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Bossi E, Limo E, Pagani L, Monza N, Serrao S, Denti V, Astarita G, Paglia G. Revolutionizing Blood Collection: Innovations, Applications, and the Potential of Microsampling Technologies for Monitoring Metabolites and Lipids. Metabolites 2024; 14:46. [PMID: 38248849 PMCID: PMC10818866 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood serves as the primary global biological matrix for health surveillance, disease diagnosis, and response to drug treatment, holding significant promise for personalized medicine. The diverse array of lipids and metabolites in the blood provides a snapshot of both physiological and pathological processes, with many routinely monitored during conventional wellness checks. The conventional method involves intravenous blood collection, extracting a few milliliters via venipuncture, a technique limited to clinical settings due to its dependence on trained personnel. Microsampling methods have evolved to be less invasive (collecting ≤150 µL of capillary blood), user-friendly (enabling self-collection), and suitable for remote collection in longitudinal studies. Dried blood spot (DBS), a pioneering microsampling technique, dominates clinical and research domains. Recent advancements in device technology address critical limitations of classical DBS, specifically variations in hematocrit and volume. This review presents a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art microsampling devices, emphasizing their applications and potential for monitoring metabolites and lipids in blood. The scope extends to diverse areas, encompassing population studies, nutritional investigations, drug discovery, sports medicine, and multi-omics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (E.B.); (E.L.); (L.P.); (N.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Elena Limo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (E.B.); (E.L.); (L.P.); (N.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Lisa Pagani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (E.B.); (E.L.); (L.P.); (N.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Nicole Monza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (E.B.); (E.L.); (L.P.); (N.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (E.B.); (E.L.); (L.P.); (N.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Vanna Denti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (E.B.); (E.L.); (L.P.); (N.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (E.B.); (E.L.); (L.P.); (N.M.); (V.D.)
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Zailani NNB, Ho PCL. Dried Blood Spots-A Platform for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and Drug/Disease Response Monitoring (DRM). Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:467-494. [PMID: 37495930 PMCID: PMC10480258 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview on the current applications of dried blood spots (DBS) as matrices for therapeutic drug (TDM) and drug or disease response monitoring (DRM). Compared with conventional methods using plasma/serum, DBS offers several advantages, including minimally invasiveness, a small blood volume requirement, reduced biohazardous risk, and improved sample stability. Numerous assays utilising DBS for TDM have been reported in the literature over the past decade, covering a wide range of therapeutic drugs. Several factors can affect the accuracy and reliability of the DBS sampling method, including haematocrit (HCT), blood volume, sampling paper and chromatographic effects. It is crucial to evaluate the correlation between DBS concentrations and conventional plasma/serum concentrations, as the latter has traditionally been used for clinical decision. The feasibility of using DBS sampling method as an option for home-based TDM is also discussed. Furthermore, DBS has also been used as a matrix for monitoring the drug or disease responses (DRM) through various approaches such as genotyping, viral load measurement, assessment of inflammatory factors, and more recently, metabolic profiling. Although this research is still in the development stage, advancements in technology are expected to lead to the identification of surrogate biomarkers for drug treatment in DBS and a better understanding of the correlation between DBS drug levels and drug responses. This will make DBS a valuable matrix for TDM and DRM, facilitating the achievement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlations and enabling personalised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nabihah Binte Zailani
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Level 5, Building 2, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Cafaro A, Conti M, Pigliasco F, Barco S, Bandettini R, Cangemi G. Biological Fluid Microsampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1962. [PMID: 37509602 PMCID: PMC10377272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a specialized area of laboratory medicine which involves the measurement of drug concentrations in biological fluids with the aim of optimizing efficacy and reducing side effects, possibly modifying the drug dose to keep the plasma concentration within the therapeutic range. Plasma and/or whole blood, usually obtained by venipuncture, are the "gold standard" matrices for TDM. Microsampling, commonly used for newborn screening, could also be a convenient alternative to traditional sampling techniques for pharmacokinetics (PK) studies and TDM, helping to overcome practical problems and offering less invasive options to patients. Although technical limitations have hampered the use of microsampling in these fields, innovative techniques such as 3-D dried blood spheroids, volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), dried plasma spots (DPS), and various microfluidic devices (MDS) can now offer reliable alternatives to traditional samples. The application of microsampling in routine clinical pharmacology is also hampered by the need for instrumentation capable of quantifying analytes in small volumes with sufficient sensitivity. The combination of microsampling with high-sensitivity analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), is particularly effective in ensuring high accuracy and sensitivity from very small sample volumes. This manuscript provides a critical review of the currently available microsampling devices for both whole blood and other biological fluids, such as plasma, urine, breast milk, and saliva. The purpose is to provide useful information in the scientific community to laboratory personnel, clinicians, and researchers interested in implementing the use of microsampling in their routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cafaro
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analysis, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Public Health Department, Imola Local Unit, Regione Emilia-Romagna Healthcare Service, 40026 Imola, Italy
| | - Federica Pigliasco
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analysis, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Barco
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analysis, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Bandettini
