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Rodriguez Betancourt A, Samal A, Chan HL, Kripfgans OD. Overview of Ultrasound in Dentistry for Advancing Research Methodology and Patient Care Quality with Emphasis on Periodontal/Peri-implant Applications. Z Med Phys 2023; 33:336-386. [PMID: 36922293 PMCID: PMC10517409 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound is a non-invasive, cross-sectional imaging technique emerging in dentistry. It is an adjunct tool for diagnosing pathologies in the oral cavity that overcomes some limitations of current methodologies, including direct clinical examination, 2D radiographs, and cone beam computerized tomography. Increasing demand for soft tissue imaging has led to continuous improvements on transducer miniaturization and spatial resolution. The aims of this study are (1) to create a comprehensive overview of the current literature of ultrasonic imaging relating to dentistry, and (2) to provide a view onto investigations with immediate, intermediate, and long-term impact in periodontology and implantology. METHODS A rapid literature review was performed using two broad searches conducted in the PubMed database, yielding 576 and 757 citations, respectively. A rating was established within a citation software (EndNote) using a 5-star classification. The broad search with 757 citations allowed for high sensitivity whereas the subsequent rating added specificity. RESULTS A critical review of the clinical applications of ultrasound in dentistry was provided with a focus on applications in periodontology and implantology. The role of ultrasound as a developing dental diagnostic tool was reviewed. Specific uses such as soft and hard tissue imaging, longitudinal monitoring, as well as anatomic and physiological evaluation were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Future efforts should be directed towards the transition of ultrasonography from a research tool to a clinical tool. Moreover, a dedicated effort is needed to introduce ultrasonic imaging to dental education and the dental community to ultimately improve the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Samal
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Dental School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Özkan G, Köse E, Yeşiltepe S. Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Soft Tissue Calcifications in the Head and Neck Region Detected on Panoramic Radiographs. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:1057-1064. [PMID: 36301624 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to present a comparison between panoramic radiographs and USG imaging with a focus on revealing the advantages of USG over radiographs, and to show the distribution of calcifications detected in USG by considering the age and gender. METHODS A total of 148 patients with soft tissue calcifications as seen on panoramic radiographs were examined with USG imaging. Sialoliths, carotid artery calcifications, tonsilloliths, phleboliths and lymph node calcifications were examined in terms of anatomical localization, distribution and shape. RESULTS In the USG evaluation of these 148 patients, soft tissue calcifications were observed in 113 (76.4%) patients. The mean age of the patients with calcification was 55.6 ± 13.1 (min: 22-max: 77). Bilateral calcifications were detected in 25 (22.1%) patients, whereas unilateral calcifications were found in 88 (77.9%) patients. While the rates of tonsilloliths, sialoliths, phleboliths, and lymph node calcifications were statistically similar in male and female patients, the rate of carotid artery calcifications was found to be higher in men than in women (P = 0.017). No statistical significance was found between age groups in terms of the formation of soft tissue calcifications (P = 0.117). CONCLUSIONS Panoramic radiographs may mislead clinicians in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of soft tissue calcifications in the head and neck region due to the presence of distortion, superpositions, metal artefacts, and ghost images. USG is an important diagnostic tool in determining the localization of soft tissue calcifications that can be confused on two-dimensional radiographs, their relationship with neighboring structures, and defining calcification. It can be used safely in the detection of soft tissue calcifications as it provides dynamic imaging without the use of radiation or contrast material compared to other advanced imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Özkan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Emre Köse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Selin Yeşiltepe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Rozas Pozo M, Fiori-Chíncaro GA, Llaguno-Rubio JM. [Narrative review of imaging studies of calcifications of the