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Howait M, Zahran S, Abulhamael AM, Barayan MA, Khawaji S, Sanari M, Alshehri L, Zarei L, Marghalani A, Al-Habib MA. Characterizing the Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular Incisors in a Western Saudi Arabian Sub-population Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Cureus 2024; 16:e60650. [PMID: 38899247 PMCID: PMC11185986 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the morphology and complexity of mandibular anterior teeth in a Western Saudi Arabian sub-population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology CBCT scans from 818 patients were evaluated, and 3193 mandibular anterior teeth were analyzed for the number of roots, canal, canal configurations, separation level, bilateral symmetry, and gender associations. Results The results showed that all examined central and lateral incisors had a single root, and the majority exhibited a single canal. The prevalence of two canals in mandibular central and lateral incisors was 20.1% and 23.2%, respectively, resulting in an overall prevalence of 21.7% for two root canals in mandibular anterior teeth. The separation level of the two canals was predominantly located in the middle third of the root. Type I canal configuration was the most common, followed by type III. A high degree of bilateral symmetry in the number of canals and canal configurations was noted. Conclusion The findings contribute to the understanding of root canal anatomy in the Saudi population and provide valuable information for endodontic treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Howait
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shatha Zahran
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Mohammed A Barayan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sara Khawaji
- Department of General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed Sanari
- Department of General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Layan Alshehri
- Department of General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Lamees Zarei
- Department of General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ammar Marghalani
- Department of Periodontology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mey A Al-Habib
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Leal RMDS, Copelli FA, Pinto JC, Tanomaru-Filho M, Duarte MAH, Cavenago BC. Shaping ability of three heat-treated NiTi systems in Vertucci's type III root canals of mandibular incisors: An ex vivo study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:568-573. [PMID: 38690376 PMCID: PMC11056407 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The anatomical configuration classified as Vertucci's type III is described as the second most prevalent in mandibular incisors. Methods Thirty-six Vertucci's type III mandibular incisors were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and divided into 3 groups (n = 12) according to the root canal preparation protocol (HyFlex CM [HCM], HyFlex EDM [HEDM], and Sequence Rotary File [SRF]). The teeth were scanned before and after performing 0.25 mm and 0.40 mm apical diameter preparations. The canal volume, dentin thickness, percentage of accumulated debris and untouched canal areas, transportation, and centering ability were measured. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (P < 0.05). Results The volume increase was more evident in the apical third. After 0.40 mm preparation, the SRF system provided a higher reduction (P < 0.05) in dentin thickness on the buccal surface 1 mm from the apex. There was higher canal transportation in the bucco-lingual direction. The 0.40 mm apical preparation reduced the percentage of untouched canal areas. The apical third had the highest percentage of untouched canal areas. The cervical third had the lowest volume of accumulated debris. Conclusions Increasing the apical preparation to a diameter of 0.40 mm with the HCM, HEDM, and SRF systems in Vertucci's type III root canals of mandibular incisors proved to be safe and effective, reducing untouched canal areas. Clinical relevance Root flattening can be intense to the point of generating a root canal bifurcation. Despite the decrease in the root canal diameter, a greater enlargement of the apical region is necessary and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jáder Camilo Pinto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Paulista State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Paulista State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sheth K, Banga KS, Pawar A, Wahjuningrum DA, Karobari MI. Distolingual root prevalence in mandibular first molar and complex root canal morphology in incisors: a CBCT analysis in Indian population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:443. [PMID: 38172235 PMCID: PMC10764885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography was used to understand the possible correlation between the prevalence of distolingual root (DLR) in permanent mandibular first molars (MFMs) and the associated complicated mandibular incisor's root canal morphology (MIs) in an Indian population. A total of 400 scans were evaluated for MFMs and MIs. The prevalence of DLRs and root canal anatomy of MIs were assessed based on Vertucci's classification, and then the sample were grouped according to age, sex and side. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the possible correlation between the presence of DLRs in the first molar and root canal morphology of incisors. Chi square test was used to evaluate the correlation between the root canal configurations of MIs with the existence of DLRs in MFMs. There was no statistically significant difference between sexes or ages for the prevalence of DLRs in the first molars (p > 0.05), which was 6.62%, with the right side having a greater frequency of DLRs (7.8%) than the left (5.5%). Vertucci Type I canal configuration was most common for the mandibular central (66.75%) and lateral incisors (58.62%). Vertucci Type III was the most common complicated canal morphology, followed by Types V, II, and IV for MIs, with no statistically significant difference in the studied sample's age and sex. (p < 0.05). No association was observed between the presence of DLRs in first molars and complicated root canal configurations in MIs. Taken together, the possibility of complicated root canal configuration in MIs was lesser in the presence of DLRs in MFMs among the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sheth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - K S Banga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - Ajinkya Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, 400 008, India
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia.
