1
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Rathing F, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Quinolone bioisosteres of phenolic GluN2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400279. [PMID: 38889396 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cyclopenta[g]quinolones of type 4 were designed with the aim to bioisosterically replace the phenol of potent GluN2B ligands such as ifenprodil and Ro 25-6981 by the quinolone system and to restrict the conformational flexibility of the aminopropanol substructure in a cyclopentane system. The designed ligands were synthesized in an eight-step sequence starting with terephthalaldehyde (5). Key steps pf the synthesis were the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation of propionic acids 10 to yield the cyclopenta[g]quinolinediones 11 and the Mannich reaction of diketone 11a followed by conjugate addition at the α,β-unsaturated ketone 12a. Although the quinolones 13a, 15a, and 16a contain an H-bond donor group (secondary lactam) as ifenprodil and Ro 25-6981, they show only moderate GluN2B affinity (Ki > 410 nM). However, the introduction of lipophilic substituents at the quinolone N-atom resulted in more than 10-fold increased GluN2B affinity of the benzyl and benzyloxymethyl derivatives cis-13c (Ko = 36 nM) and 13e (Ko = 27 nM). All compounds are selective over the phencyclidine (PCP) binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The benzyl derivative 13c showed six- and threefold selectivity over σ1 and σ2 receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Rathing
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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2
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Ritter N, Disse P, Aymanns I, Mücher L, Schreiber JA, Brenker C, Strünker T, Schepmann D, Budde T, Strutz-Seebohm N, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B, Seebohm G. Downstream Allosteric Modulation of NMDA Receptors by 3-Benzazepine Derivatives. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7238-7252. [PMID: 37542648 PMCID: PMC10657792 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) composed of different splice variants display distinct pH sensitivities and are crucial for learning and memory, as well as for inflammatory or injury processes. Dysregulation of the NMDAR has been linked to diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. The development of selective receptor modulators, therefore, constitutes a promising approach for numerous therapeutical applications. Here, we identified (R)-OF-NB1 as a promising splice variant selective NMDAR antagonist. We investigated the interaction of (R)-OF-NB1 and NMDAR from a biochemical, bioinformatical, and electrophysiological perspective to characterize the downstream allosteric modulation of NMDAR by 3-benzazepine derivatives. The allosteric modulatory pathway starts at the ifenprodil binding pocket in the amino terminal domain and immobilizes the connecting α5-helix to the ligand binding domain, resulting in inhibition. In contrast, the exon 5 splice variant GluN1-1b elevates the NMDARs flexibility and promotes the open state of its ligand binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ritter
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Chembion, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Paul Disse
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabel Aymanns
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Mücher
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Brenker
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Strünker
- Chembion, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Chembion, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Korff M, Lüken J, Schmidt J, Schepmann D, Goerges G, Ritter N, Disse P, Schreiber JA, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Negative allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors with GluN2B subunit: synthesis of β-aminoalcohols by epoxide opening and subsequent rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7616-7638. [PMID: 37682049 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain novel antagonists of GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors, aryloxiranes were opened with benzylpiperidines. Phenyloxiranes 6 and (indazolyl)oxirane 15 were opened regioselectively at the position bearing the aryl moiety. Reaction of the resulting β-aminoalcohols 7 and 16 with carboxylic acids under Mitsunobu conditions (DIAD, PPh3) led to rearrangement and after ester hydrolysis to the regioisomeric β-aminoalcohols 9 and 18. This strategy allows the synthesis of amino-ifenprodil 12 as well using phthalimide in the Mitsunobu reaction. Unexpectedly, the isomeric (indazolyl)oxirane 21 reacted with benzylpiperidines to afford both regioisomeric β-aminoalcohols 22 and 23. In radioligand receptor binding studies, the indazolyl derivative 18a, which can be regarded as indazole bioisostere of ifenprodil, showed high GluN2B affinity (Ki = 31 nM). Replacement of the benzylic OH moiety of ifenprodil by the NH2 moiety in amino-ifenprodil 12 also resulted in low nanomolar GluN2B affinity (Ki = 72 nM). In TEVC experiments, 18a inhibited the ion flux to the same extent as ifenprodil proving that the phenol of ifenprodil can be replaced bioisosterically by an indazole ring maintaining affinity and inhibitory activity. Whereas 10-fold selectivity was found for the ifenprodil binding site over σ1 receptors, only low preference for the GluN2B receptor over σ2 receptors was detected. The log D7.4 value of 18a (log D7.4 = 2.08) indicates promising bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Korff
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Lüken
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Judith Schmidt
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Goerges
- University Hospital Münster, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Ritter
- University Hospital Münster, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Disse
- University Hospital Münster, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- University Hospital Münster, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- University Hospital Münster, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Lüken J, Goerges G, Ritter N, Disse P, Schreiber JA, Schmidt J, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Indazole as a Phenol Bioisostere: Structure-Affinity Relationships of GluN2B-Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11573-11588. [PMID: 37580890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulation of GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors prevents overstimulation, resulting in neuroprotective effects. Since the phenol of prominent negative allosteric modulators is prone to rapid glucuronidation, its bioisosteric replacement by an indazole was envisaged. The key step in the synthesis was a Sonogashira reaction of non-protected iodoindazoles with propargylpiperidine derivatives. Modification of the alkynyl moiety allowed the introduction of several functional groups. The synthesized indazoles showed very high GluN2B affinity but limited selectivity over σ receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the same molecular interactions with the ifenprodil binding site as the analogous phenols. In two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments, enantiomeric 3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propan-1-ols (S)-10a and (R)-10a displayed higher inhibitory activity than ifenprodil. In contrast to phenolic GluN2B antagonists, the indazoles were not conjugated with glucuronic acid. It can be concluded that the phenol of potent GluN2B antagonists can be replaced bioisosterically by an indazole, retaining the high GluN2B affinity and activity but inhibiting glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lüken
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gunnar Goerges
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Ritter
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Disse
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Ritter N, Disse P, Wünsch B, Seebohm G, Strutz-Seebohm N. Pharmacological Potential of 3-Benzazepines in NMDAR-Linked Pathophysiological Processes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051367. [PMID: 37239037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) linked neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia is constantly increasing. This is partly due to demographic change and presents new challenges to societies. To date, there are no effective treatment options. Current medications are nonselective and can lead to unwanted side effects in patients. A promising therapeutic approach is the targeted inhibition of NMDARs in the brain. NMDARs containing different subunits and splice variants display different physiological properties and play a crucial role in learning and memory, as well as in inflammatory or injury processes. They become overactivated during the course of the disease, leading to nerve cell death. Until now, there has been a lack of understanding of the general functions of the receptor and the mechanism of inhibition, which need to be understood in order to develop inhibitors. Ideal compounds should be highly targeted and even splice-variant-selective. However, a potent and splice-variant-selective NMDAR-targeting drug has yet to be developed. Recently developed 3-benzazepines are promising inhibitors for further drug development. The NMDAR splice variants GluN1-1b-4b carry a 21-amino-acid-long, flexible exon 5. Exon 5 lowers the NMDAR's sensitivity to allosteric modulators by probably acting as an NMDAR modulator itself. The role of exon 5 in NMDAR modulation is still poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the structure and pharmacological relevance of tetrahydro-3-benzazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ritter
