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Ozel B, Ayhan T, Kaptan F, Sahin F, Karapınar-Kazandağ M. Dual- or single rinse? The tubular sealer penetration of endodontic chelating agents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303377. [PMID: 38875249 PMCID: PMC11178202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP) mixed in two different forms, in removing the smear layer and promoting the penetration of an endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules of extracted single-rooted teeth. METHODS The study used 75 teeth divided into five groups: 17% EDTA, 10% CA, 9% HEDP + NaOCl, 9% HEDP + distilled water (DW), and a control (DW) group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess smear layer removal and confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate tubular sealer penetration at different depths from the apical tip. RESULTS Sealer penetration was highest with 17% EDTA and 10% CA as compared with the other agents (p<0.001). At the cervical third, the sealer penetration for EDTA, HEDP + NaOCl, and HEDP + DW groups were significantly different than those in DW (p = 0.020). For the middle third, EDTA, CA, and HEDP + NaOCl groups were significantly higher than those of the DW group (p<0.001). Cervical-level values were significantly higher than apical-level values for HEDP + NaOCl, HEDP + DW, and DW (p<0.001). Smear layer removal was lower with 9% HEDP + DW than with 17% EDTA and 10% CA at all depths (p<0.001). A significancy in smear layer removal was observed between 10% CA and control (p = 0.015) in middle depth. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, highest values were seen in EDTA and CA in terms of sealer penetration and smear layer removal. In the light of these findings, the use of strong chelating agents highlights better clinical efficiency than dual-rinse or single HEDP irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beliz Ozel
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Ayhan
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Kaptan
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meriç Karapınar-Kazandağ
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang S, Deng S, Wang Y. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate effectively attenuates biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis via the targeting of specific quorum sensing pathways. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106739. [PMID: 38857709 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, an opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, exhibits increased pathogenicity via biofilm formation. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3), a theaflavin extracted from black tea, exhibits potent antibacterial effects. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of TF3 on E. faecalis. Our results indicated that TF3 significantly inhibited E. faecalis ATCC 29212 biofilm formation. This observation was further confirmed via crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. To disclose the underlying mechanisms, RNA-seq was applied. TF3 treatment significantly altered the transcriptomic profile of E. faecalis, as evidenced by identification of 248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Through functional annotation of these DEGs, several quorum-sensing pathways were found to be suppressed in TF3-treated cultures. Further, gene expression verification via real-time PCR confirmed the downregulation of gelE, sprE, and secY by TF3. These findings highlighted the ability of TF3 to impede E. faecalis biofilm formation, suggesting a novel preventive strategy against E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Xiao S, Sun G, Huang S, Lin C, Li Y. Nanoarchitectonics-Based Materials as a Promising Strategy in the Treatment of Endodontic Infections. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:759. [PMID: 38931881 PMCID: PMC11207628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic infections arise from the interactive activities of microbial communities colonizing in the intricate root canal system. The present study aims to update the latest knowledge of nanomaterials, their antimicrobial mechanisms, and their applications in endodontics. A detailed literature review of the current knowledge of nanomaterials used in endodontic applications was performed using the PubMed database. Antimicrobial nanomaterials with a small size, large specific surface area, and high chemical activity are introduced to act as irrigants, photosensitizer delivery systems, and medicaments, or to modify sealers. The application of nanomaterials in the endodontic field could enhance antimicrobial efficiency, increase dentin tubule penetration, and improve treatment outcomes. This study supports the potential of nanomaterials as a promising strategy in treating endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen 361018, China;
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
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Azizi H, Hadad A, Levy DH, Ben Itzhak J, Kim HC, Solomonov M. Epoxy vs. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers for Different Clinical Scenarios: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:85. [PMID: 38667997 PMCID: PMC11048901 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the considerations for choosing a suitable sealer according to various endodontic scenarios. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science was undertaken for the keywords of 'sealer choosing', 'appropriate sealer', 'suitable sealer', 'sealer for clinical scenario', and 'sealer for clinical situations'. However, the literature review revealed a lack of studies with practical clinical recommendations regarding the choice of appropriate endodontic root canal sealers for particular clinical situations of root canal treatment. Therefore, a narrative review was undertaken under the basis of the characteristics of an epoxy resin-based sealer (ERS) versus a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSS). Based on the evidence found through the review, the choice of an appropriate sealer in a variety of clinical scenarios was proposed. An ERS is recommended for one-visit non-vital cases, teeth with periodontal involvement, cracked teeth, and internal root resorption without root perforation. A CSS is recommended for vital or non-vital cases in multiple visits, teeth with internal root resorption with perforation or internal approach for external cervical resorption, teeth with open apices, and teeth with iatrogenic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Azizi
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Hadad
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Henry Levy