- Dental Research Unit, Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
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Sevgi U, Johnsen GF, Hussain B, Piasecki L, Nogueira LP, Haugen HJ. Morphometric micro-CT study of contralateral mandibular incisors. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:20. [PMID: 38147175 PMCID: PMC10751267 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the degree of similarity and symmetry in the anatomy of contralateral mandibular incisors. Three-dimensional (3D) models of extracted teeth were obtained from microtomography (micro-CT) scans. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the morphology and comparison of contralateral pairs were made. The null hypothesis was that contralateral mandibular incisors could not be considered identical in simple morphometric measurements. METHODS Sixty pairs of mandibular incisors were extracted from 30 patients and scanned with micro-CT. Virtual models of the cemento-enamel junction to the root apex were rendered. Parameters such as length, canal width, dentinal thicknesses, tortuosity, centerline length, accessory canals, root canal configurations, and root canal orifice cross-sections were used to compare the teeth. Width and thickness comparisons between paired teeth in the same individual were made by paired t-test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test for variables not normally distributed). An online randomization tool generated randomized pairs (independent of the individual/patient). Subsequently, an unpaired t-test (or Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed parameters) and a correlation analysis were conducted. Canal configurations were classified according to preexisting classification schemes. The number and location of accessory canals and apical foramina were registered and compared. RESULTS Utilizing advanced imaging techniques and quantitative analyses, our study establishes that contralateral mandibular incisors exhibit a remarkable degree of symmetry in multiple morphological parameters, including length, canal width, and dentinal thicknesses. The apical third showed a high degree of inter-variability for the contralateral pairs. The rigorous statistical analysis of the normalized parameters by Z-score showed no statistically significant differences between the contralateral mandibular incisors. Comparisons between central and lateral teeth revealed differences in root length but no significant disparity in the distribution of accessory canals. Central teeth, on average, were longer, while accessory canals were distributed relatively evenly between central and lateral teeth. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study further establish the significant similarities between contralateral mandibular incisors, reinforcing their suitability as a reliable substrate for root canal comparison studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The absence of statistically significant differences between contralateral pairs in normalized parameters underscores their potential as a reliable reference point for root canal comparison studies in clinical dentistry. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the importance of individualized treatment planning, considering the natural symmetry in mandibular incisors to enhance clinical decision-making. This research contributes valuable insights to the field of endodontics, offering a standardized approach to sample selection and enriching the understanding of dental anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usame Sevgi
- DF Dental Group, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaute Floer Johnsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Tanngarden AS, Sørumsand, Norway
| | - Badra Hussain
- Oral Research Laboratory Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
- Oral Research Laboratory Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Mamat R, Nik Abdul Ghani NR. The Complexity of the Root Canal Anatomy and Its Influence on Root Canal Debridement in the Apical Region: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49024. [PMID: 38111413 PMCID: PMC10727774 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate the infection in the complex root canal system for the long-term preservation of a functional tooth. Proper debridement of the root canal system, especially in the apical portion, is essential for successful root canal treatment. The complexity of the canal anatomy in the apical region plays a crucial role in reducing the microbial load. Therefore, clinicians must have a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the root canal system and its variations, especially in the apical portion. Root canal configurations in cross-section have been classified as round, oval, long oval, flattened, or irregularly shaped. Treating oval, long oval, flattened, or irregularly shaped canals is challenging and should be approached differently than a circular canal. Recognizing the root canal shape and apical anatomy determines the different strategies to be used in cleaning, shaping, and obturation to achieve the best result of root canal treatment. The recent development of the instrumentation system improves the treatment outcome for clinicians and patients. This review aimed to discuss the definition, prevalence, and instrumentation for cleaning and shaping in the apical area with the complexity of root canal systems. Therefore, with the aid of this review, we can better understand the variations in the anatomy of the root canal, especially at the apical portion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosnani Mamat
