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Qian P, Yuan G, Yang C, Zhang Q, Chen L, He N. Kuwanon C inhibits proliferation and induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in MDA-MB231 and T47D breast cancer cells. Steroids 2024; 208:109450. [PMID: 38823755 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent malignancy, presenting persistent therapeutic challenges encompassing issues such as drug resistance, recurrent occurrences, and metastatic progression. Therefore, there is a need for targeted drugs that are less toxic and more effective against breast cancer. Kuwanon C, an isoamylated flavonoid derived from mulberry resources, has shown promise as a potential candidate due to its strong cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The present study focused on investigating the anticancer activity of kuwanon C in two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB231 and T47D cells. MTS assay results indicated a decrease in cell proliferation with increasing concentrations of kuwanon C. Furthermore, kuwanon C upregulated the expression levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and effectively inhibited cell DNA replication and induced DNA damage. Flow cytometry confirmed that kuwanon C induced cell apoptosis and upregulated the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and c-caspase3). Additionally, it stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Transmission electron microscopy and Fluo-4 AM-calcium ion staining experiments provided insights into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), revealing that kuwanon C induced ER stress. Kuwanon C upregulated the expression levels of unfolded protein response-related proteins (ATF4, GADD34, HSPA5, and DDIT3). Overall, the present findings suggested that kuwanon C exerts a potent inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell proliferation through modulating of the p21, induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, activation of ER stress and induction of DNA damage. These results position kuwanon C as a potential targeted therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Gangxiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Li R, Wang J, Liu J, Li M, Lu J, Zhou J, Zhang M, Ferri N, Chen H. Mulberry leaf and its effects against obesity: A systematic review of phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms and applications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155528. [PMID: 38555774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and hyperlipidemia can induce a variety of diseases, and have become major health problems worldwide. How to effectively prevent and control obesity has become one of the hot-spots of contemporary research. Mulberry leaf is the dried leaf of Morus alba L., which is approved by the Ministry of Health as a "homology of medicine and food", rich in diverse active constituents and with a variety of health effects including anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemia activities. PURPOSE The review attempts to summarize and provide the molecular basis, mechanism, safety and products for further exploration and application of mulberry leaf on the treatment on the control of weight gain and obesity. METHODS This review is conducted by using ScienceDirect, PubMed, CNKI and Web of Science databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS Based on the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars, the effective phytochemicals, molecular mechanisms and product applications of mulberry leaf in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases were summarized. CONCLUSION Mulberry leaf has excellent medicinal and health care value in obesity treatment. However, its pharmacodynamic substance basis and molecular mechanisms need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jingyang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, Padua 535131, Italy
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Chang B, Bae J, Lee DS, Kim S. Hair growth-promoting effects of Enz_MoriL on human dermal papilla cells through modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:290. [PMID: 38809465 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Enz_MoriL is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the leaves of Morus alba L. through enzymatic conversion. Historically, M. alba L. has been recognized for its potential to promote hair regrowth. However, the precise mechanism by which Enz_MoriL affects human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of Enz_MoriL's effect on hair growth in hDPCs. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was used to examine the effects of Enz_MoriL on hDPCs during the anagen and catagen phases, as well as under conditions mimicking alopecia areata (AA). Enz_MoriL demonstrated the ability to promote cell proliferation in both anagen and catagen stages. It increased the levels of active β-catenin in the catagen stage induced by IFN-γ, leading to its nuclear translocation. This effect was achieved by increasing the phosphorylation of GSK3β and decreasing the expression of DKK-1. This stimulation induced proliferation in hDPCs and upregulated the expression of the Wnt family members 3a, 5a, and 7a at the transcript level. Additionally, Enz_MoriL suppressed JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, contrasting with IFN-γ, which induced them in the catagen stage. In conclusion, Enz_MoriL directly induced signals for anagen re-entry into hDPCs by affecting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and enhancing the production of growth factors. Furthermore, Enz_MoriL attenuated and reversed the interferon-induced AA-like environment by blocking the JAK-STAT pathway in hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoYoon Chang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - JinHye Bae
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - SungYeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Fauzi A, Kifli N, Noor MHM, Hamzah H, Azlan A. Bioactivity, phytochemistry studies and subacute in vivo toxicity of ethanolic leaf extract of white mulberry (Morus alba linn.) in female mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117914. [PMID: 38360381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional uses of Morus alba L. leaf extracts (MLE) have been reported for treating hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Phytochemical compounds in the leaves demonstrated the ability to enhance insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function, suggesting their potential value in reducing blood glucose and treating diabetes. However, the phytochemical constituents and safety of the herbal medicines need to be verified in each experimental field from different growing areas. Studies on the phytochemistry and toxicity of Morus alba leaves in Southeast Asia, especially in Brunei, have never been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the bioactivity and phytochemistry of Morus alba ethanolic leaf extract from Brunei Darussalam and its subacute toxic effects in the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) female mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenolic yield and antioxidant of the extract were analysed. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography were utilised to determine the phenolic compound of the MLE. In the subacute toxicity study, twenty-five female mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, which received oral gavage of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide solvent (DMSO), and the MLE treatment group, which received the extract at a dose of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Physiology, haematology, biochemistry, and histology were evaluated during the study. RESULTS Morus alba leaf depicted total phenolic 10.93 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW), flavonoid 256.67 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g DW, and antioxidant bioactivity content of 602.03 IC50 μg/mL and 13.21 mg Fe2+/g DW. Twenty compounds in the Morus alba ethanolic leaf extract were identified, with chlorogenic acid (305.60 mg/100 g DW) as the primary compound. As for subacute toxicity in this study, neither mortality nor haematological changes were observed. On the other hand, administration of 500 and 1000 mg/kg MLE resulted in mild hepatocellular injury, as indicated by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in liver enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The histopathological score showed mild hepatocellular necrosis in administering 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of MLE. The parameters of renal injury were within normal limits, with the increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm observed in the histological scoring at 1000 mg/kg of MLE. CONCLUSIONS Morus alba leaf extract showed abundant polyphenols. In a study on subacute toxicity, MLE caused mild hepatotoxicity in mice. The toxic effect of the extract may be due to kaempferol and chlorogenic acid compounds. The 125 mg/kg MLE dose was safe with no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fauzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65141, Indonesia.
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE, 1410, Brunei.