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joe Ben Itzhak
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Michael Solomonov
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Seron MA, Nunes GP, Ferrisse TM, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Dos Santos PH, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LTA, Sivieri-Araujo G. Influence of bioceramic sealers on dentinal tubule penetration and antimicrobial effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00904-6. [PMID: 38374511 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to evaluate whether bioceramic sealers have better penetration capacity in dentinal tubules and antimicrobial activity when compared to AH Plus® sealer. This SRM was recorded in the Open Science Framework database and followed the guidelines of the PRISMA 2020. Five databases were searched by two independent reviewers. Only in vitro studies that evaluated the effects of bioceramic sealers on dentinal tubule penetration and antimicrobial activity outcomes compared to AH Plus® sealer were included. Meta-analysis was conducted using R software, using the effect measure of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and inverse variance method. A modified Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist was used for the risk of bias assessment. A total of 1486 studies were identified, and only 54 studies that fulfilled our eligibility criteria were included in this review. There was no statistical difference between the sealers evaluated for dentinal tubule penetration, in the thirds evaluated: coronal SMD 0.58 [0.14; 1.31], p = 0.12; middle SMD 0.07 [0.54; 0.39], p = 0.75; and apical SMD 0.08 [0.73; 0.56], p = 0.80. Both sealers demonstrated similar antimicrobial action (SMD [3.42; 5.32], p = 0.67 and SMD 0.67 [1.89; 0.55], p = 0.28). The studies presented a low risk of bias. Based on the in vitro studies included and according to the limitations of the present review, the data suggest that bioceramic and AH Plus® sealers present similar penetration capacity in dentinal tubules and antimicrobial effect, making them suitable materials to be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Augusto Seron
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
| | - Tulio Morandin Ferrisse
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
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Hage W, Sarkis DK, Kallasy M, Sfeir G, Mallah M, Hachem RE, Khalil I, Zogheib C. Antimicrobial Activity of Five Calcium Silicate Based Root Canal Sealers against a Multispecies Engineered Biofilm: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:707-714. [PMID: 38152946 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study's objective was to compare the impact of CerasealR, total fill BC SealerR, Bio-C SealerR, AH Plus BioceramicR, and K-BiocerR on the elimination of a multispecies' endodontic biofilm at 3, 7 and 14 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 freshly extracted, caries-free premolars were prepared for the study to create dentinal disks. For the multispecies biofilm formation, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were cultured and used to inoculate hydroxyapatite discs. After incubation, the biofilms were placed on blotting papers in petri dishes with an orthodontic bend. Different root canal sealers, including CeraSeal, total Fill BC Sealer, Bio-C Sealer, AH Plus Bioceramic, K-Biocer, and Sealite, were injected into the bend, facilitating contact with the biofilms. The samples were divided into seven groups, including a negative control. At specific intervals, 3, 7, and 14 days, 3 biofilm samples from each group were collected, diluted, and plated on Agar media for colony counting and analysis. RESULTS In all tested groups, the total bacterial count significantly decreased between day 3 and 14 (p < 0.05) with no statistically significant differences among the different sealers' groups at all-time points for the total bacterial count, E. faecalis count, and P. mirabilis count. However, Sealite demonstrated the most consistent effectiveness in reducing bacterial counts across multiple categories. The sealite group was capable of decreasing the C. albicans count significantly between day 3 and day 14 (p < 0.05) in comparison with the bioceramic groups. CONCLUSION All sealers had antibacterial activity against the multispecies biofilm between day 3 and day 14. The ascending order of sealers in terms of their effectiveness in killing bacteria, based on the provided results, is as follows: Sealite, Bio-C Sealer, AH Plus, CeraSeal, TotalFill, and K-Biocer. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the bacterial counts among the different sealer groups at any time point. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The role of sealers in combating biofilm-associated infections highlights their potential clinical utility in preserving root canal health. Understanding the antimicrobial properties of these sealers is vital for informed decision-making in selecting the most effective materials for improved treatment outcomes and long-term success in endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajih Hage
- Department of Endodontics, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon. Phone: +961 70 188796, e-mail:
| | - Dolla Karam Sarkis
- Laboratory of Pathogens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Kallasy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Germain Sfeir
- Department of Endodontic, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - May Mallah
- Department of Microbiological Quality Control of Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula El Hachem
- Department of Endodontic, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Issam Khalil