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS
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Martins JNR, Versiani MA. Worldwide Prevalence of the Lingual Canal in Mandibular Incisors - A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study with Meta-Analysis. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00282-0. [PMID: 37225039 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional study assessed the influence of patient demographics on the worldwide prevalence of a lingual canal in mandibular incisors. METHODS 26,400 mandibular incisors were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography imaging by pre-calibrated observers from 44 countries. A standardized screening method was employed to collect data on the presence of a lingual canal, the anatomic configuration of the root canal, and number of roots. Patient demographic information (age, sex, and ethnicity) was also recorded. Multiple intra- and inter-rater tests assessed the reliability of the observers and groups, and a meta-analysis was used to examine differences and heterogeneities (α=5%). RESULTS The prevalence of the lingual canal in mandibular central and lateral incisors varied from 2.3% (0.06%-4.0%; Nigeria) to 45.3% (39.7%-51.0%; Syria) and from 2.3% (0.06%-4.0%; Nigeria) to 55.0% (49.4%-60.6%; India), respectively. Ethnicity had a significant impact on the prevalence of the lingual canal, with African, Asian, and Hispanic groups having the lowest proportions (P<.05), while Caucasians, Indians, and Arabs showed the highest (P<.05) for both incisor groups. Additionally, males had a significantly higher odds ratio for both the central (1.334) and lateral (1.178) incisors, while older patients had a lower prevalence for both tooth groups (P<.05). The side and tooth group did not influenced on the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of lingual root canals in mandibular incisors varies significantly based on geographic location, ethnicity, age, and gender. The overall prevalence was 21.9% for mandibular central incisors and 26.0% for lateral incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge N R Martins
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Chen Y, Dai Y, Yan Z, You Y, Wu B, Lu B. Morphological analysis of anterior permanent dentition in a Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography. Head Face Med 2023; 19:12. [PMID: 36959644 PMCID: PMC10037846 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-023-00357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Morphological analysis of permanent anterior dentition is essential for achieving an ideal treatment outcome and avoiding unnecessary failure. This study aimed to analyze the morphologies of anterior teeth in the Chinese population in depth. METHODS In this retrospective study, 4309 anterior teeth from 401 Chinese patients were investigated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from 2019-2021. We summarized the morphological characteristics of the anterior teeth in terms of the root length, cementoenamel junction curvature (CEJ-C), root furcation and canal variations. RESULTS We found that the root lengths of the maxillary anterior incisors were similar (13.3 mm), while the root lengths of the mandibular central (12.2 mm) and lateral incisors (13.4 mm) varied significantly (p < .0001). Both the maxillary (16.6 mm) and mandibular canines (15.5 mm) were found to have greater root lengths than the corresponding incisors (p < .0001). The CEJ-C was significantly greater around incisors (2.5 mm) than around the canines (2.0 mm) in the maxilla (p < .0001), while the curvature remained similar in mandibular anterior teeth (1.8 mm). Root furcation was observed in mandibular canines and lateral incisors. Moreover, all types of Vertucci's classification in anterior dentitions were observed, while two other new types were found. Among them, the maxilla was only observed to exhibit types I, II, III, and ST II, while the mandible was found to exhibit almost all types. However, Type I still accounts for the majority of dentitions. CONCLUSIONS Morphological analysis of permanent anterior dentition revealed diversity in the tooth length, CEJ-C, furcation proportion, and canal variations. In general, mandibular anterior teeth showed a more complex structure than maxillary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Dentistry, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 Guangdong China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Dentistry, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Zhengbin Yan
- Department of Dentistry, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 Guangdong China
| | - Yuehua You