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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5
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Chang YC, Yu MH, Huang HP, Chen DH, Yang MY, Wang CJ. Mulberry leaf extract inhibits obesity and protects against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:266-275. [PMID: 38707917 PMCID: PMC11068992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf has been recognized as a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, which was distributed throughout the Asia. The aqueous extract of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) has various biologically active components such as polyphenols and flavonoids. However, the inhibitory effect of MLE in hepatocarcinogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we determined the role of MLE supplementation in preventing hepatocarcinogenesis in a carcinogen-initiated high-fat diet (HFD)-promoted Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. The rats were fed an HFD to induce obesity and spontaneous hepatomas by administering 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in their drinking water for 12 weeks (HD group), and also to fed MLE through oral ingestion at daily doses of 0.5%, 1%, or 2%. At the end of the 12-week experimental period, the liver tumors were analyzed to identify markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities, and their serum was analyzed to determine their nutritional status and liver function. Histopathological analysis revealed that MLE supplementation significantly suppressed the severity and incidence of hepatic tumors. Furthermore, compared with the HFD + DEN groups, the expression of protein kinase C (PKC)-α and Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) was lower in the MLE groups. These findings suggest that MLE prevents obesity-enhanced, carcinogen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development, potentially through the protein kinase C (PKC)α/Rac1 signaling pathway. MLE might be an effective chemoprevention modality for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsun Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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6
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Wei Q, Zhang YH. Flavonoids with Anti-Angiogenesis Function in Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:1570. [PMID: 38611849 PMCID: PMC11013936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, known as angiogenesis, significantly impacts the development of multiple types of cancer. Consequently, researchers have focused on targeting this process to prevent and treat numerous disorders. However, most existing anti-angiogenic treatments rely on synthetic compounds and humanized monoclonal antibodies, often expensive or toxic, restricting patient access to these therapies. Hence, the pursuit of discovering new, affordable, less toxic, and efficient anti-angiogenic compounds is imperative. Numerous studies propose that natural plant-derived products exhibit these sought-after characteristics. The objective of this review is to delve into the anti-angiogenic properties exhibited by naturally derived flavonoids from plants, along with their underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Additionally, we summarize the structure, classification, and the relationship between flavonoids with their signaling pathways in plants as anti-angiogenic agents, including main HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, JNK1/STAT3, and MAPK/AP-1 pathways. Nonetheless, further research and innovative approaches are required to enhance their bioavailability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- School of Medicine, Anhui Xinhua University, 555 Wangjiang West Road, Hefei 230088, China;
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Lu N, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yang J, Zheng S, Wang L, Guo W. Biosynthetic pathways and related genes regulation of bioactive ingredients in mulberry leaves. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2287881. [PMID: 38014901 PMCID: PMC10761104 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2287881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are served not only as fodder for silkworms but also as potential functional food, exhibiting nutritional and medical benefits due to the complex and diverse constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans, which possess a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-diabete, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Nevertheless, compared with the well-studied phytochemistry and pharmacology of mulberry leaves, the current understanding of the biosynthesis mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms of active ingredients in mulberry leaves remain unclear. Natural resources of these active ingredients are limited owing to their low contents in mulberry leaves tissues and the long growth cycle of mulberry. Biosynthesis is emerging as an alternative means for accumulation of the desired high-value compounds, which can broaden channels for their large-scale green productions. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent research advance on the correlative key genes, enzyme biocatalytic reactions and biosynthetic pathways of valuable natural ingredients (i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans) in mulberry leaves, thereby offering important insights for their further biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Shicun Zheng
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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Ningsih KN, Hakim EH. New indole alkaloid Morucolletotricin from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum queenslandicum associated with Morus australis Poir. Leaf. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37690000 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2250520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Six compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungus Colletotrichum queenslandicum derived from Morus australis Poir. leaf. Based on NMR and MS data led to characterised of these compounds including one new indole alkaloid Morucolletotricin (1) along with two other indole alkaloids; tryptopol (2) and indole-3-acetic acid (3), phomopyronol (4), 2-(3-aminophenyl)acetic acid (5) and ergosterol (6). phomopyronol (4) and 2-(3-aminophenyl)acetic acid (5) were first reported from Colletotrichum fungi. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-6 was evaluated against murine leukaemia P-388 cells and showed that all compounds were moderate cytotoxic. phomopyronol (4) was the most active among the five other compounds with IC50 = 37.17 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnia Nastira Ningsih
- Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Natural Product Research Group, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Euis Holisotan Hakim
- Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Natural Product Research Group, Bandung, Indonesia
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Wu S, Yin J, Li X, Xie J, Ding H, Han L, Bie S, Li F, Zhu B, Kang L, Song X, Yu H, Li Z. An Exploration of Dynamic Changes in the Mulberry Growth Process Based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and HS-GC-IMS. Foods 2023; 12:3335. [PMID: 37761044 PMCID: PMC10529768 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work was designed to investigate the dynamic changes process of non-volatile organic compounds (n-VOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in mulberries during different growth periods using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and HS-GC-IMS. A total of 166 compounds were identified, including 68 n-VOCs and 98 VOCs. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA), random forest analysis (RFA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze differences in mulberries at different ripening stages. A total of 74 compounds appeared or disappeared at different ripening periods and 24 compounds were presented throughout the growth process. Quantitative analysis and antioxidant experiments revealed that as the mulberries continued to mature, flavonoids and phenolic acids continued to increase, and the best antioxidant activity occurred from stage IV. Conclusively, an effective strategy was established for analyzing the composition change process during different growth periods, which could assist in achieving dynamic change process analysis and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Xuejuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Jingyi Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Lifeng Han
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Songtao Bie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Xinbo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (S.W.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (J.X.); (H.D.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (B.Z.); (X.S.); (Z.L.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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10
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Aleya A, Mihok E, Pecsenye B, Jolji M, Kertész A, Bársony P, Vígh S, Cziaky Z, Máthé AB, Burtescu RF, Oláh NK, Neamțu AA, Turcuș V, Máthé E. Phytoconstituent Profiles Associated with Relevant Antioxidant Potential and Variable Nutritive Effects of the Olive, Sweet Almond, and Black Mulberry Gemmotherapy Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1717. [PMID: 37760021 PMCID: PMC10525884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracts of whole plants or specific organs from different plant species are gaining increasing attention for their phytotherapy applications. Accordingly, we prepared standardized gemmotherapy extracts (GTEs) from young shoots/buds of olive (Olea europaea), sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus), and black mulberry (Morus nigra), and analyzed the corresponding phytonutrient profiles. We identified 42, 103, and 109 phytonutrients in the olive, almond, and black mulberry GTEs, respectively, containing amino acids, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, iridoids, carboxylic acids, lignans, terpenoids, and others. In order to assess the physiological effects generated by the GTEs, we developed a translational nutrition model based on Drosophila melanogaster and Cyprinus carpio. The results indicate that GTEs could influence, to a variable extent, viability and ATP synthesis, even though both are dependent on the specific carbohydrate load of the applied diet and the amino acid and polyphenol pools provided by the GTEs. It seems, therefore, likely that the complex chemical composition of the GTEs offers nutritional properties that cannot be separated from the health-promoting mechanisms that ultimately increase viability and survival. Such an approach sets the paves the way for the nutritional genomic descriptions regarding GTE-associated health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aleya
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Emőke Mihok
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Bence Pecsenye
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.J.)