- Department of Endodontic, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontic, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Cardinali F, Camilleri J. A critical review of the material properties guiding the clinician's choice of root canal sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4147-4155. [PMID: 37460901 PMCID: PMC10415471 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The introduction of hydraulic cement sealers has increased the popularity of single cone obturation where the chemistry and properties of hydraulic cement sealers are crucial. This article has investigated the materials present on the market by reviewing the chemistry aiming at understanding whether these materials are optimized or have been tested appropriately. METHODOLOGY A market search on materials called bioceramic and hydraulic sealers was undertaken. The safety data sheet and manufacturer details for every material were searched and the components were checked. The literature was searched for information about the properties of these materials based on their composition. RESULTS The safety data sheets and manufacturer details were imprecise with some manufacturers providing little detail on composition. From the publications reviewed, it is apparent that the materials used clinically are not optimized, and there is little evidence that the material chemistry and presentation aid the clinical technique in any way. CONCLUSIONS There has been a rapid increase in materials identifying as bioceramics on the market. These materials have diverse chemistries, and some of the constituents are not declared. This may affect the clinical performance of these materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Smart materials developed on the clinical need which are appropriately tested are necessary for a paradigm shift in root canal obturation. It is important to use reputable materials that have been adequately researched in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Ashkar I, Sanz JL, Forner L, Melo M. Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Dentinal Tubule Penetration-A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2734. [PMID: 37049028 PMCID: PMC10096084 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of in vitro studies which evaluate and compare the penetration of calcium silicate-based sealers into dentinal tubules. A systematic advanced search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on the 1 December 2022. In vitro studies that compared the tubular penetration of at least two calcium silicate-based sealers in extracted human teeth were eligible. PRILE 2021 guidelines were used for the assessment of the risk of bias included studies. The search identified a total of 680 preliminary records, among which 12 studies were eligible for review. The most used methodology to evaluate sealer penetration was the use of a fluorochrome together with the tested sealers and the analysis of their penetration under confocal laser microscopy. Regarding the results of the included studies, calcium silicate-based sealers exhibit a favorable dentinal tubule penetration. Tubular penetration, however, can be affected by factors such as the irrigation protocol, sealer activation, the filling method used, and root canal morphology. EndoSequence BC Sealer showed the highest sealer penetration among the tested sealers. The influence of different fluorochromes on the results of dentinal tubule penetration studies should also be further explored. The in vitro nature of the included studies limits the applicability of the results into the clinical setting. Prospero registration: CRD42022383896.
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Non-cytotoxic Root Canal Dressing with Improved Antimicrobial Efficacy. J Endod 2023; 49:205-211. [PMID: 36528174 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent endodontic infections are primarily caused by Enterococcus faecalis and are more challenging to treat, compared with primary infection of the root canal system. Calcium hydroxide (CH) is used as an interappointment dressing in endodontics despite its inefficacy against E. faecalis and other pathogens. To improve antimicrobial properties and limit cytotoxicity of CH, we added salicylic acid to CH (CASA) to disinfect the canal. CASA overcomes the main pathogen responsible for recurrent endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of CASA and its cytotoxicity against dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and its effect on the differentiation potential of DPSCs. METHODS Mature E. faecalis biofilm cultured on dentin chips was exposed to CASA and studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The dose-dependency of CASA was also studied using the liquid suspension test. The cytotoxicity was tested against DPSCs, and its effect on the expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase was studied. RESULTS CASA produced larger zones of inhibition than CH for all species tested and demonstrated superior efficacy than CH against E. faecalis biofilm. Cytotoxicity studies indicated DPSC's high tolerance for CASA; addition of CASA to DPSCs was observed to increase the expression of biological markers related to mineralization. CONCLUSIONS CASA was proved to have superior antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis when compared with CH. It also increased the expression of some DPSC differentiation markers involved in mineralization.
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Jerez-Olate C, Araya N, Alcántara R, Luengo L, Bello-Toledo H, González-Rocha G, Sánchez-Sanhueza G. In vitro antibacterial activity of endodontic bioceramic materials against dual and multispecies aerobic-anaerobic biofilm models. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:465-472. [PMID: 34741571 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate repair cements and sealers against a dual-species planktonic aerobic model with different aging times and the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature 21-day-old multispecies anaerobic biofilm. The antibacterial activity of ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC sealer against a dual-species aerobic planktonic model, as well as measuring how materials were affected by aging, was evaluated using the Modified Direct Contact Test. Subsequently, the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature multispecies anaerobic biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy complemented with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biodentine and BioRoot RCS had higher antibacterial action, and Biodentine was able to maintain its antibacterial action after a prolonged aging period in vitro. Calcium silicate repair cement MTA ProRoot and Biodentine had higher antibiofilm action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jerez-Olate
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nancy Araya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Alcántara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Luengo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Helia Bello-Toledo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriela Sánchez-Sanhueza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Concepción, Chile
