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Rajabpour M, Emamie AD, Pourmand MR. Evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis Genotypes in Endocervical Specimens by Sequence Analysis of ompA Gene among Women in Tehran. J Trop Med 2023; 2023:8845565. [PMID: 37555018 PMCID: PMC10406551 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8845565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tehran's actual prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and its genotypes are still unclear. Molecular typing of CT strains can provide essential epidemiological knowledge and contribute to improved control measures. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of CT and its genotypes in the endocervical infections of females who attended the gynecology and infertility clinics in Tehran. A total of 291 women were tested for chlamydial infection by in-house PCR using specific primers for the CT cryptic plasmid. Nested PCR for amplification of the ompA gene in positive samples was carried out, genotyping was performed by sequencing this gene, and further phylogenetic analysis was conducted. Sexual infection by CT was observed in 10.3% (30/291) of the subjects, and the mean age of patients was 30.4. The ompA gene was sequenced in 27 samples, revealing E genotypes 40.7%, (n = 11), F 25.9%, (n = 7), G 18.5%, (n = 5), D 11.1%, (n = 3), and K 3.7%, (n = 1). This study emphasizes the importance of the diversity among CT genotypes in our studied population and the need for wide-screening the neglected bacterial infection among women in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Rajabpour
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Fernández-Sánchez V, Durán-Manuel EM, Calzada-Mendoza CC, Castro-Escarpulli G, Quijano-Soriano MF, Nicolás-Sayago L, Razo-Blanco Hernández DM, Villegas-Castañeda M, Cárdenas-Cantero A, Cureño-Díaz MA, Paredes-Mendoza M, Cruz-Cruz C, Bello-López JM. Epidemiological Overview of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Mexico (2003-2020). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2118. [PMID: 37570358 PMCID: PMC10418835 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mexico, urogenital gonorrhea (UG) is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases notifiable by health systems around the world. Epidemiological data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Mexico indicated that UG was "under control" until 2017. However, international epidemiological reports indicate the increase in incidence due to several factors, including an increase during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors suggest that this phenomenon may occur in developing countries, including Mexico. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze national surveillance data on UG from 2003-2019 and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. An epidemiological study of cases and incidence of UG (2003-2020) was performed in the annual reports issued by the General Directorate Epidemiology in Mexico. Cases and incidence were classified and analyzed by year, sex, age group, and seasons (by temperature). Distribution of UG was carried out using heat maps for the whole country. Ultimately, a seasonal and correlation analysis was performed for UG cases versus temperature. The results showed that the distribution of cases and incidence by sex showed that there was no variation over 14 years. From 2016 onward, a significant increase in UG was observed before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, a significant increase was observed in females aged 24-44 years. A heterogeneous distribution of UG was identified; however, border states were ranked among the top states with elevated incidences and cases. Lastly, the occurrence of UG was associated with temperature, related to summer. The information presented is intended to be useful to promote prevention and to contribute to visualize the distribution of UG over the last 18 years for decision making, and to show one of the consequences of the collapse of epidemiological surveillance of UG during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Verónica Fernández-Sánchez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz 04510, Mexico
| | - Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Quijano-Soriano
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad “Bicentenario de la Independencia”, ISSSTE, Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo 54916, Mexico
| | - Liliana Nicolás-Sayago
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alejandro Cárdenas-Cantero
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad “Bicentenario de la Independencia”, ISSSTE, Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo 54916, Mexico
| | | | - Marianela Paredes-Mendoza
- División de Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl, Nezahualcóyotl 57000, Mexico
| | - Clemente Cruz-Cruz
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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Bardach A, Alconada T, Palermo C, Rojas-Roque C, Sandoval MM, Gomez J, Pinto T, Ciapponi A. Burden of Disease of Gonorrhoea in Latin America: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Infect Dis Ther 2023:10.1007/s40121-023-00814-0. [PMID: 37261611 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhoea, a globally neglected but increasing disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the epidemiology and economic burden of gonorrhoea in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, EconLIT, CINAHL, CRD, LILACS, Global Health, Global Dissertations and Theses, SciELO, Web of Science databases, countries' ministries of health, and the IHME's Global Burden of Disease databases. Studies published in the last 10 years (20 years for economic studies) were included if conducted in any LAC country, without language restrictions. The main outcome measures were incidence/prevalence, proportion of co-infections, case fatality rates, specific mortality/hospitalisation rates, direct/indirect costs, and impact of gonorrhoea on quality of life. To assess evidence quality, we used a checklist developed by the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for observational studies and trial control arms, the Cochrane Effective Practice Organization of Care Group tool for randomised controlled trials, and the CICERO checklist for economic studies. RESULTS We identified 1290 articles; 115 included epidemiological studies and one included an economic study. Ministry of health data from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Uruguay were identified. Gonorrhoea prevalence was 1.46% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.00%) from 48 studies and 5.68% (95% CI 4.23-7.32%) from 58 studies for non-high-risk and high-risk populations, respectively. Cumulative incidence for the high-risk population was 2.05 cases per 100 persons/year. Few published studies were rated as "good" in the risk of bias assessments. Variations in the methodology of the sources and limited information found in the countries' surveillance systems hinder the comparison of data. CONCLUSION The burden of gonorrhoea in LAC is not negligible. Our results provide public health and clinical decision support to assess potential interventions to prevent gonorrhoea. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021253342). The study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (GSK study identifier VEO-000025).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Bardach
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Alconada
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Palermo
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rojas-Roque
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Macarena Sandoval
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Agustin Ciapponi
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bui HTV, Bui HT, Chu SV, Nguyen HT, Nguyen ATV, Truong PT, Dang TTH, Nguyen ATV. Simultaneous real-time PCR detection of nine prevalent sexually transmitted infections using a predesigned double-quenched TaqMan probe panel. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282439. [PMID: 36877694 PMCID: PMC9987813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases are major causes of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and premature birth. Here, we developed a new multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of nine major sexually transmitted infections (STIs) found in Vietnamese women, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and human alphaherpesviruses 1 and 2. A panel containing three tubes × three pathogens/tube was predesigned based on double-quenched TaqMan probes to increase detection sensitivity. There was no cross-reactivity among the nine STIs and other non-targeted microorganisms. Depending on each pathogen, the agreement with commercial kits, sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility coefficient of variation (CV), and limit of detection of the developed real-time PCR assay were 99.0%-100%, 92.9%-100%, 100%, <3%, and 8-58 copies/reaction, respectively. One assay cost only 2.34 USD. Application of the assay for the detection of the nine STIs in 535 vaginal swab samples collected from women in Vietnam yielded 532 positive cases (99.44%). Among the positive samples, 37.76% had one pathogen, with G. vaginalis (33.83%) as the most prevalent; 46.36% had two pathogens, with G. vaginalis + C. albicans as the most prevalent combination (38.13%); and 11.78%, 2.99%, and 0.56% had three, four, and five pathogens, respectively. In conclusion, the developed assay represents a sensitive and cost-effective molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of major STIs in Vietnam and is a model for the development of panel detections of common STIs in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T V Bui
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen T Bui
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,ANABIO R&D Ltd, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son V Chu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh T V Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong T Truong
- Department of Microbiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang T H Dang
- Department of Microbiology, Hanoi Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh T V Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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5
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Godoy-Mancilla J, Oyarzun-Barrientos C, Marín-Cornuy M, Carrasco-Sanhueza E, Águila-Torres P. Bacterial eye infections associated with sexual transmission infections: A review. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022; 97:17-27. [PMID: 35027140 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to collect updated information on Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, causing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and etiological agents of eye infections, to provide relevant information on this public health problem. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out using different electronic databases such as: PubMed central, google academic, Lilacs, Scopus, Science Direct and Scielo, between March 2009 and August 2019. According to the WHO, more than a million people a day contract a sexually transmitted infection. For T. pallidum, a global prevalence of 0.5% is estimated for both men and women. It is a causative agent of syphilis and ocular syphilis, which manifests as uveitis. Overall, a prevalence of 2.8% in men and 3.8% in women for C. trachomatis is estimated. It is associated with oculo-genital disease, which includes STIs, inclusion conjunctivitis in adults and neonatal ophthalmia. Among its complications is trachoma, which is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Regarding N. gonorrhoeae, it has a global selection of 0.9% and 0.7% in women and men, respectively. It manifests with gonococcal conjunctivitis and neonatal ophthalmia. We can conclude that the information that relates T. pallidum, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae with their ocular compromise problems is insufficient, and even more so if we seek to find them related to each other, which makes it difficult to access data of clinical utility for visual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Godoy-Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - C Oyarzun-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Marín-Cornuy
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - E Carrasco-Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Águila-Torres
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile.
