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Rodas-Junco BA, Hernández-Solís SE, Serralta-Interian AA, Rueda-Gordillo F. Dental Stem Cells and Lipopolysaccharides: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4338. [PMID: 38673923 PMCID: PMC11049850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental tissue stem cells (DTSCs) are well known for their multipotent capacity and regenerative potential. They also play an important role in the immune response of inflammatory processes derived from caries lesions, periodontitis, and gingivitis. These oral diseases are triggered by toxins known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced by gram-negative bacteria. LPS present molecular patterns associated with pathogens and are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in dental stem cells. In this review, we describe the effect of LPS on the biological behavior of DTSCs. We also focus on the molecular sensors, signaling pathways, and emerging players participating in the interaction of DTSCs with lipopolysaccharides. Although the scientific advances generated provide an understanding of the immunomodulatory potential of DTSCs, there are still new reflections to explore with regard to their clinical application in the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco
- CONAHCYT–Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida CP 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Células Troncales de la Cavidad Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Sandra E. Hernández-Solís
- Departamento de Microbiología Oral y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (S.E.H.-S.); (F.R.-G.)
| | - Angelica A. Serralta-Interian
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Células Troncales de la Cavidad Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida CP 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Florencio Rueda-Gordillo
- Departamento de Microbiología Oral y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (S.E.H.-S.); (F.R.-G.)
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Bucchi C, Bucchi A, Martínez-Rodríguez P. Biological properties of stem cells from the apical papilla exposed to lipopolysaccharides: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 159:105876. [PMID: 38181490 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the biological properties of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), such as viability, adhesion to dentin, odontoblast-like differentiation, mineralization, and release of immunomodulatory cytokines. DESIGN SCAPs were isolated from immature teeth of three donors (10 to 15 years old) and cultured in mineralizing media with or without 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were seeded and cultured under standardized conditions; viability was assessed by MTT assay on days 1, 3, 5, and 7; adhesion to dentin was analyzed using an environmental scanning electron microscope after 2 days; the expression of odontogenic and mineralization genes (DSPP, DMP-1, OCN, Col1A1) was evaluated through qPCR after 14 days, mineralization was evaluated with alizarin red staining after 21 days; and the release of immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) was measured by ELISA after 1 and 7 days. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to detect the effect of LPS on SCAPs, followed by the Dunn-Sidak test. RESULTS LPS presence in the culture media affected SCAPs viability on day 5 and increased IL-6 secretion by day 7, however, SCAPs retained the adhesion to dentin and mineralization capacities, as well as the differentiation capacity into a mineralizing phenotype. CONCLUSION In conclusion, within the limitations of this in vitro study, and under the inflammatory microenvironment simulated in this study, stem cells from the apical papilla were found with retained adhesion capacity to dentin, differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype, mineralization, and release of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bucchi
- Integral Adult Dentistry Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Oral Biology Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Ana Bucchi
- Integral Adult Dentistry Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Teawcharoensopa C, Srisuwan T. The potential use of ascorbic acid to recover the cellular senescence of lipopolysaccharide-induced human apical papilla cells: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:49. [PMID: 38153550 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cellular senescence induction of human apical papilla cells (hAPCs) and evaluate the potential use of 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid to recover cellular senescence and regenerative functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS hAPCs were treated with LPS at 1 and 10 μg/ml either with or without 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid for 48 h. The cellular senescence biomarkers were analyzed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and senescence-related gene expression, p16 and p21. Cell migration, at 12 h and 24 h, was evaluated using a scratch wound assay. Mineralization potential was assessed at 21 days using Alizarin red S staining and dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression. RESULTS 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml LPS stimulation for 48 h induced cellular senescence, as shown by remarkable SA-β-gal staining and p16 and p21 gene expression. The percentage of wound closure and mineralized formation was reduced. The co-incubation with ascorbic acid significantly down-regulated the level of SA-β-gal staining. The reduction of senescence-associated gene expressions was observed. Ascorbic acid improved cell migration, mineralized nodule formation, and the expression of DSPP and BSP genes in LPS-treated hAPCs. CONCLUSIONS LPS significantly promoted cellular senescence on hAPCs and diminished the cell function capacity. Co-presence of ascorbic acid could impede cellular senescence and possibly improve the regenerative capacity of LPS-induced senescent hAPCs in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The data support the in vitro potential benefit of ascorbic acid on cellular senescence recovery of apical papilla cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chananporn Teawcharoensopa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, TH, Thailand
- Sikhoraphum Hospital Dental Department, Surin, TH, Thailand
| | - Tanida Srisuwan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, TH, Thailand.