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analysis, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cangemi
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analysis, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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Min KL, Ryu JY, Chang MJ. Development and clinical applications of the dried blood spot method for therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐epileptic drugs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:215-236. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Lok Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
| | - Min Jung Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
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Narayanasamy S, Pilli NR, Xu L, Chockalingam A, Shea KI, Stewart S, Patel V, Rouse R, Matta MK. An alternating polarity switching assay for quantification of oxycodone and topiramate: An application of LC-MS/MS method in support to PK/PD study in rodents. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ishikawa AA, da Silva RM, Santos MSF, da Costa ET, Sakamoto AC, Carrilho E, de Gaitani CM, Garcia CD. Determination of topiramate by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detection: A powerful tool for therapeutic monitoring in epileptic patients. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2598-2604. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Akemi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry; Clemson University; Clemson SC USA
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moreira da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Mauro Sérgio Ferreira Santos
- Department of Chemistry; Clemson University; Clemson SC USA
- Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Americo Ceiki Sakamoto
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio; Campinas SP Brazil
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Velghe S, Stove CP. Volumetric absorptive microsampling as an alternative tool for therapeutic drug monitoring of first-generation anti-epileptic drugs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2331-2341. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Filippi L, Fiorini P, Catarzi S, Berti E, Padrini L, Landucci E, Donzelli G, Bartalena L, Fiorentini E, Boldrini A, Giampietri M, Scaramuzzo RT, la Marca G, Della Bona ML, Fiori S, Tinelli F, Bancale A, Guzzetta A, Cioni G, Pisano T, Falchi M, Guerrini R. Safety and efficacy of topiramate in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia (NeoNATI): a feasibility study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:973-980. [PMID: 28274169 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1304536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of a study based on treatment with topiramate (TPM) added to moderate hypothermia in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Multicenter randomized controlled trial. Term newborns with precocious metabolic, clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) signs of HIE were selected according to their amplified integrated EEG pattern and randomized to receive either TPM (10 mg/kg once a day for the first three days of life) plus moderate hypothermia or hypothermia alone. Safety was assessed by monitoring cardiorespiratory parameters and blood samples collected to check renal, liver, metabolic balance and TPM pharmacokinetics. Efficacy was evaluated by the combined frequency of mortality and severe neurological disability as primary outcome. Incidence of magnetic resonance injury, epilepsy, blindness, hearing loss, neurodevelopment at 18-24 months of life was assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Forty-four asphyxiated newborns were enrolled in the study. Twenty one newborns (10 with moderate and 11 with severe HIE) were allocated to hypothermia plus TPM and 23 (12 moderate and 11 severe HIE) to hypothermia. No statistically or clinically significant differences were observed for safety, primary or secondary outcomes. However, a reduction in the prevalence of epilepsy was observed in newborns co-treated with TPM. CONCLUSIONS Results of this pilot trial suggest that administration of TPM in newborns with HIE is safe but does not reduce the combined frequency of mortality and severe neurological disability. The role of TPM co-treatment in preventing subsequent epilepsy deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department , "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Patrizio Fiorini
- a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department , "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Serena Catarzi
- a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department , "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Elettra Berti
- a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department , "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Letizia Padrini
- a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department , "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- b Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | | | - Laura Bartalena
- d Neonatal Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Erika Fiorentini
- d Neonatal Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Antonio Boldrini
- d Neonatal Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Matteo Giampietri
- d Neonatal Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Rosa Teresa Scaramuzzo
- d Neonatal Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- e Laboratory for Diseases of the Nervous System and Metabolism , "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Della Bona
- e Laboratory for Diseases of the Nervous System and Metabolism , "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - Simona Fiori
- f Department of Developmental Neuroscience , Stella Maris Scientific Institute , Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesca Tinelli
- f Department of Developmental Neuroscience , Stella Maris Scientific Institute , Pisa , Italy
| | - Ada Bancale
- f Department of Developmental Neuroscience , Stella Maris Scientific Institute , Pisa , Italy
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- f Department of Developmental Neuroscience , Stella Maris Scientific Institute , Pisa , Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- f Department of Developmental Neuroscience , Stella Maris Scientific Institute , Pisa , Italy
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- g Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories , "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Melania Falchi