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Disse
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Yang C, Wang H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Qin F, He Y, Liu J, Ma C, Cheng M. Identification and in silicon binding study of a novel NR2B selective NMDAR antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 85:129213. [PMID: 36870623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major group of diseases that threaten human health, and the search for drugs and treatments for it has never stopped. Research and development of NMDA receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic targets have also been ongoing. Our group designed and synthesized 22 new tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolines based on NR2B-NMDARs targets and evaluated them for their neuroprotective activity against NMDA-induced cytotoxicity in vitro, A21 exhibited excellent neuroprotective activity. Subsequently, the structure-activity relationships and inhibitor binding modes of the tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolines were further analyzed by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations. The results showed that A21 could match the two binding pockets of NR2B-NMDARs. The research results of this project will lay a certain foundation for the research of novel NR2B-NMDA receptor antagonists and also provide new ideas for the subsequent research and development of this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Fengyun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yeli He
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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7
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Korff M, Steigerwald R, Bechthold E, Schepmann D, Schreiber JA, Meuth SG, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Chemical, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of the GluN2B receptor antagonist 3-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3-benzazepine-1,7-diol - starting point for PET tracer development. Biol Chem 2023; 404:279-289. [PMID: 36215695 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GluN2B-NMDA receptors play a key role in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to develop novel negative allosteric GluN2B-NMDA receptor modulators, the concept of conformational restriction was pursued, i.e. the flexible aminoethanol substructure of ifenprodil was embedded into a more rigid tetrahydro-3-benzazepine system. The resulting tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-1,7-diol (±)-2 (WMS-1410) showed promising receptor affinity in receptor binding studies (K i = 84 nM) as well as pharmacological activity in two-electrode-voltage-clamp experiments (IC 50 = 116 nM) and in cytoprotective assays (IC 50 = 18.5 nM). The interactions of (R)-2 with the ifenprodil binding site of GluN2B-NMDA receptors were analyzed on the molecular level and the "foot-in-the-door" mechanism was developed. Due to promising pharmacokinetic parameters (logD7.4 = 1.68, plasma protein binding of 76-77%, sufficient metabolic stability) F-substituted analogs were prepared and evaluated as tracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Both fluorine-18-labeled PET tracers [18F]11 and [18F]15 showed high brain uptake, specific accumulation in regions known for high GluN2B-NMDA receptor expression, but no interactions with σ 1 receptors. Radiometabolites were not observed in the brain. Both PET tracers might be suitable for application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Korff
- Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515 Munster, Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ruben Steigerwald
- Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515 Munster, Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Bechthold
- Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515 Munster, Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515 Munster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515 Munster, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515 Munster, Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Blicker L, González-Cano R, Laurini E, Nieto FR, Schmidt J, Schepmann D, Pricl S, Wünsch B. Conformationally Restricted σ 1 Receptor Antagonists from (-)-Isopulegol. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4999-5020. [PMID: 36946301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Antagonists at σ1 receptors have great potential for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Starting from monoterpene (-)-isopulegol (1), aminodiols 8-11 were obtained and transformed into bicyclic 13-16 and tricyclic ligands 19-22. Aminodiols 8-11 showed higher σ1 affinity than the corresponding bicyclic 13-16 and tricyclic derivatives 19-22. (R)-configuration in the side chain of aminodiols (8 and 10) led to higher σ1 affinity than (S)-configuration (9 and 11). 4-Benzylpiperidines (b-series) revealed higher σ1 affinity than 4-phenylbutylamines (a-series). Aminodiol 8b showed very high σ1 affinity (Ki = 1.2 nM), excellent selectivity over σ2 receptors, and promising logD7.4 (3.05) and lipophilic ligand efficiency (5.87) values. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the σ1 affinity and selectivity on an atomistic level. In the capsaicin assay, 8b exhibited similar antiallodynic activity to the prototypical σ1 antagonist S1RA. The antiallodynic activity of 8b was removed by co-application of the σ1 agonist PRE-084, proving σ1 antagonism being involved in the antiallodynic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Blicker
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael González-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Center (Neurosciences Institute), Biosanitary Research Institute ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Center (Neurosciences Institute), Biosanitary Research Institute ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Judith Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Turgutalp B, Bhattarai P, Ercetin T, Luise C, Reis R, Gurdal EE, Isaak A, Biriken D, Dinter E, Sipahi H, Schepmann D, Junker A, Wünsch B, Sippl W, Gulcan HO, Kizil C, Yarim M. Discovery of Potent Cholinesterase Inhibition-Based Multi-Target-Directed Lead Compounds for Synaptoprotection in Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12292-12318. [PMID: 36084304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug development efforts that focused on single targets failed to provide effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, we designed cholinesterase inhibition (ChEI)-based multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) to simultaneously target AD-related receptors. We built a library of 70 compounds, sequentially screened for ChEI, and determined σ1R, σ2R, NMDAR-GluN2B binding affinities, and P2X7R antagonistic activities. Nine fulfilled in silico drug-likeness criteria and did not display toxicity in three cell lines. Seven displayed cytoprotective activity in two stress-induced cellular models. Compared to donepezil, six showed equal/better synaptic protection in a zebrafish model of acute amyloidosis-induced synaptic degeneration. Two P2X7R antagonists alleviated the activation state of microglia in vivo. Permeability studies were performed, and four did not inhibit CYP450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. Therefore, four ChEI-based lead MTDLs are promising drug candidates for synaptic integrity protection and could serve as disease-modifying AD treatment. Our study also proposes zebrafish as a useful preclinical tool for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Turgutalp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 10032 New York, United States
| | - Tugba Ercetin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC, via Mersin 10, 99628 Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Chiara Luise
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 6099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rengin Reis
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34758 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enise Ece Gurdal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Isaak
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Derya Biriken
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elisabeth Dinter
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Clinic, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 6099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hayrettin Ozan Gulcan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC, via Mersin 10, 99628 Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 10032 New York, United States