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Smoczer C, Park YK, Herrington JB, Askar MA, Plecha S, Krukonis E, Paurazas SB. A Potential Intracanal Medicament, 2-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid (HICA): Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Its Effect on SCAP Differentiation. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:270. [PMID: 38132408 PMCID: PMC10743052 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracanal medicaments with maximal antimicrobial efficacy and minimal damage to resident stem cells are essential for successful regenerative endodontic procedures. 2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) could have the attributes of a potential intracanal medicament. This study evaluates its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and effects on the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). Cytotoxicity and cell viability assays were performed on cells treated for 24, 48, and 72 h with varying concentrations of HICA and compared to the standard intracanal medicament, calcium hydroxide. The genotoxicity was assessed via immunofluorescence for two markers of DNA double-strand breaks: phosphorylated γH2AX and 53BP1. The SCAP differentiation was evaluated based on the alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red staining, and expression of odontogenic and osteogenic genes (DSPP1, BSP1, OCN, RUNX2) in the presence of selected HICA concentrations. HICA was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 10 mg/mL, regardless of the exposure time, although it was cytostatic at all tested concentrations. HICA was not genotoxic at concentrations below 5 mg/mL. No difference in cytotoxicity or genotoxicity was found between HICA and calcium hydroxide at 1 mg/mL. HICA retained about 70% of the osteogenic differentiation potential at 1 mg/mL. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we show that HICA at 1 mg/mL could be a potential intracanal medicament for REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Smoczer
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Yun K. Park
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - James B. Herrington
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - Mazin A. Askar
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - Sarah Plecha
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eric Krukonis
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Susan B. Paurazas
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
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Liu Q, Gao Y, He J. Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (SCAPs): Past, Present, Prospects, and Challenges. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2047. [PMID: 37509686 PMCID: PMC10377451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental diseases occurring on young permanent teeth usually lead to the premature arrest of tooth root development. Sustained tooth root elongation is necessary to achieve the goal of long-term preservation of affected teeth. To this end, stem cell-based regenerative endodontic treatment has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies for treating young permanent teeth with pulp and periapical infections. Endogenous stem cells residing in the apical papilla, named stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), have been intensively investigated due to their critical roles in pulp regeneration and root redevelopment. The present review summarizes advances in the field of SCAPs studies and discusses the challenges that need to be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Li FC, Kishen A. 3D Organoids for Regenerative Endodontics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:900. [PMID: 37371480 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is the inflammation and destruction of periradicular tissues, mediated by microbial factors originating from the infected pulp space. This bacteria-mediated inflammatory disease is known to interfere with root development in immature permanent teeth. Current research on interventions in immature teeth has been dedicated to facilitating the continuation of root development as well as regenerating the dentin-pulp complex, but the fundamental knowledge on the cellular interactions and the role of periapical mediators in apical periodontitis in immature roots that govern the disease process and post-treatment healing is limited. The limitations in 2D monolayer cell culture have a substantial role in the existing limitations of understanding cell-to-cell interactions in the pulpal and periapical tissues. Three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs with two or more different cell populations are a better physiological representation of in vivo environment. These systems allow the high-throughput testing of multi-cell interactions and can be applied to study the interactions between stem cells and immune cells, including the role of mediators/cytokines in simulated environments. Well-designed 3D models are critical for understanding cellular functions and interactions in disease and healing processes for future therapeutic optimization in regenerative endodontics. This narrative review covers the fundamentals of (1) the disease process of apical periodontitis; (2) the influence and challenges of regeneration in immature roots; (3) the introduction of and crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages; (4) 3D cell culture techniques and their applications for studying cellular interactions in the pulpal and periapical tissues; (5) current investigations on cellular interactions in regenerative endodontics; and, lastly, (6) the dental-pulp organoid developed for regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chi Li