- g Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories , "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- g Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories , "A. Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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Determination of topiramate in dried blood spots using single-quadrupole gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after flash methylation with trimethylanilinium hydroxide. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Enderle Y, Foerster K, Burhenne J. Clinical feasibility of dried blood spots: Analytics, validation, and applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:231-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Validation and Application of a Dried Blood Spot Assay for Biofilm-Active Antibiotics Commonly Used for Treatment of Prosthetic Implant Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4940-55. [PMID: 27270283 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00756-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) antibiotic assays can facilitate pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) studies in situations where venous blood sampling is logistically difficult. We sought to develop, validate, and apply a DBS assay for rifampin (RIF), fusidic acid (FUS), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). These antibiotics are considered active against organisms in biofilms and are therefore commonly used for the treatment of infections associated with prosthetic implants. A liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy DBS assay was developed and validated, including red cell partitioning and thermal stability for each drug and the rifampin metabolite desacetyl rifampin (Des-RIF). Plasma and DBS concentrations in 10 healthy adults were compared, and the concentration-time profiles were incorporated into population PK models. The limits of quantification for RIF, Des-RIF, CIP, and FUS in DBS were 15 μg/liter, 14 μg/liter, 25 μg/liter, and 153 μg/liter, respectively. Adjusting for hematocrit, red cell partitioning, and relative recovery, DBS-predicted plasma concentrations were comparable to measured plasma concentrations for each antibiotic (r > 0.95; P < 0.0001), and Bland-Altman plots showed no significant bias. The final population PK estimates of clearance, volume of distribution, and time above threshold MICs for measured and DBS-predicted plasma concentrations were comparable. These drugs were stable in DBSs for at least 10 days at room temperature and 1 month at 4°C. The present DBS antibiotic assays are robust and can be used as surrogates for plasma concentrations to provide valid PK and PK/PD data in a variety of clinical situations, including therapeutic drug monitoring or studies of implant infections.
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Zheng Y, Wang Q, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Bai Z, Han X, Zhang Z. Development and Application of Zirconia Coated Paper Substrate for High Sensitivity Analysis of Therapeutic Drugs in Dried Blood Spots. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7005-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Clinical
Analysis Laboratory, Xi’an Mental Health Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zongquan Bai
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
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Antunes MV, Charão MF, Linden R. Dried blood spots analysis with mass spectrometry: Potentials and pitfalls in therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1035-46. [PMID: 27179588 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) relays in the availability of specialized laboratory assays, usually available in reference centers that are not accessible to all patients. In this context, there is a growing interest in the use of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling, usually obtained from finger pricks, which allows simple and cost-effective logistics in many settings, particularly in Developing Countries. The use of DBS assays to estimate plasma concentrations is highly dependent on the hematocrit of the blood, as well as the particular characteristics of the measured analyte. DBS assays require specific validation assays, most of them are related to hematocrit effects. In the present manuscript, the application of mass spectrometric assays for determination of drugs for TDM purposes in the last ten years is reviewed, as well as the particular validation assays for new DBS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venzon Antunes
- Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
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Corso G, Papagni F, Gelzo M, Gallo M, Barone R, Graf M, Scarpato N, Dello Russo A. Development and Validation of an Enzymatic Method for Total Cholesterol Analysis Using Whole Blood Spot. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:517-23. [PMID: 26511311 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High serum cholesterol represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to quantify total cholesterol in dried blood spot (DBS) by direct enzymatic method. METHODS Three hundred seventeen blood samples with serum cholesterol level ranging from 81 to 337 mg/dl were collected. DBS were manually prepared, cholesterol was extracted using methanol and analyzed by a manual enzymatic method. DBS cholesterol method was validated for imprecision and extraction efficacy. DBS cholesterol values were correlated (training test) with serum values measured by automated enzymatic method (reference method). The obtained correlation was used for predicting serum cholesterol from DBS analysis of a new sample group (validation test, n = 58). RESULTS Within-day and between-day coefficient of variation (CV%) were lower than 7.69 and 6.32, respectively. Residual cholesterol in DBS after extraction was 16%. DBS cholesterol and serum cholesterol showed a linear correlation (slope = 0.5217; r = 0.9139) and a bias of -28%. Furthermore, DBS cholesterol values of validation test (n = 58), converted using the training test correlation, were not statistically different compared to the corresponding plasma values (P = 0.9487), and the comparison by Passing and Bablok showed a linear regression with a slope of 1.068 (r = 0.611) and a bias of -0.22%. CONCLUSIONS The results show that this enzymatic method is suitable to analyze cholesterol in DBS and it could be automated and used for population screening of total blood cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Corso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Papagni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Barone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Graf
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Scarpato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Validation and Application of a Dried Blood Spot Ceftriaxone Assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:14-23. [PMID: 26438505 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01740-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) antibiotic assays can facilitate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies in situations where venous blood sampling is logistically and/or ethically problematic. In this study, we aimed to develop, validate, and apply a DBS ceftriaxone assay. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) DBS ceftriaxone assay was assessed for matrix effects, process efficiency, recovery, variability, and limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD). The effects of hematocrit, protein binding, red cell partitioning, and chad positioning were evaluated, and thermal stability was assessed. Plasma, DBS, and cell pellet ceftriaxone concentrations in 10 healthy adults were compared, and plasma concentration-time profiles of DBS and plasma ceftriaxone were incorporated into population PK models. The LOQ and LOD for ceftriaxone in DBS were 0.14 mg/liter and 0.05 mg/liter, respectively. Adjusting for hematocrit, red cell partitioning, and relative recovery, DBS-predicted plasma concentrations were comparable to measured plasma concentrations (r > 0.95, P < 0.0001), and Bland-Altman plots showed no significant bias. The final population PK estimates of clearance, volume of distribution, and time above threshold MICs for measured and DBS-predicted plasma concentrations were similar. At 35°C, 21°C, 4°C, -20°C, and -80°C, ceftriaxone retained >95% initial concentrations in DBS for 14 h, 35 h, 30 days, 21 weeks, and >11 months, respectively. The present DBS ceftriaxone assay is robust and can be used as a surrogate for plasma concentrations to provide valid PK and PK/PD data in a variety of clinical situations, including in studies of young children and of those in remote or resource-poor settings.