submandibular gland]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2023; 11:e143. [PMID: 38303738 PMCID: PMC10832393 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1101-2023-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialolithiasis is one of the most common pathologies of the major salivary glands and occurs more frequently in the submandibular glands. Between 80 and 95% of sialoliths develop in the submandibular glands, between 5 and 20% in the parotid gland, and only 1% in the sublingual gland. Sialoliths form within the parenchyma and associated duct systems. In Wharton's duct (80-90%) and only 15% in the gland. Sialolithiasis is the cause of pain and inflammation of the salivary gland by obstructing the duct and preventing salivary secretion, before, during and after food.The objective of this article was to review the different diagnostic imaging methods used for the study of calcifications of the submandibular gland, based on different studies reported in contemporary scientific literature, in order to establish the correct diagnosis. A search of the literature was carried out in the main information sources including Medline (via PubMed), SEVIER, SCIELO, and LILACS, using the search terms with a date limitation of the last 5 years on average. The selected articles included information regarding the calcifications of the salivary glands. Imaging studies of salivary gland calcifications can be obtained with conventional radiographs, Sialography, Ultrasonography (US), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rozas Pozo
- Division de Radiologia Bucal y Maxilofacial, Instituto Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios en Estomatologia. Lima, Peru. , , Division de Radiologia Bucal y Maxilofacial Instituto Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios en Estomatologia Lima Peru
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Fiori-Chíncaro
- Division de Radiologia Bucal y Maxilofacial, Instituto Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios en Estomatologia. Lima, Peru. , , Division de Radiologia Bucal y Maxilofacial Instituto Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios en Estomatologia Lima Peru
| | - Jhoana Mercedes Llaguno-Rubio
- Division de Radiologia Bucal y Maxilofacial, Instituto Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios en Estomatologia. Lima, Peru. , , Division de Radiologia Bucal y Maxilofacial Instituto Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios en Estomatologia Lima Peru
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Ultrasound in Inflammatory and Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases: Own Experiences and a Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163547. [PMID: 34441850 PMCID: PMC8397054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultrasound is established as a diagnostic tool in salivary glands for obstructive diseases such as sialolithiasis and tumors. Concerning inflammatory diseases and in non-sialolithiasis-caused obstruction, much fewer data are available. In recent years, technical development has allowed a better assessment of the gland parenchyma, and knowledge about intraductal pathologies has increased considerably, which has provided new insights and a new interpretation of ultrasound findings. Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature that includes our own experiences and to point out the state of the art in ultrasound in the diagnostics of inflammatory and obstructive salivary gland diseases, taking adequate techniques and recent technical developments into consideration. Data sources and study eligibility criteria: A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed using various specific key words. Results: According to the literature results, including our own experiences, ultrasound is of value in up to >90% of cases presenting with inflammatory and/or obstructive diseases. Technical developments (e.g., elastography) and the application of modified ultrasound techniques (e.g., transoral ultrasound) have contributed to these results. Today, ultrasound is considered a first-line diagnostic tool in these diseases. However, in some inflammatory diseases, the final diagnosis can be made only after inclusion of the anamnesis, clinical symptoms, serologic blood tests, or histopathologic investigation. Conclusions: Ultrasound can be considered as a first-line diagnostic tool in obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland diseases. In obstructive diseases, it may be sufficient for diagnostics in >90% of cases. In inflammatory diseases, ultrasound is at least an excellent screening method and can be used to establish the diagnosis in cases of an early suspicion. In all diseases ultrasound can contribute to better management and can be used for monitoring during follow-up.