| | - Mine Yarim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Markus A, Schreiber JA, Goerges G, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Daniliuc C, Fröhlich R, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Phenol-benzoxazolone bioisosteres of GluN2B-NMDA receptor antagonists: Unexpected rearrangement during reductive alkylation with phenylcyclohexanone. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200225. [PMID: 35908158 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulators of N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors containing the GluN2B subunit represent promising drug candidates for the treatment of various neurological disorders including stroke, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. To increase the bioavailability and GluN2B affinity, the phenol of the potent benzazepine-based inhibitor, WMS-1410 (3), was replaced bioisosterically by a benzoxazolone moiety and the phenylbutyl side chain was conformationally restricted in a phenylcyclohexyl substituent. A four-step, one-pot procedure transformed the oxazolo-benzazepine 7 into the phenylcyclohexyl derivative 11. The same protocol was applied to the methylated analog 12, which unexpectedly led to ring-contracted oxazolo-isoquinolines 18. This rearrangement was explained by the additional methyl moiety in the 8-position inhibiting the formation of the planar intermediate iminium ion with phenylcyclohexanone. The allyl protective group of 11 and 18 was removed with RhCl3 and HCl to obtain the tricyclic compounds 5 and 19 without substituent at the oxazolone ring. The structures of the rearranged products 18 and 19 were elucidated by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The oxazolo-isoquinoline trans-18 with allyl moiety (Ki = 89 nM) and the oxazolo-benzazepine 5 without substituent at the oxazolone ring (Ki = 114 nM) showed GluN2B affinity in the same range as the lead compound 3. In two-electrode voltage clamp measurements, 5 displayed only weak inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Markus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Münster, Germany.,University Hospital Münster, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Münster, Germany
| | - Gunnar Goerges
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Münster, Germany
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11
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Zheng M, Ahmed H, Smart K, Xu Y, Holden D, Kapinos M, Felchner Z, Haider A, Tamagnan G, Carson RE, Huang Y, Ametamey SM. Characterization in nonhuman primates of (R)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 for imaging the GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2153-2162. [PMID: 35107627 PMCID: PMC9165293 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GluN2B containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an essential role in neurotransmission and are a potential treatment target for multiple neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 was reported to be more specific and selective than (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 for the GluN2B subunits of the NMDAR based on their binding affinity to GluN2B and sigma-1 receptors. Here we report a comprehensive evaluation of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 in nonhuman primates. METHODS The radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 started from 18F-fluorination of the boronic ester precursor, followed by removal of the acetyl protecting group. PET scans in two rhesus monkeys were conducted on the Focus 220 scanner. Blocking studies were performed after treatment of the animals with the GluN2B antagonist Co101,244 or the sigma-1 receptor antagonist FTC-146. One-tissue compartment (1TC) model and multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method with arterial input function were used to obtain the regional volume of distribution (VT, mL/cm3). Occupancy values by the two blockers were obtained by the Lassen plot. Regional non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated from the corresponding baseline VT and the VND derived from the occupancy plot of the Co101,244 blocking scans. RESULTS (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 were produced in > 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity, with molar activity of 224.22 ± 161.69 MBq/nmol at the end of synthesis (n = 10). Metabolism was moderate, with ~ 30% parent compound remaining for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and 20% for (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 at 30 min postinjection. Plasma free fraction was 1-2%. In brain regions, both (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 displayed fast uptake with slower clearance for the (R)- than (S)-enantiomer. For (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, both the 1TC model and MA1 method gave reliable estimates of regional VT values, with MA1 VT (mL/cm3) values ranging from 8.9 in the cerebellum to 12.8 in the cingulate cortex. Blocking with 0.25 mg/kg of Co101,244 greatly reduced the uptake of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 across all brain regions, resulting in occupancy of 77% and VND of 6.36, while 0.027 mg/kg of FTC-146 reduced specific binding by 30%. Regional BPND, as a measure of specific binding signals, ranged from 0.40 in the cerebellum to 1.01 in the cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS In rhesus monkeys, (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 exhibited fast kinetics and heterogeneous uptake across brain regions, while the (S)-enantiomer displayed a narrower dynamic range of uptake across regions. A Blocking study with a GluN2B antagonist indicated binding specificity. The value of BPND was > 0.5 in most brain regions, suggesting good in vivo specific binding signals. Taken together, results from the current study demonstrated the potential of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 as a useful radiotracer for imaging the GluN2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Smart
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuping Xu
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Markus A, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Negative allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors with GluN2B subunit: Alanine-derived benzoxazolone bioisosteres of 2-methyl-3-benzazepine-1,7-diols. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200177. [PMID: 35606890 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by besonprodil, the phenol of potent negative allosteric modulators of GluN2B-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was replaced by a benzoxazolone system. To increase the similarity to the lead compounds, an additional methyl moiety was installed in the 8-position of tricyclic oxazolobenzazepines, resulting in compounds 6. The additional methyl moiety originates from alanine, which was introduced by a Mitsunobu reaction of benzoxazolylethanol 7 with N-triflyl-protected alanine methyl ester. A crucial feature of the synthesis was the protection of the oxazolone ring by an allyl moiety, which was cleaved off at the end of the synthesis by RhCl3 -catalyzed isomerization. Due to the additional methyl moiety, the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation of acid 10 to afford ketone 11 required careful optimization to minimize the formation of the side product tetrahydroisoquinoline 16. Alkylation or reductive alkylation of secondary amine 13 led to diastereomeric oxazolobenzazepines cis-14 and trans-14, which were separated by flash chromatography. Phenylbutyl derivatives cis-6a and trans-6a revealed twofold higher GluN2B affinity than analog 5a without 8-CH3 group. The methylated oxazolobenzazepines 6 and 14 did not interact with the phencyclidine binding site of NMDA receptors and σ2 receptors. However, the σ1 receptor preferred cis-configured oxazolobenzazepines. The highest σ1 receptor affinities were obtained for cis-14a (Ki = 26 nM) and cis-6b (Ki = 30 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Markus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Münster, Germany
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13
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Markus A, Schreiber JA, Goerges G, Frehland B, Seebohm G, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Phenol-Benzoxazolone bioisosteres: Synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic GluN2B-selective N-methyl- d-aspartate receptor antagonists. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200147. [PMID: 35606894 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tricyclic tetrahydrooxazolo[4,5-h]-[3]benzazepin-9-ols 22 were designed as phenol bioisosteres of tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-1,7-diols. Key features of the synthesis are the introduction of the trifluoromethylsulfonyl and allyl protective groups at the heterocyclic N-atoms. Two methods were developed to convert the triflyl-protected ketone 16 into tricyclic alcohols 21 bearing various N-substituents. According to the first method, trifluoromethanesulfinate was removed by K2 CO3 . Following the selective reduction of the imino moiety of 17 with NaBH(OAc)3 afforded the aminoketone 18, which was reductively alkylated and reduced. According to the second method, both the imine and the ketone of the iminoketone 17 were reduced with NaBH4 to yield the aminoalcohol 20, which was alkylated or reductively alkylated to form tertiary amines 21f-21r. In the last step, the allyl protective group of 21 was removed with RhCl3 and HCl to obtain oxazolones 22. In receptor binding studies using [3 H]ifenprodil as radioligand ketone, 22m showed the highest GluN2B affinity (Ki = 88 nM). However, a reduced affinity toward GluN2B subunit-containing N-methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was observed for oxazolones 22 compared to bioisosteric 3-benzazepine-1,7-diols. High selectivity of 22m for the ifenprodil binding site of GluN2B-NMDA receptors over the 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine binding site and σ2 receptors was observed, but only negligible selectivity over σ1 receptors. In two-electrode voltage clamp experiments, the 4-phenylbutyl derivative 22d (Ki = 422 nM) demonstrated 80% inhibition of ion flux at a concentration of 1 µM. The differences in GluN2B affinity and inhibitory activity are explained by docking studies. In conclusion, 22d is regarded as a novel scaffold of highly potent GluN1/GluN2B antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Markus
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gunnar Goerges
