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Bae KB, Kim HM, Son JW, Ryu JY, Hwang YC, Koh JT, Oh WM, Park C, Lee BN. Effect of 3D-printed polycaprolactone/osteolectin scaffolds on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045027. [PMID: 38740059 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad4ad9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based tissue engineering often requires the use of scaffolds to provide a three-dimensional (3D) framework for cell proliferation and tissue formation. Polycaprolactone (PCL), a type of polymer, has good printability, favorable surface modifiability, adaptability, and biodegradability. However, its large-scale applicability is hindered by its hydrophobic nature, which affects biological properties. Composite materials can be created by adding bioactive materials to the polymer to improve the properties of PCL scaffolds. Osteolectin is an odontogenic factor that promotes the maintenance of the adult skeleton by promoting the differentiation of LepR+ cells into osteoblasts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether 3D-printed PCL/osteolectin scaffolds supply a suitable microenvironment for the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The hDPCs were cultured on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with or without pores. Cell attachment and cell proliferation were evaluated using EZ-Cytox. The odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was evaluated by alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assays. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of the proteins DSPP and DMP-Results: The attachment of hDPCs to PCL scaffolds with pores was significantly higher than to PCL scaffolds without pores. The odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was induced more in PCL/osteolectin scaffolds than in PCL scaffolds, but there was no statistically significant difference. 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with pores are suitable for the growth of hDPCs, and the PCL/osteolectin scaffolds can provide a more favorable microenvironment for the odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kim
- Private practice, Local Dental Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Son
- Researcher, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Ryu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Zhao F, Zhang Z, Guo W. The 3-dimensional printing for dental tissue regeneration: the state of the art and future challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1356580. [PMID: 38456006 PMCID: PMC10917914 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1356580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss or damage poses great threaten to oral and general health. While contemporary clinical treatments have enabled tooth restoration to a certain extent, achieving functional tooth regeneration remains a challenging task due to the intricate and hierarchically organized architecture of teeth. The past few decades have seen a rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, which has provided new breakthroughs in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry. This review outlined the bioactive materials and stem/progenitor cells used in dental regeneration, summarized recent advancements in the application of 3D printing technology for tooth and tooth-supporting tissue regeneration, including dental pulp, dentin, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and so on. It also discussed current obstacles and potential future directions, aiming to inspire innovative ideas and encourage further development in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Shamszadeh S, Shirvani A, Asgary S. The Role of Growth Factor Delivery Systems on Cellular Activities of Dental Stem Cells: A Systematic Review (Part II). Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:587-610. [PMID: 35692144 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220609093939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current systematic review aims to provide the available ex vivo evidence evaluating the biological interactions of dental stem cells (DSCs) and growth factor delivery systems. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) up to January 2022. Studies evaluating the biological interactions of DSCs and growth factor delivery systems were included. The outcome measures were cell cytocompatibility, mineralization, and differentiation. RESULTS Sixteen studies were selected for the qualitative synthesis. The following growth factor delivery systems exhibit adequate cytocompatibility, enhanced mineralization, and osteo/odontoblast differentiation potential of DSCs: 1) Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-loaded-microsphere and silk fibroin, 2) Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded-microsphere and mesoporous calcium silicate scaffold, 3) Transforming growth factor Beta 1 (TGF-ß1)-loaded-microsphere, glass ionomer cement (GIC), Bio-GIC and liposome, 4) TGF-ß1-loaded-nanoparticles/scaffold, 5) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded-fiber and hydrogel, 6) TGF-ß1/VEGF-loaded-nanocrystalline calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate, 7) Epidermal growth factor-loaded- nanosphere, 8) Stem cell factor/DSCs-loaded-hydrogel and Silk fibroin, 9) VEGF/BMP-2/DSCs-loaded-Three-dimensional matrix, 10) VEGF/DSCs-loaded-microsphere/hydrogel, and 11) BMP-2/DSCs and VEGF/DSCs-loaded-Collagen matrices. The included delivery systems showed viability, except for Bio-GIC on day 3. The choice of specific growth factors and delivery systems (i.e., BMP-2-loaded-microsphere and VEGF-loaded-hydrogel) resulted in a greater gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study, with low-level evidence obtained from ex vivo studies, suggests that growth factor delivery systems induce cell proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation toward a therapeutic potential in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayna Shamszadeh
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cho EH, Kim YS, Kim YR, Kang JH, Park SW, Lim HP, Yun KD, Jang WH, Koh JT, Park C, Lee BN. A leptin-loaded poly- ϵ-caprolactone 3D printing scaffold for odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells. Biomed Mater 2023; 19:015009. [PMID: 37972541 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad0d84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects on odontoblast differentiation of a 3D-printed poly-ϵ-caprolactone (PCL) scaffold that incorporated leptin. Material extrusion-type 3D printing with a 43 000-molecular weight PCL material was used to fabricate a PCL scaffold with a 6 mm diameter, 1 mm height, and 270-340 µm pore size. The experimental groups were PCL scaffolds (control group), PCL scaffolds with aminated surfaces (group A), and PCL scaffolds with leptin on the aminated surface (group L). The aminated surface was treated with 1,6-hexanediamine and verified by ninhydrin analysis. Leptin loading was performed using Traut's reagent and 4-(N-Maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester sodium salt (Sulfo-SMCC). Groups A and L showed significantly higher surface wettability, pulp cell adhesion, and proliferation than the control group. Group L exhibited increased alkaline phosphatase, calcification deposits, and mRNA and protein expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 compared with the control group. In this study, a 3D-printed PCL scaffold containing leptin was enhanced odontoblast differentiation and dental pulp cells adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hyo Cho