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Caglayan F, Yozgat İlbaş F, Aksakal B. The use of ultrasonography in oral radiology: An ultrasound archive study. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jomr.jomr_6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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KURŞUN ÇAKMAK EŞ, BAYRAK S, ATAKAN C. PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOFT TISSUE CALCIFICATIONS IN CBCT IMAGES OF MANDIBULAR REGION. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.606139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Saati S, Foroozandeh M, Alafchi B. Radiographic Characteristics of Soft Tissue Calcification on Digital Panoramic Images. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Saga-Gutierrez C, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Larruscain E, Ángel González-García J, Sistiaga JA, Altuna X. Transoral Sialolitectomy Combined With Sialoendoscopy Versus Open Submaxilectomy for the Management of Hilar Lithiasis of the Submandibular Gland. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Júnior VM, Netto R, Janini MER, Azevedo AB, de Andrade VM. Dystrophic calcification vs sialolithiasis in a pediactric parotid gland: A case report. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e496-e499. [PMID: 31275525 PMCID: PMC6599698 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcinosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by ectopic calcification in soft tissues. It is subdivided into: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic and iatrogenic calcification. The formation of mineralized material in the salivary glands is a common finding in the daily practice of dentists and other specialists. In most cases, this calcification is a sialolith. However, a type of ectopic calcification termed dystrophic calcification is characterized by inappropriate biomineralization in soft tissues and may be associated with trauma, chronic and localized infection or inflammatory diseases. We report a case of a 9-year-old female patient who complained of small nodules in the left parotid region, which begun two years before. Her main complaint was of recurring periods of worsened symptoms characterized by the exacerbation and symptomatic remission of the gland volume with occasional otolaryngologic infections. This study aims to discuss ectopic dystrophic calcification in the parotid gland associated with recurrent infection in children.
Key words:Dystrophic calcification, salivary gland, pediatric pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdir-Meirelles Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Rafael Netto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Maria-Elisa-Rangel Janini
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Alexandro B Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Vitor-Marcello de Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
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Evaluation of mandibular calcification on 3D volume images. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01698. [PMID: 31193452 PMCID: PMC6529742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bone and soft-tissue calcifications are often coincidentally diagnosed on digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs). As the use of three-dimensional (3D) images has increased in the past decade for diagnostics in the mandibular region, we evaluated 3D volume images derived from 2D panoramic images to determine if this method is suitable for early detection of calcifications in this region. Methods In this study, three investigators retrospectively and independently evaluated 822 DPRs. If one or more calcifications were present, the 3D volume image from that patient was retrospectively evaluated to confirm the incidental findings. A radiographic system with a low-dose mode and a high-resolution 3D-image function was used. The investigators focussed on the most common calcifications, including tonsilloliths (TL), idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) of the mandible, carotid artery calcifications (CAC), calcified submandibular lymph nodes (hereafter, CSL), and sialoliths of the submandibular salivary gland (SSG). Results One or more calcifications were identified in 415 (50.5%) DPRs. In total, 718 calcifications were detected, 30.2% of which were TL, 16.3% IO, 11.3% CAC, 8.8% CSL, and 1.7% SSG. Only 287 (39.97 %) of the calcifications were confirmed on 3D volume images; of these, 29.2% were TL, 58.5% IO, 0.2% CAC, and 1.4% SSG. No CSLs were detected. Conclusions Not all areas shown on the DPRs were visible in the retrospectively obtained 3D volume images. Whereas DPRs are used to diagnose calcifications such as IO, TL, SSG, CAC, and CSL, the 3D volume images were only useful for confirming the existence of IO, TL, and SSG calcifications.
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Saga-Gutierrez C, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Larruscain E, González-García JÁ, Sistiaga JA, Altuna X. Transoral sialolitectomy combined with sialoendoscopy versus open submaxilectomy for the management of hilar lithiasis of the submandibular gland. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2018; 70:342-347. [PMID: 30579511 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of salivary obstructive pathology by minimally invasive techniques has been an object of assessment by different studies for decades. Lithiasis at the level of the salivary duct will be the most frequent cause of obstruction, representing more than 50% of the pathology of the major salivary glands and almost 80% of these affecting the Wharton duct. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study comparing the results of combined transoral sialolitectomy (CTS) and open submaxillectomy techniques by cervicotomy in 2 groups of patients treated by lithiasis at the level of the hilum of the submaxillary gland. RESULTS 22 patients were included in the study 16 (72.7%) were men and 6 (27.3%) were women, the average age was 54.41 years ± 12.75 (Min: 30/Max: 77). Regarding the variables associated with the disease: average lithiasis, size of the stone, hospital stay, lingual nerve alteration or complications for both techniques, differences were not found between both groups. There were only statistically significant differences in the average stay in favor of the CTS (P=.001). CONCLUSION The minimally invasive approaches to the salivary ductal system, associated or not with sialoendoscopy, can be efficacy and can be associated with lower number of complications. The natural tendency should be aimed to gradually replacing open sialoadenectomy techniques, reserving its indication for the treatment of tumor pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Saga-Gutierrez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Carlos Miguel Chiesa-Estomba
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España.
