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Ahmadi M, Salimi M, Saraei M, Nezhad NS, Javadi A, Mohammadi F, Heydarian P, Ali E, Hajialilo E. In vitro anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of Ganoderma lucidum extracts. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:82. [PMID: 37202827 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ganoderma extracts have the potential to be used as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, and antimicrobial agents, as evaluated in numerous studies. This study was aimed to determine the lethal and inhibitory effects of aqueous, hydroalcoholic, and alcoholic extracts of Ganoderma lucidum on Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites, in vitro. RESULTS All three types of extracts showed toxoplasmacidal effects. The highest percentage of mortality was related to hydroalcoholic extract. The EC50 of Ganoderma extracts for tachyzoites were 76.32, 3.274, and 40.18 for aqueous, hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts, respectively. The selectivity index obtained for hydroalcoholic extract was 71.22, showing the highest activity compared to other extracts. According to our findings, the hydroalcoholic part was the most effective substance among the extracts. This basic study showed obvious anti-toxoplasma effect of Ganoderma lucidum extracts. These extracts can be used as candidates for further in-depth and comprehensive studies especially In vivo experiments to prevent toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Salimi
- Department of medical parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Saraei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Niloofar Salavati Nezhad
- Department of medicine Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mohammadi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Peyman Heydarian
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elham Hajialilo
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Edoh SP, Sani D, Mbah CE, Yusuf H, Jolayemi KO, Ibrahim MK. Evaluation of the toxicity of crude aqueous Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer extract in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:106-111. [PMID: 36450279 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile and safety of the aqueous extract of Pleurotus tuber regium using laboratory animal model. METHODS The pulverized sample was macerated with water and allowed to stand for 24 h, then filtered. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out on the crude extract and LD50 determination was done using standard procedures. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters to assess the kidney and liver functions were carried out using standard methods. RESULTS The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids and terpenoids. However, anthraquinones were observed to be absent in the extracts. The LD50 of the extract was found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg when administered orally with no physical signs of toxicity and death over the 14-day period. There was no significant (p>0.05) increase in the level of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the total white blood cells of the mice administered with P. tuber-regium. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that P. tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer does not possess toxic principles, hence, the wide safety margin observed in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Princess Edoh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Dahiru Sani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Christian Emeka Mbah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hindatu Yusuf
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Kamal Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Lu MK, Jen CI, Chao CH, Hsu YC, Ng LT. SPS, a sulfated galactoglucan of Laetiporus sulphureus, exhibited anti-inflammatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1236-1247. [PMID: 36442562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laetiporus sulphureus is an edible and medicinal mushroom. A sulfated galactoglucan (SPS) was isolated by the papain method. Polysaccharides (PS) were isolated by hot water and ethanol precipitation. The medium molecular weight SPS of 100 to 1000 kDa accounted for over half of the SPS mixture. Fucose, galactose, glucose, and mannose were the major monosaccharides in SPS and PS. The amount of sulfate in SPS was 1.09 mmol/g. SPS showed inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release and reversed IκB degradation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The suppression of TNF-α secretion by SPS was through inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). A purified SPS, named SPS-3, was proven to inhibit the LPS-induced phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and p-38 in RAW264.7 cells. The suppression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) secretion by PS was through inhibiting LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-38 and TGF-β receptor II (TGFRII) signaling pathways. This study demonstrates that the isolated SPS and PS from L. sulphureus possessed good anti-inflammatory activity for dietary supplements and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-I Jen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Kong DX, Ma QY, Yang L, Xie QY, Deng CY, Dai HF, Hua Y, Zhao YX. Two lanostane triterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma weberianum. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35289692 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoid, 20S,24S-epoxy-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β,15α,25R,26-tetraol (1), together with three known compounds (2-4) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma weberianum. Extensive NMR spectrometry and HRESIMS analysis, as well as NMR and ECD calculations elucidated the structure of the new compound. 27-nor-3β-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),23E-trien-25-one (2) showed superior α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 122.1 μM to that of positive control acarbose (304.6 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xian Kong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Qing Yun Ma
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, PR China
| | - Qing Yi Xie
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, PR China.,Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, CATAS, Haikou, PR China
| | - Chun Ying Deng
- Guizhou institute of biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Hao Fu Dai
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, PR China
| | - Yan Hua
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, PR China
| | - You Xing Zhao
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou, PR China
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