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Bechthold E, Schreiber JA, Ritter N, Schepmann D, Daniliuc C, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of conformationally restricted GluN2B ligands derived from eliprodil. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Rajan R, Schepmann D, Steigerwald R, Schreiber JA, El‐Awaad E, Jose J, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based TCN-201 Analogs as GluN2A-Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3201-3209. [PMID: 34265163 PMCID: PMC8596836 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the involvement of GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors in various neurological and pathological disorders. In the X-ray crystal structure, TCN-201 (1) and analogous pyrazine derivatives 2 and 3 adopt a U-shape (hairpin) conformation within the binding site formed by the ligand binding domains of the GluN1 and GluN2A subunits. In order to mimic the resulting π/π-interactions of two aromatic rings in the binding site, a [2.2]paracyclophane system was designed to lock these aromatic rings in a parallel orientation. Acylation of [2.2]paracyclophane (5) with oxalyl chloride and chloroacetyl chloride and subsequent transformations led to the oxalamide 7, triazole 10 and benzamides 12. The GluN2A inhibitory activities of the paracyclophane derivatives were tested with two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing selectively functional NMDA receptors with GluN2A subunit. The o-iodobenzamide 12 b with the highest similarity to TCN-201 showed the highest GuN2A inhibitory activity of this series of compounds. At a concentration of 10 μM, 12 b reached 36 % of the inhibitory activity of TCN-201 (1). This result indicates that the [2.2]paracyclophane system is well accepted by the TCN-201 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Rajan
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie derWestfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie derWestfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Ruben Steigerwald
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie derWestfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- GRK 2515Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
| | - Julian A. Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie derWestfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH)University Hospital MünsterRobert-Koch-Str. 4548149MünsterGermany
| | - Ehab El‐Awaad
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie derWestfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie derWestfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- GRK 2515Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- GRK 2515Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular BiologyInstitute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH)University Hospital MünsterRobert-Koch-Str. 4548149MünsterGermany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie derWestfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
- GRK 2515Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
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16
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Ugale V, Dhote A, Narwade R, Khadse S, Reddy PN, Shirkhedkar A. GluN2B/N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists: Advances in Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation Studies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:822-862. [PMID: 33687902 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210309141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective GluN2B/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists have exposed their clinical effectiveness in a cluster of neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, pain, and depression. Hence, GluN2B/NMDARs are considered to be a prospective target for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we have discussed the current results and significance of subunit selective GluN2B/NMDAR antagonists to pave the way for the establishment of new, safe, and economical drug candidates in the near future. By using summarized data of selective GluN2B/NMDAR antagonists, medicinal chemists are certainly a step closer to the goal of improving the therapeutic and side effect profile of selective antagonists. Outlined summary of designing strategies, synthetic schemes, and pharmacological evaluation studies reinvigorate efforts to identify, modify, and synthesize novel GluN2B/NMDAR antagonists for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist: Dhule (MS) 425405, India
| | - Ashish Dhote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist: Dhule (MS) 425405, India
| | - Rushikesh Narwade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist: Dhule (MS) 425405, India
| | - Saurabh Khadse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist: Dhule (MS) 425405, India
| | - P Narayana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Gitam School of Technology, Gitam University, Hyderabad (T.S), India
| | - Atul Shirkhedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist: Dhule (MS) 425405, India
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17
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Bechthold E, Schreiber JA, Lehmkuhl K, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Bernal FA, Daniliuc C, Álvarez I, Garcia CV, Schmidt TJ, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Ifenprodil Stereoisomers: Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Correlation with Biological Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1170-1179. [PMID: 33426889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ifenprodil (1) is a potent GluN2B-selective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is used as a cerebral vasodilator and has been examined in clinical trials for the treatment of drug addiction, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and COVID-19. To correlate biological data with configuration, all four ifenprodil stereoisomers were prepared by diastereoselective reduction and subsequent separation of enantiomers by chiral HPLC. The absolute configuration of ifenprodil stereoisomers was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis of (1R,2S)-1a and (1S,2S)-1d. GluN2B affinity, ion channel inhibitory activity, and selectivity over α, σ, and 5-HT receptors were evaluated. (1R,2R)-Ifenprodil ((1R,2R)-1c) showed the highest affinity toward GluN2B-NMDA receptors (Ki = 5.8 nM) and high inhibition of ion flux in two-electrode voltage clamp experiments (IC50 = 223 nM). Whereas the configuration did not influence considerably the GluN2B-NMDA receptor binding, (1R)-configuration is crucial for elevated inhibitory activity. (1R,2R)-Configured ifenprodil (1R,2R)-1c exhibited high selectivity for GluN2B-NMDA receptors over adrenergic, serotonergic, and σ1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bechthold
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirstin Lehmkuhl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Freddy A Bernal
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Inés Álvarez
- In Vitro Pharmacology, WeLab, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Val Garcia
- Grupo de Investigación Biofarma. Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Centro de Investigación CIMUS. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Grupo de Investigación Biofarma. Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Centro de Investigación CIMUS. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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18
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Rajan R, Schepmann D, Schreiber JA, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Synthesis of GluN2A-selective NMDA receptor antagonists with an electron-rich aromatic B-ring. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112939. [PMID: 33162207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are heterotetrameric ion channels that can be comprised of different subunits. GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors are associated with diseases like anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. However, the exact contribution of these NMDA receptor subtypes is still unclear. To understand better the role of the GluN2A-containing receptors, novel ligands were designed. In co-crystallization with the isolated binding site, TCN-201 (1) and analogs adopt a U-shape conformation with parallel orientation of rings A and B. In order to increase the π/π-interactions between these rings, ring B of TCN-201 was replaced bioisosterically by different electron-rich thiazole, oxazole, and isoxazole heterocycles. The inhibitory activity was measured by two-electrode voltage clamp experiments with Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. It was found that 21c, 31a, 37a, and 37b were able to inhibit the ion channel. The isoxazole derivative 37b was the most potent negative allosteric modulator displaying 40% of the TCN-201 activity at a concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Rajan
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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19
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A comprehensive description of GluN2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Thum S, Schepmann D, Reinoso RF, Alvarez I, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of fluorinated benzo[7]annulen-7-amines as GluN2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonists. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 62:354-379. [PMID: 30850991 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Because of their neuroprotective potential, GluN2B-selective ligands are of great interest for the treatment of various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Fluorinated benzo[7]annulen-7-amines, capable for PET, were synthesized by combining fluorinated phenylalkylamines with differently substituted ketones. Relationships between substitution pattern and GluN2B affinity as well as selectivity towards σ1 and σ2 receptors were investigated. Two promising ligands (18a and 20c) were selected for further pharmacological evaluation. Besides a slight serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and hERG affinity, they did not show interaction with other targets. Furthermore, the pKa value of a set fluorinated ligands, bearing the fluorine atom in different positions, was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Thum