| | - Ekhiñe Larruscain
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - José Ángel González-García
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Jon Alexander Sistiaga
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Xabier Altuna
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
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Missias EM, Nascimento E, Pontual M, Pontual AA, Freitas DQ, Perez D, Ramos-Perez F. Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the maxillofacial region detected by cone beam CT. Oral Dis 2018; 24:628-637. [PMID: 29224195 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with different fields of view (FOV) and to assess its relation with the clinical relevance of the CBCT findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS One thousand CBCT scans were grouped according to FOV's size and region scanned (MX-FOV, maxilla; MD-FOV, mandible; and MM-FOV, maxilla/mandible) and evaluated for the presence of soft tissue calcifications. Laterality and length of the elongated styloid processes (ESP) were also assessed. RESULTS Eight hundred and eighty-two soft tissue calcifications were detected in 626 (62.6%) patients. MM-FOV presented the highest prevalence (76.8%), followed by MD-FOV (60.6%) and MX-FOV (57.2%). ESP and tonsillolith were the most frequent calcifications. Calcifications requiring treatment or not and those in need of follow-up accounted for 6.9%, 92.7%, and 0.3% of cases, respectively. There was no association between calcifications and subjects' gender or age (p > .05). Most cases of ESP occurred bilaterally and were longer in males (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in CBCT, and ESP and tonsilloliths are the most common types in all evaluated FOVs. While most cases do not require treatment, we emphasize the importance of detailed CBCT assessment for its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Missias
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ehl Nascimento
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mla Pontual
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A A Pontual
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D Q Freitas
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dec Perez
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fmm Ramos-Perez
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Gardon MA, Foletti JM, Avignon S, Graillon N, Chossegros C. CT scan assessment in salivary gland lithiasis diagnosis. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2017; 119:110-112. [PMID: 29175510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to assess computed tomography (CT) scan efficiency for the diagnosis of salivary lithiasis. METHODS Patients who were included were all the patients who consulted in our department for main salivary gland (submandibular and parotid) obstruction symptoms between June 2014 and December 2016. A CT scan without injection was prescribed for all of them. The 163 patients were divided into two groups after the CT scan: patients with and without lithiasis. During surgery, we confirmed the presence or absence of the lithiasis previously diagnosed on the CT scan. The patients were divided in two groups: case and control groups. For statistical analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and the negative and positive predictive values of the preoperative CT scan were calculated. RESULTS A total of 163 patients with a salivary obstructive syndrome were included. On the CT scans, we found lithiases (hyperdense images) in 157 glands ("CT scan⊕" group), and we found no lithiasis in 6 glands ("CT scan" group). In the "CT scan⊕" group, 203 lithiases were present. During surgery, we found and removed lithiases in 155 patients (case group), and 8 patients had no lithiases (control group). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the CT scan for the detection of lithiasis were 100%, 75%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The specificity of CT scans for the lithiasis located in the anterior and middle third of the duct was 100%. DISCUSSION According to our study, the CT scan is very efficient in diagnosing salivary main gland lithiases in patients with an obstructive syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gardon
- Aix-Marseille university, Jardin du Pharo, 58, boulevard Charles-Livon, 13284 Marseilles cedex 07, France; Oral & maxillofacial department, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - J M Foletti
- Aix-Marseille university, Jardin du Pharo, 58, boulevard Charles-Livon, 13284 Marseilles cedex 07, France; Oral & maxillofacial & plastic surg department, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelys, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - S Avignon
- Aix-Marseille university, Jardin du Pharo, 58, boulevard Charles-Livon, 13284 Marseilles cedex 07, France; Oral & maxillofacial department, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - N Graillon
- Aix-Marseille university, Jardin du Pharo, 58, boulevard Charles-Livon, 13284 Marseilles cedex 07, France; Oral & maxillofacial department, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - C Chossegros
- Aix-Marseille university, Jardin du Pharo, 58, boulevard Charles-Livon, 13284 Marseilles cedex 07, France; Oral & maxillofacial department, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille cedex 5, France; Laboratoire parole et langage, 5, rue Pasteur, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France