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Del Carpio-Perochena A, Nicholson E, Singh CV, Camilleri J, Kishen A. Impact of dentin conditioning and sealer modification with chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomplexes on the antibacterial and mechanical characteristics of root dentin. J Endod 2022; 48:1319-1326. [PMID: 35809810 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize the effectiveness of dentin-conditioning with bio-mineralizable chitosan-hydroxyapatite precursor (CS-HA) nanocomplexes alone or associated with tricalcium silicate sealer (TCS/CS-HA) on the mechanical property and antibiofilm efficacy in root dentin. METHODS Flow tests were performed following ISO6876:2012-specifications. Solubility was measured. Micromorphology was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Nanohardness/elastic modulus were also determined. Fracture resistance was determined on lower premolars that were prepared, and randomly distributed among 7-groups (n=8/group), including the control, CS-HA dentin-conditioning and root canal filled groups. Similar canal preparation/distribution procedure was followed to test the antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis-infected roots. Descriptive statistic was used to report SEM findings. Flowability results were analyzed using Paired t-test. Multiple comparisons from solubility, fracture and antibacterial assays were assessed by one-way ANOVA-Tukey's tests. RESULTS TCS/CS-HA showed optimal flow and no effect on solubility after immersion for 4 weeks (p>.05). TCS/CS-HA significantly increased nanohardness and elastic modulus (210±11.3MPa, 7.9±0.9GPa) compared to TCS (44.5±7.8MPa, 2.1±0.3GPa,p<.05). SEM revealed needle-shaped mineralized structures resulting in fewer voids and a well-adapted sealer-dentin interface in the TCS/CS-HA groups. NaOCl-EDTA irrigation resulted in reduced fracture resistance (444.34N) while CS-HA dentin-conditioning alone (928.28N, p<.05) and CS-HA dentin-conditioning plus CS-HA/TCS resulted in higher fracture resistance (1134.06N, p<.05). CS-HA dentin-conditioning also reduced bacteria by 2.04 log (4.50±0.43) from the initial bacterial load (6.54±0.07, p<.05). There was further bacterial reduction when CS-HA-conditioned root canals were filled with TCS or TCS/CS-HA (0.00 to 0.98±0.57, p>.05). CONCLUSION Dentin modification with CS-HA increased the fracture resistance of root dentin, and decreased the residual bacterial burden. TCS/CS-HA potentiated the nanomechanical and physical properties of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Nicholson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josette Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Kishen
- Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Bosaid F, Aksel H, Azim AA. Influence of acidic pH on antimicrobial activity of different calcium silicate based-endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5369-5376. [PMID: 35511289 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a neutral or acidic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin cylinders (4 mm length) were prepared and infected with 3-week-old E. faecalis. The samples were filled with BioRoot RCS (BR), EndoSequence BC (ES), and NeoMTA Plus (NMTA) and incubated in either neutral or acidic conditions for 7 days (n=10/group). Sterile or infected samples alone were used as the positive and negative control. The root canal sealers were removed after 7 days, and the remaining bacteria on dentinal walls were determined by colony-forming units (CFUs/ml), and three samples from each group were visualized under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The pH was also measured (n=3/group) after 4 h and 7 days of incubation at 37°C in both conditions. RESULTS In the neutral condition, all sealers significantly decreased the log-CFU values (p<0.05), while in the acidic condition, the log-CFU reduction was less for ES and NMTA, but a higher reduction was observed in BR (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of CSBSs was similar in neutral conditions (p>0.05), and BR showed a greater antibacterial effect than ES and NMTA in the acidic condition (p<0.05). The pH of BR, ES, and NMTA ranged from 8.2 to 8.8 in the neutral condition in the presence of dentin after 7 days. However, acidic conditions reduced the pH values to 7.8 for BR, 6.0 for ES, and 5.8 for NMTA. CONCLUSIONS All CSBSs showed similar antibacterial activity in neutral conditions, while acidic pH had a reducing antibacterial effect on CSBSs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory pH decreased the antibacterial properties of CSBSs depending on the sealer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bosaid
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Hacer Aksel
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Adham A Azim
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. .,Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th St, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
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14
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Liu H, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, Qian J, Yu M, Shen Y. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of four root canal sealers on dental biofilms. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4361-4368. [PMID: 35137277 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To dynamically evaluate the effect of four root canal sealers on the killing of biofilms within dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin blocks were prepared for infection of the dentinal tubules. Enterococcus faecalis VP3-181 and multi-species bacteria from two donors were cultured. After 3 days of incubation, the infected dentin specimens were rinsed with sterile water for 1 min and subjected to treatment. Additionally, multi-species bacteria from donor 1 were incubated for 3 weeks to allow biofilm maturation and then the specimens were subjected to treatment. Gutta-percha-treated dentin specimens comprised the control group. A root canal sealer (bioceramic sealers: EndoSequence BC Sealer, ProRoot Endo Sealer, or GuttaFlow Bioseal; and a traditional silicone-based sealer: Guttaflow 2) was spread onto the canal walls of the dentin. The specimens were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy at 7, 30, or 60 days. RESULTS In the 3-day-old biofilm group, the proportion of killed bacteria decreased significantly from the first 7 days of treatment to 60 days of treatment for all sealers (p < 0.05). In the 3-week-old biofilm group, 60 days of exposure to bioceramic sealers resulted in more significant dead bacteria than 7-day exposures of the biofilms (p < 0.05). Bioceramic sealers were more effective in killing bacteria than the GuttaFlow 2 sealer (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Calcium silicate-based sealers showed good antimicrobial effects against biofilms within dentinal tubules, especially in the first week in young biofilms. There is no substantive antibacterial activity observed for the examined root canal sealers against young dentinal tubule biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The bioceramic root canal sealers examined demonstrate minimal additional antibacterial effects after long-term exposure to young biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Junrong Qian
