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Li Jian Jin
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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Microbial Diversity in Persistent Root Canal Infections Investigated by Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization. J Endod 2014; 40:899-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions in endodontic microbiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. As-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria: breadth and association with oral and extra-oral diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2013; 5:21077. [PMID: 23717756 PMCID: PMC3664057 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v5i0.21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that 40–60% of the bacteria found in different healthy and diseased oral sites still remain to be grown in vitro, phenotypically characterized, and formally named as species. The possibility exists that these as-yet-uncultivated bacteria play important ecological roles in oral bacterial communities and may participate in the pathogenesis of several oral infectious diseases. There is also a potential for these as-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria to take part in extra-oral infections. For a comprehensive characterization of physiological and pathogenic properties as well as antimicrobial susceptibility of individual bacterial species, strains need to be grown in pure culture. Advances in culturing techniques have allowed the cultivation of several oral bacterial taxa only previously known by a 16S rRNA gene sequence signature, and novel species have been proposed. There is a growing need for developing improved methods to cultivate and characterize the as-yet-uncultivated portion of the oral microbiome so as to unravel its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Heller D, Varela VM, Silva-Senem MXE, Torres MCB, Feres-Filho EJ, Colombo APV. Impact of systemic antimicrobials combined with anti-infective mechanical debridement on the microbiota of generalized aggressive periodontitis: a 6-month RCT. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:355-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Castellanos Monedero JJ, Prieto Gómez E, Carranza González R. Neumonía por Dialister pneumosintes en un paciente con EPOC. Arch Bronconeumol 2010; 46:663-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Distinctive features of the microbiota associated with different forms of apical periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2009; 1. [PMID: 21523208 PMCID: PMC3077003 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v1i0.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms infecting the dental root canal system play an unequivocal role as causative agents of apical periodontitis. Although fungi, archaea, and viruses have been found in association with some forms of apical periodontitis, bacteria are the main microbial etiologic agents of this disease. Bacteria colonizing the root canal are usually organized in communities similar to biofilm structures. Culture and molecular biology technologies have demonstrated that the endodontic bacterial communities vary in species richness and abundance depending on the different types of infection and different forms of apical periodontitis. This review paper highlights the distinctive features of the endodontic microbiota associated with diverse clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Parahitiyawa NB, Scully C, Leung WK, Yam WC, Jin LJ, Samaranayake LP. Exploring the oral bacterial flora: current status and future directions. Oral Dis 2009; 16:136-45. [PMID: 19627515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The oral cavity forms an indispensable part of the human microbiome, for its unique and diverse microflora distributed within various niches. While majority of these organisms exhibit commensalism, shifts in bacterial community dynamics cause pathological changes within oral cavity and distant sites. The aim of this review was to appraise the current and emerging methods of detecting bacteria of the oral cavity paying particular attention to the cultivation independent methods. DESIGN Literature pertaining to cultivation based and cultivation independent methods of oral bacterial identification was reviewed. METHODS The specific advantages and disadvantages of cultivation based, microscopic, immunological and metagenomic identification methods were appraised. RESULTS Because of their fastidious and exacting growth requirements, cultivation based studies grossly underestimate the extent of bacterial diversity in these polymicrobial infections. Culture independent methods deemed more sensitive in identifying difficult to culture and novel bacterial species. CONCLUSION Apart from characterizing potentially novel bacterial species, the nucleic acid sequence data analyzed using various bioinformatics protocols have revealed that there are in excess of 700 bacterial species inhabiting the mouth. Moreover, the latest pyrosequencing based methods have further broadened the extent of bacterial diversity in oral niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Parahitiyawa
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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Abstract
The diversity of spirochetes in primary endodontic infections of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis or acute apical abscesses was investigated using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. The prevalences of three common cultivable oral Treponema species were also determined using species-specific nested PCR. All detected spirochetes belonged to the genus Treponema. Overall, 28 different taxa were identified from the 431 clones sequenced: 9 cultivable and validly named species, 1 cultivable as-yet-uncharacterized strain, and 18 as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes, 17 of which were novel. The large majority of clones (94%) were from cultivable named species. The numbers of Treponema species/phylotypes per selected positive sample ranged from 2 to 12. Species-specific nested PCR detected T. denticola, T. socranskii, and T. maltophilum in 59 (66%), 33 (37%), and 26 (29%) of the 90 cases of primary endodontic infections, respectively. Clone library analysis revealed diverse Treponema species/phylotypes as part of the microbiota associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic (abscess) endodontic infections. Although several as-yet-uncultivated Treponema phylotypes were disclosed, including novel taxa, cultivable named species were more abundant and frequently detected.
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Abstract
Samples from infected root canals of 43 teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were analyzed for the presence and relative levels of 83 oral bacterial species and/or phylotypes using a reverse-capture checkerboard hybridization assay. Associations between the most frequently detected taxa were also recorded. The most prevalent taxa were Olsenella uli (74%), Eikenella corrodens (63%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (56%), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (54%), and Bacteroidetes oral clone X083 (51%). When prevalence was considered only for bacteria present at levels >10(5), Bacteroidetes clone X083 was the most frequently isolated bacterium (37%), followed by Parvimonas micra (28%), E. corrodens (23%), and Tannerella forsythia (19%). The number of target taxa per canal was directly proportional to the size of the apical periodontitis lesion, with lesions >10 mm in diameter harboring a mean number of approximately 20 taxa. Several positive associations for the most prevalent taxa were disclosed for the first time and may have important ecological and pathogenic implications. In addition to strengthening the association of several cultivable named species with chronic apical periodontitis, the present findings using a large-scale analysis allowed the inclusion of some newly named species and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes in the set of candidate pathogens associated with this disease.
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Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:4498-501. [PMID: 17923492 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00538-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-four strains representing the four species of the genus Dialister were isolated from various clinical samples. Dialister pneumosintes and Dialister micraerophilus were the two mainly encountered species. Fifty-five isolates were tested against 14 antimicrobial agents. Decreased susceptibilities to piperacillin, metronidazole, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and rifampin were demonstrated. The clinical impact of these decreased susceptibilities remains to be investigated but should prompt microbiologists to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing for clinically important Dialister spp.
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Ferraro CTL, Gornic C, Barbosa AS, Peixoto RJM, Colombo APV. Detection of Dialister pneumosintes in the subgingival biofilm of subjects with periodontal disease. Anaerobe 2007; 13:244-8. [PMID: 17980633 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dialister pneumosintes has been indicated as a potentially new periodontopathic species. This study evaluated the prevalence of this microorganism in saliva and subgingival biofilm from subjects with different periodontal conditions. Subgingival biofilm and saliva samples from 48 subjects with periodontal health (PH) and 116 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were obtained. DNA was extracted from the samples and the presence of D. pneumosintes was determined by PCR. Differences in clinical parameters and frequency of D. pneumosintes between groups were sought by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Overall, D. pneumosintes was detected in 47.8% of the biofilm samples, but only in 3% of saliva samples. CP patients presented a significantly greater mean prevalence of this species in sites with periodontal health and periodontal infection (43.5+/-7.4% and 62.1+/-6.4%, respectively) than PH subjects (29.4+/-7.9%) (Mann-Whitney; p<0.01). Moreover, significant associations between the prevalence of D. pneumosintes and pocket depth (p=0.001), attachment loss (p=0.001) and bleeding on probing (GLM, p=0.014) were observed after adjusting for age and gender. These findings corroborate the association of D. pneumosintes with periodontitis.
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