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Pezhhanfar S, Farajzadeh MA, Kheirkhah Ghaleh M, Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. MIL-68 (Ga) for the extraction of derivatized and non-derivatized parabens from healthcare products. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21304. [PMID: 38042936 PMCID: PMC10693546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was the first-ever attempt to apply MIL-68 (Ga) in developing an analytical method. The method extracts and preconcentrates some parabens from mouthwash and hydrating gel samples. The variable extraction parameters were optimized, and the figures of merit were documented. Avogadro software was used besides discussing intermolecular interactions to clarify the absorption process. ComplexGAPI software was also exploited to assess the greenness of the method. After the derivatization of the parabens using acetic anhydride in the presence of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride was added to the solution and vortexed to dissolve. A few milligrams of MIL-68 (Ga) were added into the solution and vortexed. Centrifugation separated the analyte-loaded absorbent, which was treated with mL volume of methanol through vortexing for desorption aim. A few microliters of 1,2-dibromoethane were merged with the methanolic phase and injected into a sodium chloride solution. One microliter of the extracted phase was injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. High enrichment factors (200-330), reasonable extraction recoveries (40-66%), wide linear ranges (265-30,000 µg L-1), and appreciable coefficients of determination (0.996-0.999) were documented. The applicability of dispersive solid phase extraction for extracting polar analytes, imposing no additional step for performing derivatization, the capability of MIL-68 (Ga) for the absorption of both derivatized and non-derivatized parabens, the use of only 10 mg absorbent, and one-pot synthesis besides no high temperature or long reaction time in the sorbent provision are the highlights of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakha Pezhhanfar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey.
| | - Mahdi Kheirkhah Ghaleh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kumar S, Bhogal S, Malik AK, Aulakh JS. Magnetic graphene oxide carbon dot nanocomposites as an efficient quantification tool against parabens in water and cosmetic samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104319-104335. [PMID: 37704806 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A new method is developed for the simultaneous detection and extraction of parabens, including methyl paraben (MP), ethyl paraben (EP), propyl paraben (PP), and butyl paraben (BP), based on magnetic graphene oxide carbon dot nanocomposites (Fe3O4@GO@CD). Fe3O4@GO@CD has been synthesized using one pot hydrothermal method by intercalating iron oxide and carbon dots between the layers of graphene oxide. Fe3O4@GO@CD was applied as the magnetic solid phase sorbent for the simultaneous extraction and detection of parabens from water (tap and river water) and cosmetic samples (hair serum and sunscreen cream). MP was measured at concentration of 0.25-0.26 ng/mL in hair serum, while PP at 0.32-0.33 ng/mL in sunscreen cream. Notably, good recoveries (88.74-98.03%; RSD = 2.31-6.88%) for river and tap water with detection limit of 0.039-0.046 ng/mL were attained. The method has good cyclability up to 16 cycles and was highly repeatable. All these findings suggest that the Fe3O4@GO@CD would be potential sorbent for the analysis of parabens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Shikha Bhogal
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
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Vortex-assisted solid phase extraction on MIL-101(Cr) of parabens in waters and cosmetics by HPLC–DAD. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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4
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Effective extraction of parabens from toothpaste by vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on low viscosity deep eutectic solvent. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tekin Z, Karlıdağ NE, Özdoğan N, Koçoğlu ES, Bakırdere S. Dispersive solid phase extraction based on reduced graphene oxide modified Fe 3O 4 nanocomposite for trace determination of parabens in rock, soil, moss, seaweed, feces, and water samples from Horseshoe and Faure Islands. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127819. [PMID: 34838356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an efficient, green, sensitive and simple analytical protocol for trace determination of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butylparaben and benzyl paraben by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The analytes were preconcentrated using an ultrasonication supported (US) dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified iron nanoparticles (US-Fe3O4@rGO-DSPE). A reversed-phase C18 column and an isocratic elution program comprising of 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.50) and acetonitrile(58:42, v/v) were used to elute and separate the analytes for detection. The limits of detection determined for the analytes were very low and were in the range of 0.02 - 0.16 ng mL-1. The coefficients of determination obtained for the analytes ranged from 0.9973 to 0.9998, and this validated good linearity of the method.Percent relative standard deviations obtained in the range of 2.5 - 10.6% verified the method's high intraday repeatability. Accuracy of the proposed method was assessed with spiking experiments performed on complex sample matrices. Percent recoveries calculated for spiked soil, artificial seawater and seaweed samples were in acceptable ranges of 95 - 121%, 87 - 117% and 85 - 111%, respectively. These figures of merit suggest that HPLC-UV coupled with the US-Fe3O4@rGO-DSPEmethod is suitable for the determination of parabens in Antarctic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tekin
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nizamettin Özdoğan
- Bülent Ecevit University, Institute of Science, Environmental Engineer Department, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Elif Seda Koçoğlu
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, Çankaya, 06670 Ankara, Turkey.