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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Razghonova Y, Zymovets V, Wadelius P, Rakhimova O, Manoharan L, Brundin M, Kelk P, Romani Vestman N. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Modulation of Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla by Species Associated with Dental Root Canal Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214420. [PMID: 36430898 PMCID: PMC9695896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of oral bacteria with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) can negatively affect the success of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Through RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis, we studied the effect of the oral bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as their supernatants enriched by bacterial metabolites, on the osteo- and dentinogenic potential of SCAPs in vitro. We performed bulk RNA-seq, on the basis of which differential expression analysis (DEG) and gene ontology enrichment analysis (GO) were performed. DEG analysis showed that E. faecalis supernatant had the greatest effect on SCAPs, whereas F. nucleatum supernatant had the least effect (Tanimoto coefficient = 0.05). GO term enrichment analysis indicated that F. nucleatum upregulates the immune and inflammatory response of SCAPs, and E. faecalis suppresses cell proliferation and cell division processes. SCAP transcriptome profiles showed that under the influence of E. faecalis the upregulation of VEGFA, Runx2, and TBX3 genes occurred, which may negatively affect the SCAP's osteo- and odontogenic differentiation. F. nucleatum downregulates the expression of WDR5 and TBX2 and upregulates the expression of TBX3 and NFIL3 in SCAPs, the upregulation of which may be detrimental for SCAPs' differentiation potential. In conclusion, the present study shows that in vitro, F. nucleatum, E. faecalis, and their metabolites are capable of up- or downregulating the expression of genes that are necessary for dentinogenic and osteogenic processes to varying degrees, which eventually may result in unsuccessful RET outcomes. Transposition to the clinical context merits some reservations, which should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelyzaveta Razghonova
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Mechnikov National University, 65000 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Valeriia Zymovets
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Philip Wadelius
- Department of Endodontics, Region of Västerbotten, 90189 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olena Rakhimova
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lokeshwaran Manoharan
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Brundin
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peyman Kelk
- Section for Anatomy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nelly Romani Vestman
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Meneses CCB, Diogenes A, Sipert CR. Endocannabinoids modulate production of osteoclastogenic factors by stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro. J Endod 2022; 48:1511-1516. [PMID: 36174776 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many mediators are produced during pulp inflammation and necrosis, including endocannabinoids (ECbs), which might affect the function of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), cells of paramount importance for root formation and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of osteoclastogenesis-related mediators by SCAP, modulated by ECbs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. METHODS SCAP were cultured and treated with ECbs anandamide (AEA), 2-A arachidonoylglycerol or N-arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404). All groups were incubated in the presence of vehicle or LPS and the antagonist of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV-1), capsazepine (CPZ). After 24 h, the culture medium supernatants were collected for further quantification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CCL2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). RESULTS Small amounts of TNF-α and RANKL were detected in SCAP supernatants, and none of the experimental conditions altered their production. A downregulation in constitutive CCL2 production was observed in the AEA group compared to that in the LPS group. The production of M-CSF was significantly increased in all groups treated with AEA compared to the control and LPS-treated groups. OPG was significantly increased by AEA alone and by 2AG and AM404 in presence of LPS and CPZ. CONCLUSIONS AEA modulate some of the osteoclastogenic factors produced by SCAP in a bone resorption-protective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C B Meneses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - C R Sipert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Comparative effects of concentrated growth factors on the biological characteristics of periodontal ligament cells and stem cells from apical papilla. J Endod 2022; 48:1029-1037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li FC, Shahin-Shamsabadi A, Selvaganapathy PR, Kishen A. Engineering a novel stem cells from apical papilla - macrophages organoid for regenerative endodontics. J Endod 2022; 48:741-748. [PMID: 35245579 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three-dimension (3D) tissue-construct with a heterogeneous cell population is critical to understand the interactions between immune cells and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) in the periapical region for developing treatment strategies in regenerative endodontics. This study aims to develop and characterize a 3D tissue-construct with binary cell system for studying the