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Simon M Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI, and USZ, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
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21
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Temme L, Bechthold E, Schreiber JA, Gawaskar S, Schepmann D, Robaa D, Sippl W, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Negative allosteric modulators of the GluN2B NMDA receptor with phenylethylamine structure embedded in ring-expanded and ring-contracted scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112138. [PMID: 32070917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A set of GluN2B NMDA receptor antagonists with conformationally restricted phenylethylamine substructure was prepared and pharmacologically evaluated. The phenylethylamine substructure was embedded in ring expanded 3-benzazocines 4 as well as ring-contracted tetralinamines 6 and indanamines 7. The ligands 4, 6 and 7 were synthesized by reductive alkylation of secondary amine 11, reductive amination of ketones 12 and 16 and nucleophilic substitution of nosylates 14 and 17. The moderate GluN2B affinity of 3-benzazocine 4d (Ki = 32 nM) translated into moderate cytoprotective activity (IC50 = 890 nM) and moderate ion channel inhibition (60% at 10 μM) in two-electrode voltage clamp experiments with GluN1a/GluN2B expressing oocytes. Although some of the tetralinamines 6 and indanamines 7 showed very high GluN2B affinity (e.g. Ki (7f) = 3.2 nM), they could not inhibit glutamate/glycine inducted cytotoxicity. The low cytoprotective activity of 3-benzazocines 4, tetralinamines 6 and indanamines 7 was attributed to the missing OH moiety at the benzene ring and/or in benzylic position. Docking studies showed that the novel GluN2B ligands adopt similar binding poses as Ro 25-6981 with the central H-bond interaction between the protonated amino moiety of the ligands and the carbamoyl moiety of Gln110. However, due to the lack of a second H-bond forming group, the ligands can adopt two binding poses within the ifenprodil binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Temme
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Bechthold
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany; Institut für Pharmazie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sandeep Gawaskar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institut für Pharmazie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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22
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Schepmann D, Neue C, Westphälinger S, Müller C, Bracher F, Lange C, Bednarski P, Almansa C, Friedland K, Räbiger V, Düfer M, Wünsch B. Pharmacological characterization of high-affinity σ 1 receptor ligands with spirocyclic thienopyran and thienofuran scaffold. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:236-248. [PMID: 31743446 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the pharmacological properties of six spirocyclic piperidines 1-6 showing very high σ1 receptor affinity (Ki = 0.2-16 nm) were investigated. METHODS In vitro receptor binding studies, retinal ganglion assay and in vivo capsaicin assay were used to determine the affinity, selectivity and activity. Influence on human tumour cell growth (cell lines A427, LCLC-103H, 5637 and DAN-G) was determined in different assays. The effect on the ergosterol and cholesterol biosynthesis was determined by GLC/MS analysis. KEY FINDINGS Receptor binding studies demonstrated high selectivity for the σ1 receptor. The increased Ca2+ influx mediated by 2 and the analgesic activity of 1, 4, 5 and 6 confirm σ1 receptor antagonistic activity. Inhibition of human tumour cell growth further supports the σ1 antagonistic effects. Treatment of A427 tumour cells with 2 led to cell detachment and cell degradation. Whereas the ergosterol biosynthesis was not affected, the sterol C14-reductase, a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis, was weakly inhibited. CONCLUSIONS Due to the high selectivity, off-target effects are not expected. The antiallodynic activity underlines the clinical potential of the spirocyclic piperidines for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Due to the antiproliferative activity, the spirocyclic σ1 antagonists represent promising antitumour agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Neue
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Westphälinger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Lange
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Friedland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vivien Räbiger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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23
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Thiophene bioisosteres of GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonists: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of [7]annuleno[b]thiophen-6-amines. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Temme L, Börgel F, Schepmann D, Robaa D, Sippl W, Daniliuc C, Wünsch B. Impact of hydroxy moieties at the benzo[7]annulene ring system of GluN2B ligands: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115146. [PMID: 31648876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of one or two hydroxy moieties at the benzo[7]annulene scaffold on the GluN2B affinity and cytoprotective activity was analyzed. The key intermediate for the synthesis of OH-substituted benzo[7]annulenamines 11-13 and 17 was the epoxyketone 8. Reductive epoxide opening of 8 resulted with high regioselectivity in the 5-hydroxyketone 9 (Pd(OAc)2, HCO2H, phosphane ligand) or the 6-hydroxyketone 10 (H2, Pd/C), whereas hydrolysis in aqueous dioxane led to the dihydroxyketone 14. Reductive amination of these ketones with primary amines and NaBH(OAc)3 afforded the benzo[7]annulenamines 11-13 and 17. In receptor binding studies 5-OH derivatives 11 and 12 showed higher GluN2B affinity than 6-OH derivatives 13, which in turn were more active than 5,6-di-OH derivative 17a. The same order was found for the cytoprotective activity of the ligands. The tertiary amine 12a with one OH moiety in 5-position represents the most promising GluN2B negative allosteric modulator with a binding affinity of Ki = 49 nM and a cytoprotective activity of IC50 = 580 nM. In the binding pocket 12a shows a crucial H-bond between the benzylic OH moiety and the backbone carbonyl O-atom of Ser132 (GluN1b). It was concluded that a 5-OH moiety is essential for the inhibition of the NMDA receptor associated ion channel, whereas a OH moiety in 6-position is detrimental for binding and inhibition. An OH or CH2OH moiety at 2-position results in binding at the ifenprodil binding site, but very weak ion channel inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Temme
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institut für Pharmazie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institut für Pharmazie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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25
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Schreiber JA, Schepmann D, Frehland B, Thum S, Datunashvili M, Budde T, Hollmann M, Strutz-Seebohm N, Wünsch B, Seebohm G. A common mechanism allows selective targeting of GluN2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Commun Biol 2019; 2:420. [PMID: 31754650 PMCID: PMC6858350 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), especially GluN2B-containing NMDARs, are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson, Alzheimer and Huntington based on their high Ca2+ conductivity. Overactivation leads to high intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and cell death rendering GluN2B-selective inhibitors as promising drug candidates. Ifenprodil represents the first highly potent prototypical, subtype-selective inhibitor of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. However, activity of ifenprodil on serotonergic, adrenergic and sigma receptors limits its therapeutic use. Structural reorganization of the ifenprodil scaffold to obtain 3-benzazepines retained inhibitory GluN2B activity but decreased the affinity at the mentioned non-NMDARs. While scaffold optimization improves the selectivity, the molecular inhibitory mechanism of these compounds is still not known. Here, we show a common inhibitory mechanism of ifenprodil and the related 3-benzazepines by mutational modifications of the receptor binding site, chemical modifications of the 3-benzazepine scaffold and subsequent in silico simulation of the inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Schreiber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simone Thum
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maia Datunashvili
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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26