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Khattak P, Khalil TF, Bibi S, Jabeen H, Muhammad N, Khan MA, Liaqat S. Juglans Regia (Walnut Tree) Bark in Dentistry. PAKISTAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 5. [DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia, commonly known as the Walnut tree, is a type of a deciduous tree. The tree has many important parts, the seed, bark, husk, leaves, oil, shell of the fruit and the kernel. The plant has been used in its crude form since ages. The kernel holds nutritional value. The leaves contain an essential oil which is extracted and used. The husk contains steroids and vitamins amongst other useful compounds. The leaves are used topically as antipyretic, analgesic, antidandruff and to heal burns. The bark is tough and has been used for mechanical tooth cleaning due to its tough fibrous texture. It contains Juglone as its main and most important constituent. Juglone works as an anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous agent. In dentistry it poses as an effective anti-plaque, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic and tooth whitening material. It was concluded that in recent years, scientists and researchers have shown increasing interest towards the in depth understanding of the chemicals and compounds of the bark and its utilization in dental products towards improving dental treatment.
The author would like to thank ORIC, Khyber Medical University for assistance in publication Reference No: KMU/ORIC/AR/005.
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Khattak P, Khalil TF, Bibi S, Jabeen H, Muhammad N, Khan MA, Liaqat S. Juglans Regia (Walnut Tree) Bark in Dentistry. PAKISTAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 5. [DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia, commonly known as the Walnut tree, is a type of a deciduous tree. The tree has many important parts, the seed, bark, husk, leaves, oil, shell of the fruit and the kernel. The plant has been used in its crude form since ages. The kernel holds nutritional value. The leaves contain an essential oil which is extracted and used. The husk contains steroids and vitamins amongst other useful compounds. The leaves are used topically as antipyretic, analgesic, antidandruff and to heal burns. The bark is tough and has been used for mechanical tooth cleaning due to its tough fibrous texture. It contains Juglone as its main and most important constituent. Juglone works as an anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous agent. In dentistry it poses as an effective anti-plaque, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic and tooth whitening material. It was concluded that in recent years, scientists and researchers have shown increasing interest towards the in depth understanding of the chemicals and compounds of the bark and its utilization in dental products towards improving dental treatment.
The author would like to thank ORIC, Khyber Medical University for assistance in publication Reference No: KMU/ORIC/AR/005.
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Azizi Nezami R, Saber Tehrani M, Faraji H, Waqif Husain S, Aberoomand Azar P. Strategies to improve the challenges of classic dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of the parabens in personal care products-One step closer to green analytical chemistry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1183:122973. [PMID: 34666891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gas flow-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent was used to determine parabens in personal care products such as mouthwash, lidocaine gel, aloe vera gel, and skin tonic. A homemade extraction device was innovated, in which by passing the stream of gas bubbles through the deep eutectic solvent a thin layer of the extraction phase is coated on the surface of the bubbles. The extraction is finally achieved when the bubbles are going up through the sample. The single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the independent variables. The linear range of the method was 0.5 to 1000 µg L-1, the coefficient of determination for the goal analytes was higher than 0.9989, the instrumental limit of detections were in the range 0.2-0.3 μg L-1, and the instrumental limit of quantifications were in the range 0.5-1.1 μg L-1, the relative standard deviations were <5.2% for repeatability and <11.2% for intermediate precision, and the enrichment factors were 66 to 87 obtained under the optimized conditions. A spiking approach by means of standard material was used to estimate accuracy. The relative recoveries were in the range 95.8-105.2%. By using mentioned strategies, the organic waste and energy consumption reduced, toxic reagents replaced with safer ones, and operator safety enhanced. Accordingly, these benefits have been simultaneously attained and, the proposed method was one step closer to automation and sustainable analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Azizi Nezami
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branche, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | | | - Hakim Faraji
- Department of Chemistry, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin 338177489, Iran.