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Rosa M, Morozova Y, Moštěk R, Holík P, Somolová L, Novotná B, Zábojníková S, Bogdanová K, Langová K, Voborná I, Pospíšilová L, Kovařík JP. The Short-Term Antibacterial Activity of Three Selected Endodontic Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis Bacterial Culture. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020158. [PMID: 35207445 PMCID: PMC8879048 DOI: 10.3390/life12020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Microorganisms originating from the microflora of the oral cavity are the main cause of the inflammatory diseases of the dental pulp and periapical periodontium, as well as the failure of endodontic treatment. The subsequent root canal treatment is not able to remove all the pathogens, and a small number of viable bacteria remain in the dentine tubules, which must be sealed by endodontic sealers. These sealers should have at least a bacteriostatic effect to prevent the remaining bacteria from reproducing. The aim of this study is to compare the short-term antibacterial activity of three endodontic sealers based on poly-epoxy resin, zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium silicate with a calcium hydroxide-based sealer. Calcium hydroxide is used as temporary intracanal medicament and, thus, should show significant antibacterial activity. (2) Methods: A total of 25 bovine dentine samples infected with Enterococcus faecalis were used in this study. After the sealer placement and a 24 h incubation period, the root canal walls were scraped, and the suspension of dentine fillings was used for a semi-quantitative evaluation of microbial growth. (3) Results: The poly-epoxide resin-based sealer ADSeal™ showed significant antibacterial properties. (4) Conclusions: The highest antibacterial activity was shown in poly-epoxide resin-based sealer group, followed by the zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer and calcium silicate-based sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Rosa
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Yuliya Morozova
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Roman Moštěk
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Pavel Holík
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lucia Somolová
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Barbora Novotná
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Soňa Zábojníková
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Kateřina Bogdanová
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Langová
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Iva Voborná
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lenka Pospíšilová
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Josef Paul Kovařík
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
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16
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Obeid MF, El-Batouty KM, Aslam M. The effect of using nanoparticles in bioactive glass on its antimicrobial properties. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e58. [PMID: 34909422 PMCID: PMC8636084 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study addresses the effect of using nanoparticles (np) on the antimicrobial properties of bioactive glass (BAG) when used in intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms. Materials and Methods E. faecalis biofilms, grown inside 90 root canals for 21 days, were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the antimicrobial regimen followed (n = 20; BAG-np, BAG, calcium hydroxide [CaOH], and saline). After 1 week, residual live bacteria were quantified in terms of colony-forming units (CFU), while dead bacteria were assessed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Results Although there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean CFU value among all groups, the nano-group performed the best. The highest percentage of dead bacteria was detected in the BAG-np group, with a significant difference from the BAG group. Conclusions The reduction of particle size and use of a nano-form of BAG improved the antimicrobial properties of the intracanal treatment of E. faecalis biofilms
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Farouk Obeid
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed Aslam
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Bioceramic Materials in Endodontics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7594. [PMID: 34947188 PMCID: PMC8706218 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are prevalent in the root canals of necrotic teeth, and they are the cause of primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacteria can dwell within the infected root canal system as surface-adherent biofilm structures, which exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Bioceramic materials, with their biocompatible nature and excellent physico-chemical properties, have been widely used in dental applications, including endodontics. This review focuses on the application of bioceramic technology in endodontic disinfection and the antibiofilm effects of endodontic bioceramic materials. Different bioceramic materials have shown different levels of antibiofilm effects. New supplements have emerged to potentially enhance the antibiofilm properties of bioceramics aiming to achieve the goal of microbial elimination in the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
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18
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Lin X, Chi D, Gong Q, Tong Z. An in vitro study on the effects of serum proteins on Enterococcus faecalis adhesion to three types of root sealers and gutta-percha. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:622. [PMID: 34876112 PMCID: PMC8650416 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extrusion of overfilled materials that extend beyond the apical foramina into the periradicular tissue may serve as a reservoir for bacterial adhesion and further affect recovery from periapical diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of serum proteins on Enterococcus faecalis adhesion and survival on the surface of a calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer (Apexit Plus), an epoxy resin sealer (AH-Plus) and a bioceramic sealer (iRoot SP). METHODS Apexit Plus, AH-Plus and iRoot SP were evenly coated on gutta-percha, using gutta-percha alone as the control. After root canal sealer setting, the number of E. faecalis adhering to the root canal sealers and gutta-percha was counted in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1% glucose (TSBG) by viable cell plate counts. The morphology of 7-day-old E. faecalis biofilms in FSB and TSBG was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, E. faecalis biofilms on the three root canal sealers were labeled with a LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit, and the ratios of viable to dead cells were analyzed using laser scanning microscopy operative software (Zen software). RESULTS In the assays, after 1 and 7 days, the number of E. faecalis adhering to the root canal sealers or gutta-percha in FBS were significantly lower than those in TSBG (P < 0.05). In FBS, E. faecalis adhesion to iRoot SP and gutta-percha was reduced to a greater extent than that adhered to Apexit Plus and AH-Plus. Few E. faecalis accumulated on iRoot SP in FBS, whereas many bacteria assembled on iRoot SP and formed biofilms in TSBG. The ratio of viable cells in the E. faecalis biofilm on iRoot SP was the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers, epoxy resin sealers and bioceramic sealers may provide a substrate for E. faecalis adhesion, and the bioceramic sealer in this study showed the least E. faecalis adhesion in the presence of serum proteins compared to the other two sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danlu Chi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qimei Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ruiz-Linares M, Solana C, Baca P, Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM. Antibiofilm potential over time of a tricalcium silicate material and its association with sodium diclofenac. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2661-2669. [PMID: 34713359 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to investigate, over time, the antimicrobial activity against polymicrobial biofilms and ability to inhibit biofilm formation, of Biodentine (BD) alone and with 5% and 10% sodium diclofenac (DC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The antimicrobial activity of BD alone and modified with 5% and 10% DC against polymicrobial biofilm growth in dentin was determined by a modified direct contact test. The study groups were (1) BD; (2) BD + 5% DC; and (3) BD + 10% DC. The viability of microorganisms after 1 and 4 weeks was quantified by means of an ATP assay and flow cytometry. The antibiofilm efficacy of the materials, preventing polymicrobial biofilm formation over time, was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS The results obtained with both the ATP test and flow cytometry showed that BD alone and with 5% and 10% DC exerted antibiofilm activity with respect to the control, in the two evaluated times (p < 0.001). Comparison between groups showed a tendency of increased antimicrobial effect, both over time and depending on the DC concentration. These results coincide with those obtained in CLSM analysis, where efficacy increased with time and DC concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biodentine, over time, showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy on polymicrobial biofilms. The addition of 5% and 10% DC to BD enhanced this effect, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Solana
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - P Baca
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M T Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C M Ferrer-Luque
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Yesildal Yeter K, Gunes B, Seker B. The effect of atmospheric cold plasma on the dentinal tubule penetration of calcium silicate-based sealer used with different obturation techniques: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:151-157. [PMID: 34494689 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) on dentinal tubule penetration of EndoSequence BC. Sixty premolars were divided into four groups according to the obturation technique and plasma treatment. Root canals were filled with single cone in Group 1 (SC), single cone after ACP application in Group 2 (SC-P), warm vertical compaction in Group 3 (WVC), warm vertical compaction after ACP application in Group 4 (WVC-P). Horizontal sections were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The maximum penetration and percentage of penetration values were measured. These data were statistically analysed (P < 0.01). In the coronal region, the percentage of penetration values were higher in SC-P and WVC-P than in SC and WVC. In the middle region, SC-P and SC showed a higher penetration percentage than WVC and WVC-P. In the apical region, WVC showed a higher percentage of penetration value than SC-P, WVC-P and SC did. Maximum penetration of WVC was higher than of SC and SC-P. Within the limitations of this study, ACP improved the percentage of penetration values of EndoSequence BC when used with single-cone technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Yesildal Yeter
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betul Gunes
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Basak Seker
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Dental Materials: A Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070865. [PMID: 34356786 PMCID: PMC8300656 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic biomaterials have significantly improved dental treatment techniques in several aspects now that they can be used for vital pulp treatments, as temporary intracanal medication, in definitive fillings, in apical surgeries, and for regenerative procedures. Calcium silicate-based cement is a class of dental material that is used in endodontics in direct contact with the dental structures, connective tissue, and bone. Because the material interacts with biological tissues and stimulates biomineralization processes, its properties are of major importance. The main challenge in endodontic treatments is the elimination of biofilms that are present in the root canal system anatomical complexities, as it remains even after chemical-mechanical preparation and disinfection procedures. Thus, an additional challenge for these biomaterials is to exert antimicrobial activity while maintaining their biological properties in parallel. This article reviews the literature for studies considering the antimicrobial properties of calcium silicate-based dental biomaterials used in endodontic practice. Considering the reviewed studies, it can be affirmed that the reduced antimicrobial effect exhibited by calcium silicate-based endodontic materials clearly emphasizes that all clinical procedures prior to their use must be carefully performed. Future studies for the evaluation of these materials, and especially newly proposed materials, under poly-microbial biofilms associated with endodontic diseases will be necessary.