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6
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Ngobese B, Abbai NS. Sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women from sub-Saharan Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis 2021; 36:312. [PMID: 34917679 PMCID: PMC8664065 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v36i1.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health problem in most countries of the world, particularly in developing countries where the resources and technology to diagnose and treat them are limited. Currently, there is limited data on STIs and risk factors for these infections in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This review provides data on the prevalence and risk factors for STIs in pregnant women living with HIV from SSA. This review also describes the association between STIs and HIV on pregnancy and birth outcomes as well as highlights the importance of laboratory-based diagnosis of STIs. Method An electronic search of online databases was used to find and collect relevant research articles connected to the prevalence, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, health complications and risk factors associated with STIs and HIV in pregnant women from SSA. The search was limited to articles published in English. Relevant studies were identified by searching literature from January 2001 to date. The search yielded 4709 results. Results In SSA, STIs are highly prevalent in pregnant women and are widely known to be linked with an increased risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. These infections are often asymptomatic and highly prevalent in pregnant women. The screening of STIs in pregnant women living with HIV can reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and screening and treatment for STIs can also prevent adverse perinatal outcomes. It is important to recognise regional and national STI epidemics in order to promote STI prevention and control interventions considering the test and treat approach as opposed to syndromic management. Conclusion This review highlights the need to use diagnostic screening methods instead of syndromic STI management in SSA. Moreover, more research into effective prevention and treatment measures for STIs in pregnant women is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongekile Ngobese
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nathlee S Abbai
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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7
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Whelan J, Abbing-Karahagopian V, Serino L, Unemo M. Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1152. [PMID: 34763670 PMCID: PMC8582208 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic gonorrhoea prevalence assessments in the general population or proxies thereof (including pregnant women, women attending family planning clinics, military recruits, and men undergoing employment physicals for example) and in population groups at increased risk, including men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and sex workers. METHOD We evaluated reported prevalence data, including estimates from proxy general population samples to reflect the WHO recommendations. We describe the outcomes from the general population country-by-country and extend previous reviews to include MSM, sex workers, and extragenital infections. RESULT AND CONCLUSION In our systematic search, 2015 titles were reviewed (January 2010-April 2019) and 174 full-text publications were included. National, population-based prevalence data were identified in only four countries (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Peru, New Caledonia) and local population-based estimates were reported in areas within five countries (China, South Africa, Brazil, Benin, and Malawi). The remaining studies identified only reported test positivity from non-probability, proxy general population samples. Due to the diversity of the reviewed studies, detailed comparison across studies was not possible. In MSM, data were identified from 64 studies in 25 countries. Rectal infection rates were generally higher than urogenital or pharyngeal infection rates, where extragenital testing was conducted. Data on sex workers were identified from 41 studies in 23 countries; rates in female sex workers were high. Current prevalence monitoring was shown to be highly suboptimal worldwide. Serial prevalence monitoring of critical epidemiological variables, and guidelines to optimize prevalence study conduct and reporting beyond antenatal settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Whelan
- Clinical and Epidemiology Research and Development, GSK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Laura Serino
- Clinical and Epidemiology Research and Development, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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8
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Shui J, Xie D, Zhao J, Ao C, Lin H, Liang Y, Wang H, Dai Y, Tang S. Seroepidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in the General Population of Northern China: The Jidong Community Cohort Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729016. [PMID: 34650533 PMCID: PMC8507574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal serological study to investigate the seropositive frequency, incidence, and antibody dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population of China is urgently needed in order to optimize the strategies for surveillance and precise prevention of C. trachomatis infection. This longitudinal study enrolled 744 subjects aged 18-65 years from Jidong Community of Northern China from 2014 to 2018. Seropositive frequency, incidence, and reinfection of C. trachomatis were determined by detecting antibody against C. trachomatis Pgp3 using "in-house" luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA). The dynamic of anti-Pgp3 antibody was analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model. The overall Pgp3 seropositive frequency among the 18-65-year-old population was 28.1% (95% CI 24.9-31.5), and significantly increased from 12.0% in those aged 18-29 years to 48.6% in the 60-65 years old. The seropositive frequency was slightly higher in women than in men (31.3% vs. 25.4%) without statistical significance. The C. trachomatis incidence and reinfection rate were 11 and 14 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, and showed no significant difference with respect to age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and education levels. Furthermore, anti-Pgp3 antibody remained detectable in 93.3% (195/209) of the seropositive subjects during the 5 years of follow-up. The overall decay rate for anti-Pgp3 antibody for CT-infected persons was -0.123 Log2 RLU/year, which was dramatically slower than in CT new infection (-3.34 Log2 RLU/year) or reinfection (-1.1 Log2 RLU/year). In conclusion, at least one quarter of the people aged 18-65 years have been infected with C. trachomatis over their lifetime while all age groups are susceptible to C. trachomatis infection in the community of Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive prevention strategies are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjie Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailing Ao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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9
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Ahmadi A, Mousavi A, Salimizand H, Hedayati MA, Ramazanzadeh R, Farhadifar F, Khodabandehloo M, Roshani D, Taherpour A. Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the west of Iran. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:1-4. [PMID: 34053955 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is one of the causing factors of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This bacterium infects the epithelial cells of the cervix of women and urethra of men. However, the symptoms in the lower genitalia are found only in a small percentage of people. The aim of this study was comparing the frequency of N. gonorrhoeae genital infection among two groups of pregnant women (spontaneous abortion and normal pregnancy).This cross-sectional study was performed in the west of Iran. This study was performed on 417 women who consisted of 109 spontaneous abortions, 109 normal deliveries, 100 fertilities and 99 infertile women. Specific primers were used and DNA was extracted by endocervical swabs; then a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done for detection of N. gonorrhoeae. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-Square Test and t-Test. In all of the above-said steps, a level of 5% was considered significant.The average age in women with normal delivery (27.8±4.87) in women with spontaneous abortion (29.6±5.9) in fertile women (32.1±5.1) and in infertile women were (29.1±6.3). The total frequency of N. gonorrhea infection was 0 (0%). Prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae infection was zero; also it was not associated with spontaneous abortion and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ahmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Atefeh Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Himen Salimizand
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Ahmadi Hedayati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Rashid Ramazanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fariba Farhadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mazaher Khodabandehloo
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Daem Roshani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Arezou Taherpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Cannoni G, Ribbeck D, Hernández O, Casacuberta MJ. Actualización de la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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11
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Kum-Nji P, Meloy L, Pierce J, Ritter A, Wheeler R. Group B streptococcal colonization: Prevalence and impact of smoking in women delivering term or near term neonates in a large tertiary care hospital in the southern United States. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239294. [PMID: 32941502 PMCID: PMC7498066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS The role of smoking as a risk factor for group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization in women during pregnancy has not been previously adequately explored. We hypothesized that women of term or near term neonates who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to have GBS colonization than their non-smoking counterparts. METHODS The electronic health records (EHRs) of a convenience sample of women delivering in an inner-city university tertiary care center were reviewed. The outcome variable of interest was maternal GBS colonization during pregnancy. The primary independent variable of interest was tobacco smoking during pregnancy, determined from the EHRs by the number of cigarettes smoked during gestation. Descriptive statistics were conducted and categorical data were compared by the Fischer's exact test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was further conducted to determine the independent impact of tobacco smoke exposure on GBS colonization. RESULTS The prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 35% among the study population. In the univariate analyses, factors associated with maternal GBS colonization were tobacco smoking during pregnancy (P of trend <0.001), Race (P<0.001), maternal age <20 years (P = 0.006), low birthweight <2500 gm (P = 0.020), maternal drug use (P = 004), and gestational age <37 (P = 0.041). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, tobacco smoking during pregnancy remained the most significant predictor of GBS colonization. Women who smoked during pregnancy were more than twice more likely to be colonized than their non-smoking counterparts (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5-4.6; p<0.001). Maternal age was the only other significant predictor with younger mothers more than one and a half time more likely to be colonized than their older counterparts (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.02-2.68; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The prevalence of GBS colonization in this institution was consistent with recent national rates. Smoking and maternal age were identified as two independent risk factors for GBS colonization during pregnancy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kum-Nji
