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Quigley RM, Kearney M, Kennedy OD, Duncan HF. Tissue engineering approaches for dental pulp regeneration: The development of novel bioactive materials using pharmacological epigenetic inhibitors. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:182-211. [PMID: 38966600 PMCID: PMC11223092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The drive for minimally invasive endodontic treatment strategies has shifted focus from technically complex and destructive root canal treatments towards more conservative vital pulp treatment. However, novel approaches to maintaining dental pulp vitality after disease or trauma will require the development of innovative, biologically-driven regenerative medicine strategies. For example, cell-homing and cell-based therapies have recently been developed in vitro and trialled in preclinical models to study dental pulp regeneration. These approaches utilise natural and synthetic scaffolds that can deliver a range of bioactive pharmacological epigenetic modulators (HDACis, DNMTis, and ncRNAs), which are cost-effective and easily applied to stimulate pulp tissue regrowth. Unfortunately, many biological factors hinder the clinical development of regenerative therapies, including a lack of blood supply and poor infection control in the necrotic root canal system. Additional challenges include a need for clinically relevant models and manufacturing challenges such as scalability, cost concerns, and regulatory issues. This review will describe the current state of bioactive-biomaterial/scaffold-based engineering strategies to stimulate dentine-pulp regeneration, explicitly focusing on epigenetic modulators and therapeutic pharmacological inhibition. It will highlight the components of dental pulp regenerative approaches, describe their current limitations, and offer suggestions for the effective translation of novel epigenetic-laden bioactive materials for innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M. Quigley
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Shi X, Hu X, Jiang N, Mao J. Regenerative endodontic therapy: From laboratory bench to clinical practice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00267-4. [PMID: 38969092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining the vitality and functionality of dental pulp is paramount for tooth integrity, longevity, and homeostasis. Aiming to treat irreversible pulpitis and necrosis, there has been a paradigm shift from conventional root canal treatment towards regenerative endodontic therapy. AIM OF REVIEW This extensive and multipart review presents crucial laboratory and practical issues related to pulp-dentin complex regeneration aimed towards advancing clinical translation of regenerative endodontic therapy and enhancing human life quality. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this multipart review paper, we first present a panorama of emerging potential tissue engineering strategies for pulp-dentin complex regeneration from cell transplantation and cell homing perspectives, emphasizing the critical regenerative components of stem cells, biomaterials, and conducive microenvironments. Then, this review provides details about current clinically practiced pulp regenerative/reparative approaches, including direct pulp capping and root revascularization, with a specific focus on the remaining hurdles and bright prospects in developing such therapies. Next, special attention was devoted to discussing the innovative biomimetic perspectives opened in establishing functional tissues by employing exosomes and cell aggregates, which will benefit the clinical translation of dental pulp engineering protocols. Finally, we summarize careful consideration that should be given to basic research and clinical applications of regenerative endodontics. In particular, this review article highlights significant challenges associated with residual infection and inflammation and identifies future insightful directions in creating antibacterial and immunomodulatory microenvironments so that clinicians and researchers can comprehensively understand crucial clinical aspects of regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Outpatient Department Office, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Kim YR, Yun EB, Ryu DI, Kim BH, Kim JS, Kim YS, Kang JH, Cho EH, Koh JT, Lim HP, Park C, Lee BN. The potential bone regeneration effects of leptin- and osteolectin-coated 3D-printed PCL scaffolds: an in vivostudy. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045008. [PMID: 38688311 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad45d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of bone regeneration upon the application of leptin and osteolectin to a three-dimensional (3D) printed poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold. A fused deposition modeling 3D bioprinter was used to fabricate scaffolds with a diameter of 4.5 mm, a height of 0.5 mm, and a pore size of 420-520 nm using PCL (molecular weight: 43 000). After amination of the scaffold surface for leptin and osteolectin adhesion, the experimental groups were divided into the PCL scaffold (control), the aminated PCL (PCL/Amine) scaffold, the leptin-coated PCL (PCL/Leptin) scaffold, and the osteolectin-coated PCL (PCL/Osteo) scaffold. Next, the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay was used to assess cell viability. All groups exhibited cell viability rates of >100%. Female 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used forin vivoexperiments. Calvarial defects were introduced on the rats' skulls using a 5.5 mm trephine bur. The rats were divided into the PCL (control), PCL/Leptin, and PCL/Osteo scaffold groups. The scaffolds were then inserted into the calvarial defect areas, and the rats were sacrificed after 8-weeks to analyze the defect area. Micro-CT analysis indicated that the leptin- and osteolectin-coated scaffolds exhibited significantly higher bone regeneration. Histological analysis revealed new bone and blood vessels in the calvarial defect area. These findings indicate that the 3D-printed PCL scaffold allows for patient-customized fabrication as well as the easy application of proteins like leptin and osteolectin. Moreover, leptin and osteolectin did not show cytotoxicity and exhibited higher bone regeneration potential than the existing scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Yun