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Sfeir G, Zogheib C, Patel S, Giraud T, Nagendrababu V, Bukiet F. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Narrative Review and Clinical Perspectives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143965. [PMID: 34300886 PMCID: PMC8306764 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, calcium silicate-based materials have grown in popularity. As root canal sealers, these formulations have been extensively investigated and compared with conventional sealers, such as zinc oxide-eugenol and epoxy resin-based sealers, in in vitro studies that showed their promising properties, especially their biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and certain bioactivity. However, the consequence of their higher solubility is a matter of debate and still needs to be clarified, because it may affect their long-term sealing ability. Unlike conventional sealers, those sealers are hydraulic, and their setting is conditioned by the presence of humidity. Current evidence reveals that the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers vary depending on their formulation. To date, only a few short-term investigations addressed the clinical outcome of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Their use has been showed to be mainly based on practitioners' clinical habits rather than manufacturers' recommendations or available evidence. However, their particular behavior implies modifications of the clinical protocol used for conventional sealers. This narrative review aimed to discuss the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers and their clinical implications, and to propose rational indications for these sealers based on the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Sfeir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Shanon Patel
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s Tower, Guy’s Hospital, St. Thomas’ Street, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Thomas Giraud
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Frédéric Bukiet
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)6-4395-2183
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Keskin NB, Aydın ZU, Uslu G, Özyürek T, Erdönmez D, Gündoğar M. Antibacterial efficacy of copper-added chitosan nanoparticles: a confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Odontology 2021; 109:868-873. [PMID: 33988772 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of copper added chitosan nanoparticles (CU-CNPs) as an irrigation solution with different irrigants in terms of eliminating Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canals. Fifty mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. After the incubation period, samples were randomly divided into a control group irrigated with distilled water and 4 experimental groups (n = 10) irrigated with as follows, %6 NaOCl, %6 NaOCl + %9 editronate (HEBP), Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), and CU-CNPs. To calculate the proportion of dead E. faecalis cell volume, stained using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and were scanned using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). All the irrigation solutions significantly (P < .05) killed the bacteria in the canal, except for the control group. CU-CNPs solution killed the highest (P < .05) number of bacteria compared with the other experimental groups. No significant difference was found between CNPs, NaOCl + HEBP, and NaOCl in terms of antibacterial activity. CU-CNPs solution was exhibited higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Keskin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z U Aydın
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - G Uslu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - T Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Erdönmez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - M Gündoğar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fernandes Zancan R, Hadis M, Burgess D, Zhang ZJ, Di Maio A, Tomson P, Hungaro Duarte MA, Camilleri J. A matched irrigation and obturation strategy for root canal therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4666. [PMID: 33633128 PMCID: PMC7907354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In root canal therapy, irrigating solutions are employed to eliminate the bacterial load and also prepare dentin for sealer interaction. The aim of this research was to assess how irrigating solutions employed on their own or in sequence affected the tooth structure. The best way to prepare the tooth for obturation using hydraulic calcium silicate cement (HCSC) sealers and gutta-percha, thus guiding clinicians on a matched irrigation-obturation strategy for optimized root canal treatment was investigated. The effect of irrigating solutions on dentine was investigated by assessing changes in dentin microhardness, ultrastructure and mineral content, organic/inorganic matter, surface roughness and Young’s modulus. The interaction of four root canal sealers with the dentin was analysed by assessing the changes in microhardness of the dentin after sealer placement and also the sealer to dentin interface by scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy. The irrigating solutions damaged the dentin irreversibly both when used on their own and in combination. The best sequence involved sodium hypochlorite followed by chelator and a final rinse with sodium hypochlorite and obturation using HCSC sealers that enabled the restoration of dentin properties. The HCSC sealers did not rely on chelator irrigating solutions for a good material adaptation to dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Fernandes Zancan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammed Hadis
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Burgess
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhenyu Jason Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Phillip Tomson
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Mangat P, Dhingra A, Muni S, Bhullar HK. To compare and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of three different root canal sealers: An In Vitro Study. J Conserv Dent 2020; 23:571-576. [PMID: 34083911 PMCID: PMC8095694 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_610_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the antimicrobial activity of three different root canal sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three different root canal sealers were compared against two strains of bacteria Enterococcus faecalis which is known to be common isolates of necrotic pulp and endodontic lesions. This test was done at various time intervals (1, 6, 15, and 60 min) using agar diffusion test and direct contact test. RESULTS Bioceramic showed the best antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis among the three groups of sealers used. Moreover, the results were statistically analyzed. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Bioceramic sealer showed the best antimicrobial activity followed by MTA Fillapex and Apexit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panna Mangat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalka dental college and hospital, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Annil Dhingra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema dental college, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Sagarika Muni
- Department of Endodontist, Bhuvaneshwar, Odhisa, India
| | - Harkanwal Kaur Bhullar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalka dental college and hospital, Meerut, UP, India