- Department of Dentistry, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 Guangdong China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Dentistry, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 Guangdong China
| | - Bingtai Lu
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510080 Guangzhou, China
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Tang Y, Wu Y, Pei F, Liu C, Qiu Y, Yang T, Gu Y. A micro-computed tomographic analysis of the root canal systems in the permanent mandibular incisors in a Chinese population. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:129. [PMID: 36890470 PMCID: PMC9996864 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive understanding of the root canal system complexity is critical important for successful root canal therapy. A double root canal system may be present in permanent mandibular incisors with a variable incidence in different ethnic populations. Ignorance or improper management of this canal variation can lead to treatment failure. This in vitro study aimed to identify the anatomic features of root canal systems in the mandibular incisors in a Chinese population by using micro-CT. METHODS A total of 106 permanent mandibular incisors (53 central incisors and 53 lateral incisors) were collected from a native Chinese population. The teeth were scanned by a micro-CT scanner and then reconstructed three-dimensionally. The canal configurations were detected by Vertucci's classification, and the number and location of the accessory canals were also identified. The long (D) and short diameters (d) of the main and accessory canals were measured and D/d ratio was calculated at different root levels (cemento-enamel junction [CEJ] level, mid-root level and 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm from the apex). The root canal curvatures in the double-canaled mandibular incisors were measured at the proximal view by using modified Schneider's method. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of occurrence rates. Comparison of means from multiple groups was performed by using one-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test. RESULTS In regard to the occurrence of double root canals, gender difference was neither detected in the mandibular central (16.0% [male] vs 14.3% [female]; p = 0.862), nor in the mandibular lateral incisors (26.9% [male] vs 33.3% [female]; p = 0.611). Age group difference was also not detected in the mandibular central (p = 0.717) and lateral incisors (p = 0.521). The incidence of double root canals was 15.1% (8/53) in the central incisors, and 30.2% (16/53) in the lateral incisors, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.063). The most frequent non-single canal type was the type III (1-2-1) (18.9% [20/106]), and the other types identified included 1 case of type II (2-1) and 3 cases of type V (1-2). The incidence of accessory canals was 17.9% (19/106), with a mean level of 1.92 ± 1.19 mm from the apex. The frequency of long-oval (2 ≤ D/d < 4) and flattened canals (D/d ≥ 4), as well as the mean value of D, d and D/d ratio increased from the apical 1 mm to the apical 4 mm level (the D/d ratio increased from 1.9 to 2.9 for the single canals, from 1.4 to 3.3 for the buccal canals and from 1.2 to 2.3 for the lingual canals), and the D/d ratio reached the peak at the mid-root level. Double curvatures were detected in 33.3% (8/24) of the buccal canals and 37.5% (9/24) of the lingual canals, and the difference has no statistical significance (p = 0.063). The degrees of the primary curvatures were 21.5 ± 7.1 degrees for the buccal and 30.1 ± 9.2 degrees for the lingual canals, and the degrees of secondary curvatures were 27.0 ± 11.4 degrees for the buccal and 30.5 ± 12.5 degrees for the lingual canals in the double curvatures. The degrees of the single curvatures were 14.2 ± 6.3 degrees for the buccal and 15.6 ± 6.0 degrees for the lingual canals. Significant difference was detected among above 6 groups of canal curvatures (p = 0.000), and severe curvatures (≥ 20 degrees) were more frequently detected in the double curved canals. CONCLUSIONS Double-canaled mandibular incisors were not uncommon in the Chinese population, and type 1-2-1 was the most frequent non-single canal type. Gender and age did not significantly impact the occurrence of a second canal in mandibular incisors. Long-oval and flattened canals were very common at different root levels and their incidence increased from apex to the mid-root level. Severe curvatures were frequently detected in the double canal systems, especially in those canals with double curvatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., 215200, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Pei
- Department of Central Laboratory and Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., 215200, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinfeng Qiu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., 215200, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., 215200, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Gu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Central Laboratory and Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., 215200, Suzhou, China.
