Catalytic applications of CuII-containing MOFs based on N-heterocyclic ligand in the oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol

Applications of Cu(0) encapsulated nanocatalysts as superior catalytic systems in Cu-catalyzed organic transformations

Recently, Cu nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated into various materials as supports (e.g., zeolite, silica) have attracted much devotion due to their unique catalytic properties such as high catalytic activity, intensive reactivity and selectivity through highly protective properties. Nowadays, the superior catalytic activity of Cu-NPs, encapsulated onto zeolite, silica and different porous systems, is extensively investigated and now well-established. As a matter of fact, Cu-NPs are protected from deactivation by this kind of encapsulation. Thus, their exclusion proceeds smoothly, and their recyclability is significantly increased. Cu-NPs have been used as potential heterogeneous catalysts in different chemical transformations. In this review, we try to show the preparation and applications of Cu(0) encapsulated nanocatalysts in zeolite and silica as superior catalytic systems in Cu-catalyzed organic transformations. In addition, the catalytic activity of these encapsulated Cu-NPs in different important organic transformations (such as hydrogenation, oxidation and carbon-carbon bond formations) are compared with those of a variety of organic, inorganic and hybrid porous bearing a traded metal ion. Moreover, the results from the TGA/DTA analysis and optical properties of Cu-complexes are demonstrated. The inherited characteristic merits of the encapsulated Cu-NPs onto zeolite and silica, such as their low leaching, catalytic activity, reusability economic feasibility and originality are critically considered.

Two scandium coordination polymers: rapid synthesis and catalytic properties

Two new scandium coordination polymers were synthesized by MW and hydrothermal methods, and exhibited good catalytic performance.

Heterometallic CuII/LnIII polymers active in the catalytic aerobic oxidation of cycloalkenes under solvent-free conditions

Heterometallic 3d-4f inorganic polymers were prepared using 3,5 pyridinedicarboxylic acid (H2PDC), {[CuLn2(PDC)2(SO4)2(H2O)6]·H2O}n (Ln: SmIII, CuSmPDC, EuIII, CuEuPDC, GdIII, and CuGdPDC). These catalysts are active in the aerobic oxidation of cycloalkenes under solvent-free conditions, with a conversion for the oxidation of cyclohexene of 71% after one hour of the reaction, and a TOF value of 1438 h-1 for CuSmPDC. On the other hand, the oxidation of cycloheptene and cyclooctene exhibited slightly lower conversions of 52% and 47%, and TOF values of 1053 and 159 h-1 after 1 and 6 hours of the reaction, respectively. The radical mechanism for the oxidation reaction of cyclohexene was assessed by Raman and EPR spectroscopy. The first evidenced the formation of Cu-O2 adducts and the second permitted is to observe the presence of the oxygen centered radical species, which act as initiators of the reaction chain to generate the products. An increase in the temperature of the reaction correlates with the adduct formation, and with the enhancement of the oxidation reaction.

A simple but efficient strategy to enhance hydrostability of intensely fluorescent Mg-based coordination polymer (CP) via forming a composite of CP with hydrophobic PVDF

A coordination polymer (CP) of Mg(2+) with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC(3-)) was synthesized using a solvothermal method. The Mg-CP, with a formula of Mg3(BTC)(HCOO)3(DMF)3, crystallizes in the trigonal space group P3[combining macron], with cell parameters of a = b = 13.972(5) Å, c = 8.090(5) Å and V = 1367.6(11) Å(3), and shows a lamella structure built from planar rosette-type hexanuclear architectures. The Mg-CP emits intense blue fluorescence arising from π* → π transition of intra-ligand of BTC(3-) with 21.69% quantum yield, yet it exhibits poor stability to water. The composites of Mg-CP with hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were sequentially prepared by mechanically mixed, tableted and annealed processes, which showed good compatibility between Mg-CP and PVDF, high hydrostability, and intense blue emission. This study suggests a simple but efficient method to solve the drawbacks of some functional CPs unstable to water and to promote them as practical applications in the field of functional materials.

Poly(N-4-vinylbenzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) Copper Complex Grafted Solid Catalyst for Oxidative Polymerization of 2,6-Dimethylphenol

A new solid phase catalyst, poly(N-4-vinylbenzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) copper(I) complex, grafted onto polystyrene particles, has been employed for the oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol using an aqueous biphasic (water/toluene) solvent system. The solid catalyst was synthesized by first grafting N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane onto polystyrene particles using a radical mediated polymerization method and next by creating the polymer-metal complex of copper-triazacyclononane with these modified particles. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) was successfully obtained from the polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol using this new metal-organic solid phase catalyst.

Lanthanide-based coordination polymers as promising heterogeneous catalysts for ring-opening reactions

Eu and Tb based coordination polymers function as reusable heterogeneous catalysts for ring-opening reactions with amines, alcohols, thiols, and azides as nucleophiles.

Simultaneous observation of ligand-based fluorescence and phosphorescence within a magnesium-based CP/MOF at room temperature

A highly thermal MOF, comprised only of main-group light elements Mg²⁺ and H₂EBTC²⁻, emits simultaneously fluorescence and phosphorescence, which arise from the H₂EBTC²⁻ ligand, at room temperature.

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.

Hybrid organic–inorganic structured materials as single-site heterogeneous catalysts

Catalyst selectivity is associated with well-defined homogeneous active sites. Transition metal complexes and organocatalysts are highly active and selective in the homogeneous phase, and their heterogenization by incorporating them into inorganic solid materials allows combining their excellent catalytic activity with improved separation, recovering and recycling properties. In this article, we present the structural characteristics and catalytic properties of hybrid organic–inorganic materials in which the molecular catalysts are part of the inorganic structure, emphasizing the possibilities of periodic mesoporous hybrid materials and coordination polymers as single-site solid catalysts.