- School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Pil Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi-Dug Yun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyung Jang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tea Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Liu H, Lu J, Jiang Q, Haapasalo M, Qian J, Tay FR, Shen Y. Biomaterial scaffolds for clinical procedures in endodontic regeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:257-277. [PMID: 35310382 PMCID: PMC8897058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures have been rapidly evolving over the past two decades and are employed extensively in clinical endodontics. These procedures have been perceived as valuable adjuvants to conventional strategies in the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth that were deemed to have poor prognosis. As a component biological triad of tissue engineering (i.e., stem cells, growth factors and scaffolds), biomaterial scaffolds have demonstrated clinical potential as an armamentarium in regenerative endodontic procedures and achieved remarkable advancements. The aim of the present review is to provide a broad overview of biomaterials employed for scaffolding in regenerative endodontics. The favorable properties and limitations of biomaterials organized in naturally derived, host-derived and synthetic material categories were discussed. Preclinical and clinical studies published over the past five years on the performance of biomaterial scaffolds, as well as current challenges and future perspectives for the application of biomaterials for scaffolding and clinical evaluation of biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative endodontic procedures were addressed in depth. Overview of biomaterials for scaffolding in regenerative endodontics are presented. Findings of preclinical and clinical studies on the performance of biomaterial scaffolds are summarized. Challenges and future prospects in biomaterial scaffolds are discussed.
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Zhang Y, Jiang R, Lei L, Yang Y, Hu T. Drug delivery systems for oral disease applications. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20210349. [PMID: 35262595 PMCID: PMC8908861 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many restrictions on topical medications for the oral cavity. Various factors affect the topical application of drugs in the oral cavity, an open and complex environment. The complex physical and chemical environment of the oral cavity, such as saliva and food, will influence the effect of free drugs. Therefore, drug delivery systems have served as supporting structures or as carriers loading active ingredients, such as antimicrobial agents and growth factors (GFs), to promote antibacterial properties, tissue regeneration, and engineering for drug diffusion. These drug delivery systems are considered in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical disease, the delivery of anesthetic drugs, etc. These carrier materials are designed in different ways for clinical application, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, films, and scaffolds. This review aimed to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different carrier materials. We discuss synthesis methods and their application scope to provide new perspectives for the development and preparation of more favorable and effective local oral drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruining Jiang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
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Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, Pecci-Lloret MP, Pecci-Lloret MR, Melo M. Biological interactions between calcium silicate-based endodontic biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2025-2043. [PMID: 34338339 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most recently, the biological interactions, that is cytocompatibility, cell differentiation and mineralization potential, between calcium silicate-based biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been studied at an in vitro level, in order to predict their clinical behaviour during endodontic procedures involving direct contact with periodontal tissues, namely root canal treatment, endodontic surgery and regenerative endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the biological interaction of PDLSCs and calcium silicate-based biomaterials. METHODOLOGY The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An advanced database search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SciELO on 1 July 2020 and last updated on 22 April 2021. Studies assessing the biological interactions of PDLSCs with calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) and/or cements (CSCs) at an in vitro level were considered for inclusion. The evaluation of the 'biological interaction' was defined as any assay or test on the cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, cell plasticity or differentiation potential, and bioactive properties of PDLSCs cultured in CSC or CSS-conditioned media. Quality (risk of bias) was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro studies of dental materials. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis. CSCs and CSSs, as a group of endodontic materials, exhibit adequate cytocompatibility and favour the osteo/cementogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of PDLSCs, as evidenced from the in vitro studies included in the present systematic review. DISCUSSION The influence of the compositional differences, inclusion of additives, sample preparation, and varying conditions and manipulations on the biological properties of calcium silicate-based materials remain a subject for future research. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the in vitro nature of the included studies, this work supports the potential use of calcium silicate-based endodontic materials in stem cell therapy and biologically based regenerative endodontic procedures. REGISTRATION OSF Registries; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SQ9UY.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel R Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Chen CY, Shie MY, Lee AKX, Chou YT, Chiang C, Lin CP. 3D-Printed Ginsenoside Rb1-Loaded Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Calcium Sulfate Scaffolds for Inflammation Inhibition and Bone Regeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080907. [PMID: 34440111 PMCID: PMC8389633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects are commonly found in the elderly and athletic population due to systemic diseases such as osteoporosis and trauma. Bone scaffolds have since been developed to enhance bone regeneration by acting as a biological extracellular scaffold for cells. The main advantage of a bone scaffold lies in its ability to provide various degrees of structural support and growth factors for cellular activities. Therefore, we designed a 3D porous scaffold that can not only provide sufficient mechanical properties but also carry drugs and promote cell viability. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GR) is an extract from panax ginseng, which has been used for bone regeneration and repair since ancient Chinese history. In this study, we fabricated scaffolds using various concentrations of GR with mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCS) and investigated the scaffold’s physical and chemical characteristic properties. PrestoBlue, F-actin staining, and ELISA were used to demonstrate the effect of the GR-contained MSCS scaffold on cell proliferation, morphology, and expression of the specific osteogenic-related protein of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). According to our data, hDPSCs cultivated in GR-contained MSCS scaffold had preferable abilities of proliferation and higher expression of the osteogenic-related protein and could effectively inhibit inflammation. Finally, in vivo performance was assessed using histological results that revealed the GR-contained MSCS scaffolds were able to further achieve more effective hard tissue regeneration than has been the case in the past. Taken together, this study demonstrated that a GR-containing MSCS 3D scaffold could be used as a potential alternative for future bone tissue engineering studies and has good potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; (M.-Y.S.); (C.C.)