| | - Syed Waqif Husain
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branche, Islamic Azad University, Iran
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9
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Sun W, Hu X, Meng X, Xiang Y, Ye N. Molybdenum disulfide-graphene oxide composites as dispersive solid-phase extraction adsorbents for the enrichment of four paraben preservatives in cosmetics. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:256. [PMID: 34268616 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide-graphene oxide composite (MoS2/GO) was synthesized and used as the adsorbent in dispersive solid-phase extraction. Four paraben preservatives, namely, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben, were enriched with MoS2/GO and determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Molybdenum disulfide was intercalated into graphene oxide layers to reduce self-aggregation by using the solvothermal method. The experimental results indicated that the as-prepared MoS2/GO composite exhibited great enrichment capability toward those four paraben preservatives, and the adsorption time was 10 min and the elution time was as short as 1 min. The mechanism of MoS2/GO composite and parabens is attributed to hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 9) of this method was below 7.6%. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range 0.4-2.3 ng/mL and 1.4-7.6 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries obtained from the parabens of cosmetic sample were in the range 91.3-124% with RSDs below 10%. The developed method has great potential for the determination of emerging contaminants with low cost and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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Alampanos V, Samanidou V. An overview of sample preparation approaches prior to liquid chromatography methods for the determination of parabens in biological matrices. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grover A, Mohiuddin I, Malik AK, Aulakh JS, Kukkar D, Kim KH. Chitosan-Ni/Fe layered double hydroxide composites as an efficient solid phase extraction sorbent for HPLC-PDA monitoring of parabens in personal care products. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128429. [PMID: 33011479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a dire need for development of efficient and sensitive methods to efficiently screen parabens. In this research, we focused on quantification of four parabens (i.e., methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butyl paraben (BP)) using chitosan intercalated nickel/iron layered double hydroxide (CS-Ni/Fe-LDH) composites as solid phase extraction sorbent prior to HPLC-PDA analysis. CS-Ni/Fe LDH composites with a heterogeneous, porous texture, and coral reef-like structure exhibit appealing extraction efficiency for the target parabens due to the enhanced possibility for the formation of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The performance of the composites was assessed and optimized for solid phase extraction of parabens from standard samples and real samples (rose water, cream, toothpaste, hair serum, and sunscreen). The LDH-SPE-HPLC method exhibited a wide linear range (e.g., 100-50,000 ng L-1), good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999), and good precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3%). This method successfully enriched selected parabens with remarkable recovery above 85.95% and a good RSD (0.01-2.90%). The quantitation of MP, EP, PP, and BP was made at detection range (and limits of detection (LOD)) of 5-15 (9.8), 11-21 (16.2), 6-18 (12.4), and 10-20 (15.6) ng L-1, respectively. The prepared composites also displayed excellent performance with enhanced reusability/durability (n = 30 cycles) and reproducibility (n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Irshad Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Khesina ZB, Iartsev SD, Revelsky AI, Buryak AK. Microextraction by packed sorbent optimized by statistical design of experiment as an approach to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of HPLC-UV determination of parabens in cosmetics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113843. [PMID: 33358620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the quantitative analysis of parabens (PBs) in cosmetics, based on microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) followed by HPLC-UV detection is proposed. The development of optimal conditions for the sample preparation step was carried out in two stages. The potentially important factors that could influence the extraction were screened using the Plackett-Burman design approach, as a result of which, three statistically significant factors were selected from the nine studied. Thereafter, the selected variables were optimized by response surface methodology using a Central Composite Design. Under optimal conditions, the linear ranges for PBs analysis in cosmetic samples were 0.05-4 μg/mL with excellent precision. Limits of detection (LOD) of PBs in cosmetic samples were 2-5 ng/mL, and the extraction recovery ranged from 89 to 105 %. By comparing the chromatograms of the diluted shampoo sample before and after MEPS, the benefits of developed approach were shown. Then it was applied to the analysis of PBs in commercial hair cosmetic products: parabens were determined in all samples in which they were indicated on the package and in 1 of 12 samples labeled "paraben-free". Finally, the proposed method was compared with other analytical HPLC-UV methods with various sample pretreatment techniques for PBs analysis in cosmetics described in recent articles. Its sensitivity turned out to be one of the highest, while it is express, automated, meets the principles of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya B Khesina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 31-4, GSP-1, 119071, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Stepan D Iartsev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 31-4, GSP-1, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Revelsky