interactions between SCAP and macrophages in presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS - pro-inflammatory) and interleukin-4 (IL-4 - anti-inflammatory) environments. METHODS SCAP and macrophages were seeded in the 3D printed dumbbell-shaped molds to generate tissue-constructs with binary cell population. Two experimental (LPS and IL-4) and control (non-stimulation) conditions were applied to the tissue-constructs to determine the characteristics of the tissue-construct, volume of viable cells and their morphology using a confocal laser scanning microscopy from 0 to 7 days period. Experiments were conducted in triplicates and data were analyzed with trend analysis and two-way analysis of variance at the significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS The tissue-constructs revealed distinct SCAP-macrophage interaction in pro-/anti-inflammatory environments. SCAP displayed characteristic self-organization as a cap-shaped structure in the tissue-construct. The growth of cells and cell-to-cell as well as cell-to-matrix interactions resulted in 70% and 30% decreased dimension of the tissue graft on the SCAP side and macrophage side respectively at day 7 (p < 0.0001). The tissue environments influenced macrophages-SCAP interactions, resulting in altered viable cell volume (p < 0.05), morphology and structural organization. CONCLUSIONS This study developed and characterized an apical papilla organoid in a 3D collagen based tissue-construct for studying SCAP-macrophage crosstalk in tissue regeneration as well as repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chi Li
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
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Shoushrah SH, Transfeld JL, Tonk CH, Büchner D, Witzleben S, Sieber MA, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Sinking Our Teeth in Getting Dental Stem Cells to Clinics for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6387. [PMID: 34203719 PMCID: PMC8232184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells have been isolated from the medical waste of various dental tissues. They have been characterized by numerous markers, which are evaluated herein and differentiated into multiple cell types. They can also be used to generate cell lines and iPSCs for long-term in vitro research. Methods for utilizing these stem cells including cellular systems such as organoids or cell sheets, cell-free systems such as exosomes, and scaffold-based approaches with and without drug release concepts are reported in this review and presented with new pictures for clarification. These in vitro applications can be deployed in disease modeling and subsequent pharmaceutical research and also pave the way for tissue regeneration. The main focus herein is on the potential of dental stem cells for hard tissue regeneration, especially bone, by evaluating their potential for osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of these two processes by growth factors and environmental stimulators. Current in vitro and in vivo publications show numerous benefits of using dental stem cells for research purposes and hard tissue regeneration. However, only a few clinical trials currently exist. The goal of this review is to pinpoint this imbalance and encourage scientists to pick up this research and proceed one step further to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig- Strasse. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (S.H.S.); (J.L.T.); (C.H.T.); (D.B.); (S.W.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.)
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Banavar SR, Rawal SY, Pulikkotil SJ, Daood U, Paterson IC, Davamani FA, Kajiya M, Kurihara H, Khoo SP, Tan EL. 3D Clumps/Extracellular Matrix Complexes of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Ameliorate the Attenuating Effects of LPS on Proliferation and Osteogenic Potential. J Pers Med 2021; 11:528. [PMID: 34207600 PMCID: PMC8227185 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) of MSCs have been frequently studied. OBJECTIVE to compare the effects of LPS on periodontal-ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) in monolayer and 3D culture. METHODS The PDLSCs were colorimetrically assessed for proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) after LPS treatment. The 3D cells were manually prepared by scratching and allowing them to clump up. The clumps (C-MSCs) were treated with LPS and assessed for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and OP. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze calcium salts, DNA, and proline/hydroxyproline. Multiplexed ELISA was performed to assess LPS induced local inflammation. RESULTS The proliferation of PDLSCs decreased with LPS. On Day 28, LPS-treated cells showed a reduction in their OP. C-MSCs with LPS did not show a decrease in ATP production. Principal bands identified in Raman analysis were the P-O bond at 960 cm-1 of the mineral component, 785 cm-1, and 855 cm-1 showing qualitative changes in OP, proliferation, and proline/hydroxyproline content, respectively. ELISA confirmed increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 but with the absence of TNF-α and IL-1β secretion. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate that C-MSCs are more resistant to the effects of LPS than cells in monolayer cell culture. Though LPS stimulation of C-MSCs creates an early pro-inflammatory milieu by secreting IL-6 and IL-8, PDLSCs possess inactivated TNF promoter and an ineffective caspase-1 activating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Swati Yeshwant Rawal
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University, 1250 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil
- Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.J.P.); (U.D.)