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Current advances in biosampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of psychiatric CNS drugs. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1925-42. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many CNS drugs are effective for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psychotropic drugs work differently, thus clinical outcomes for many patients may be insufficient. For this reason it could be useful the measurement of drug levels for clinical decision-making. Analytical goals in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) should be established by selecting the appropriate biological matrix. The aim of this review is to highlight the usefulness of TDM for antiepileptics, antidepressants and antipsychotics, with a focus on current advances in biosampling. The literature on TDM was reviewed up to March 2015. An overview on the use of alternative biological matrices is provided to address the current issues and advances in the field of biosampling for psychiatric CNS drug TDM.
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Ramesh B, Rao Vadaparthi PR, Sukumar G, Manjula N, Suresh Babu K, Sita Devi P. LC-HRMS determination of piperine on rat dried blood spots: A pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2015; 6:18-23. [PMID: 29403958 PMCID: PMC5762438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the determination of piperine (PPR) on dried blood spots (DBS). DBS samples were prepared by spiking the whole blood with analyte to produce 30 µL of blood spots on specimen collection cards. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Atlantis dC18 column using acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid) (85:15, v/v) as mobile phase in an isocratic mode of elution at a flow rate of 0.75 mL/min. MS detection was carried out in electrospray positive ion mode for the target ions and monitored at m/z 286.1465 for PPR and 272.1303 for the internal standard (IS). The developed method exhibited a linear dynamic range over 0.01-2000 ng/mL for PPR on DBS. The overall extraction recovery of PPR from DBS was 92.5%. Influence of hematocrit and spot volume on DBS was also evaluated and found to be well within the acceptable limits. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of PPR in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokka Ramesh
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - P Rajesh Rao Vadaparthi
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Genji Sukumar
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Nemali Manjula
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Potturi Sita Devi
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
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Dried blood spots for monitoring and individualization of antiepileptic drug treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:25-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Samardzic J, Turner MA, Bax R, Allegaert K. Neonatal medicines research: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1041-52. [PMID: 25958820 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1046433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The key feature of the newborn is its fast age-dependent maturation, resulting in extensive variability in pharmacokinetics and -dynamics, further aggravated by newly emerging covariates like treatment modalities, environmental issues or pharmacogenetics. This makes clinical research in neonates relevant and needed, but also challenging. AREAS COVERED To improve this knowledge, tailoring research tools as well as building research networks and clinical research skills for neonates are urgently needed. Tailoring of research tools is illustrated using the development of dried blood spot techniques and the introduction of micro-dosing and -tracer methodology in neonatal drug studies. Both techniques can be combined with sparse sampling techniques through population modeling. Building research networks and clinical research skills is illustrated by the initiatives of agencies to build and integrate knowledge on neonatal pharmacotherapy through dedicated working groups. EXPERT OPINION Challenges relating to neonatal medicine research can largely be overcome. Tailored tools and legal initiatives, combined with clever trial design will result in more robust information on neonatal pharmacotherapy. This necessitates collaborative efforts between clinical researchers, sponsors, regulatory authorities, and last but not least patient representatives and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Samardzic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pinto EC, Dolzan MD, Cabral LM, Armstrong DW, de Sousa VP. Topiramate: a review of analytical approaches for biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1461-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Maressa Danielli Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis SC Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Valéria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Steroidal and non-steroidal third-generation aromatase inhibitors induce pain-like symptoms via TRPA1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5736. [PMID: 25484020 PMCID: PMC4268712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), exemestane, letrozole and anastrozole, for breast cancer therapy is associated with severe pain symptoms, the underlying mechanism of which is unknown. The electrophilic nature of AIs suggests that they may target the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, a major pathway in pain transmission and neurogenic inflammation. AIs evoke TRPA1-mediated calcium response and current in rodent nociceptors and human cells expressing the recombinant channel. In mice, AIs produce acute nociception, which is exaggerated by pre-exposure to proalgesic stimuli, and, by releasing sensory neuropeptides, neurogenic inflammation in peripheral tissues. AIs also evoke mechanical allodynia and decreased grip strength, which do not undergo desensitization on prolonged AI administration. These effects are markedly attenuated by TRPA1 pharmacological blockade or in TRPA1-deficient mice. TRPA1 is a major mediator of the proinflammatory/proalgesic actions of AIs, thus suggesting TRPA1 antagonists for the treatment of pain symptoms associated with AI use.