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Ahmed H, Haider A, Varisco J, Stanković M, Wallimann R, Gruber S, Iten I, Häne S, Müller Herde A, Keller C, Schibli R, Schepmann D, Mu L, Wünsch B, Ametamey SM. Structure–Affinity Relationships of 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-amine Analogues and the Discovery of a Radiofluorinated 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine Congener for Imaging GluN2B Subunit-Containing N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9450-9470. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Varisco
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Stanković
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Wallimann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Gruber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Iten
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Surya Häne
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Müller Herde
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Linjing Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Thum S, Schepmann D, Ayet E, Pujol M, Nieto FR, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B. Tetrahydro-3-benzazepines with fluorinated side chains as NMDA and σ 1 receptor antagonists: Synthesis, receptor affinity, selectivity and antiallodynic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:47-62. [PMID: 31129453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The class of tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines was systematically modified in 1-, 3- and 7-position. In particular, a F-atom was introduced in β- or γ-position of the 4-phenylbutyl side chain in 3-position. Ligands with the F-atom in γ-position possess higher GluN2B affinity than analogs bearing the F-atom in β-position. This effect was attributed to the reduced basicity of β-fluoro amines. 3-Benzazepines with a benzylic OH moiety show moderate GluN2B affinity, but considerable selectivity over the σ2 receptor. However, removal of the benzylic OH moiety led to increased GluN2B affinity, but reduced GluN2B/σ2 selectivity. With respect to GluN2B affinity the phenol 17b with a γ-fluorophenylbutyl moiety in 3-position represents the most interesting fluorinated ligand (Ki(GluN2B) = 16 nM). Most of the synthesized ligands reveal either similar GluN2B and σ1 affinity or higher σ1 affinity than GluN2B affinity. The methyl ether 16b shows high σ1 affinity (Ki(σ1) = 6.6 nM) and high selectivity over a broad panel of receptors and transporters. The high antiallodynic activity in the mouse capsaicin assay proved the σ1 antagonistic activity of 16b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Thum
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Ayet
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A, Baldiri Reixach 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pujol
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A, Baldiri Reixach 4-8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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28
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Wagner M, Schepmann D, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B. Modification of the 4-phenylbutyl side chain of potent 3-benzazepine-based GluN2B receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3559-3567. [PMID: 31255496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity driven by overactivation of NMDA receptors represents a major mechanism of acute and chronic neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Negative allosteric modulators interacting with the ifenprodil binding site of the NMDA receptor are able to interrupt this ongoing neurodamaging process. Starting from the potent 3-benzazepine-1,7-diol 4a novel NMDA receptor antagonists were designed by modification of the N-(4-phenylbutyl) side chain. With respect to developing novel fluorinated PET tracers, regioisomeric fluoroethoxy derivatives 11, 12, 14, and 15 were synthesized. Analogs 19 and 20 with various heteroaryl moieties at the end of the N-side chain were prepared by Sonogashira reaction and nucleophilic substitution. The fluoroethyl triazole 37 was obtained by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. In several new ligands, the flexibility of the (hetero)arylbutyl side chain was restricted by incorporation of a triple bond. The affinity towards the ifenprodil binding site was tested in an established competition assay using [3H]ifenprodil as radioligand. Introduction of a fluoroethoxy moiety at the terminal phenyl ring, replacement of the terminal phenyl ring by a heteroaryl ring and incorporation of a triple bond into the butyl spacer led to considerable reduction of GluN2B affinity. The phenol 15 (Ki = 193 nM) bearing a p-fluoroethoxy moiety at the terminal phenyl ring represents the most promising GluN2B ligand of this series of compounds. With exception of 15 showing moderate σ2 affinity (Ki = 79 nM), the interaction of synthesized 3-benzazepines towards the PCP binding site of the NMDA receptor, σ1 and σ2 receptors was rather low (Ki > 100 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Wagner
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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29
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Zampieri D, Fortuna S, Calabretti A, Romano M, Menegazzi R, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Collina S, Zanon D, Mamolo MG. Discovery of new potent dual sigma receptor/GluN2b ligands with antioxidant property as neuroprotective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:268-282. [PMID: 31319263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among several potential applications, sigma receptors (σRs) can be used as neuroprotective agents, antiamnesic, antipsychotics and against other neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hands, antagonists of the GluN2b-subunit-containing-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are of major interest for the same purpose, being this subunit expressed in specific areas of the central nervous system and responsible for the excitatory regulation of nerve cells. Under these premises, we have synthesized and biologically tested novel hybrid derivatives obtained from the combination of phenyloxadiazolone and dihydroquinolinone scaffolds with different amine moieties, peculiar of σ2R ligands. Most of the new ligands exhibited a pan-affinity towards both σR subtypes and high affinity against GluN2b subunit. The most promising compounds belong to the dihydroquinolinone series, with the best affinity profile for the cyclohexylpiperazine derivative 28. Investigation on their biological activity showed that the new compounds were able to protect SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. These results proved that our dual σR/GluN2b ligands have beneficial effects in a model of neuronal oxidative stress and can represent strong candidate pharmacotherapeutic agents for minimizing oxidative stress-induced neuronal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy. http://sarafortuna.eu/
| | - Antonella Calabretti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28/1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28/1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Viale Taramelli 6 and 12, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Zanon
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology Department Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Piazzale Europa 1- Via Giorgieri 1, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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30
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Baumeister S, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Synthesis and receptor binding of thiophene bioisosteres of potent GluN2B ligands with a benzo[7]annulene-scaffold. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:315-325. [PMID: 30881618 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of NMDA receptors containing the GluN2B subunit in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease renders this NMDA receptor subtype an interesting pharmacological target. The aim of this study was the bioisosteric replacement of benzene, methoxybenzene and aniline moieties of known potent GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonists by a thiophene ring. In a nine-step synthesis starting from commercially available propionic acid 9 the thiophene derivative 7a was obtained as a bioisostere of the potent GluN2B ligands cis-3 and trans-3. [7]Annuleno[b]thiophene 8a without a benzylic OH moiety was prepared in a six-step synthesis starting from carboxylic acid 18. 8a represents a bioisostere of potent GluN2B ligands 4 and 5. [7]Annulenothiophene 8a without a benzylic OH moiety reveals approx. 8-fold higher GluN2B affinity (K i = 26 nM) than the analogous thiophene derivative 7a with a benzylic OH moiety (K i = 204 nM). Both thiophene bioisosteres show a slight preference for GluN2B receptors over both σ receptors. The data indicate that the bioisosteric replacement of benzene or substituted benzene rings by a thiophene ring is well tolerated by the NMDA receptor. Furthermore, the benzylic OH moiety seems not to be essential for high GluN2B affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Baumeister
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 251 83 33311
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 251 83 33311
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 251 83 33311.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Germany
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31
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Thum S, Schepmann D, Kalinin DV, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B. Replacement of the Benzylpiperidine Moiety with Fluorinated Phenylalkyl Side Chains for the Development of GluN2B Receptor Ligands. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2522-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Thum
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dmitrii V. Kalinin