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Aksel H, Makowka S, Bosaid F, Guardian MG, Sarkar D, Azim AA. Effect of heat application on the physical properties and chemical structure of calcium silicate-based sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2717-2725. [PMID: 32975704 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of heat application on the setting and chemical properties of HiFlow BC Sealer and compare to other calcium silicate (CSBS) and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS AH Plus, BioRoot RCS (BioRoot), Endosequence BC (Endosequence), and HiFlow BC (HiFlow) sealers were placed at 37 °C or subjected to heat at 200 °C for 10 or 30 s, followed by incubation at 37 °C in a humidified incubator during experiments. Setting time, viscosity, and flow were assessed, and changes in chemical structure were evaluated using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis was also used to evaluate the weight change (%) of the sealers upon heating from room temperature to 37 °C or 200 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test (p = 0.05). RESULTS Application of heat extended the setting time for Endosequence and HiFlow but resulted in a faster setting of AH Plus and BioRoot. The highest flow and lower viscosity were observed in HiFlow at high temperature (p < 0.05), whereas the lowest flow with the highest viscosity and greatest weight loss were observed in BioRoot after heat application (p < 0.05). FTIR spectra demonstrated no changes to functional groups after heat application, except for the strong H-O-H absorption peak corresponding to water in BioRoot. CONCLUSIONS Endosequence and HiFlow showed similar chemical properties with a higher flow and lower viscosity in HiFlow after heat application. Heat application resulted in reduced flow, increased viscosity, and weight loss for BioRoot. The setting of AH Plus was fastened with heat, while its weight loss, viscosity, and flow characteristics were stable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HiFlow, Endosequence, and AH Plus can be all used with WVC obturation techniques. Heat application resulted in minor changes in their physical properties including setting time, flow, weight loss, and chemical properties, while BioRoot showed a significant amount of weight loss, increase in viscosity, and reduced flowability after heat application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Aksel
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Steven Makowka
- Dental Materials Research Laboratory, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Bosaid
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adham A Azim
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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27
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Bose R, Ioannidis K, Foschi F, Bakhsh A, Kelly RD, Deb S, Mannocci F, Niazi SA. Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate Sealers against a Nutrient-Stressed Multispecies Biofilm. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092722. [PMID: 32846942 PMCID: PMC7563851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate sealers (BioRoot RCS and Total Fill BC) and conventional sealers (AH Plus and Tubli-seal) against planktonic bacteria and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of freshly mixed sealers were investigated using the direct contact test (DCT) and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm comprised of five endodontic strains. Antimicrobial activity was determined using quantitative viable counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis with live/dead staining. The pH of the sealers was analysed over a period of 28 days in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey tests and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis with a significance of 5%. Results: All endodontic sealers exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS caused a significant reduction in viable counts of the biofilms compared to AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05), while no significant difference could be observed compared to TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal (p > 0.05). CLSM analysis showed that BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC exhibited significant biofilm inhibition compared to Tubli-seal, AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS presented with the highest microbial killing, followed by TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal. Alkalizing activity was seen from the onset by BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC and AH Plus. After 28 days, BioRoot RCS demonstrated the highest pH in HBSS (pH > 12). Conclusions: Calcium silicate sealers exhibited effective antimicrobial properties. This was demonstrated by superior biofilm inhibition capacity and microbial killing, with strong alkalizing activity compared to epoxy-based and zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bose
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Federico Foschi
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry I. M., Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdulaziz Bakhsh
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert D. Kelly
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Mannocci
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Sadia Ambreen Niazi
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207188-1573
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Ferreira Guimarães Xavier V, Felipe Moreira L, Guimarães Xavier D, Guimarães Xavier J, Steine W. Bioceramic Cements in Endodontics. Oral Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Šimundić Munitić M, Poklepović Peričić T, Utrobičić A, Bago I, Puljak L. Antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available endodontic bioceramic root canal sealers: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223575. [PMID: 31622387 PMCID: PMC6797114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a new generation of bioceramic root canal sealers has been introduced onto the market. Many in vitro studies have investigated the antimicrobial properties of these sealers, but their comparative efficacy in antimicrobial activity is still unknown. Methodology Three electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE and Embase via the OvidSP platform, and Web of Science, up to June 25, 2019. Studies were included irrespective of study design, type of publication and language. Reporting quality was assessed by two authors independently. Meta-analysis was not performed due to studies being highly heterogeneous. Results We included 37 studies that analysed the antimicrobial effects of bioceramic sealers. Most of them used a planktonic cell model, with the exception of nine studies which used biofilms. It was not possible to make direct comparison of results from studies and to give a clear conclusion about the comparative antimicrobial activity of these materials because the studies used heterogeneous sources and ages of microorganisms, setting and contact times of sealers, and antimicrobial tests. Furthermore, some materials showed completely different results when tested with different methods. Conclusions In conclusion, multiple in vitro studies have shown that bioceramic sealers may have various degrees of antimicrobial activity. However, it is still impossible to make conclusions about their comparative efficacy and to recommend the use of one over another in clinical practice because the studies available were conducted in different ways, which makes meta-analysis futile. A uniform methodological approach, consistent definitions and studies on humans are urgently needed in this field of research so that recommendations for practice can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Šimundić Munitić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Dental Polyclinic Split; School of Dental Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Utrobičić
- Cochrane Croatia, Central Medical Library, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bago
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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