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Maria Jolji
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.J.)
| | - Attila Kertész
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Péter Bársony
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Szabolcs Vígh
- Agricultural and Molecular Research Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói Str. 31, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (S.V.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zoltán Cziaky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói Str. 31, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (S.V.); (Z.C.)
| | - Anna-Beáta Máthé
- Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Str. 94, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | | | - Neli-Kinga Oláh
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., 407059 Cluj, Romania; (R.F.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Andreea-Adriana Neamțu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Violeta Turcuș
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
- CE-MONT Mountain Economy Center, Costin C. Kirițescu National Institute of Economic Research, Romanian Academy, Petreni Str. 49, 725700 Suceava, Romania
| | - Endre Máthé
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
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11
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Zhang Y, Miao R, Ma K, Zhang Y, Fang X, Wei J, Yin R, Zhao J, Tian J. Effects and Mechanistic Role of Mulberry Leaves in Treating Diabetes and its Complications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1711-1749. [PMID: 37646143 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a surge burden worldwide owing to its high prevalence and range of associated complications such as coronary artery disease, blindness, stroke, and renal failure. Accordingly, the treatment and management of DM have become a research hotspot. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time, with the first record of its use published in Shennong Bencao Jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica). Mulberry leaves (MLs) are considered highly valuable medicinal food homologs that contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other bioactive substances. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that MLs have multiple bioactive effects, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to protect islet [Formula: see text]-cells, alleviate insulin resistance, and regulate intestinal flora. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of MLs in DM have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the botanical characterization, traditional use, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of MLs, and highlight the mechanisms involved in treating DM and its complications. This review can provide a valuable reference for the further development and utilization of MLs in the prevention and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kaile Ma
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- Development Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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12
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Xiong RG, Wu SX, Cheng J, Saimaiti A, Liu Q, Shang A, Zhou DD, Huang SY, Gan RY, Li HB. Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic Compounds, and Sensory Acceptability of Kombucha-Fermented Beverages from Bamboo Leaf and Mulberry Leaf. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1573. [PMID: 37627568 PMCID: PMC10451197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is traditional drink made from the fermentation of a black tea infusion, and is believed to offer a variety of health benefits. Recently, exploring kombucha made from alternative substrates has become a research hotspot. In this paper, two novel kombucha beverages were produced with bamboo leaf or mulberry leaf for the first time. Moreover, the effects of fermentation with leaf residues (infusion plus residues) or without leaf residues (only infusion) on the antioxidant properties of kombucha were compared. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and high-performance liquid chromatography were utilized to measure the antioxidant capacities, total phenolic contents, as well as some compound concentrations of the kombucha. The results showed that two types of kombucha had high antioxidant capacities. Moreover, kombucha fermented with bamboo leaf residues (infusion plus residues) significantly enhanced its antioxidant capabilities (maximum increase 83.6%), total phenolic content (maximum increase 99.2%), concentrations of some compounds (luteolin-6-C-glucoside and isovitexin), and sensory acceptability, compared to that without residues (only infusion). In addition, fermentation with leaf residues had no significant effect on mulberry leaf kombucha. Overall, the bamboo leaf was more suitable for making kombucha with residues, while the mulberry leaf kombucha was suitable for fermentation with or without residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Gu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (S.-X.W.); (J.C.); (A.S.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Si-Xia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (S.-X.W.); (J.C.); (A.S.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Jin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (S.-X.W.); (J.C.); (A.S.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (S.-X.W.); (J.C.); (A.S.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Q.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ao Shang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Q.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (S.-X.W.); (J.C.); (A.S.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (S.-X.W.); (J.C.); (A.S.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (S.-X.W.); (J.C.); (A.S.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
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13
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Huang J, Li Y, Yu C, Mo R, Zhu Z, Dong Z, Hu X, Deng W. Metabolome and Transcriptome Integrated Analysis of Mulberry Leaves for Insight into the Formation of Bitter Taste. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1282. [PMID: 37372462 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are excellent for health care, confirmed as a 'drug homologous food' by the Ministry of Health, China. The bitter taste of mulberry leaves is one of the main problems that hinders the development of the mulberry food industry. The bitter, unique taste of mulberry leaves is difficult to eliminate by post-processing. In this study, the bitter metabolites in mulberry leaves were identified as flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, coumarins and L-amino acids by a combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of mulberry leaves. The analysis of the differential metabolites showed that the bitter metabolites were diverse and the sugar metabolites were down-regulated, indicating that the bitter taste of mulberry leaves was a comprehensive reflection of various bitter-related metabolites. Multi-omics analysis showed that the main metabolic pathway related to bitter taste in mulberry leaves was galactose metabolism, indicating that soluble sugar was one of the main factors of bitter taste difference in mulberry leaves. Bitter metabolites play a great role in the medicinal and functional food of mulberry leaves, but the saccharides in mulberry leaves have a great influence on the bitter taste of mulberry. Therefore, we propose to retain bitter metabolites with drug activity in mulberry leaves and increase the content of sugars to improve the bitter taste of mulberry leaves as strategies for mulberry leaf food processing and mulberry breeding for vegetable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Cui Yu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Rongli Mo
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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14
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Guo L, Dong Z, Zhang X, Yang Y, Hu X, Ji Y, Li C, Wan S, Xu J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liu L, Shi Y, Wu Z, Liu Y, Cui H. Morusinol extracted from Morus alba induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibition of DNA damage response in melanoma by CHK1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154765. [PMID: 37004403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-thrombosis and so on. Morusinol, as a novel isoprene flavonoid extracted from Morus alba root barks, has the effects of anti-arterial thrombosis and anti-inflammatory in previous studies. However, the anti-cancer mechanism of morusinol remains unclear. PURPOSE In present study, we mainly studied the anti-tumor effect of morusinol and its mode of action in melanoma. METHODS The anti-cancer effect of morusinol on melanoma were evaluated by using the MTT, EdU, plate clone formation and soft agar assay. Flow cytometry was used for detecting cell cycle and apoptosis. The ɣ-H2AX immunofluorescence and the alkaline comet assay were used to detect DNA damage and the Western blotting analysis was used to investigate the expressions of DNA-damage related proteins. Ubiquitination and turnover of CHK1 were also detected by using the immunoprecipitation assay. The cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) mouse models were used in vivo to evaluate the effect of morusinol on tumorigenicity. RESULTS We demonstrated that morusinol not only had the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, but also induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, caspase-dependent apoptosis and DNA damage in human melanoma cells. In addition, morusinol effectively inhibited the growth of melanoma xenografts in vivo. More strikingly, CHK1, which played an important role in maintaining the integrity of cell cycle, genomic stability and cell viability, was down-regulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner after morusinol treatment. Further research showed that CHK1 was degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Whereafter, morusinol-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage were partially salvaged by overexpressing CHK1 in melanoma cell lines. Herein, further experiments demonstrated that morusinol increased the sensitivity of dacarbazine (DTIC) to chemotherapy for melanoma in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Morusinol induces CHK1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage response in melanoma. Our study firstly provided a theoretical basis for morusinol to be a candidate drug for clinical treatment of cancer, such as melanoma, alone or combinated with dacarbazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuanmiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yacong Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yaqiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Zonghui Wu
- Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
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15
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Leite FF, de Sousa NF, de Oliveira BHM, Duarte GD, Ferreira MDL, Scotti MT, Filho JMB, Rodrigues LC, de Moura RO, Mendonça-Junior FJB, Scotti L. Anticancer Activity of Chalcones and Its Derivatives: Review and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104009. [PMID: 37241750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are direct precursors in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. They have an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system which gives them broad biological properties. Among the biological properties exerted by chalcones, their ability to suppress tumors stands out, in addition to their low toxicity. In this perspective, the present work explores the role of natural and synthetic chalcones and their anticancer activity in vitro reported in the last four years from 2019 to 2023. Moreover, we carried out a partial least square (PLS) analysis of the biologic data reported for colon adenocarcinoma lineage HCT-116. Information was obtained from the Web of Science database. Our in silico analysis identified that the presence of polar radicals such as hydroxyl and methoxyl contributed to the anticancer activity of chalcones derivatives. We hope that the data presented in this work will help researchers to develop effective drugs to inhibit colon adenocarcinoma in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ferreira Leite
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hanrry Melo de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Diniz Duarte
- Post-Graduate Program in Development and Innovation of Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Denise Leite Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Cezar Rodrigues
- Post-Graduate Program in Development and Innovation of Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceuticals Sciences Paraiba State University, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
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16
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Chen S, Xi M, Gao F, Li M, Dong T, Geng Z, Liu C, Huang F, Wang J, Li X, Wei P, Miao F. Evaluation of mulberry leaves’ hypoglycemic properties and hypoglycemic mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1045309. [PMID: 37089923 PMCID: PMC10117911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1045309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of herbal medicine in treating diabetes has grown in recent years, but the precise mechanism by which it does so is still unclear to both medical professionals and diabetics. In traditional Chinese medicine, mulberry leaf is used to treat inflammation, colds, and antiviral illnesses. Mulberry leaves are one of the herbs with many medicinal applications, and as mulberry leaf study grows, there is mounting evidence that these leaves also have potent anti-diabetic properties. The direct role of mulberry leaf as a natural remedy in the treatment of diabetes has been proven in several studies and clinical trials. However, because mulberry leaf is a more potent remedy for diabetes, a deeper understanding of how it works is required. The bioactive compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, volatile oils, sterols, amino acids, and a variety of inorganic trace elements and vitamins, among others, have been found to be abundant in mulberry leaves. Among these compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols have a stronger link to diabetes. Of course, trace minerals and vitamins also contribute to blood sugar regulation. Inhibiting alpha glucosidase activity in the intestine, regulating lipid metabolism in the body, protecting pancreatic -cells, lowering insulin resistance, accelerating glucose uptake by target tissues, and improving oxidative stress levels in the body are some of the main therapeutic properties mentioned above. These mechanisms can effectively regulate blood glucose levels. The therapeutic effects of the bioactive compounds found in mulberry leaves on diabetes mellitus and their associated molecular mechanisms are the main topics of this paper’s overview of the state of the art in mulberry leaf research for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Chen
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xi’an TANK Medicinal Biology Institute, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - TaiWei Dong
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhixin Geng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
| | - Feng Miao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
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17
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Abbas AA, Dawood KM. Anticancer therapeutic potential of benzofuran scaffolds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11096-11120. [PMID: 37056966 PMCID: PMC10086673 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzofuran moiety is the main component of many biologically active natural and synthetic heterocycles. These heterocycles have unique therapeutic potentials and are involved in various clinical drugs. The reported results confirmed the extraordinary inhibitory potency of such benzofurans against a panel of human cancer cell lines compared with a wide array of reference anticancer drugs. Several publications about the anticancer potencies of benzofuran-based heterocycles were encountered. The recent developments of anticancer activities of both natural and synthetic benzofuran scaffolds during 2019-2022 are thoroughly covered. Many of the described benzofurans are promising candidates for development as anticancer agents based on their outstanding inhibitory potency against a panel of human cancer cells compared with reference anticancer drugs. These findings encourage medicinal chemists to explore new areas to improve human health and reduce suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +20-2-35727556 +20-2-35676602
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +20-2-35727556 +20-2-35676602
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18
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Guo S, Gu D, Liu C, Tang S, Wang Y, Yang Y. High-speed counter-current chromatographic separation and thermodynamic mechanism of an antioxidant from Morus alba leaves. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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19
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Cinar‐Asa S, Coskun D, Akgun O, Akgun H, Fatih Coskun M, Ari F. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New Benzofuran‐Chalcone Hybrids and Their Water Soluble Sodium Salts. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Cinar‐Asa
- Uludag University Science and Art Faculty Department of Biology 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Demet Coskun
- Firat University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry 23119 Elazig Turkiye
| | - Oguzhan Akgun
- Uludag University Science and Art Faculty Department of Biology 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Halime Akgun
- Uludag University Science and Art Faculty Department of Biology 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Coskun
- Firat University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry 23119 Elazig Turkiye
| | - Ferda Ari
- Uludag University Science and Art Faculty Department of Biology 16059 Bursa Turkey
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20