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Chou
- Graduate Institute of Dental Science and Oral Health Industries, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Chun Chiang
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; (M.-Y.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23831346
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Yeh CL, Bhorade R, Hsu TT, Chen CY, Lin CP. Mechanical assessment and odontogenic behavior of a 3D-printed mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate/poly-ε-caprolactone composite scaffold. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:510-518. [PMID: 34266707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Tissue engineering in dentistry has fundamentally changed the way endodontists assess treatment options. Our previous study found that quercetin-contained mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCSQ) could induce hard tissue defect region regeneration. This study focused on whether the MSCSQ scaffold could also be effective in regulating odontogenesis and dentin regeneration. METHODS In this study, we fabricated MSCSQ composite scaffolds using the 3D printing technique. The characteristics of the MSCSQ scaffold were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and mechanical properties were also assessed. In addition, we evaluated the cell viability, cell proliferation, odontogenic-related protein expression, and mineralization behavior of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured on different scaffolds. RESULTS We found the precipitation of spherical-apatite on the scaffold surface rapidly in short periods. The in-vitro results for cell behavior revealed that hDPSCs with an MSCSQ scaffold were significantly higher in cell viability as followed time points. In addition, the specific makers of odontogenesis, such as DSPP and DMP-1 proteins, were induced obviously after culturing the hDPSCs on the MSCSQ scaffold. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that MSCSQ scaffolds could enhance physicochemical and biological behaviors compared to mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCS) scaffolds. In addition, MSCSQ scaffolds also enhanced odontogenic and immuno-suppressive properties compared to MSCS scaffolds. These results indicated that MSCSQ scaffolds could be considered a potential bioscaffold for clinical applications and dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rupali Bhorade
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Platform technologies for regenerative endodontics from multifunctional biomaterials to tooth-on-a-chip strategies. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4749-4779. [PMID: 34181097 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to highlight recent progress in the field of biomaterials-mediated dental pulp tissue engineering. Specifically, we aim to underscore the critical design criteria of biomaterial platforms that are advantageous for pulp tissue engineering, discuss models for preclinical evaluation, and present new and innovative multifunctional strategies that hold promise for clinical translation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current article is a comprehensive overview of recent progress over the last 5 years. In detail, we surveyed the literature in regenerative pulp biology, including novel biologic and biomaterials approaches, and those that combined multiple strategies, towards more clinically relevant models. PubMed searches were performed using the keywords: "regenerative dentistry," "dental pulp regeneration," "regenerative endodontics," and "dental pulp therapy." RESULTS Significant contributions to the field of regenerative dentistry have been made in the last 5 years, as evidenced by a significant body of publications. We chose exemplary studies that we believe are progressive towards clinically translatable solutions. We close this review with an outlook towards the future of pulp regeneration strategies and their clinical translation. CONCLUSIONS Current clinical treatments lack functional and predictable pulp regeneration and are more focused on the treatment of the consequences of pulp exposure, rather than the restoration of healthy dental pulp. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinically, there is great demand for bioinspired biomaterial strategies that are safe, efficacious, and easy to use, and clinicians are eager for their clinical translation. In particular, we place emphasis on strategies that combine favorable angiogenesis, mineralization, and functional tissue formation, while limiting immune reaction, risk of microbial infection, and pulp necrosis.