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A validated LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of piperacillin/tazobactam on dried blood spot. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2795-802. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics in children is of fundamental importance for effective patient management. The use of dried blood spot (DBS) offers a number of advantages over conventional blood collection. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a method to measure piperacillin/tazobactam in DBS. Results The analysis was performed by using LC–MS/MS operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method has been validated by applying EMA guidelines and its suitability for TDM was evaluated by using samples from low birth weight neonates. Conclusion This paper describes a fast and cost-effective micromethod for the simultaneous determination of piperacillin/tazobactam levels on dried blood spot that is suitable for TDM in children.
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Supercritical fluid extraction as a preparation method for mass spectrometry of dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lokhov PG, Maslov DL, Trifonova OP, Balashova EE, Archakov AI. [Mass spectrometry of blood low-molecular fraction as a method for unification of therapeutic drug monitoring]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2014; 60:201-16. [PMID: 24837310 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20146002201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The article describes a new therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) method based on direct infusion of low-molecular fraction of blood into electrospray ionization source of mass spectrometer. This technique allows performing TDM of almost all drugs used in clinic. In article, the universality and high-throughput of the method, that significantly simplifies its wide application, have been shown. Moreover, the possibility of method application in most cases of drug therapy has been argued as a tool of control of drug doses, rationality of drug therapy, and the quality of the drugs themselves. In conclusion, the prospects for application of the method as primary means of improving the quality and personalization of drug therapy have been discussed.
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Rhoden L, Antunes MV, Hidalgo P, Silva CÁD, Linden R. Simple procedure for determination of valproic acid in dried blood spots by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:207-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pohanka A, Mahindi M, Masquelier M, Gustafsson LL, Beck O. Quantification of valproic acid in dried blood spots. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:648-52. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.933360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Pohanka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska Institute,
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Mahindi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska Institute,
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michèle Masquelier
- Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital,
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars L. Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska Institute,
Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital,
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Beck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska Institute,
Stockholm, Sweden
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Sharma A, Jaiswal S, Shukla M, Lal J. Dried blood spots: Concepts, present status, and future perspectives in bioanalysis. Drug Test Anal 2014; 6:399-414. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhisheak Sharma
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Swati Jaiswal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Mahendra Shukla
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
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Lokhov PG, Maslov DL, Trifonova OP, Balashova EE, Archakov AI. Mass spectrometry analysis of blood low-molecular fraction as a method for unification of therapeutic drug monitoring. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Blood (serum/plasma) antiepileptic drug (AED) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has proven to be an invaluable surrogate marker for individualizing and optimizing the drug management of patients with epilepsy. Since 1989, there has been an exponential increase in AEDs with 23 currently licensed for clinical use, and recently, there has been renewed and extensive interest in the use of saliva as an alternative matrix for AED TDM. The advantages of saliva include the fact that for many AEDs it reflects the free (pharmacologically active) concentration in serum; it is readily sampled, can be sampled repetitively, and sampling is noninvasive; does not require the expertise of a phlebotomist; and is preferred by many patients, particularly children and the elderly. For each AED, this review summarizes the key pharmacokinetic characteristics relevant to the practice of TDM, discusses the use of other biological matrices with particular emphasis on saliva and the evidence that saliva concentration reflects those in serum. Also discussed are the indications for salivary AED TDM, the key factors to consider when saliva sampling is to be undertaken, and finally, a practical protocol is described so as to enable AED TDM to be applied optimally and effectively in the clinical setting. Overall, there is compelling evidence that salivary TDM can be usefully applied so as to optimize the treatment of epilepsy with carbamazepine, clobazam, ethosuximide, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, topiramate, and zonisamide. Salivary TDM of valproic acid is probably not helpful, whereas for clonazepam, eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, pregabalin, retigabine, rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, and vigabatrin, the data are sparse or nonexistent.