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Wani MY, Ganie NA, Wani DM, Wani AW, Dar SQ, Khan AH, A Khan N, Manzar MS, Dehghani MH. The phenolic components extracted from mulberry fruits as bioactive compounds against cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1136-1152. [PMID: 36592613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, mulberry has long been used to treat various infectious and internal ailments as a traditional medication. The compounds found in it have the potential to improve human health. Because there is no approved and defined evaluation procedure, it has not been formally or scientifically recognized. As a result of these investigations, a new frontier in traditional Chinese medicine has opened up, with the possibility of modernization, for the interaction between active components of mulberry and their biological activities. These studies have used current biotechnological technologies. For ages, mulberry has been used as an herbal remedy in Asia to cure various diseases and internal disorders. It has a high concentration of bioactive chemicals that benefit human health. The most abundant phenolic components extracted from white mulberry leaves are flavonoids (Kuwanons, Moracinflavans, Moragrols, and Morkotins), phenolic acids, alkaloids, and so forth. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones, and alkaloids have been discovered to have cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. There is growing evidence that mulberry fruits can potentially prevent cancer and other aging-related disorders due to their high concentration of bioactive polyphenolic-rich compounds and macro and micronutrients. Anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed after eating, arriving in the plasmalemma within 15-50 min and entirely removed after 6-8 hr. Due to a lack of an approved and consistent technique for its examination, it has yet to be formally or scientifically recognized. The mulberry plant is commercially grown for silkworm rearing, and less attention is paid to its bioactive molecules, which have a lot of applications in human health. This review paper discusses the phenolic compounds of white mulberry and black mulberry in detail concerning their role in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Younus Wani
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - N A Ganie
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - D M Wani
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - S Q Dar
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, Mewat Engineering College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Saood Manzar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Morus alba (White Mulberry) Leaf Extract as Potential Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031213. [PMID: 36770881 PMCID: PMC9920803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Morus alba or white mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and assess their antibacterial and anticancer potential. The GC-MS analysis of MLE confirmed the existence of phenolic compounds, serving as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The MLE-AgNPs were spherical, with an average particle size of 20-44.5 nm and a face-centered cubic structure. EDX spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs, and a negative zeta potential value (-14.5 mV) suggested their physicochemical stability. Excellent antibacterial activity was demonstrated by MLE-AgNPs against Acinetobacter baumannii strains with a MIC of 2 μg/mL, while good activity was observed against other Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria with a MIC of 32 μg/mL. In vitro cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells) and MCF-10A (normal human mammary epithelial cells) were investigated by the MTT assay. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against MCF-7 cells were 18 and 33 μg/mL for MLE-AgNPs and MLE, respectively, with no effect on normal MCF-10A cells. Altogether, the results support the high antibacterial and anticancer potential of biosynthesized AgNPs by white mulberry leaf extract.
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22
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Sericultural By-Products: The Potential for Alternative Therapy in Cancer Drug Design. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020850. [PMID: 36677907 PMCID: PMC9861160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Major progress has been made in cancer research; however, cancer remains one of the most important health-related burdens. Sericulture importance is no longer limited to the textile industry, but its by-products, such as silk fibroin or mulberry, exhibit great impact in the cancer research area. Fibroin, the pivotal compound that is found in silk, owns superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, representing one of the most important biomaterials. Numerous studies have reported its successful use as a drug delivery system, and it is currently used to develop three-dimensional tumor models that lead to a better understanding of cancer biology and play a great role in the development of novel antitumoral strategies. Moreover, sericin's cytotoxic effect on various tumoral cell lines has been reported, but also, it has been used as a nanocarrier for target therapeutic agents. On the other hand, mulberry compounds include various bioactive elements that are well known for their antitumoral activities, such as polyphenols or anthocyanins. In this review, the latest progress of using sericultural by-products in cancer therapy is discussed by highlighting their notable impact in developing novel effective drug strategies.
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23
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Hu L, Chen D, Zhou W, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effects of Growth Period and Storage Methods on Primary Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Morus alba L. Leaf. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010148. [PMID: 36615342 PMCID: PMC9821893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Mulberry leaves have been widely consumed due to their richness in bioactive substances and high antioxidant activity. The choice of storage method to ensure the quality of mulberry leaves is a challenge in the supply process. (2) Methods: The differences in primary metabolites of freeze-dried mulberry leaf powder after 30 days of storage under different storage conditions (i.e., vacuum or non-vacuum, 4 °C or room temperature) were investigated. (3) Results: A low temperature and vacuum had better preservation effects on the types and activity of the primary metabolites of mulberry leaves, with vacuum preservation being the best. However, the types of primary metabolites in mulberry leaves were significantly reduced after non-vacuum storage at room temperature compared to those with other storage methods. Among the metabolites detected, including dehydroascorbic acid, various phenolic acids, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates showed a significant decrease in their contents of more than 40%, and there was a significant increase in the contents of various compounds of the muconic acid biosynthetic pathway compared to those in other storage methods. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of mulberry leaves stored at room temperature under non-vacuum conditions was also significantly reduced. (4) Conclusions: Vacuum storage is the most ideal storage method for preserving mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
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24
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Saylor JL, Basile ON, Li H, Hunter LM, Weaver A, Shellenberger BM, Ann Tom L, Ma H, Seeram NP, Henry GE. Phenolic furanochromene hydrazone derivatives: Synthesis, antioxidant activity, ferroptosis inhibition, DNA cleavage and DNA molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 75:117088. [PMID: 36372027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four phenolic furanochromene hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized in order to evaluate structure-activity relationships in a series of antioxidant-related assays. The derivatives have varying substitution patterns on the phenol ring, with some compounds having one, two or three hydroxy groups, and others containing one hydroxy group in combination with methoxy, methyl, bromo, iodo and/or nitro groups. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging and CUPRAC assays. Compounds containing ortho-dihydroxy and para-dihydroxy patterns had the highest free radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values ranging from 5.0 to 28 μM. Similarly, derivatives with ortho-dihydroxy and para-dihydroxy patterns, together with a 4-hydroxy-3,5‑dimethoxy pattern, displayed strong copper (II) ion reducing capacity, using Trolox as a standard. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) coefficients for these derivatives ranged from 1.75 to 3.97. As further evidence of antioxidant potential, greater than half of the derivatives reversed erastin-induced ferroptosis in HaCaT cells. In addition, twenty-three of the derivatives were effective at cleaving supercoiled plasmid DNA in the presence of copper (II) ions at 1 mM, with the 3,4‑dihydroxy derivative showing cleavage to both the linear and open circular forms at 3.9 uM. The interaction of the phenolic furanochromene derivatives with DNA was confirmed by molecular docking studies, which revealed that all the derivatives bind favorably in the minor groove of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Saylor
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Olivia N Basile
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Huifang Li
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Lindsey M Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Ashton Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Blake M Shellenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Lou Ann Tom
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Geneive E Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA.