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Makvandi P, Josic U, Delfi M, Pinelli F, Jahed V, Kaya E, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarepour A, Rossi F, Zarrabi A, Agarwal T, Zare EN, Ghomi M, Kumar Maiti T, Breschi L, Tay FR. Drug Delivery (Nano)Platforms for Oral and Dental Applications: Tissue Regeneration, Infection Control, and Cancer Management. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004014. [PMID: 33898183 PMCID: PMC8061367 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally-administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically-administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side-effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle-containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug-release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly-developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvaz6153753843Iran
| | - Uros Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaVia San Vitale 59Bologna40125Italy
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via CintiaNaples80126Italy
| | - Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical EngineeringPolitecnico di Milano Technical UniversityMilano20133Italy
| | - Vahid Jahed
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical EngineeringTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Emine Kaya
- Faculty of DentistryIstanbul Okan UniversityTuzla CampusTuzlaIstanbul34959Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesSabanci UniversityOrta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, OrhanlıTuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)TuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)TuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical EngineeringPolitecnico di Milano Technical UniversityMilano20133Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)TuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India
| | | | - Matineh Ghomi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvaz6153753843Iran
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaVia San Vitale 59Bologna40125Italy
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of GeorgiaAugusta University1430 John Wesley Gilbert DriveAugustaGA30192USA
- The Graduate SchoolAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
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12
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Huang KH, Chen CY, Chang CY, Chen YW, Lin CP. The synergistic effects of quercetin-containing 3D-printed mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds for the promotion of osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:1627-1634. [PMID: 33593691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Several growth factors were proven to be effective in the treatment of bone defects and fractures and thus have great potential for bone regeneration applications. However, it needs low-temperature storage and transportation. This study aimed to investigate the herbal extract quercetin, a candidate for natural flavonoid compounds that have been reported to be involved in regulating inflammation and improving immunity and health. METHODS In this study, we prepared quercetin (Q)/mesoporous calcium silicate calcium sulfate (MSCS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composite scaffolds using the 3D printing technique, where we immersed it in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and soaked it for up to 60 days. The characteristics of quercetin scaffold were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), immunofluorescence, and Alizarin Red S staining. RESULTS We found precipitation of apatite on the surface of the scaffold. The in vitro results for cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and immunofluorescence staining revealed that Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) with a 2% quercetin (Q2) scaffold were significantly higher in number than with 1% quercetin (Q1) and MSCS scaffolds. The phalloidin staining of cell skeletons on the surface of Q2 revealed powerful cell-to-cell adhesion and high expression of green fluorescence. The Q2 scaffold also had the highest calcium deposit levels based on Alizarin Red S staining in all scaffolds. This indicated that quercetin was able to induce cell growth and mitosis, echoing the previous preliminary results. CONCLUSION Our initial results indicate that this natural herbal extract can be a good bone-based gene substitution for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Chang
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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13
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Huang KH, Wang CY, Chen CY, Hsu TT, Lin CP. Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020128. [PMID: 33572786 PMCID: PMC7911692 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and scaffolds play an important role in tissue regeneration by supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The design of a scaffold is critical in determining its feasibility, and it is critical to note that each tissue is unique in terms of its morphology and composition. However, calcium-silicate-based scaffolds are undegradable, which severely limits their application in bone regeneration. In this study, we developed a biodegradable mesoporous calcium silicate (MS)/calcium sulfate (CS)/poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) composite and fabricated a composite scaffold with 3D printing technologies. In addition, we were able to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) into MS powder via a one-step immersion procedure. The results demonstrated that the MS/CS scaffold gradually degraded within 3 months. More importantly, the scaffold exhibited a gradual release of BMP-2 throughout the test period. The adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells on the MS/CS/BMP-2 (MS/CS/B) scaffold were significantly greater than that on the MS/CS scaffold. It was also found that cells cultured on the MS/CS/B scaffold had significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and angiogenic-related protein expression. The MS/CS/B scaffold promoted the growth of new blood vessels and bone regeneration within 4 weeks of implantation in rabbits with induced critical-sized femoral defects. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the 3D-printed MS/CS/B scaffold can act both as a conventional BMP-2 delivery system and as an ideal osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22967979 (ext. 3703) (T.-T.H.); +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67980) or +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67221) (C.-P.L.)
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22967979 (ext. 3703) (T.-T.H.); +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67980) or +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67221) (C.-P.L.)
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14
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Kao CT, Chiu YC, Lee AKX, Lin YH, Huang TH, Liu YC, Shie MY. The synergistic effects of Xu Duan combined Sr-contained calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds for the promotion of osteogenesis marker expression and the induction of bone regeneration in osteoporosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111629. [PMID: 33321669 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and its related problems such as fractures are gradually becoming common due to an aging population. Current methods to treat osteoporosis include medical and surgical options such as bone implants. Recent developments in 3D printing and materials science technologies has allowed us to fabricate individualized scaffolds with desired properties. In this study, we mixed Xu Duan into strontium‑calcium silicate powder at 5% (XD5) and 10% (XD10) and fabricated 3D scaffolds with polycaprolactone. All scaffolds were assessed for its physical, mechanical, and biological properties to evaluated for its feasibility for bone tissue engineering in the osteoporosis model. Our results showed that such a scaffold could be fabricated using extrusion-based printing techniques and that addition of XD did not alter original structural properties of the SrCS. Furthermore, the XD5 and XD10 scaffolds were found to be non-toxic to cells and cells cultured on the scaffolds had significantly higher proliferation and secreted increased osteogenic-related proteins in in vitro studies as compared to the XD0 groups. Remarkably, the XD10 scaffolds could be used as substitutes for the critical-sized bone defect (7.0 mm diameter and 8.0 mm depth) in the osteoporotic rabbit model. The XD10 scaffolds can enhance bone ingrowth and accelerate new bone regeneration even in complex osteoporotic pathological environments. These results showed that such a Chinese medicine-contained scaffold had potential in osteoporosis bone tissue regeneration and could be considered as a promising tool for future clinical used applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Tze Kao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Cheng Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsien Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Dental Science and Oral Health Industries, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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15
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Assessment of the Release Profile of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2-Load Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-caprolactone 3D Scaffold for Regulate Bone Regeneration. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in three-dimensional printing technology enable facile and on-demand fabrication of patient-specific bone scaffolds. However, there is still an urgent need for printable biomaterials with osteoinductivity. In the present study, we propose an approach to synthesize fibroblast growth factor-2 loaded-mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles. The growth factor loaded-nanoparticles served as fillers of polycaprolactone and then the composite scaffolds with a controlled pore structure were obtained through a fused deposition modeling technique. To evaluate the feasibility of the composite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, drug release kinetic, bioactivity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and animal study were conducted. Our findings illustrate that utilization of mesoporous calcium silicate allowed the introduction of fibroblast growth factor-2 into the composite scaffolds through a simple soaking process and then gradually released from the scaffold to facilitate proliferation and osteogenesis differentiation of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, the in vivo femur defect experiments also indicate that the co-existence of calcium silicate and fibrous growth factor-2 synergistically accelerated new bone formation. These results demonstrate that the fibroblast growth factor-2-loaded mesoporous calcium silicate nanoparticles/polycaprolactone composite scaffolds may serve as potential bone grafts for facilitating repair of defected bone tissues.