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003–CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 48149 Münster Germany
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32
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Pyridine bioisosteres of potent GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptor antagonists with benzo[7]annulene scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:397-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Börgel F, Szermerski M, Schreiber JA, Temme L, Strutz‐Seebohm N, Lehmkuhl K, Schepmann D, Ametamey SM, Seebohm G, Schmidt TJ, Wünsch B. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Enantiomerically Pure GluN2B Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1580-1587. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Börgel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marina Szermerski
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Julian A. Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Louisa Temme
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz‐Seebohm
- Myocellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University Hospital Münster 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kirstin Lehmkuhl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Myocellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH) Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University Hospital Münster 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Münster Germany
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34
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Szermerski M, Börgel F, Schepmann D, Haider A, Betzel T, Ametamey SM, Wünsch B. Fluorinated GluN2B Receptor Antagonists with a 3-Benzazepine Scaffold Designed for PET Studies. ChemMedChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Szermerski
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Betzel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Münster Germany
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35
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Temme L, Schepmann D, Schreiber JA, Frehland B, Wünsch B. Comparative Pharmacological Study of Common NMDA Receptor Open Channel Blockers Regarding Their Affinity and Functional Activity toward GluN2A and GluN2B NMDA Receptors. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:446-452. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Temme
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Julian A. Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 48 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Germany
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36
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2-Methyltetrahydro-3-benzazepin-1-ols - The missing link in SAR of GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:501-508. [PMID: 29254894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor containing GluN2B subunits represents a promising target for the development of drugs for the treatment of various neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. In order to study the role of CH3 and OH moieties trisubstituted tetrahydro-3-benzazepines 4 were designed as missing link between tetra- and disubstituted 3-benzazepines 2 and 5. The synthesis of 4 comprises eight reaction steps starting from alanine. The intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation to obtain the ketone 12 and the base-catalyzed elimination of trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF3SO2-) followed by NaBH4 reduction represent the key steps. The GluN2B affinity of the cis-configured 3-benzazepin-1-ol cis-4a with a 4-phenylbutyl side chain (Ki = 252 nM) is considerably lower than the GluN2B affinity of (R,R)-2 (Ki = 17 nM) indicating the importance of the phenolic OH moiety for the interaction with the receptor protein. Introduction of an additional CH3 moiety in 2-position led to a slight decrease of GluN2B affinity as can be seen by comparing the affinity data of cis-4a and 5. The homologous phenylpentyl derivative cis-4b shows the highest GluN2B affinity (Ki = 56 nM) of this series of compounds. According to docking studies cis-4a adopts the same binding mode as the cocrystallized ligand ifenprodil-keto 1A and 5 at the interface of the GluN2B and GluN1a subunits. The same crucial H-bonds are formed between the C(O)NH2 moiety of Gln110 within the GluN2B subunit and the protonated amino moiety and the OH moiety of (R,R)-cis-4a.
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37
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Temme L, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Robaa D, Sippl W, Wünsch B. Hydroxymethyl bioisosteres of phenolic GluN2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonists: Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:672-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Rath S, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Replacement of benzylic hydroxy group by vinyl or hydroxymethyl moiety at the 3-benzazepine scaffold retaining GluN2B affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5365-5372. [PMID: 28797770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since overactivation of NMDA receptors is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, the design and development of subunit-selective NMDA receptor antagonists are of great interest. In order to avoid the formation of quinone-like intermediates as starting point for degradation the benzylic OH group of the lead compounds 2 was replaced by an electron rich vinyl or homologous hydroxymethyl moiety. The Bi(OTf)3 catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 9a represents the key step in the synthesis of 1-vinyl substituted tetrahydro-3-benzazepine 10. Ozonolysis of 10 and subsequent reduction led to the hydroxymethyl derivative 14. The GluN2B affinities of the methyl ethers 2a, 3a and 4a and phenols 2b and 3b are very similar, respectively. It can be concluded that the ifenprodil binding site of GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors well tolerates a vinyl or hydroxymethyl moiety instead of the benzylic OH group. However, the selectivity has to improved, since the σ1 affinity of the new ligands is higher than their GluN2B affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Rath
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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39
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Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation and Docking Studies of GluN2B-Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists with a Benzo[7]annulen-7-amine Scaffold. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1212-1222. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Dey S, Temme L, Schreiber JA, Schepmann D, Frehland B, Lehmkuhl K, Strutz-Seebohm N, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Deconstruction - reconstruction approach to analyze the essential structural elements of tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-based antagonists of GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:552-564. [PMID: 28704758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the phenolic and benzylic OH moieties for the interaction of tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-1,7-diol 3d with GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors was analyzed by their stepwise removal. Elimination of trifluormethanesulfinate from 10 and 13 represent the key steps in the synthesis. Removal of phenolic OH moiety led to 5-fold reduced GluN2B affinity of 4d compared with 3d. Additional removal of the benzylic OH moiety (5d) resulted in further reduced GluN2B affinity but increased σ1 and σ2 affinities. Introduction of a NO2 (6d) or NH2 moiety (7d) decreased the GluN2B affinity. 3-Benzazepin-1-ol 4i with the N-phenylcyclohexyl side chain showed the highest GluN2B affinity of this series of compounds (Ki = 2.2 nM) and, moreover, high selectivity over the PCP binding site, σ1 and σ2 receptors. In docking studies 3-benzazepines (S)-4-7 adopt the same binding poses as ifenprodil and display the same crucial interactions. Unexpectedly, the high-affinity ligands (S)-4i, (S)-4j, and (S)-6i were not able to inhibit the glutamate/glycine evoked current in two-electrode voltage clamp measurements and the cytotoxic effects of glutamate/glycine on transfected cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Dey
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Louisa Temme
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirstin Lehmkuhl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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Shuto Y, Thum S, Temme L, Schepmann D, Kitamura M, Wünsch B. Do GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors tolerate a fluorine atom in the phenylalkyl side chain? MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:975-981. [PMID: 30108812 PMCID: PMC6072303 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00621c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of an F-atom in the side chain of benzo[7]annulen-7-amines on the affinity towards GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors and the selectivity over related receptors was investigated. The synthesis of 5a and 5b was performed by reductive amination of the ketone 6 with primary alkanamines 14a and 14b bearing an F-atom in β-position. The GluN2B affinities of non-fluorinated and fluorinated ligands 4 and 5 are almost identical. The low impact of the F-atom on GluN2B affinity was unexpected, as it influences several chemical and physicochemical properties of the ligands. However, introduction of the F-atom led to reduced selectivity over σ receptors. Whereas 5a and 5b display still a 2-3-fold preference for GluN2B over σ1 receptors, they show almost the same affinity to GluN2B and σ2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shuto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Simone Thum