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State-of-the-art dried blood spot analysis: an overview of recent advances and future trends. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2187-208. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spots have become a popular method in a variety of micro blood-sampling techniques in the life sciences sector, consequently competing with the field of conventional, invasive blood sampling by venepuncture. Dried blood spots are widely applied in numerous bioanalytical assays and have gained a significant role in the screening of inherited metabolic diseases, in PK and PD modeling; in the treatment and diagnosis of infectious diseases; and in therapeutic drug monitoring. Recent technological developments such as automation, online extraction, mass spectrometric direct analysis and also conventional dried blood spot bioanalysis, as well as future developments in dried blood spot bioanalysis are highlighted and presented in this article.
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Sen A, Wang Y, Chiu K, Whiley L, Cowan D, Chang RCC, Legido-Quigley C. Metabolic Phenotype of the Healthy Rodent Model Using In-Vial Extraction of Dried Serum, Urine, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Spots. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7257-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401149w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhuti Sen
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kin Chiu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Luke Whiley
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David Cowan
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative
Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street,
London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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LC-MS/MS determination of pramipexole on rat dried blood spots: a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 932:34-9. [PMID: 23831524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of pramipexole on rat dried blood spots was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Synergy polar-RP column using 10mM ammonium acetate and methanol (50:50, v/v) as mobile phase in an isocratic mode of elution at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. LC-MS was performed in a positive ion electro spray ionization mode and the MS/MS ion transitions 212.10→153.03 for PRX and 198.10→153.03 for internal standard (2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-ethyl-amino-benzthiazole) were monitored. The developed method exhibited a linear dynamic range over 100-5000pg/mL for PRX on dried blood spots. The overall extraction recovery of PRX from DBS was 96.7%. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were within the pre-defined limits of ≤15% at all concentrations. Influence of hematocrit and spot volume on dried blood spot was also evaluated and found to be well within the acceptable limits. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of PRX in rats.
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A simple bioanalytical method for the quantification of antiepileptic drugs in dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Popov TV, Maričič LC, Prosen H, Vončina DB. Development and validation of dried blood spots technique for quantitative determination of topiramate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1054-61. [PMID: 23529887 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS method for determination of the anti-epileptic drug topiramate (TPM) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples was developed and validated. DBS samples were prepared by spotting 30 μL of spiked whole blood onto FTA(TM) DMPK-C cards and drying for at least 3 h. Six-millimetre punched spots were then extracted by using a mixture of methanol and water (90:10, v/v) with deuterated internal standard (topiramate-d12). The extracted samples were injected into a liquid chromatograph equipped with a tandem mass spectrometric detector. Negative ions were monitored in the selected reaction monitoring mode and transitions m/z 338.2 → 78.1 and m/z 350.3 → 78.1 were used for the quantitative evaluation of TPM and internal standard, respectively. The results obtained from validation were statistically evaluated according to the requirements of the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidelines. The linearity of the method was checked within a concentration range from 10 to 2000 ng/mL. The validation results indicate that the method is accurate, precise, sensitive, selective and reproducible.