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16
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Limongi T, Susa F, Allione M, di Fabrizio E. Drug Delivery Applications of Three-Dimensional Printed (3DP) Mesoporous Scaffolds. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E851. [PMID: 32911620 PMCID: PMC7558976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous materials are structures characterized by a well-ordered large pore system with uniform porous dimensions ranging between 2 and 50 nm. Typical samples are zeolite, carbon molecular sieves, porous metal oxides, organic and inorganic porous hybrid and pillared materials, silica clathrate and clathrate hydrates compounds. Improvement in biochemistry and materials science led to the design and implementation of different types of porous materials ranging from rigid to soft two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) skeletons. The present review focuses on the use of three-dimensional printed (3DP) mesoporous scaffolds suitable for a wide range of drug delivery applications, due to their intrinsic high surface area and high pore volume. In the first part, the importance of the porosity of materials employed for drug delivery application was discussed focusing on mesoporous materials. At the end of the introduction, hard and soft templating synthesis for the realization of ordered 2D/3D mesostructured porous materials were described. In the second part, 3DP fabrication techniques, including fused deposition modelling, material jetting as inkjet printing, electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, stereolithography and digital light processing, electrospinning, and two-photon polymerization were described. In the last section, through recent bibliographic research, a wide number of 3D printed mesoporous materials, for in vitro and in vivo drug delivery applications, most of which relate to bone cells and tissues, were presented and summarized in a table in which all the technical and bibliographical details were reported. This review highlights, to a very cross-sectional audience, how the interdisciplinarity of certain branches of knowledge, as those of materials science and nano-microfabrication are, represent a growing valuable aid in the advanced forum for the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Limongi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Francesca Susa
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (E.d.F.)
| | - Marco Allione
- SMILEs Lab, PSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Enzo di Fabrizio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (F.S.); (E.d.F.)
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17
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Cao Y, Tan Q, Li J, Wang J. Bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 6, and 9 differentially regulate the osteogenic differentiation of immortalized preodontoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9750. [PMID: 32756815 PMCID: PMC7413614 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our study attempted to compare the efficacies of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, 6, and 9 in inducing osteogenic differentiation of preodontoblasts (PDBs). We immortalized PDBs by introducing a reversible SV40 T antigen-based immortalization system. Cell proliferation capability was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of BMP2, 6, and 9 on the osteogenic differentiation of immortalized preodontoblasts (iPDBs) were measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays and alizarin red S staining. The expression of osteogenic markers was evaluated by semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. To assess ectopic bone formation, rat-derived iPDBs were transfected in culture with adenoviral vectors designated Ad-BMP2, 6, and 9 and subcutaneously or intramuscularly injected into mice. Several BMPs retained endogenous expression in PDBs and regulated the mRNA expression of mineralized tissue-associated proteins. ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation were significantly increased in the Ad-BMP9-transfected group relative to the control group. In addition, the most significant hard tissue formation was in this group. The results indicated that BMP signaling was involved in the osteogenic differentiation of iPDBs. BMP9 could be an efficacious accelerant of the osteogenic differentiation of iPDBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Cao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Assessment of the Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor from 3D-Printed Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Hydroxyapatite/Calcium Sulfate Scaffold with Enhanced Osteogenic Capacity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071455. [PMID: 32610580 PMCID: PMC7408109 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most crucial growth factors and an assistant for the adjustment of bone regeneration. In this study, a 3D scaffold is fabricated using the method of fused deposition modeling. Such a fabricated method allows us to fabricate scaffolds with consistent pore sizes, which could promote cellular ingrowth into scaffolds. Therefore, we drafted a plan to accelerate bone regeneration via VEGF released from the hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate (HACS) scaffold. Herein, HACS will gradually degrade and provide a suitable environment for cell growth and differentiation. In addition, HACS scaffolds have higher mechanical properties and drug release compared with HA scaffolds. The drug release profile of the VEGF-loaded scaffolds showed that VEGF could be loaded and released in a stable manner. Furthermore, initial results showed that VEGF-loaded scaffolds could significantly enhance the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, angiogenic- and osteogenic-related proteins were substantially increased in the HACS/VEGF group. Moreover, in vivo results revealed that HACS/VEGF improved the regeneration of the rabbit’s femur bone defect, and VEGF loading improved bone tissue regeneration and remineralization after implantation for 8 weeks. All these results strongly imply that the strategy of VEGF loading onto scaffolds could be a potential candidate for future bone tissue engineering.