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.J.P.); (U.D.)
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Dental Academy, 1-6-2 Higashiyanagi, Kudamatsu City 744-0017, Japan;
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Eng Lai Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
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13
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Wang MC, Tu HF, Chang KW, Lin SC, Yeh LY, Hung PS. The molecular functions of Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflamed dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1317-1327. [PMID: 33711171 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation response and the underlying mechanisms that occur in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflamed dental pulp cells (DPCs) in contact with Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODOLOGY The DPCs were isolated from three healthy donors and named DPC-H1 to DPC-H3. The DPCs were pre-cultured with 2 or 5 μg mL-1 LPS for 24 h to induce inflammation. The expression of inflammation marker miR-146a was detected by q-PCR. The normal and LPS-induced DPCs were further treated with 0.14 mg mL-1 Biodentine or 0.13 mg mL-1 MTA for 24 h. MTT assay and adhesion assay were used to analyse the changes of cell phenotypes. DSPP, AKT and ERK expressions were detected by Western blotting. The data were analysed by Mann-Whitney test or two-way anova. Differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. RESULTS In LPS-induced DPCs, Biodentine and MTA treatment neither induced nor aggravated LPS-induced inflammation, but their presence did increase the expression of the odontogenic differentiation marker DSPP. Under 2 or 5 μg mL-1 LPS-induced inflammation, Biodentine and MTA promoted the proliferation of DPC cells, and significantly in DPC-H2 (P < 0.0001 for both reagents). With the treatment of 2 μg mL-1 LPS, the cell adhesion of DPCs on the fibronectin-coated culture plates was increased significantly by Biodentine (P = 0.0413) and MTA (P < 0.0001). Biodentine and MTA regulated cell adhesion on the fibronectin-coated culture plates (P < 0.0001 for both reagents) and proliferation (P < 0.0001 for both reagents) via the AKT pathway. However, the AKT pathway was not involved in the expression of DSPP induced by Biodentine and MTA. CONCLUSION Biodentine and MTA enhanced the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation of LPS-induced DPCs. The proliferation and adhesion process induced by Biodentine and MTA was via the AKT pathway. However, the cellular differentiation process might not use the same pathway, and this needs to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Dentistry, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H F Tu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - K W Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S C Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L Y Yeh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P S Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
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Soudi A, Yazdanian M, Ranjbar R, Tebyanian H, Yazdanian A, Tahmasebi E, Keshvad A, Seifalian A. Role and application of stem cells in dental regeneration: A comprehensive overview. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:454-489. [PMID: 33746673 PMCID: PMC7975587 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a growing attention has been observed toward potential advantages of stem cell (SC)-based therapies in regenerative treatments. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are now considered excellent candidates for tissue replacement therapies and tissue engineering. Autologous MSCs importantly contribute to the state-of-the-art clinical strategies for SC-based alveolar bone regeneration. The donor cells and immune cells play a prominent role in determining the clinical success of MSCs therapy. In line with the promising future that stem cell therapy has shown for tissue engineering applications, dental stem cells have also attracted the attention of the relevant researchers in recent years. The current literature review aims to survey the variety and extension of SC-application in tissue-regenerative dentistry. In this regard, the relevant English written literature was searched using keywords: "tissue engineering", "stem cells", "dental stem cells", and "dentistry strategies". According to the available database, SCs application has become increasingly widespread because of its accessibility, plasticity, and high proliferative ability. Among the growing recognized niches and tissues containing higher SCs, dental tissues are evidenced to be rich sources of MSCs. According to the literature, dental SCs are mostly present in the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle tissues. In this regard, the present review has described the recent findings on the potential of dental stem cells to be used in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Soudi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdanian
- Department of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Keshvad
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
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15