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Villa N, Weissheimer T, Vier-Pelisser FV, Alcalde MP, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, da Rosa RA, Só MVR. Comparative study of Vertucci and Ahmed classifications to evaluate the main root canal configuration of mandibular incisors in a Brazilian population. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:409-414. [PMID: 34626050 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the main root canal configurations of mandibular incisors (MI) in a Brazilian population using Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classifications. One hundred and sixty-five human permanent MI were scanned using a micro-CT. Two examiners classified the samples according to Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classification. Kappa coefficient was employed. The majority of MI had a single root canal (52.1%). Type III Vertucci and 1 MI1-2-1 Ahmed et al. was the most common 2-canal MI (20%). In the apical third, the presence of one, two and three canals was found in 81.8%, 15.2% and 3% respectively. In the cervical and middle thirds, one, two and three canals were found in 86%, 12.2% and 1.8% respectively. Ahmed et al. classification was able to classify the entire sample studied, whereas 11 teeth (6.66%) did not fit Vertucci's classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Villa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Theodoro Weissheimer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo - FOB-USP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo - FOB-USP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Iqbal A, Karobari MI, Alam MK, Khattak O, Alshammari SM, Adil AH, Noorani TY, Algarani HA, Alonazi MA, Sirivastava KC, Issrani R. Evaluation of root canal morphology in permanent maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in Saudi subpopulation using two classification systems: a CBCT study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:171. [PMID: 35538514 PMCID: PMC9092761 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate knowledge of root canal morphology and possible variations is essential to achieve perfect root canal treatment and overcome treatment failure. Appropriate knowledge on root and canal morphology, communication, and documentation amongst dentists will be challenging from a diagnostic and successful treatment point of view. METHODS A total of 3420 samples were included in this study from 285 cone-beam computed tomography images of the Saudi residents, including 171 males and 114 females aged 15 to 68 years from retrospective data dated from January 2018 to April 2021. The images were examined in sagittal, axial and coronal views using a 3D version software 1.0.10.6388. The number of canal and canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci and the new classification system. The SPSS 26 was used to conduct the statistical analysis as descriptive statistics such as mean; standard deviation and frequency were calculated. The Chi-square test analysed the data with the significance level set at 0.05. RESULTS A total of 285 subjects participated in the study. Majority of the participants were Saudi nationals (80.7%), followed by Indian (7.4%), Pakistani (4.2%) and other nationalities. According to Vertucci and the new classification system, Type I and 1TN1 were the most common types, followed by Type III and Type IV, and then 1TN1-2-1 and 1TN1-2 in mandibular anteriors. The prevalence of canal variations in mandibular canine was higher in females than in males (P = 0.002). Maxillary laterals and mandibular anteriors showed the significant difference in the prevalence of root canal variation in relation to the ethnicity (P = 0.001) and age of the patients. Younger patients showed more variations than the older patients (P = 0.012, P = 0.023, P = 0.001, P = 0.001) in terms of maxillary laterals, mandibular central, laterals and canines, respectively. CONCLUSION Mandibular permanent anteriors showed a wide range of canal variations and canal complexity. Males and females did not demonstrate a wide range of variation in the root canal morphology except for the canines in relation to the gender of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. .,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia.
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil international University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Osama Khattak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Metab Alshammari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Habeeb Adil
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hamoud Ali Algarani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Aber Alonazi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Chandan Sirivastava
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakhi Issrani
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Buchanan GD, Gamieldien MY, Fabris-Rotelli I, van Schoor A, Uys A. Root and canal morphology of the permanent anterior dentition in a Black South African population using cone-beam computed tomography and two classification systems. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:218-223. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glynn D. Buchanan
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Mohamed Y. Gamieldien
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Inger Fabris-Rotelli
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Albert van Schoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Andre Uys
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
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12
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Yanık D, Turker N. Stress distribution of a novel bundle fiber post with curved roots and oval canals. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 34:550-556. [PMID: 34766692 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the stress distribution of teeth with curved and straight roots with oval and round canals restored with the bundle and conventional post systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six three-dimensional premolars were modeled with round and oval canals, and curved roots using the software. The bundle post and the round posts were modeled. All post models were placed on the canals. The models were subjected to 200 N oblique loading. The results were evaluated by von Mises stresses. RESULTS This study demonstrated that the bundle post showed higher stress values compared to the conventional post. The stresses in the oval canal were higher than those in the round canal. The highest stress values were found in the curved roots. The stress distribution on the curved roots was observed in the middle and apical third of the canal. CONCLUSION The bundle post presented higher stress compared to conventional posts. Besides, a more uniform stress distribution was observed in the bundle groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE When a post was required in extremely irregular, wide canals and curved roots, the bundle post was the material of choice. Canal and root morphology influenced stress distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yanık