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19
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Effect of Bone Morphogenic Protein-2-Loaded Mesoporous Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate/Recycled Fish Gelatin 3D Cell-Laden Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has a complex hierarchical structure with the capability of self-regeneration. In the case of critical-sized defects, the regeneration capabilities of normal bones are severely impaired, thus causing non-union healing of bones. Therefore, bone tissue engineering has since emerged to solve problems relating to critical-sized bone defects. Amongst the many biomaterials available on the market, calcium silicate-based (CS) cements have garnered huge interest due to their versatility and good bioactivity. In the recent decade, scientists have attempted to modify or functionalize CS cement in order to enhance the bioactivity of CS. Reports have been made that the addition of mesoporous nanoparticles onto scaffolds could enhance the bone regenerative capabilities of scaffolds. For this study, the main objective was to reuse gelatin from fish wastes and use it to combine with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and Sr-doped CS scaffolds to create a novel BMP-2-loaded, hydrogel-based mesoporous SrCS scaffold (FGSrB) and to evaluate for its composition and mechanical strength. From this study, it was shown that such a novel scaffold could be fabricated without affecting the structural properties of FGSr. In addition, it was proven that FGSrB could be used for drug delivery to allow stable localized drug release. Such modifications were found to enhance cellular proliferation, thus leading to enhanced secretion of alkaline phosphatase and calcium. The above results showed that such a modification could be used as a potential alternative for future bone tissue engineering research.
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20
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Enhanced Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-laden Recycled Fish Gelatin/Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate 3D Scaffolds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-encapsulated bioscaffold is a promising and novel method to allow fabrication of live functional organs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, traditional fabrication methods of 3D scaffolds and cell-laden hydrogels still face many difficulties and challenges. This study uses a newer 3D fabrication technique and the concept of recycling of an unutilized resource to fabricate a novel scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In this study, fish-extracted gelatin was incorporated with bioactive ceramic for bone tissue engineering, and with this we successfully fabricated a novel fish gelatin methacrylate (FG) polymer hydrogel mixed with strontium-doped calcium silicate powder (FGSr) 3D scaffold via photo-crosslinking. Our results indicated that the tensile strength of FGSr was almost 2.5-fold higher as compared to FG thus making it a better candidate for future clinical applications. The in-vitro assays illustrated that the FGSr scaffolds showed good biocompatibility with human Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSC), as well as enhancing the osteogenesis differentiation of WJMSC. The WJMSC-laden FGSr 3D scaffolds expressed a higher degree of alkaline phosphatase activity than those on cell-laden FG 3D scaffolds and this result was further proven with the subsequent calcium deposition results. Therefore, these results showed that 3D-printed cell-laden FGSr scaffolds had enhanced mechanical property and osteogenic-related behavior that made for a more suitable candidate for future clinical applications.
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21
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The Calcium Channel Affect Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Strontium-Substituted Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There had been a paradigm shift in tissue engineering studies over the past decades. Of which, part of the hype in such studies was based on exploring for novel biomaterials to enhance regeneration. Strontium ions have been reported by others to have a unique effect on osteogenesis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies had demonstrated that strontium ions were able to promote osteoblast growth, and yet at the same time, inhibit the formation of osteoclasts. Strontium is thus considered an important biomaterial in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, we developed a Strontium-calcium silicate scaffold using 3D printing technology and evaluated for its cellular proliferation capabilities by assessing for protein quantification and mineralization of Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, verapamil (an L-type of calcium channel blocker, CCB) was used to determine the mechanism of action of strontium ions. The results found that the relative cell proliferation rate on the scaffold was increased between 20% to 60% within 7 days of culture, while the CCB group only had up to approximately 10% proliferation as compared with the control specimen. Besides, the CCB group had downregulation and down expressions of all downstream cell signaling proteins (ERK and P38) and osteogenic-related protein (Col I, OPN, and OC). Furthermore, CCB was found to have 3–4 times lesser calcium deposition and quantification after 7 and 14 days of culture. These results effectively show that the 3D printed strontium-contained scaffold could effectively stimulate stem cells to undergo bone differentiation via activation of L-type calcium channels. Such results showed that strontium-calcium silicate scaffolds have high development potential for bone tissue engineering.
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22
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Shie MY, Shen YF, Astuti SD, Lee AKX, Lin SH, Dwijaksara NLB, Chen YW. Review of Polymeric Materials in 4D Printing Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1864. [PMID: 31726652 PMCID: PMC6918275 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of 4D printing is to embed a product design into a deformable smart material using a traditional 3D printer. The 3D printed object can be assembled or transformed into intended designs by applying certain conditions or forms of stimulation such as temperature, pressure, humidity, pH, wind, or light. Simply put, 4D printing is a continuum of 3D printing technology that is now able to print objects which change over time. In previous studies, many smart materials were shown to have 4D printing characteristics. In this paper, we specifically review the current application, respective activation methods, characteristics, and future prospects of various polymeric materials in 4D printing, which are expected to contribute to the development of 4D printing polymeric materials and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan;
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (A.K.-X.L.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan; (Y.-F.S.); (N.L.B.D.)
| | - Yu-Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan; (Y.-F.S.); (N.L.B.D.)