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Protective Effect of Flavonoids from Mulberry Leaf on AAPH-Induced Oxidative Damage in Sheep Erythrocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217625. [PMID: 36364452 PMCID: PMC9654144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the antioxidant activity of flavonoids extracted from Chinese herb mulberry leaves (ML), flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) were extracted and purified by using ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction and D101 macroporous resin. Using LC-MS/MS-Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis, hesperidin, rutoside, hyperoside, cyanidin-3-o-glucoside, myricitrin, cyanidin, and quercetin were identified, and NMR and UV were consistent with the verification of IR flavonoid characteristics. The antioxidant activity of FML has also been evaluated as well as the protective effect on 2,2 0-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress. The results showed that FML exhibited powerful antioxidant activity. Moreover, FML showed dose-dependent protection against AAPH-induced sheep erythrocytes’ oxidative hemolysis. In the enzymatic antioxidant system, pretreatment with high FML maintained the balance of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px; in the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, the content of MDA can be effectively reduced after FML treatment. This study provides a research basis for the development of natural products from mulberry leaves.
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26
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Ferreira DM, de Oliveira NM, Lopes L, Machado J, Oliveira MB. Potential Therapeutic Properties of the Leaf of Cydonia Oblonga Mill. Based on Mineral and Organic Profiles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2638. [PMID: 36235504 PMCID: PMC9573453 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf extract of Cydonia Oblonga Mill. is interesting for further exploration of the potential of its substrates for therapeutic supplements. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted on samples of green (October), yellow (November), and brown (December) quince leaves collected in the region of Pinhel, Portugal. Mineral analysis determined the measurements of the levels of several macro- and micro-elements. Organic analysis assessed the moisture content, total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin E, and fatty acid (FA) profiles. Mineral analysis was based on ICP-MS techniques, while the profiles of vitamin E and FA relied on HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-FID techniques, respectively. Moisture content was determined through infrared hygrometry and TPC was determined by spectrophotometric methods. Regarding the mineral content, calcium, magnesium, and iron were the most abundant minerals. Concerning organic analysis, all leaf samples showed similar moisture content, while the TPC of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and total vitamin E content, the most predominant of which was the α-tocopherol isomer, showed significant variations between green-brown and yellow leaves. FA composition in all leaf samples exhibited higher contents of SFA and PUFA than MUFA, with a predominance of palmitic and linolenic acids. Organic and inorganic analysis of quince leaves allow for the prediction of adequate physiological properties, mainly cardiovascular, pulmonary, and immunological defenses, which with our preliminary in silico studies suggest an excellent supplement to complementary therapy, including drastic pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Melo Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália M. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Biosciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Lopes
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Biosciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Biosciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Beatriz Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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27
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WANG M, ZHANG W, WANG N. Covalent flavoproteins: types, occurrence, biogenesis and catalytic mechanisms. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:749-760. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Ma Q, Li Y, Zhao R, Tang Z, Li J, Chen C, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang T, Zhao B. Therapeutic mechanisms of mulberry leaves in type 2 diabetes based on metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954477. [PMID: 36110521 PMCID: PMC9468646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is considered as one of the most significant metabolic syndromes worldwide, and the long-term use of the drugs already on the market for T2D often gives rise to some side effects. The mulberry leaf (ML), Morus alba L., has advantages in terms of its comprehensive therapeutic efficacy, which are characterized as multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway, and matching with the complex pathological mechanisms of diabetes. Methods: T2D rats were established by a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin; an evaluation of the hypoglycemic effects of the ML in combination with fasting blood glucose and other indicators, in addition to the utilization of metabolomics technology, was performed to analysis the metabolite changes in serum of rats. Results: MLs significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose of T2D rats, while improving the symptoms of polyphagia and polyuria. ML treatment altered the levels of various metabolites in the serum of T2D rats, which are involved in multiple metabolic pathways (amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism), played a role in antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation, modulated immune and gluconeogenesis processes, and improved obesity as well as insulin resistance (IR). Conclusion: The ML contains a variety of chemical components, and metabolomic results have shown that MLs regulate multiple metabolic pathways to exert hypoglycemic effects, suggesting that MLs may have great promise in the development of new hypoglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Baosheng Zhao,
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Baosheng Zhao,
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29
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Interaction between Gelatin and Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides in Miscible System: Physicochemical Characteristics and Rheological Behavior. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111571. [PMID: 35681321 PMCID: PMC9180381 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the miscible system was formed by mixing gelatin (G) with mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) continuously extracted with a hot buffer (HBSS), a chelating agent (CHSS), a dilute alkali (DASS), and a concentrated alkali (CASS), and the zeta potential, turbidity, particle size, distribution, and rheological properties of the miscible systems were evaluated. Under acidic conditions, the miscible systems of four polysaccharides and gelatin were in a clear state; under alkaline conditions, G-HBSS and G-CHSS were clarified, and G-DASS and G-CASS changed from clarification to turbidity. The zeta potential changed from positive to negative with the increase in pH. When the pH was at 7, it increased with the increase in polysaccharide concentration but was still negative. The four miscible systems all showed polydispersity. The particle sizes of G-HBSS and G-CHSS decreased with the increase in pH, while the particle sizes of G-DASS and G-CASS were increased. The four miscible systems showed “shear thinning” behavior, and the addition of gelatin reduced the apparent viscosity of the four polysaccharide solutions. G-CHSS was highly stable, and G-CASS was more suitable as a stabilizer in the freezing process.