- Children’s Hospital of Richmond at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Linda Meloy
- Children’s Hospital of Richmond at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John Pierce
- Lynchburg Women’s Health, Lynchburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Amanda Ritter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rachel Wheeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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12
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Gabster A, Mayaud P, Ortiz A, Castillo J, Castillero O, Martínez A, López A, Aizprúa B, Pitano S, Murillo A, Pascale JM. Prevalence and determinants of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 97:304-311. [PMID: 32859684 PMCID: PMC8165139 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence and risk factors of genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among school-going sexually experienced male and female adolescents in Panama. Methods We conducted two multisite cross-sectional studies using two-stage cluster sampling to select adolescents aged 14–19 years attending urban public high schools (URB) in Panama City, San Miguelito, Colón and Panama Oeste from 2015 to 2018, and in the rural Indigenous Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé (CNB) from July–November 2018. CT testing was performed by real-time PCR on urine samples. Random-effects logistic regression accounting for sample clustering was used to identify risk factors. Results We enrolled 3166 participants (54.3% females), median age 17 years (IQR: 15.9–18.1), with no difference by sex. Sexual experience was reported by 1954 (61.7%) participants. Combined CT prevalence was 15.8% (95% CI: 14.2 to 17.4), with no significant differences by region (URB=16.5%, 95% CI: 14.7% to 18.6%; CNB=13.6%, 95% CI: 10.9% to 16.8%; p=0.12). In an age-and-region-adjusted analysis, CT prevalence was higher among female participants compared with males (21.6% vs 9.1%, adjusted OR (AOR)=2.87, 95% CI: 1.62 to 5.10). Among sexually experienced females, CT prevalence was higher among those who reported ≥3 lifetime sex partners compared with one partner (33.5% vs 15.3%, AOR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.09 to 4.07); and among those reporting at least one pregnancy compared with nulligravidae participants (30.9% vs 13.8%, AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.43). In unadjusted analyses among males, CT was associated with older age (11.5% among those aged 18–19 years vs 3.4% among those aged 14–15 years, OR=3.69, 95% CI: 1.10 to 12.33). Conclusions We report high CT prevalence among sexually experienced, school-going adolescents in Panama. Female adolescents, particularly those with multiple sex partners and a history of pregnancy, were at highest risk. Adolescent-targeted CT screening should be implemented in Panama. Additionally, evidence-based comprehensive sexuality education will be imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gabster
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama .,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Philippe Mayaud
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alma Ortiz
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Jorge Castillo
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Omar Castillero
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Alexander Martínez
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Anyelini López
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Betsy Aizprúa
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Sherly Pitano
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Anet Murillo
- Departamento de Genómica y Proteómica, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Juan Miguel Pascale
- Dirección General, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panama, Panama City, Panama
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13
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Xu C, Fan YN, Liang Z, Xiao SH, Huang L, Kan HD, Chen RJ, Liu XL, Yao CY, Luo G, Zhang Y, Li YF, Ji AL, Cai TJ. Unexpected association between increased levels of ambient carbon monoxide and reduced daily outpatient visits for vaginitis: A hospital-based study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137923. [PMID: 32220730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a well-known "toxic gas". It represents a toxic inhalation hazard at high concentration and is commonly found in polluted air. However, a series of recent studies have suggested that low concentration of CO can also produce protective functions. This study was performed to investigate the association between ambient CO exposure and vaginitis outpatient visits. Daily baseline outpatient data of vaginitis from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 were obtained from Xi'an, a heavily-polluted metropolis in China. The over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive model was applied to discover the relations between short-term ambient CO exposure and the number of vaginitis outpatient visits by adjusting day of the week and weather conditions. A total of 16,825 outpatient hospital visits for vaginitis were recorded. The mean daily concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) was well below Chinese and WHO guidelines. During the study period, increased levels of ambient