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Abstract
Osteoma cutis (OC) is a rare benign disorder where osseous nodules form in the reticular layer of normal skin. These nodules are formed by the deposition of lamellar bone and are characterized by osteocytes in the core and osteoclasts around the periphery. Interpretation of osteoma cutis cases has always been challenging especially using conventional two-dimensional (2D) radiographs, owing to difficulty in localization. Cone beam CT (CBCT), with its three-dimensional (3D) capabilities, offers a great tool to help detect and diagnose these calcific entities. We report a case of miliary type OC incidentally detected in the maxillofacial region using CBCT imaging.
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Avignon S, Foletti JM, Collet C, Guyot L, Chossegros C. [Calcifications of the parotid space. A review]. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2017; 118:167-172. [PMID: 28391078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parotid lithiasis is the main cause of calcifications in the parotid space. However, there are many other less known causes. The aim of our study was to point out the non-lithiasic causes of calcifications in the parotid space. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted an exhaustive review of the literature by mean of PubMed, using the keywords "parotid" and "calcification" and limiting our analysis to the original articles in humans published in English and in French. Articles reporting about microscopic calcifications and who were not dealing with parotid calcifications were excluded. RESULTS Twenty articles met the inclusion criterions. Tumoral and non-tumoral local causes and systemic causes of parotid calcification were found. The way they revealed was variable. The main tumoral local causes were pleomorphic adenomas, salivary duct carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. The main non-tumoral local causes included vascular malformations and calcified parotid lymph nodes. The main systemic causes were chronic kidney diseases, HIV infection, chronic alcoholism, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and auto-immune diseases. DISCUSSION Eighteen different etiologies of parotid space calcifications could be identified. First line exploration of these lesions relies mainly on conventional radiography and ultrasound examination that are easily available. CT scan remains the reference examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Avignon
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU de la Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - J-M Foletti
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, stomatologie et plastique, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelys, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - C Collet
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU de la Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - L Guyot
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, stomatologie et plastique, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelys, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - C Chossegros
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU de la Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
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Çağlayan F, Dağistan S, Keleş M. The osseous and dental changes of patients with chronic renal failure by CBCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2015; 44:20140398. [PMID: 25629722 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20140398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the osseous changes of the jaws of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) by CBCT. METHODS On CBCT scans obtained from 15 patients with CRF and 15 control patients (7 males and 8 females), the mean was calculated for the antegonial index (AI), mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI) and mandibular cortical index (MCI). The MI, AI and PMI, pulp chamber size, number of teeth with pulp calcification and lamina dura loss were compared using the paired t-test, and the MCI values were analysed using the χ(2) test. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the PMI, MI and AI values in patients with CRF and the control group. With regard to MCI, the cortical margins of the mandible were more porous in patients with CRF than in the control group, and also soft-tissue calcifications, lamina dura loss and radiolucent defects were more common in patients with CRF. There were no statistically significant differences in pulp chamber size and pulp calcifications between patients with CRF and the control group. CONCLUSIONS Radiographic changes in the jawbones of patients with CRF may be commonly seen. CBCT is a valuable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of osseous findings, pulp chamber, soft-tissue calcifications and MCIs and allows indices measurement in three dimensions without any superposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Çağlayan
- 1 Department of Oral Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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