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 251 8333311
| | - Louisa Temme
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 251 8333311
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 251 8333311
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 251 8333311
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Germany
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Tewes B, Frehland B, Fröhlich R, Wünsch B. Crystal structure of (1S*,2R*)-7-benz-yloxy-2-methyl-3-tosyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-3-benz-azepin-1-ol: elucidation of the relative configuration of potent allosteric GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonists. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2016; 72:683-6. [PMID: 27308018 PMCID: PMC4908544 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016005855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydro-3-benzazepines with a hydroxy group in the 1-position and a methyl group in the 2-position were designed as conformationally restricted ifenprodil analogues. The enantiomerically pure 3-benzazepine (S,R)-4 representing a constitutional isomer of ifenprodil shows high affinity towards the ifenprodil binding site (Ki = 26 nM) and high antagonistic activity at the NMDA receptor (IC50 = 9.0 nM). The crystal structure analysis of the intermediate sulfonamide (S,R)-2 was performed in order to assign unequivocally the relative configuration of the methyl and hydroxy groups. In the title compound, C25H27NO4S, which crystallized as a racemate, the relative configuration of the adjacent OH and CH3 groups on the azepine ring is trans. The seven-membered azepin ring has a chair-like conformation. The planar aromatic rings of the benzyl and tosylate moiety are inclined to the planar 3-benzazepine ring by 78.39 (15) and 77.03 (14)°, respectively, and to each another by 13.82 (15)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming double-stranded chains along the a-axis direction. The chains are linked via C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Tewes
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149-Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Universität Münster, Germany
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Tewes B, Frehland B, Fröhlich R, Wünsch B. Novel GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonists: relative configuration of 7-meth-oxy-2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-3-benzazepin-1-ols. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS 2016; 72:687-91. [PMID: 27308019 PMCID: PMC4908524 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016005843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of the flexible aminoalcohol substructure of ifenprodil into a more rigid ring system resulted in 2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-1-ols, (3) and (4), showing GluN2B affinity in the low nanomolar range. The chiral pool synthesis starting with (R)-alanine led to two diastereomers. The relative configuration of the benzazepines (3) and (4), that crystallized as racemates, was determined to be (S*,R*)-3 and (R*,R*)-4. The title compounds, C22H29NO2 (3) and C22H29NO2 (4) [systematic names: (1S*,2R*)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-1-ol and (1R*,2R*)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-1-ol, are diastereomers with the relative configuration of the adjacent hydroxyl and methyl groups at the seven-membered azepine ring being trans in (3) and cis in (4). In the crystals the orientation of these groups is −anti-periplanar (3) and +syn-clinal (4). In both cases, the crystals studied proved to be of a racemic mixture, with relative configurations (R*,S*)-3 and (R*,R*)-4. In both compounds, the seven-membered azepine ring has a chair-like conformation, and the 4-phenylbutyl side chain adopts a extended conformation in (R*,S*)-3, but a twisted conformation in (R*,R*)-4. In the crystal of (S*,R*)-3, molecules are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the ac plane. In the crystal of (R*,R*)-4, molecules are linked via O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the c-axis direction. The chains are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the ac plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Tewes
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149-Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Universität Münster, Germany
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Benzimidazolone bioisosteres of potent GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:136-146. [PMID: 27061977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the NMDA receptor is associated with excitotoxic events leading to neurodegenerative processes as observed during the development of Alzheimer's disease, ParFnson's disease, Chorea Huntington and epilepsy. Negative allosteric modulators addressing selectively the ifenprodil binding site of GluN2B subunit containing NMDA receptors are of major interest due to their neuroprotective potential accompanied by few side effects. Herein benzimidazolone bioisosteres of potent GluN2B antagonists 1-5 were designed and synthesized. A seven step sequence provided the central intermediate 19 in 28% yield. Elimination of water, methylation, epoxidation, epoxide rearrangement and finally reductive amination afforded the [7]annulenobenzimidazolone 30 with a 3-phenylpropylamino substituent in 6-position. Although 30 fits nicely into the pharmacophore of potent GluN2B antagonists, the gluN2B binding affinity of 30 was only moderate (Ki = 697 nM). Additionally, 30 shows low selectivity over the σ2 receptor (Ki = 549 nM). The moderate GluN2B affinity was explained by the rigid tricyclic structure of the [7]annulenobenzimidazolone 30.
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Role of the phenolic OH moiety of GluN2B-selective NMDA antagonists with 3-benzazepine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:889-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Benzo[7]annulene-based GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonists: Surprising effect of a nitro group in 2-position. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5748-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tewes B, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Robaa D, Uengwetwanit T, Gaube F, Winckler T, Sippl W, Wünsch B. Enantiomerically Pure 2-Methyltetrahydro-3-benzazepin-1-ols Selectively Blocking GluN2B Subunit Containing N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6293-305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Tewes
- Institut für
Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für
Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für
Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institut
für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse
4, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tanaporn Uengwetwanit
- Institut
für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse
4, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gaube
- Institut für
Pharmazie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Semmelweisstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Winckler
- Institut für
Pharmazie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Semmelweisstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institut
für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse
4, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für
Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion
Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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48
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Quick MP, Fröhlich R, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Asymmetric synthesis of 3-substituted tetrahydro-2-benzazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7265-81. [PMID: 26055189 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00731c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure tricyclic oxazolidine cis-10 was prepared in a five step synthesis starting with 1-bromo-2-iodobenzene. Me3SiCN and allylSiMe3 reacted with cis-10 in the presence of TiCl4 to form the nitrile (3S)-11 and the allyl derivative (3S)-12 with high diastereoselectivity. The hydrogenolytic removal of the chiral auxiliary failed, since the endocyclic benzyl-N-bond was cleaved simultaneously. Therefore the N-(hydroxyethyl)amide of (3S)-12 was transformed into the enamide 27, which was hydrolyzed to afford the secondary amide 28. The enamide strategy to remove the chiral auxiliary from (3S)-11 led to complete racemization due to fast deprotonation in α-position of the cyano moiety. Two pairs of enantiomers 30a-b/ent-30a-b with prototypical σ substituents at the N-atom were prepared. The low σ1 affinity of the tetrahydro-2-benzazepines (ent-30b, Ki = 407 nM) is attributed to the short distance between the two lipophilic aromatic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Quick
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Gawaskar S, Schepmann D, Bonifazi A, Wünsch B. Synthesis, GluN2B affinity and selectivity of benzo[7]annulen-7-amines. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6638-6646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Falck E, Begrow F, Verspohl EJ, Wünsch B. In vitro and in vivo biotransformation of WMS-1410, a potent GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonist. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 94:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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