CO was associated with reduced outpatient-visits through concurrent to lag 5 days, and the most significant association was evidenced at lag 05. A 0.1 mg/m3 increase in daily average CO at lag 05 corresponded to -1.25% (95%CI: -1.85%, -0.65%) change in outpatient-visits for vaginitis. Moreover, the association was more significant in those women aged 20-29 years. After adjustment for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2, and O3, the negative associations of CO with vaginitis kept significant, suggesting relative stability of effect estimates. In summary, this is the first evidence that increased ambient CO exposure can be related to reduced daily outpatient visits for vaginitis. The results of our study may not only help to establish more comprehensive understanding of the health effects of ambient air on vaginitis and other gynecological diseases, but also provide a clue to new potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Troop 94498 of PLA, Nanyang, China
| | - Yan-Ni Fan
- Medical Record Room of Information Department, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Hai-Dong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Jie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Ling Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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14
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Rajabpour M, Emamie AD, Pourmand MR, Goodarzi NN, Asbagh FA, Whiley DM. Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among women with genitourinary infection and pregnancy-related complications in Tehran: A cross-sectional study. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:773-780. [PMID: 32517577 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420922462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among women with genitourinary infection and pregnancy-related complications in Tehran. It also evaluates the demographic information, symptoms, and sequelae. Endocervical samples were obtained over a period of eight months from 360 women including 180 symptomatic patients and 180 patients with pregnancy-related complications and infertility. CT, NG, and TV were detected in 10.8%, 6.9%, and 8.3% of all patients, respectively. The prevalence of CT, NG, and TV among women in the symptomatic group was 11.1%, 7.2%, and 13.3%, respectively, and among women with pregnancy-related complications and infertility was 10.6%, 6.7%, and 3.3%, respectively. Associations between chlamydia and ectopic pregnancy (p = 0.001), and infertility (p < 0.001) were observed. Abortion (p = 0.008), infertility (p = 0.005), and ectopic pregnancy (p < 0.001) were associated with gonorrhea. Abnormal vaginal discharge (p = 0.02) and vulvar itching (p = 0.02) were associated with trichomoniasis. Overall, the prevalence rates of CT, NG, and TV were high in these patient groups. These high prevalences suggest that screening programs are required to reduce the burden of these sexually transmitted infections and their effects on genitourinary symptoms, pregnancy-related complications, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Rajabpour
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Noori Goodarzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Akbari Asbagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - David M Whiley
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, Chico RM, Smolak A, Newman L, Gottlieb S, Thwin SS, Broutet N, Taylor MM. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 97:548-562P. [PMID: 31384073 PMCID: PMC6653813 DOI: 10.2471/blt.18.228486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of urogenital infection with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis in women and men, aged 15-49 years, in 2016. METHODS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis, we systematically searched for studies conducted between 2009 and 2016 reporting prevalence. We also consulted regional experts. To generate estimates, we used Bayesian meta-analysis. For syphilis, we aggregated the national estimates generated by using Spectrum-STI. FINDINGS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and/or trichomoniasis, 130 studies were eligible. For syphilis, the Spectrum-STI database contained 978 data points for the same period. The 2016 global prevalence estimates in women were: chlamydia 3.8% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 3.3-4.5); gonorrhoea 0.9% (95% UI: 0.7-1.1); trichomoniasis 5.3% (95% UI:4.0-7.2); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). In men prevalence estimates were: chlamydia 2.7% (95% UI: 1.9-3.7); gonorrhoea 0.7% (95% UI: 0.5-1.1); trichomoniasis 0.6% (95% UI: 0.4-0.9); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). Total estimated incident cases were 376.4 million: 127.2 million (95% UI: 95.1-165.9 million) chlamydia cases; 86.9 million (95% UI: 58.6-123.4 million) gonorrhoea cases; 156.0 million (95% UI: 103.4-231.2 million) trichomoniasis cases; and 6.3 million (95% UI: 5.5-7.1 million) syphilis cases. CONCLUSION Global estimates of prevalence and incidence of these four curable sexually transmitted infections remain high. The study highlights the need to expand data collection efforts at country level and provides an initial baseline for monitoring progress of the World Health Organization global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Rowley
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Vander Hoorn
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Matthew Chico
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Alex Smolak
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lori Newman
- Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Infections Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Sami Gottlieb
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Soe Soe Thwin
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Melanie M Taylor
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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