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey K Buryak
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 31-4, GSP-1, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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Simultaneous Determination of Isothiazolinones and Parabens in Cosmetic Products Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detector. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110412. [PMID: 33266462 PMCID: PMC7700590 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiazolinones methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), and parabens methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) are the most common synthetic preservatives. They are all known to be potential skin allergens that lead to contact dermatitis. Thus, the identification of these unsafe chemicals in cosmetic products is of high importance. In the present study, solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on HyperSep reversed-phase C8/benzene sulfonic acid ion exchanger (HyperSep C8/BSAIE) and Sep-Pak C18 sorbents, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (UHPLC/DAD) were optimized for the simultaneous determination of MI, MCI, MP, EP, PP and BP in cosmetic products. HyperSep C8/BSAIE and UHPLC/DAD with the eluting solvent mixture (acetonitrile/methanol, 2:1, v/v) and detection wavelength (255 nm) were found to be the optimal conditions, respectively. The method illustrates the excellent linearity range (0.008–20 μg/mL) with coefficient of determination (R2, 0.997–0.999), limits of detection (LOD, 0.001–0.002 μg/mL), precision in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD < 3%, intra-day and <6%, inter-day) when examining a standard mixture at low (0.07 µg/mL), medium (3 µg/mL) and high (15 µg/mL) concentrations. A total of 31 cosmetic samples were studied, achieving concentrations (MI, not detected (nd)-0.89 µg/g), (MCI, nd-0.62 µg/g), (MP, nd-6.53 µg/g), (EP, nd-0.90 µg/g), (PP, nd-9.69 µg/g) and (BP, nd-17.80 µg/g). Recovery values ranged from 92.33 to 101.43% depending on the types of sample. To our knowledge, this is the first specific method which covers the theme and describes background amounts of such preservatives in cosmetics.
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Özcan S, Levent S, Can NÖ, Kozanli M. A Novel HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Methyl, Ethyl, n-propyl, Isopropyl, n-butyl, Isobutyl and Benzyl Paraben in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:352-365. [PMID: 32723231 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200728121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid at the C-4 position, "the parabens," including methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Official regulations on the use of these compounds make their analysis essential for the estimation of their exposure. METHODS On this basis, the presented study was realized to develop a simple, selective and cheap high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of methylparaben, ethylparaben (EP), n-propyl paraben (NPP), isopropyl paraben (IPP), n-butyl paraben (NBP), isobutyl paraben (IBP) and benzyl paraben (BP) in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products. RESULTS The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved under flow rate gradient elution conditions using a C18-bonded core-shell silica particle column (2.6 μm particle size, 150 × 3.0 mm from Phenomenex Co.). The samples were injected into the system as aliquots of 1.0 μL, and the compounds were detected by using a photodiode array detector set at 254 nm wavelength. With this technique, seven paraben derivatives can be determined in the concentration range of 250-2000 ng/mL. The recovery of the method is in the range of 99.95-13.84%, and the RSD is at a maximum value of 3.95%. CONCLUSION The proposed method was fully validated and successfully applied to different pharmaceutical and cosmetic samples (n=16), including syrups, suspensions, oral sprays, gels, etc. At least one paraben derivative was detected in six samples and was determined quantitatively. The maximum amount of a paraben derivative found in the analyzed samples was 321.7 ng/mL, which was MP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LC method, which is applicable both on pharmaceutical and cosmetic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniye Özcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nafiz Öncü Can
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Kozanli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Kaur R, Heena, Kaur R, Grover A, Rani S, Malik AK, Kabir A, Furton KG. Trace determination of parabens in cosmetics and personal care products using fabric‐phase sorptive extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2626-2635. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of ChemistryPunjabi University Patiala Punjab India
| | - Heena
- Department of ChemistryPunjabi University Patiala Punjab India
- Department of ChemistryGSSDGS Khalsa College Patiala Punjab India
| | - Ripneel Kaur
- Department of ChemistryPunjabi University Patiala Punjab India
| | - Aman Grover
- Department of ChemistryPunjabi University Patiala Punjab India
| | - Susheela Rani
- Department of ChemistryPunjabi University Patiala Punjab India
| | | | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryInternational Forensic Research InstituteFlorida International University Miami FL
| | - Kenneth G. Furton