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
| | - Suryani Dyah Astuti
- Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Univerisitas Airlangga, Surabaya 61115, Indonesia;
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (A.K.-X.L.); (S.-H.L.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsien Lin
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (A.K.-X.L.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Ni Luh Bella Dwijaksara
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan; (Y.-F.S.); (N.L.B.D.)
- Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Univerisitas Airlangga, Surabaya 61115, Indonesia;
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
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23
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Chen YW, Chen CC, Ng HY, Lou CW, Chen YS, Shie MY. Additive Manufacturing of Nerve Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Contained Polyurethane Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1612. [PMID: 31590259 PMCID: PMC6835403 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is the part of our body that plays critical roles in the coordination of actions and sensory information as well as communication between different body parts through electrical signal transmissions. Current studies have shown that patients are likely to experience a functional loss if they have to go through a nerve repair for >15 mm lesion. The ideal treatment methodology is autologous nerve transplant, but numerous problems lie in this treatment method, such as lack of harvesting sites. Therefore, researchers are attempting to fabricate alternatives for nerve regeneration, and nerve conduit is one of the potential alternatives for nerve regeneration. In this study, we fabricated polyurethane/polydopamine/extracellular matrix (PU/PDA/ECM) nerve conduits using digital light processing (DLP) technology and assessed for its physical properties, biodegradability, cytocompatibility, neural related growth factor, and proteins secretion and expression and its potential in allowing cellular adhesion and proliferation. It was reported that PU/PDA/ECM nerve conduits were more hydrophilic and allowed enhanced cellular adhesion, proliferation, expression, and secretion of neural-related proteins (collagen I and laminin) and also enhanced expression of neurogenic proteins, such as nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). In addition, PU/PDA/ECM nerve conduits were reported to be non-cytotoxic, had sustained biodegradability, and had similar physical characteristics as PU conduits. Therefore, we believed that PU/PDA/ECM nerve conduits could be a potential candidate for future nerve-related research or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Hooi Yee Ng
- D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Wen Lou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-You Shie
- D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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24
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Shie MY, Fang HY, Lin YH, Lee AKX, Yu J, Chen YW. Application of piezoelectric cells printing on three-dimensional porous bioceramic scaffold for bone regeneration. Int J Bioprint 2019; 5:210. [PMID: 32596544 PMCID: PMC7310268 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v5i2.1.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the additive manufacture was popularly used in tissue engineering, as the various technologies for this field of research can be used. The most common method is extrusion, which is commonly used in many bioprinting applications, such as skin. In this study, we combined the two printing techniques; first, we use the extrusion technology to form the ceramic scaffold. Then, the stem cells were printed directly on the surface of the ceramic scaffold through a piezoelectric nozzle. We also evaluated the effects of polydopamine (PDA)-coated ceramic scaffolds for cell attachment after printing on the surface of the scaffold. In addition, we used fluorescein isothiocyanate to simulate the cell adhered on the scaffold surface after ejected by a piezoelectric nozzle. Finally, the attachment, growth, and differentiation behaviors of stem cell after printing on calcium silicate/polycaprolactone (CS/PCL) and PDACS/PCL surfaces were also evaluated. The PDACS/PCL scaffold is more hydrophilic than the original CS/PCL scaffold that provided for better cellular adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, the cell printing technology using the piezoelectric nozzle, the different cells can be accurately printed on the surface of the scaffold that provided and analyzed more information of the interaction between different cells on the material. We believe that this method may serve as a useful and effective approach for the regeneration of defective complex hard tissues in deep bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Three-dimensional Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Fang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- Three-dimensional Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- Three-dimensional Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Joyce Yu
- Three-dimensional Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Three-dimensional Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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25
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Lin YH, Chuang TY, Chiang WH, Chen IWP, Wang K, Shie MY, Chen YW. The synergistic effects of graphene-contained 3D-printed calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds promote FGFR-induced osteogenic/angiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109887. [PMID: 31500024 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-contained calcium silicate (CS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold (GCP) provides an alternative solution that can bring several bone formation properties, such as osteoinductive. This study finds out the optimal percentage of graphene additive to calcium silicate and polycaprolactone mixture for excellent in vitro and in vivo bone-regeneration ability, in addition, this scaffold could fabricate by 3D printing technology and demonstrates distinct mechanical, degradation, and biological behavior. With controlled structure and porosity by 3D printing, osteogenesis and proliferation capabilities of Wharton's Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) were significantly enhanced when cultured on 3D printed GCP scaffolds. In this study, it was also discovered that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) plays an active role in modulating differentiation behavior of WJMSCs cultured on GCP scaffolds. The validation has been proved by analyzed the decreased cell proliferation, osteogenic-related protein (ALP and OC), and angiogenic-related protein (VEGF and vWF) with FGFR knockdown on all experimental groups. Moreover, this study infers that the GCP scaffold could induce the effects of proliferation, differentiation and related protein expression on WJMSCs through FGFR pathway. In summary, this research indicated the 3D-printed GCP scaffolds own the dual bioactivities to reach the osteogenesis and vascularization for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hong Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Yu Chuang
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Peter Chen
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung City, Taiwan
| | - Kan Wang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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26