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Aguilar P, Mahanonda R, Sa-Ard-Iam N, Lertchirakarn V. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of apical papilla cells from early and late stage of root development. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:281-289. [PMID: 33296134 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide on cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of apical papilla cells from early and late stage of root development. After challenging with various lipopolysaccharide concentrations to apical papilla cells from both stages of root development for 168 h, cell proliferation and migration were investigated. Osteogenic differentiation was examined by Alizarin red staining, and gene expressions of bone/cementum or dentin-related genes were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Lipopolysaccharide did not affect cell proliferation and migration in both groups. Lipopolysaccharide at 1 and 5 µg mL-1 increased Alizarin red staining in apical papilla cells from early-stage but not the late-stage cells. Bone sialoprotein (bone/cementum marker) gene expression increased in both early and late stage of root development at 5 µg mL-1 . These results might explain bone/cementum generation in regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panuroot Aguilar
- Oral Biology Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rangsini Mahanonda
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Sa-Ard-Iam
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veera Lertchirakarn
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology and, RU on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Fehrmann C, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Toll-like Receptor Expression Profile of Human Stem/Progenitor Cells Form the Apical Papilla. J Endod 2020; 46:1623-1630. [PMID: 32827509 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem/progenitor cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) demonstrate remarkable regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. During their regenerative events, SCAPs, similar to other stem/progenitor cells, could interact with their local inflammatory microenvironment via their expressed toll-like receptors (TLRs). The present study aimed to describe for the first time the unique TLR expression profile of SCAPs. METHODS Cells were isolated from the apical papilla of extracted wisdom teeth (n = 8), STRO-1 immunomagnetically sorted, and cultured to obtain single colony-forming units. The expression of CD14, 34, 45, 73, 90, and 105 were characterized on the SCAPs, and their multilineage differentiation potential was examined to prove their multipotent aptitude. After their incubation in basic or inflammatory medium (25 ng/mL interleukin 1 beta, 103 U/mL interferon gamma, 50 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor alpha, and 3 × 103 U/mL interferon alpha), a TLR expression profile for SCAPs under uninflamed as well as inflamed conditions was respectively generated. RESULTS SCAPs demonstrated all predefined stem/progenitor cell characteristics. In basic medium, SCAPs expressed TLRs 1-10. The inflammatory microenvironment up-regulated the expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR9 and down-regulated the expression of TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR10 in SCAPs under the inflamed condition. CONCLUSIONS The present study defines for the first time a distinctive TLR expression profile for SCAPs under uninflamed and inflamed conditions. This profile could greatly impact SCAP responsiveness to their inflammatory microenvironmental agents under regenerative conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fehrmann
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany; Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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17
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Pizzatto LN, Meneses CCB, Diniz EA, Dionísio TJ, Santos CF, Sipert CR. Angiotensin II Regulates Proliferation and Function of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. J Endod 2020; 46:810-817. [PMID: 32331838 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP) may be affected by inflammatory mediators released by activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from infected pulpal cavities of necrotic immature teeth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the modulation of SCAP in vitro. METHODS Primary cultures of SCAP were incubated with LPS (0.1-10 μg/mL) for cell viability and quantification of the chemokine CCL2. Components of RAS were searched by gene expression of angiotensinogen (AGTN), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), renin, angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) and 2 (AT2), and Mas receptor. Ang II was investigated in SCAP supernatants. Immunofluorescence was used to detect AGTN and AT1. Next, cells were treated with Ang II for viability/proliferation assessment, quantification of CCL2 and interleukin 6, and mineralization assay. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance using Tukey post hoc comparisons or the Student t test. P values <.05 were considered to be significant. RESULTS LPS increased CCL2 production at 1 and 10 μg/mL. The gene expression of AGTN, renin, ACE, and AT1 was detected, but only ACE was increased by LPS. Ang II peptide was found in SCAP supernatants but unaltered by LPS. Both AGTN and AT1 proteins were detected by immunostaining. Ang II significantly induced SCAP proliferation, increased CCL2 production, down-regulated IL-6 release, and reduced the SCAP mineralization rate. CONCLUSIONS A local RAS was found at the apical papilla, and Ang II was able to modulate SCAP function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Nicolay Pizzatto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C B Meneses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa A Diniz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carla R Sipert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Lei S, Liu XM, Liu Y, Bi J, Zhu S, Chen X. Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates the Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells From Apical Papilla by Inducing Autophagy. J Endod 2020; 46:502-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kukreti H, Li FC, Singh K, Sodhi R, Kishen A. Efficacy of bioactive nanoparticles on tissue-endotoxin induced suppression of stem cell viability, migration and differentiation. Int Endod J 2020; 53:859-870. [PMID: 32068891 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated dentine tissue model (LPS dentine) to analyse the efficacy of polycationic chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp) and/or dexamethasone conjugate chitosan nanoparticles (Dex-CSnp) on the viability/differentiation potential of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) when exposed to LPS dentine. A further aim was to understand the effect of macrophage-dependent inflammation on SCAP migration in the presence of LPS dentine. METHODOLOGY A total of 88 dentine slabs were used. TOF-SIMS analysis was performed amongst the LPS-treated and untreated dentine groups (n = 2/group). The study was conducted using four dentine groups: no treatment (control); LPS treatment only; LPS treatment followed by CSnp conditioning; and LPS treatment followed by Dex-CSnp conditioning groups. SCAP adherence, viability, differentiation and biomineralization potential on dentine from different groups were studied using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. Inflammation by macrophages in response to LPS dentine was quantified, and effect on SCAP migration was analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test with a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULT TOF-SIMS analysis confirmed LPS contamination. LPS dentine affected SCAP viability but not adherence to dentine (P < 0.001). Conditioning of LPS dentine with either nanoparticles improved SCAP viability (P < 0.01) and rescued other LPS related adverse effects on SCAPs, such as F-actin disruption, decrease in differentiation/biomineralization potential. IL-6 produced by macrophages in response to LPS-treated dentine impeded SCAP migration (P < 0.001), diminished on CSnp and Dex-CSnp conditioning groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study developed an LPS-dentine model and highlighted the ability of CSnp and Dex-CSnp to promote stem cell viability, migration, differentiation potential and reduce inflammation, providing an environment conducive for tissue regeneration/repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kukreti
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F-C Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Singh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Sodhi
- Ontario Centre for the Characterization of Advanced Materials (OCCAM), Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Meneses CCB, Pizzatto LN, Andrade FFF, Sipert CR. Prostaglandin E2 Affects Interleukin 6 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1/CCL2 Production by Cultured Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. J Endod 2020; 46:413-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Zeng W, Zhang Y, Duan F, Lin T, Liu X, Li D, Wu K. Lipopolysaccharide enhances human herpesvirus 1 replication and IL-6 release in epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2020; 140:103961. [PMID: 31904451 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) infection in epithelial cells. METHODS Two strains of HHV-1, HHV-1 F strain (HHV-1f) and HHV-1 strain-H129 with GFP knock-in (HHV-g4), were used to infect HCE-T and VERO cells at MOIs of 0.04 and 0.02, respectively. After 1 h, 0, 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml LPS was added to serum-free medium and the cells were cultured for up to 24 h. GFP fluorescence of HHV-g4 in cells was examined under a fluorescence microscope and imaged. HHV-1f titer was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in HCE-T cells and plaque assays in VERO cells. The expression of the viral ICP4 protein of HHV-1f was detected by Western blot assay. IL-6 and IL-10 levels in culture medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Similar changes but at different degrees were found in HCE-T and VERO cells that were infected with HHV-1. GFP fluorescence of HHV-g4 and cell lesions increased in a dose-dependent manner. Virus titer was also enhanced by LPS stimulation in HCE-T and VERO cells. ICP4 expression was promoted at higher LPS concentrations (P = 0.04). In addition, viral infection resulted in increased expression of IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner at 12 and 24 h (P = 0.01), while IL-10 expression was unaffected by either HHV-1 infection or LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION LPS promotes HHV-1 infection in epithelial cells, which suggests that gram-negative bacteria on ocular surfaces may aggravate HHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Zeng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science of Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fang Duan
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science of Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianlan Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science of Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science of Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.