- College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dam-In Ryu
- College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Seon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hyo Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Pil Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Lee M, Lee YS, Shon WJ, Park JC. Physiologic dentin regeneration: its past, present, and future perspectives. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1313927. [PMID: 38148896 PMCID: PMC10750396 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1313927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dentistry has rapidly progressed since the advancement of stem cell biology and material science. However, more emphasis has been placed on the success of tissue formation than on how well the newly generated tissue retains the original structure and function. Once dentin is lost, tertiary dentinogenesis can be induced by new odontoblastic differentiation or re-activation of existing odontoblasts. The characteristic morphology of odontoblasts generates the tubular nature of dentin, which is a reservoir of fluid, ions, and a number of growth factors, and protects the inner pulp tissue. Therefore, understanding the dynamic but delicate process of new dentin formation by odontoblasts, or odontoblast-like cells, following dentinal defects is crucial. In this regard, various efforts have been conducted to identify novel molecules and materials that can promote the regeneration of dentin with strength and longevity. In this review, we focus on recent progress in dentin regeneration research with biological molecules identified, and discuss its potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seon Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gu D, Liu H, Qiu X, Yu Y, Tang X, Liu C, Miao L. Erythropoietin induces odontoblastic differentiation of human-derived pulp stem cells via EphB4-Mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2816-2826. [PMID: 36577689 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human-derived pulp stem cells play key roles during dentinogenesis. Erythropoietin is reportedly involved in osteoblastogenesis and facilitates bone formation. However, the mechanism is still unknown. This research was to study the potential of erythropoietin in enhancing odontoblastic differentiation of human-derived pulp stem cells and to determine the underlying mechanism. METHODS The human-derived pulp stem cells were treated with erythropoietin, EphB4 inhibitor, and MAPK inhibitors, and the odontoblastic differentiation was measured by ALP staining, ALP activity assay, alizarin red S staining, and their quantitative analysis, and RT-qPCR of DSPP, DMP1, OCN, and RUNX2. The direct pulp capping model was established to evaluate the formation of tertiary dentin after treatment with erythropoietin. Western blot assay was conducted to assess relevant protein expressions in the phosphorylated EphB4 and MAPK pathway. RESULTS The results showed that erythropoietin promoted odontoblastic differentiation of human-derived pulp stem cells at 20 U/ml. Erythropoietin induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo. The potential mechanism of this was upregulating phosphorylated EphB4 and phosphorylated MAPK; furthermore, this effect could be decreased by EphB4 inhibitors, which inhibited MAPK phosphorylation. Blockage of MAPK pathways attenuated human-derived pulp stem cells' odontoblastic differentiation, suggesting that MAPK pathways are involved. CONCLUSION Erythropoietin induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo. And erythropoietin enhanced human-derived pulp stem cells' odontoblastic differentiation via the EphB4-mediated MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deao Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Zhengzhou Stomatology Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Qiu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuna Tang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Kearney M, Shimizu E. Epigenetic therapeutics in dental pulp treatment: Hopes, challenges and concerns for the development of next-generation biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:574-593. [PMID: 37213443 PMCID: PMC10199232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment (VPT), but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics. Traditional dentistry is expensive, invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease, rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity. Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based 'fillings' that preserve the dental pulp; research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry, with high failure rates, to smart restorations targeted at biological processes. Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process. Therefore, exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex. This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes in dental-pulp-cells (DPCs) that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability. Consequently, HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects, providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed, inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material. Despite positive results, clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles, dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships. The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp, while considering the next steps, material considerations, challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other 'smart' restorations in VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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Qiu Y, Tian J, Kong S, Feng Y, Lu Y, Su L, Cai Y, Li M, Chang J, Yang C, Wei X. SrCuSi 4 O 10 /GelMA Composite Hydrogel-Mediated Vital Pulp Therapy: Integrating Antibacterial Property and Enhanced Pulp Regeneration Activity. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300546. [PMID: 37260366 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is considered a conservative treatment for preserving pulp viability in caries-induced dental pulp infections. However, bacterial contamination negatively affects dentine-pulp complex repair. The common capping materials show limited antimicrobial effects against some microorganisms. To improve the VPT efficacy, capping materials with increased antibacterial properties and enhanced odontogenic and angiogenic activities are needed. Herein, a SrCuSi4 O10 /gelatin methacrylate(SC/Gel) composite hydrogel has been proposed for infected dental pulp treatment. SrCuSi4 O10 (SC) is a microscale bioceramic composed of assembled multilayered nanosheets that possesses good near-infrared photothermal conversion ability and multiple bioactivities due to sustained Sr2+ , Cu2+ , and SiO3 2- ion release. It is shown that the SC/Gel composite hydrogel efficiently eliminates Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei and inhibits biofilm formation under photothermal heating, while the ion extract from SC promotes odontogenesis of rat dental pulp stem cells and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The as-designed therapeutic effect of SC/Gel composite hydrogel-mediated VPT has been proven in a rat dental pulp infection model and yielded improved dentine-pulp complex repair compared with the commercially used iRoot® BP Plus. This study suggests that the SC/Gel composite hydrogel is a potential pulp-capping material with improved effects on dentine-pulp complex repair in infected pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tian
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Kong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Feng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Yangyu Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Lefeng Su
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
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Leptin in Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041984. [PMID: 35216099 PMCID: PMC8880140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a non-glycosylated 16 kDa protein synthesized mainly in adipose cells. The main function of leptin is to regulate energy homeostasis and weight control in a central manner. There is increasing evidence that leptin also has systemic effects, acting as a link between innate and acquired immune responses. The expression of leptin and its receptor in human dental pulp and periradicular tissues have already been described, as well as several stimulatory effects of leptin protein expression in dental and periodontal tissues. The aim of this paper was to review and to compile the reported scientific literature on the role and effects of leptin in the dental pulp and periapical tissues. Twelve articles accomplished the inclusion criteria, and a comprehensive narrative review was carried out. Review of the available scientific literature concluded that leptin has the following effects on pulpal and periapical physiology: 1) Stimulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 2) Increases the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), odontoblastic proteins involved in odontoblastic differentiation and dentin mineralization, 3) Stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human dental pulp tissue and primary cultured cells of human dental pulp (hDPCs), 4) Stimulates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp cells, and 5) Induces the expression of interleucinas 6 and 8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). There is evidence which suggests that leptin is implicated in the dentin mineralization process and in pulpal and periapical inflammatory and reparative responses.
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Birjandi AA, Sharpe P. Wnt Signalling in Regenerative Dentistry. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.725468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth are complex structures where a soft dental pulp tissue is enriched with nerves, vasculature and connective tissue and encased by the cushioning effect of dentin and the protection of a hard enamel in the crown and cementum in the root. Injuries such as trauma or caries can jeopardise these layers of protection and result in pulp exposure, inflammation and infection. Provision of most suitable materials for tooth repair upon injury has been the motivation of dentistry for many decades. Wnt signalling, an evolutionarily conserved pathway, plays key roles during pre- and post-natal development of many organs including the tooth. Mutations in the components of this pathway gives rise to various types of developmental tooth anomalies. Wnt signalling is also fundamental in the response of odontoblasts to injury and repair processes. The complexity of tooth structure has resulted in diverse studies looking at specific compartments or cell types of this organ. This review looks at the current advances in the field of tooth development and regeneration. The objective of the present review is to provide an updated vision on dental biomaterials research, focusing on their biological properties and interactions to act as evidence for their potential use in vital pulp treatment procedures. We discuss the outstanding questions and future directions to make this knowledge more translatable to the clinics.