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Cheng CH, Chen YW, Kai-Xing Lee A, Yao CH, Shie MY. Development of mussel-inspired 3D-printed poly (lactic acid) scaffold grafted with bone morphogenetic protein-2 for stimulating osteogenesis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:78. [PMID: 31222566 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is a versatile technique widely applied in tissue engineering due to its ability to manufacture large quantities of scaffolds or constructs with various desired architectures. In this study, we demonstrated that poly (lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds fabricated via fused deposition not only retained the original interconnected microporous architectures, the scaffolds also exhibited lower lactic acid dissolution as compared to the freeze-PLA scaffold. The 3D-printed scaffolds were then grafted with human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) via the actions of polydopamine (PDA) coatings. The loading and release rate of BMP-2 were monitored for a period of 35 days. Cellular behaviors and osteogenic activities of co-cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were assessed to determine for efficacies of scaffolds. In addition, we demonstrated that our fabricated scaffolds were homogenously coated with PDA and well grafted with BMP-2 (219.1 ± 20.4 ng) when treated with 250 ng/mL of BMP-2 and 741.4 ± 127.3 ng when treated with 1000 ng/mL of BMP-2. This grafting enables BMP-2 to be released in a sustained profile. From the osteogenic assay, it was shown that the ALP activity and osteocalcin of hMSCs cultured on BMP-2/PDA/PLA were significantly higher when compared with PLA and PDA/PLA scaffolds. The methodology of PDA coating employed in this study can be used as a simple model to immobilize multiple growth factors onto different 3D-printed scaffold substrates. Therefore, there is potential for generation of scaffolds with different unique modifications with different capabilities in regulating physiochemical and biological properties for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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27
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Chiu YC, Shie MY, Lin YH, Lee AKX, Chen YW. Effect of Strontium Substitution on the Physicochemical Properties and Bone Regeneration Potential of 3D Printed Calcium Silicate Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2729. [PMID: 31163656 PMCID: PMC6600364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized strontium-contained calcium silicate (SrCS) powder and fabricated SrCS scaffolds with controlled precise structures using 3D printing techniques. SrCS scaffolds were shown to possess increased mechanical properties as compared to calcium silicate (CS) scaffolds. Our results showed that SrCS scaffolds had uniform interconnected macropores (~500 µm) with a compressive strength 2-times higher than that of CS scaffolds. The biological behaviors of SrCS scaffolds were assessed using the following characteristics: apatite-precipitating ability, cytocompatibility, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). With CS scaffolds as controls, our results indicated that SrCS scaffolds demonstrated good apatite-forming bioactivity with sustained release of Si and Sr ions. The in vitro tests demonstrated that SrCS scaffolds possessed excellent biocompatibility which in turn stimulated adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs. In addition, the SrCS scaffolds were able to enhance MSCs synthesis of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and suppress macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) thus disrupting normal bone homeostasis which led to enhanced bone formation over bone resorption. Implanted SrCS scaffolds were able to promote new blood vessel growth and new bone regeneration within 4 weeks after implantation in critical-sized rabbit femur defects. Therefore, it was shown that 3D printed SrCS scaffolds with specific controllable structures can be fabricated and SrCS scaffolds had enhanced mechanical property and osteogenesis behavior which makes it a suitable potential candidate for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Cheng Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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28
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Granel H, Bossard C, Nucke L, Wauquier F, Rochefort GY, Guicheux J, Jallot E, Lao J, Wittrant Y. Optimized Bioactive Glass: the Quest for the Bony Graft. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801542. [PMID: 30941912 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances have provided surgeons with a wide range of biomaterials. Yet improvements are still to be made, especially for large bone defect treatment. Biomaterial scaffolds represent a promising alternative to autologous bone grafts but in spite of the numerous studies carried out on this subject, no biomaterial scaffold is yet completely satisfying. Bioactive glass (BAG) presents many qualifying characteristics but they are brittle and their combination with a plastic polymer appears essential to overcome this drawback. Recent advances have allowed the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid scaffolds combining the osteogenic properties of BAG and the plastic characteristics of polymers. Such biomaterials can now be obtained at room temperature allowing organic doping of the glass/polymer network for a homogeneous delivery of the doping agent. Despite these new avenues, further studies are required to highlight the biological properties of these materials and particularly their behavior once implanted in vivo. This review focuses on BAG with a particular interest in their combination with polymers to form organic-inorganic hybrids for the design of innovative graft strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Granel
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne F‐63009 Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition HumaineClermont Université BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Cédric Bossard
- CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de ClermontUniversité Clermont Auvergne BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Lisa Nucke
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfInstitute of Ressource Ecology‐Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne F‐63009 Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition HumaineClermont Université BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Gael Y. Rochefort
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Paris Descartes, EA2496, Laboratoires PathologiesImagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales 1 rue Maurice Arnoux 92120 Montrouge France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeSRegenerative Medicine and SkeletonUniversité de Nantes, Oniris Nantes, F‐44042 France
- UFR OdontologieUniversité de Nantes Nantes, F‐44042, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONNNantes, F‐44093, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de ClermontUniversité Clermont Auvergne BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jonathan Lao
- CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de ClermontUniversité Clermont Auvergne BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne F‐63009 Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition HumaineClermont Université BP 10448 F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
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