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Turker
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Papic M, Papic M, Zivanovic S, Vuletic M, Zdravkovic D, Misic A, Miletic Kovacevic M, Popovic M. The prevalence of oval-shaped root canals: A morphometric study using cone-beam computed tomography and image analysis software. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:158-169. [PMID: 34363716 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of oval-shaped root canals at the apical, medial and coronal cross sections of all tooth groups using CBCT and image analysis software. Based on the diameter values, the long/short diameter ratio was calculated and each root canal was classified regarding its shape. Oval-shaped canals were present in 45% at the apical, 50% at the medial and 56% at the coronal level of all teeth. The mandibular central incisors presented oval canals in 24%, long oval in 28% and flat in 2% at the apical level. Mandibular molars showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the distribution of oval-shaped canals between cross-sectional levels. Analysis of CBCT scans with an image analysis software could be a reliable and reproducible method and a valuable tool for objective determination of root canal shape in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Zivanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miona Vuletic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan Zdravkovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Misic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Popovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Santos MC, Souza-Gabriel AE, Cruz-Filho AM, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RG. Detection of the internal anatomy of lower anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:442-449. [PMID: 33650769 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Morphology study of root canal systems is essential for a correct diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of root canal treatment. This study aimed to analyse the dental anatomy of the lower anterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Lower anterior teeth were classified in terms of type, number and location of root canals, evaluating the bilaterality of anatomical occurrences and determining whether the gender and age influence the findings. We analysed 749 CBCT of patients attending the School of Dentistry for different reasons. Spearman's correlations and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyse data (α = 0.05). There was no significant correlation between gender (male and female) and anatomy of the canals 33 (P = 0.162), 32 (P = 0.815), 31 (P = 0.708), 41 (P = 0.422), 42 (P = 0.382) and 43 (P = 0.063). There was a significant correlation between age and anatomy of the canals 33 (P = 0.045), 32 (P = 0.033), 31 (P = 0.022), 41 (P = 0.000), 42 (P = 0.037) and 43 (P = 0.037). There was no significant correlation between gender and patients' age (P = 0.325). There was no anatomical difference between the bilateral pairs (right and left homologous teeth) (P > 0.05). The most common anatomical configuration was single-canal teeth (85.29%), followed by the configuration in which one canal leaves the chamber, divides into two and unite again (12.88%). Anatomy of the lateral incisors and lower canines does not change with the gender of patients. However, as age rises, single canals and the incidence of division into two canals ending in a single foramen also increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marice C Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline E Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Cruz-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Manoel D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Evidence of Second Canal between Permanent Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors in China; a Systematic Review on CBCT Studies. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8849609. [PMID: 33343667 PMCID: PMC7728484 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8849609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence of second canal in permanent mandibular incisors is frequently questioned in dentistry. The difference in evidence between the two teeth is an interesting argument across different countries and ethnicities. So the aim of the systematic review was to investigate the evidence of second canal between permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors in China. Materials and Methods The papers were selected from the electronic databases and hand searching according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All qualified studies were judged by the reviewers. The selected studies were checked with Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Finally, three studies were selected for the review and meta-analyses. The proportion of the second canal with its confidence interval and forest plot for the meta-analyses were calculated. Results The evidences of second canal in permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors in China were 5.6% and 14.1%. Only one study reported bilateral symmetry of the second canal as 58.7% and 76.1% in the two types of teeth. Out of all canal anatomies, Vertucci's type ΙΙΙ was dominant comprising 4.1% and 11.2% together with other second-canal types comprising 1.4% and 3% in permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors. When the proportions were meta-analyzed, mandibular central incisors had been less numerous OR = 0.35 [0.31, 0.40], 0.33[0.28, 0.39], and 0.42 [0.22, 0.79] in the evidence of second canal, of Type ΙΙΙ, and of other types except Type ΙΙΙ than mandibular lateral incisors in China. Out of all second-canal anatomies, Type ΙΙΙ presented 72.5% and 78.9% along with other second-canal types comprising 24.3% and 21.1% in the two teeth in China. Discussion. There was the evidence of second canal which deviated toward the permanent mandibular lateral incisor also in case of bilateral symmetry, the prevalence of Vertucci's Type ΙΙΙ, and other second-canal types out of all canal anatomies.