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30
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Marchetti L, Truzzi E, Frosi I, Papetti A, Cappellozza S, Saviane A, Pellati F, Bertelli D. In vitro bioactivity evaluation of mulberry leaf extracts as nutraceuticals for the management of diabetes mellitus. Food Funct 2022; 13:4344-4359. [PMID: 35297930 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for new options to treat diabetes mellitus at its early stage and natural remedies have been recently reassessed as potential candidates owing to their low-cost and effectiveness. Genus Morus plants contain many active compounds with hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. Current research on mulberry chemical composition and bioactivity has been generally carried out only on Asian cultivation, where this plant has been traditionally used in the form of leaf infusion for decades. In this work, twelve Italian mulberry cultivars were fully characterised to fill this gap of knowledge, since a strong correlation among composition, genetics and growing area was proven. Antiglycative and hypoglycaemic effects of leaf extracts were evaluated using different in vitro models. The results indicate that the inhibitory effect on carbohydrate digestive enzymes was likely mediated by 1-deoxynojirimycin, kaempferol, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid, acting in a synergistic way. Besides, the combined antiglycative and carbonyl trapping capacities, tested here for the first time, may help in preventing long-term complications related to AGEs in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy. .,Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Frosi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro per la Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Laboratorio di Gelsibachicoltura, Via Eulero, 6a, 35143 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro per la Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Laboratorio di Gelsibachicoltura, Via Eulero, 6a, 35143 Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Davide Bertelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Ma G, Chai X, Hou G, Zhao F, Meng Q. Phytochemistry, bioactivities and future prospects of mulberry leaves: A review. Food Chem 2022; 372:131335. [PMID: 34818743 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves (MLs) have been used traditionally to raise silkworms and as herbs and herbal drinks. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as some clinical trials provide some evidence of health benefits, mostly for ML extracts. ML extracts showed antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anticholesterol (affecting lipid metabolism), antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities, and so on. These might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, reduction of foam cell formation, inhibition of fat formation, decrease of NF-κB activity, and the promotion or induction of apoptosis. Phenolic constituents, especially flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids, are likely to contribute to the reported effects. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of MLs confer the traditional and current uses as medicine, food, fodder, and cosmetics. This paper reviews the economic value, chemical composition and pharmacology of MLs to provide a reference for the development and utilization of MLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Chew HC, Tang PL, Tan XY, Tan HY. Effect of mulberry leaf extract fortification and probiotic fermentation on the bioactivities of cottage cheese. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abdel-Khalek HH, Mattar ZA. Biological activities of Egyptian grape and mulberry by-products and their potential use as natural sources of food additives and nutraceuticals foods. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC8776558 DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Liu B, Liu F, Xu Y. Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.): A review of its potential influences in mechanisms of action on metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106029. [PMID: 34896248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Morus alba L. (called Sangye in Chinese, ML), which belong to the genus Morus., are highly valuable edible plants in nutrients and nutraceuticals. In Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea, ML are widely used as functional foods including beverages, noodles and herbal tea because of its biological and nutritional value. Meanwhile, ML-derived products in the form of powders, extracts and capsules are widely consumed as dietary supplements for controlling blood glucose and sugar. Clinical studies showed that ML play an important role in the treatment of metabolic diseases including the diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and hypertension. People broadly use ML due to their nutritiousness, deliciousness, safety, and abundant active benefits. However, the systematic pharmacological mechanisms of ML on metabolic diseases have not been fully revealed. Therefore, in order to fully utilize and scale relevant products about ML, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about the ML and its constituents effecting on metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
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Tang PL, Goh HS, Sia SS. Combined enzymatic hydrolysis and herbal extracts fortification to boost in vitro antioxidant activity of edible bird’s nest solution. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:549-555. [PMID: 36119365 PMCID: PMC9476631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a popular traditional tonic food in Chinese population for centuries. Malaysia is one of the main EBN suppliers in the world. This study aims to explore the best strategy to boost the antioxidant potential of EBN solution. Methods In this study, the raw EBN (4%, mass to volume ratio) was initially enzymatic hydrolyzed using papain enzyme to produce EBN hydrolysate (EBNH), then spray-dried into powdered form. Next, 4% (mass to volume ratio) of EBNH powder was dissolved in ginger extract (GE), mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and cinnamon twig extract (CTE) to detect the changes of antioxidant activities, respectively. Results Results obtained suggest that enzymatic hydrolysis significantly reduced the viscosity of 4% EBN solution from (68.12 ± 0.69) mPa·s to (7.84 ± 0.31) mPa·s. Besides, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total soluble protein, DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were substantially increased following EBN hydrolysis using papain enzyme. In addition, fortification with GE, MLE and CTE had further improved the TPC, TFC, DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP of the EBNH solution. Among the samples, MLE-EBNH solution showed the most superior antioxidant potential at (86.39 ± 1.66)% of DPPH scavenging activity and (19.79 ± 2.96) mmol/L FeSO4 of FRAP. Conclusion This study proved that combined enzymatic hydrolysis and MLE fortification is the best strategy to produce EBN product with prominent in vitro antioxidant potential. This preliminary study provides new insight into the compatibility of EBN with different herbal extracts for future health food production.