| | - Kaili Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science of Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kuntjoro M, Prasetyo EP, Cahyani F, Kamadjaja MJK, Hendrijantini N, Laksono H, Rahmania PN, Ariestania V, Nugraha AP, Ihsan IS, Dinaryanti A, Rantam FA. Lipopolysaccharide’s Cytotoxicity on Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mefina Kuntjoro
- Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia; Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
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Li Z, Ge X, Lu J, Bian M, Li N, Wu X, Li Y, Yan M, Yu J. MiR-141-3p regulates proliferation and senescence of stem cells from apical papilla by targeting YAP. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111562. [PMID: 31437458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological phenotypes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regulated by a series of biochemical elements, including microRNAs, hormones and growth factors. Our previous study illustrated a significant role of miR-141-3p during the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). Nevertheless, the functions of miR-141-3p in regulating the proliferative ability and senescence of SCAPs have not been determined. This study identified that overexpression of miR-141-3p inhibited the proliferative ability of SCAPs. Meanwhile, the senescence of SCAPs was ahead of time. Conversely, transfection of miR-141-3p inhibitor promoted the proliferative ability of SCAPs and delayed their senescence. Yes-associated protein (YAP) was predicted as the downstream target gene of miR-141-3p by online softwares (miRDB, miRTarBase, miRWalk, and TargetScan), and was further verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Additionally, knockdown of YAP inhibited the proliferation and accelerated the senescence of SCAPs. Collectively, these findings proposed a novel direction that miR-141-3p impeded proliferative ability and promoted senescence of SCAPs through post-transcriptionally downregulating YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xingyun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jiamin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Minxia Bian
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Liu J, Du J, Chen X, Yang L, Zhao W, Song M, Wang Z, Wang Y. The Effects of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways on Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Osteo/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla. J Endod 2019; 45:161-167. [PMID: 30711172 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) is a prerequisite step in the root development of immature permanent teeth. However, little is known about the effects of an inflammatory environment on osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in LPS-mediated osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. METHODS SCAPs of human third permanent molars were cultured. Cell viability was analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability were investigated. Gene expression of osteo/odontogenic differentiation and MAPK signaling pathways was evaluated during osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. RESULTS In the 0.1 μg/mL LPS-treated group, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization of SCAPs were up-regulated. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that dentin sialophosphoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2, and bone sialoprotein were increased. However, we did not detect any change of osteocalcin expression. In addition, the expression of p-ERK and p-p38 in SCAPs was enhanced by LPS treatment, whereas the inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways markedly suppressed the differentiation of LPS-treated SCAPs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that LPS at the appropriate concentration promoted the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are involved in LPS-mediated osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Liu
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Du
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Mengxiao Song
- Department of Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
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25
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Yang G, Ju Y, Liu S, Zhao S. Lipopolysaccharide upregulates the proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation of NG2
+
cells from human dental pulp in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1276-1285. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
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26
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Nada OA, El Backly RM. Stem Cells From the Apical Papilla (SCAP) as a Tool for Endogenous Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:103. [PMID: 30087893 PMCID: PMC6066565 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells extracted from developing tissues possibly exhibit not only unique but also superior traits against their developed counterparts. Indeed, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP); a unique group of dental stem cells related to developing roots have been shown to be a promising tool for regenerative endodontic procedures and regeneration in general. Studies have characterized the phenotypic traits as well as other regenerative potentials of these cells. Specific sub-populations have been highlighted as well as their neurogenic and angiogenic properties. Nevertheless, in light of the previously discussed features and potential applications of SCAP, there is still much to understand and a lot of information to unravel. The current review will discuss the role of specific markers for detection of different functional populations of SCAP; including CD146 and STRO-1, as well as their true multilineage differentiation potential. In particular, the role of the secretome in association with paracrine signaling in inflammatory microenvironments is also tackled. Additionally, the role of SCAP both in vitro and in vivo during regenerative approaches and in response to different growth factors and biologic scaffolds is highlighted. Finally, this review will shed light on current knowledge regarding the clinical translational potential of SCAP and elucidate possible areas for future research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Nada
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania M El Backly
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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