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Filippi L, Cavallaro G, Fiorini P, Malvagia S, Della Bona M, Giocaliere E, Bagnoli P, Dal Monte M, Mosca F, Donzelli G, la Marca G. Propranolol concentrations after oral administration in term and preterm neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.755169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Filippi L, Fiorini P, Daniotti M, Catarzi S, Savelli S, Fonda C, Bartalena L, Boldrini A, Giampietri M, Scaramuzzo R, Papoff P, Del Balzo F, Spalice A, la Marca G, Malvagia S, Della Bona ML, Donzelli G, Tinelli F, Cioni G, Pisano T, Falchi M, Guerrini R. Safety and efficacy of topiramate in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia (NeoNATI). BMC Pediatr 2012; 12:144. [PMID: 22950861 PMCID: PMC3478965 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite progresses in neonatal care, the mortality and the incidence of neuro-motor disability after perinatal asphyxia have failed to show substantial improvements. In countries with a high level of perinatal care, the incidence of asphyxia responsible for moderate or severe encephalopathy is still 2-3 per 1000 term newborns. Recent trials have demonstrated that moderate hypothermia, started within 6 hours after birth and protracted for 72 hours, can significantly improve survival and reduce neurologic impairment in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. It is not currently known whether neuroprotective drugs can further improve the beneficial effects of hypothermia. Topiramate has been proven to reduce brain injury in animal models of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. However, the association of mild hypothermia and topiramate treatment has never been studied in human newborns. The objective of this research project is to evaluate, through a multicenter randomized controlled trial, whether the efficacy of moderate hypothermia can be increased by concomitant topiramate treatment. METHODS/DESIGN Term newborns (gestational age ≥ 36 weeks and birth weight ≥ 1800 g) with precocious metabolic, clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) signs of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy will be randomized, according to their EEG pattern, to receive topiramate added to standard treatment with moderate hypothermia or standard treatment alone. Topiramate will be administered at 10 mg/kg once a day for the first 3 days of life. Topiramate concentrations will be measured on serial dried blood spots. 64 participants will be recruited in the study. To evaluate the safety of topiramate administration, cardiac and respiratory parameters will be continuously monitored. Blood samplings will be performed to check renal, liver and metabolic balance. To evaluate the efficacy of topiramate, the neurologic outcome of enrolled newborns will be evaluated by serial neurologic and neuroradiologic examinations. Visual function will be evaluated by means of behavioural standardized tests. DISCUSSION This pilot study will explore the possible therapeutic role of topiramate in combination with moderate hypothermia. Any favourable results of this research might open new perspectives about the reduction of cerebral damage in asphyxiated newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department, A. Meyer University Children's Hospital, Viale Pieraccini, 24, I-50139, Florence, Italy.
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Ansari M, Uppugunduri CRS, Déglon J, Théorêt Y, Versace F, Gumy-Pause F, Ozsahin H, Dayer P, Desmules J, Daali Y. A simplified method for busulfan monitoring using dried blood spot in combination with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1437-1446. [PMID: 22592987 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Busulfan (Bu) is an important component of the myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) especially in children. Intravenously administered Bu exhibits a therapeutic window phenomenon requiring therapeutic drug monitoring. Analytical methods developed for Bu routine monitoring were aimed at using low volumes of biological fluids and development of simple procedures to facilitate the dosage adjustment. In this report, we describe a simple, rapid method for Bu measurement using dried blood spots (DBS) from only 5 μL of whole blood. METHODS Bu extracted from DBS with methanol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode using D8-Bu as an internal standard. The method was in-house validated evaluating trueness, repeatability, within-laboratory reproducibility, specificity and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). RESULTS The method was linear in the calibration range of 100-2000 ng mL(-1) (r(2)>0.99) encompassing the therapeutic concentrations of Bu. A good trueness (<14%), precision (<10%), and recovery (100%) were observed during validation of the method with quality controls of 300, 600 and 1400 ng mL(-1). The LLOQ was determined as 50 ng mL(-1) and no matrix or carryover effects were observed. The validated method was applied to measure Bu levels in four children receiving infusion of Bu prior to HSCT. A good correlation was observed between the Bu levels measured by DBS and dried plasma spot (DPS) (r(2) =0.96) and between DPS and the GC/MS method (r(2) =0.92). Bu was found to be stable in DBS up to 6 h at room temperature and for 24 h at 4 °C. CONCLUSIONS The new DBS method facilitates earlier dosage adjustment during Bu therapy by its specific and simple procedure using 5 μL of whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, Onco-hematology Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Development of an UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of antibiotic ertapenem on dried blood spots. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 61:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yakkundi S, Millership J, Collier P, Shields MD, McElnay J. Development and validation of a dried blood spot LC–MS/MS assay to quantify ranitidine in paediatric samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:1057-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Metabolite profiles from dried blood spots for metabonomic studies using UPLC combined with orthogonal acceleration ToF-MS: effects of different papers and sample storage stability. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:2757-67. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Investigations have been undertaken of the effects of storage on the utility of using dried blood spots, collected and stored on a paper substrate, combined with reversed-phase ultra-performance LC (UPLC), electrospray ionization orthogonal acceleration ToF-MS (UPLC–oaToF-MS), as a method for performing global metabolic profiling studies. In addition, a range of products used to collect these blood spots have also been studied for effects on the UPLC–MS background. Results: These preliminary data suggest that sample stability in this application is limited unless the cards are stored at, at least, -20°C and preferably at -80°C. In addition, the use of untreated cards is recommended to minimize incurred background interferences. Conclusion: Further investigations are necessary to improve the utility of this methodology in global metabolite profiling.