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Nagendrababu V, Kishen A, Murray PE, Nekoofar MH, de Figueiredo JAP, Priya E, Jayaraman J, Pulikkotil SJ, Jakovljevic A, Dummer PMH. PRIASE 2021 guidelines for reporting animal studies in Endodontology: explanation and elaboration. Int Endod J 2021; 54:858-886. [PMID: 33492704 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laws and ethics require that before conducting human clinical trials, a new material, device or drug may have to undergo testing in animals in order to minimize health risks to humans, unless suitable supporting grandfather data already exist. The Preferred Reporting Items for Animal Studies in Endodontology (PRIASE) 2021 guidelines were developed exclusively for the specialty of Endodontology by integrating and adapting the ARRIVE (Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) guidelines and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles using a validated consensus-based methodology. Implementation of the PRIASE 2021 guidelines will reduce potential sources of bias and thus improve the quality, accuracy, reproducibility, completeness and transparency of reports describing animal studies in Endodontology. The PRIASE 2021 guidelines consist of a checklist with 11 domains and 43 individual items and a flowchart. The aim of the current document is to provide an explanation for each item in the PRIASE 2021 checklist and flowchart and is supplemented with examples from the literature in order for readers to understand their significance and to provide usage guidance. A link to the PRIASE 2021 explanation and elaboration document and PRIASE 2021 checklist and flowchart is available on the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) website (http://pride-endodonticguidelines.org/priase/).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P E Murray
- Private Consultant, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - M H Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - E Priya
- Division of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Jayaraman
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S J Pulikkotil
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Chen PY, Tsai YW, Chang AYW, Chang HH, Hsiao YH, Huang CW, Sung PS, Chen BH, Fu TF. Increased leptin-b expression and metalloprotease expression contributed to the pyridoxine-associated toxicity in zebrafish larvae displaying seizure-like behavior. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Baranova J, Büchner D, Götz W, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4031. [PMID: 32512908 PMCID: PMC7312198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Vila Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Dominik Büchner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Werner Götz
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital of the University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, NRW, Germany;
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
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Kurotaki Y, Sakai N, Miyazaki T, Hosonuma M, Sato Y, Karakawa A, Chatani M, Myers M, Suzawa T, Negishi-Koga T, Kamijo R, Miyazaki A, Maruoka Y, Takami M. Effects of lipid metabolism on mouse incisor dentinogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5102. [PMID: 32198436 PMCID: PMC7083963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth formation can be affected by various factors, such as oral disease, drug administration, and systemic illness, as well as internal conditions including dentin formation. Dyslipidemia is an important lifestyle disease, though the relationship of aberrant lipid metabolism with tooth formation has not been clarified. This study was performed to examine the effects of dyslipidemia on tooth formation and tooth development. Dyslipidemia was induced in mice by giving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Additionally, LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr−/−) strain mice were used to analyze the effects of dyslipidemia and lipid metabolism in greater detail. In the HFD-fed mice, incisor elongation was decreased and pulp was significantly narrowed, while histological findings revealed disappearance of predentin. In Ldlr−/− mice fed regular chow, incisor elongation showed a decreasing trend and pulp a narrowing trend, while predentin changes were unclear. Serum lipid levels were increased in the HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice, while Ldlr−/− mice given the HFD showed the greatest increase. These results show important effects of lipid metabolism, especially via the LDL receptor, on tooth homeostasis maintenance. In addition, they suggest a different mechanism for WT and Ldlr−/− mice, though the LDL receptor pathway may not be the only factor involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kurotaki
- Division of Community-Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosonuma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yurie Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Akiko Karakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mie Myers
- Division of Community-Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Suzawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasubumi Maruoka
- Division of Community-Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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da Silva GS, Moreira MS, Fukushima KA, Raggio DP, V Mello-Moura AC, Lara JS, Gimenez T, Junior SA, Morimoto S, Tedesco TK. Current evidence of tissue engineering for dentine regeneration in animal models: a systematic review. Regen Med 2020; 15:1345-1360. [PMID: 32148166 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to verify the type of scaffold effect on tissue engineering for dentine regeneration in animal models. Materials & methods: Strategic searches were conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The studies were included with the following eligibility criteria: studies evaluating dentine regeneration, and being an in vivo study. Results: From 1392 identified potentially relevant studies, 15 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All studies described characteristics of neoformed dentine, being that the most reported reparative dentine formation. Most of included studies presented moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: Up to date scientific evidence shows a positive trend to dentine regeneration when considering tissue engineering in animal models, regardless the type of scaffolds used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S da Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Karen A Fukushima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Raggio
- Department of Orthodontic & Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Juan S Lara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry & Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2876, USA
| | - Thais Gimenez
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | | | - Susana Morimoto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Tamara K Tedesco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
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