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Karobari MI, Noorani TY, Halim MS, Ahmed HMA. Root and canal morphology of the anterior permanent dentition in Malaysian population using two classification systems: A CBCT clinical study. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:202-216. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative Dentistry Unit School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Conservative Dentistry Unit Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syahrizal Halim
- Conservative Dentistry Unit School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Conservative Dentistry Unit Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Martins JN, Marques D, Leal Silva EJN, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Influence of Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of a Second Root Canal in Mandibular Anterior Teeth – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Root Canal Morphology of the Permanent Mandibular Incisors by Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of dental anatomy through the assessment of the anatomic variations of each tooth’s root canal system is essential to undertake endodontic therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the different studies on the internal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors where Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) X-ray imaging is used. Pubmed, CENTRAL, Wiley Library and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for scientific studies included until March 2020. The terms used in the search were: “permanent mandibular incisors”, “root canal morphology” and “cone-beam computed tomography”. The search was limited to studies whose aim was the analysis of the morphology of the root canal system evaluating the parameters of methodology, population, sample, number and configuration. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a noticeable lack of unanimity in the setting adjustments of each of the CBCT devices used. The presence of two root canals varied from 0.4% to 45%. The most frequent configurations were Vertucci’s Types I, III, II, V, IV, VII and VI. Type VIII configuration was non-existent. CBCT revealed the existence of anatomical symmetry patterns, and there was no unanimity of criteria regarding the presence of a second root canal. Results concerning the presence of a second root canal in the mandibular incisors differ widely, with a possible influence of the geographic area where the study was conducted. The prevalence of a second canal is higher in mandibular lateral incisors than in mandibular central incisors. There was no direct relationship between voxel size (0.125–0.3 mm) and increased prevalence of a second canal.
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19
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Martins JN, Kishen A, Marques D, Nogueira Leal Silva EJ, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment. J Endod 2020; 46:915-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Shemesh A, Lalum E, Ben Itzhak J, Levy DH, Lvovsky A, Levinson O, Solomonov M. Radicular Grooves and Complex Root Morphologies of Mandibular Premolars Among Israeli Population. J Endod 2020; 46:1241-1247. [PMID: 32531312 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular premolars usually have one root and one root canal. Different studies found that up to 30% of mandibular premolars have more than one root canal, and up to 24% of mandibular premolars have C-shape canals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the root anatomy and the prevalence of complex root canal morphology in mandibular premolars in Israeli population. METHODS A total of 1020 Israeli patients' cone-beam computed tomography scans were screened and evaluated. A total of 1835 mandibular first premolars and 1678 mandibular second premolars were examined. Irregular root anatomy and different root canal morphologies were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of complex root morphology (types II-VIII) in mandibular first and second premolars was 21% and 2.8%, respectively. The bilateral prevalence of complex root morphology in mandibular first and second premolars was 46% and 29%, respectively. The prevalence of radicular grooves in mandibular first and second premolars with complex root morphology was 48% and 36%, respectively. No significant difference was found according to gender or the side of occurrence. However, complex root canal morphology was significantly found in mandibular premolars with radicular grooves. CONCLUSIONS Complex root canal morphology frequently occurs in mandibular first premolars in the population of Israel. Radicular groove existence in mandibular first and second premolars is significantly related to complex root canal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Shemesh
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Ella Lalum
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Joe Ben Itzhak
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dan Henry Levy
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Alex Lvovsky
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Oleg Levinson
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michael Solomonov