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Abdi SAH, Ali A, Sayed SF, Ahsan MJ, Tahir A, Ahmad W, Shukla S, Ali A. Morusflavone, a New Therapeutic Candidate for Prostate Cancer by CYP17A1 Inhibition: Exhibited by Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091912. [PMID: 34579444 PMCID: PMC8468843 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Morusflavone, a flavonoid from Morus alba L., was evaluated for its interactive ability and stability with CYP17A1, in comparison with abiraterone, which is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CYP17A1 inhibitor. CYP17A1 inhibition is an important therapeutic target for prostate cancer. The CHAMM36 force field was used to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in this study. The results show that Morusflavone has significant interactive ability and stability for CYP17A1, in comparison with abiraterone. The final interaction energies for the Morusflavone–CYP17A1 and abiraterone–CYP17A1 complexes were −246.252 KJ/mol and −207.86 KJ/mol, respectively. Since there are only limited therapeutic agents available, such as abiraterone, galeterone, and seviteronel, which are being developed for prostate cancer, information on any potent natural anticancer compounds, such as vinca alkaloids, for prostate cancer treatment is limited. The results of this study show that CYP17A1 inhibition by Morusflavone could be an important therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Further preclinical and clinical evaluations of the lead compound Morusflavone are required to evaluate whether it can serve as a potential inhibitor of CYP17A1, which will be a new hope for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shabihul Fatma Sayed
- Department of Nursing, University College Farasan Campus, Jazan University, Jazan 54943, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Ambabari Circle, Jaipur 302 039, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Abu Tahir
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghukul College of Pharmacy, Bhopal 462 003, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shatrunajay Shukla
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Chang BY, Koo BS, Kim SY. Pharmacological Activities for Morus alba L., Focusing on the Immunostimulatory Property from the Fruit Aqueous Extract. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081966. [PMID: 34441742 PMCID: PMC8393821 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the extraction method, numerous compounds that have specific pharmacological effects can be obtained from M. alba L. There is a growing scientific interest in health problems related to aging. Efforts to develop safe immune-enhancing pharmaceuticals are increasing. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss the immunity enhancement effects and pharmaceutical efficacy of M. alba L. extracts. The scientific database search was conducted using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed until May 2021. Additional articles were identified and obtained from references in the retrieved articles. Ethanol or methanol extraction of various parts of M. alba L. identified a large amount of phenols and flavonoids, which are effective for immunosuppression, antioxidants, and cardiovascular diseases, and are antibacterial, and anticancer. Water extraction of M. alba L. enhanced the innate immune response based on immune cell activation. A polysaccharide and an alkaloid related to increased macrophage activity were isolated from M. alba L. fruit extracts. M. alba L. fruit water extracts primarily induced the production of pro-inflammatory substances, in model organisms, via TLR4 in immune cells. Water extracts have been shown to be effective in pathogen defense and tumor suppression by enhancing macrophage activity. Based on our literature review on the bioactivity of M. alba L. fruit extracts, particularly in relation to their immunity enhancement activity, we anticipate that M. alba-derived pharmaceuticals will have excellent potential in future medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yoon Chang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Bong-Seong Koo
- ForBioKorea Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08592, Korea;
| | - Sung-Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6806
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Pirouz M, Saeed Abaee M, Harris P, Mojtahedi MM. One-pot synthesis of benzofurans via heteroannulation of benzoquinones. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Three different reactions were explored leading to the synthesis of various benzofurans. All reactions took place under AcOH catalysis in a one-pot manner. As a result, benzoquinone derivatives underwent heteroannulation with either itself or cyclohexanones to produce furanylidene-benzofuran or benzofuran structures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pirouz
- Organic Chemistry Department , Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran , P.O. Box 14335-186 , Tehran , Iran
| | - M. Saeed Abaee
- Organic Chemistry Department , Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran , P.O. Box 14335-186 , Tehran , Iran
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Chen C, Mohamad Razali UH, Saikim FH, Mahyudin A, Mohd Noor NQI. Morus alba L. Plant: Bioactive Compounds and Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030689. [PMID: 33807100 PMCID: PMC8004891 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. (M. alba) is a highly adaptable plant that is extensively incorporated in many traditional and Ayurveda medications. Various parts of the plant, such as leaves, fruits, and seeds, possess nutritional and medicinal value. M. alba has abundant phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and volatile aromatic compounds, indicating its excellent pharmacological abilities. M. alba also contains high nutraceutical values for protein, carbohydrates, fiber, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals, as well as a low lipid value. However, despite its excellent biological properties and nutritional value, M. alba has not been fully considered as a potential functional food ingredient. Therefore, this review reports on the nutrients and bioactive compounds available in M. alba leaves, fruit, and seeds; its nutraceutical properties, functional properties as an ingredient in foodstuffs, and a microencapsulation technique to enhance polyphenol stability. Finally, as scaling up to a bigger production plant is needed to accommodate industrial demand, the study and limitation on an M. alba upscaling process is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Centhyea Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.C.); (U.H.M.R.)
| | - Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.C.); (U.H.M.R.)
| | - Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim
- Institute of Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (F.H.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Azniza Mahyudin
- Institute of Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (F.H.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.C.); (U.H.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-19-7920816
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Li B, Yin Y, Kang L, Feng L, Liu Y, Du Z, Tian Y, Zhang L. A review: Application of allelochemicals in water ecological restoration--algal inhibition. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128869. [PMID: 33218724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Problems caused by harmful algal blooms have attracted worldwide attention due to their severe harm to aquatic ecosystems, prompting researchers to study applicable measures to inhibit the growth of algae. Allelochemicals, as secondary metabolites secreted by plants, have excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, obvious algal inhibiting effect and little ecological harm, and have promising application prospect in the field of water ecological restoration. This review summarized the research progress of allelochemicals, including (i) definition, development, and classification, (ii) influencing factors and mechanism of algal inhibition, (iii) the preparation methods of algal inhibitors based on allelochemicals. The future research directions of allelochemicals sustained-released microspheres (SRMs) were also prospected. In the future, it is urgent to explore more efficient allelochemicals, to study the regulation mechanism of allelochemicals in natural water bodies, and to improve the preparation method of allelopathic algal suppressant. This paper proposed a feasible direction for the development of allelochemicals SRMs which exhibited certain guiding significance for their application in water ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yijun Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Longfei Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ziwen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yajun Tian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ho IYM, Abdul Aziz A, Mat Junit S. Evaluation of Anti-proliferative Effects of Barringtonia racemosa and Gallic Acid on Caco-2 Cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9987. [PMID: 32561807 PMCID: PMC7305318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Barringtonia racemosa leaf water extract (BLE) had been shown to have high gallic acid (GA) content and BLE has been postulated to have anti-proliferative effects towards colorectal cancer. This study aims to further investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-proliferative effect of BLE in Caco-2 cells and to determine if GA is responsible for the observed effects. Both BLE and GA inhibited Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cells exposed to IC50 concentration of BLE and GA showed reduced antioxidant activities. GA-treated Caco-2 cells experienced higher oxidative stress compared to cells treated with BLE. Both BLE and GA significantly up-regulated the expression of SLC2A1. BLE but not GA, significantly down-regulated the expression of ADH4. Meanwhile, GA but not BLE, significantly up-regulated AKRIB10 and GLO1 but significantly down-regulated HAGH. Alterations in gene expression were coupled with changes in extracellular glucose and pyruvate levels. While BLE decreased intracellular pyruvate, GA did the opposite. Both intracellular and extracellular D-lactate were not affected by either BLE or GA. GA showed more pronounced effects on apoptosis while BLE irreversibly reduced cell percentage in the G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the multiple-actions of BLE against Caco-2 cells, potentially involving various polyphenolic compounds, including GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y M Ho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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