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Youhnovski N, Bergeron A, Furtado M, Garofolo F. Pre-cut dried blood spot (PCDBS): an alternative to dried blood spot (DBS) technique to overcome hematocrit impact. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2951-2958. [PMID: 21913274 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of analytes by Dried Blood Spots (DBS) on different paper cards has been extensively reported in the past several years. However, some factors limit the robustness of the precision and accuracy of DBS such as: hematocrit level, blood viscosity, analyte nature, spotting technique and spotting conditions. As such, the paper material used for DBS must meet strict quality control criteria to produce reliable quantification of drugs: uniformity, no chemical leaching and no chromatographic effect. To overcome these variables, especially the hematocrit impact, a modification of the traditional DBS, named Pre-Cut Dried Blood Spot (PCDBS), is presented. In contrast to the classical DBS technique, the new PCDBS procedure demonstrates no variation in response, within ±3%, independently of the hematocrit level or of the type of card used. The impact of the hematocrit level on the analyte recovery is discussed for both DBS and PCDBS approaches. Moreover, for quantification of naproxen by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), the PCDBS technique was demonstrated to be as precise (%CV ≤3.1%) and accurate (%nominal between 95.4 and 104.4%) as the classical DBS procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Youhnovski
- Algorithme Pharma Inc., 575 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 4B3
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Nageswara Rao R, Satyanarayana Raju S, Mastan Vali R, Sarma VUM, Girija Sankar G. LC-ESI-MS/MS determination of paclitaxel on dried blood spots. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:616-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - S. Satyanarayana Raju
- Organic Division-I; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - R. Mastan Vali
- Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - V. U. M. Sarma
- Organic Division-I; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - G. Girija Sankar
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Pharmacy; Andhra University; Visakhapatnam-530003; India
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Direct analysis of dried blood spots coupled with mass spectrometry: concepts and biomedical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2485-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Determination of Ubiquinone in Blood by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Fluorescence Derivatization Using 2-Cyanoacetamide. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:2093-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kang J, Park YS, Kim SH, Kim SH, Jun MY. Modern methods for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in the biological fluids for pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:67-81. [PMID: 21660146 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease occurring in approximately 1.0% of the world's population. About 30% of the epileptic patients treated with availably antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) continue to have seizures and are considered therapy-resistant or refractory patients. The ultimate goal for the use of AEDs is complete cessation of seizures without side effects. Because of a narrow therapeutic index of AEDs, a complete understanding of its clinical pharmacokinetics is essential for understanding of the pharmacodynamics of these drugs. These drug concentrations in biological fluids serve as surrogate markers and can be used to guide or target drug dosing. Because early studies demonstrated clinical and/or electroencephalographic correlations with serum concentrations of several AEDs, It has been almost 50 years since clinicians started using plasma concentrations of AEDs to optimize pharmacotherapy in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, validated analytical method for concentrations of AEDs in biological fluids is a necessity in order to explore pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and TDM in various clinical situations. There are hundreds of published articles on the analysis of specific AEDs by a wide variety of analytical methods in biological samples have appears over the past decade. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the modern method development for monitoring AEDs for pharmacokinetic studies, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseop Kang
- Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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A powerful couple in the future of clinical biochemistry: in situ analysis of dried blood spots by ambient mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:1883-91. [PMID: 21083496 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have been used in clinical applications. The first key milestone in the use of DBS was the screening of phenylketonuria and other inborn errors of metabolism using microbiological and enzymatic analytical methods. 20 years after its introduction, advanced mass spectrometers and new soft ionization techniques have permitted the coupling of liquid chromatography with MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) and since the 1990s, DBS analysis by LC-MS/MS expanded screening to many inborn errors of metabolism simultaneously. Recently, DBS-LC-MS/MS analysis has been used in other fields such as pharmacology, toxicology and forensic sciences. Today, new ambient ionization techniques, coupled to MS, directly desorb/ionize molecules from solid samples. This presents new opportunities for the in situ analysis of DBS. Most likely, ambient MS methods will be used to analyze DBS, increasing the clinical applications of MS within the next 10 years.
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Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is central to optimize drug efficacy in children, because the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of most drugs differ greatly between children and adults. Many factors should be analyzed to implement TDM in the pediatric population, including a validated pharmacological parameter and an analytical method adapted to children as limited sampling volumes and high sensitivity are required. The use of population approaches, new analytical methods such as saliva and dried blood spots, and pharmacodynamic monitoring give attractive options to improve TDM, individualize therapy in order to optimize efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center, CIC Inserm 9202, French network of Pediatric Investigation Centers, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75935 Paris, France
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la Marca G, Malvagia S, Filippi L, Innocenti M, Rosati A, Falchi M, Pellacani S, Moneti G, Guerrini R. Rapid assay of rufinamide in dried blood spots by a new liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Keevil BG. The analysis of dried blood spot samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Automated system for on-line desorption of dried blood spots applied to LC/MS/MS pharmacokinetic study of flurbiprofen and its metabolite. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:359-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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