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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3-dimensional Analysis and Literature Review of the Root Canal Morphology and Physiological Foramen Geometry of 125 Mandibular Incisors by Means of Micro-Computed Tomography in a German Population. J Endod 2019; 46:184-191. [PMID: 31889585 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine the root canal system morphology of mandibular incisors by means of micro-computed tomographic imaging. METHODS The root canal configuration, physiological foramina, frequency of accessory and connecting canals, and the size and shape of the physiological foramina of 125 mandibular incisors were investigated by means of micro-CT and 3-dimensional imaging software. Root canal configuration of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and the physiological foramina number are described by a 4-digit system code. RESULTS The most frequent root canal configurations were 1-1-1/1 (56%), 1-2-1/1 (17.6%), and 1-1-1/2 (10.4%); 9 additional different root canal configurations were observed. Single-rooted incisors showed in 80% 1, in 16% 2, and in 4% 3 physiological foramina, respectively. Accessory canals were found in only 13.6% of the investigated teeth. Connecting canals were observed in 36% of the sample, most often in root canal configurations 1-2-1/1 (12.8%) and 2-2-1/1 (7.2%). The morphologic dimensions of a total of 146 physiological foramina were measured. Their mean wide and narrow diameters were 0.24 mm (standard deviation = 0.1 mm) and 0.23 mm (standard deviation = 0.08 mm) when only 1 physiological foramen was present. The physiological foramen shapes observed were oval (56%), round (28.8%), and irregular (15.2%). CONCLUSIONS The study provides detailed information about the root canal morphology of anterior teeth in a German population. Within the limitations of the study, the authors recommend according to results obtained in this investigation a final physiological foramen preparation size of ISO 30-35; yet, such a decision should be carefully considered on an individual basis.
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Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors is Associated with the Presence of a Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Permanent Maxillary First Molars. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted in order to define the root canal morphology based on age, gender, ethnic and racial characteristics of the population. However, relations within morphological variations of certain groups of teeth have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular lateral incisors and to determine the association between their morphologic characteristics and the presence of a second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars. Cone-beam computed tomography images from a pre-existing base were analyzed for the bilateral presence of both permanent mandibular lateral incisors and permanent maxillary first molars. Root canal morphology was analyzed according to the Vertucci classification. Associations of root canal morphologies between incisors and molars were calculated as probabilities using binary logistic regression analysis. In total, 126 mandibular lateral incisors and 126 maxillary first molars were included. 46% of all mandibular lateral incisors showed complicated root canal morphology and Vertucci type III canal configuration as the most frequent. Second mesiobuccal root canal was present in 62.7%. Root canal morphologies showed high level of bilateral symmetry in both tooth groups. The probability of a subject having complicated root canal morphology in lateral incisors was significantly higher when the second mesiobuccal canal was present. Clinicians should consider all available information on patients’ root canal morphology when planning new endodontic treatment. Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular lateral incisors showed high association with the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars.
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Prevalence Studies on Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Imaging: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2019; 45:372-386.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Saati S, Shokri A, Foroozandeh M, Poorolajal J, Mosleh N. Root Morphology and Number of Canals in Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Braz Dent J 2019; 29:239-244. [PMID: 29972448 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most failures in endodontic treatment of mandibular incisors are due to the presence of a missed canal specifically the lingual. This investigation aimed to examine the root morphology and number of canals in mandibular incisors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Two hundred and seven patients were assessed in terms of their mandibular central and lateral incisors of CBCT. The inclusion criteria were absence of root resorption, coronal restoration or root filling and clarity and optimal resolution of images. According to the Vertucci's classification, number of roots and canals and type of canal were evaluated by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. In order to data analysis SPSS version 16 and descriptive statistics were implemented. All mandibular incisors had one root. Most central (84.5%) and lateral (78.2%) incisors had a single canal (p= 0.065). The majority of central (54.5%) and lateral (56.5%) incisors were Vertucci's type I (p= 0.102). Prevalence of one canal in males: central (84.8%), lateral (77.9%) and in females: central (84.2%), lateral (78.5%) (p= 0.518). Prevalence of Vertucci's type I in males: central (52.3%), lateral (45.3%) and in females: central (56.1%), lateral (64.4%) (p=0.188). The prevalence of two canals was 15.5% (central) and 21.8% (lateral) in mandibular incisors. The Vertucci's type I was the most typical kinds of mandibular incisors. Considering the limitations of periapical radiography in determining canal morphology, CBCT can be helpful in case of any concern regarding root canal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Saati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Shokri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Foroozandeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Mosleh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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