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryInternational Forensic Research InstituteFlorida International University Miami FL
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16
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Martins I, Lambert M, Pereira AFS, de Faria HD, de Lima EC, Pereira GR. Serum analysis in women and in vitro skin assay for the assessment of exposure to parabens in antiperspirants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4219-4226. [PMID: 31828701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the exposure to methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) from antiperspirants in serum of 24 women aged 20-30 years old and an in vitro skin assay. An effective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of MP and PP levels in serum was developed and validated in the range of 10-100 μg/L; the method was fast, simple, sensitive, linear, precise, and accurate. In addition, a simple and rapid liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method for the determination of MP and PP levels in antiperspirants was developed and validated in the range of 2-26 mg/L, which presented satisfactory linearity, precision, and accuracy. Using these two methods, 20 commercial antiperspirants were evaluated, and only three showed MP and PP in the formulation. The antiperspirant containing 0.2% and 0.1% w/w MP and PP, respectively, was given to the volunteers, to estimate the internal dose, and submitted to a pig ear skin permeation assay in Franz diffusion cells, presenting a permeation flux of 32% for MP and 71% for PP. In this assay, both MP and PP permeated the skin; however, there was no correlation between antiperspirant use and paraben serum concentration in the volunteers. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drug Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro Street, 700, Alfenas, 37130-000, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Lambert
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drug Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro Street, 700, Alfenas, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Souza Pereira
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drug Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro Street, 700, Alfenas, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dipe de Faria
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drug Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro Street, 700, Alfenas, 37130-000, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Ribeiro Pereira
- Laboratory of Liberation Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
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Žnideršič L, Mlakar A, Prosen H. Development of a SPME-GC-MS/MS method for the determination of some contaminants from food contact material in beverages. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110829. [PMID: 31542431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development and validation of a simple, low-cost, and sensitive method for the determination of nine compounds expected in beverages and vinegar as a result of migration from food contact material (parabens, phenolic antioxidants, sulfonamide plasticizer, and flame retardant) is presented. The analytes were preconcentrated using solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. The method required no derivatization procedure and an affordable chemical was used as internal standard. The LODs were in the range of 0.005-0.2 μg/L, the relative standard deviations 0.8-5.4%, and the mean recoveries 98-109%. Different alcoholic beverages and vinegars were analyzed. A crown cap migration study using several food simulants was conducted for 6 months. Moreover, migration from a home brewing plastic fermenter in a time span of 4 weeks was studied. Analyte concentrations up to 2220.99 μg/L were detected in real samples and up to 4.75 μg/L in migration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Žnideršič
- Krka, d.d., Novo Mesto, Šmarješka Cesta 6, 8501, Novo Mesto, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Mlakar
- Krka, d.d., Novo Mesto, Šmarješka Cesta 6, 8501, Novo Mesto, Slovenia
| | - Helena Prosen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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18
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Novel MIPs-Parabens based SPE Stationary Phases Characterization and Application. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183334. [PMID: 31540217 PMCID: PMC6767171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel parabens imprinted polymers as highly selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents have been reported. The imprinted polymers were created using sol–gel molecular imprinting process. All the seven parabens were considered herein in order to check the phase selectivity. By means of a validated HPLC-photodiode array detector (PDA) method all seven parabens were resolved in a single chromatographic run of 25 min. These SPE sorbents, in-house packed in SPE empty cartridges, were first characterized in terms of extraction capability, breakthrough volume, retention volume, hold-up volume, number of theoretical plates, and retention factor. Finally, the device was applied to a real urine sample to check the method feasibility on a very complex matrix. The new paraben imprinted SPE sorbents, not yet present in the literature, potentially encourage the development of novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to enhance the extraction efficiency, and consequently the overall analytical performances, when the trace quantification is required.
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19
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Tartaglia A, Kabir A, Ulusoy S, Sperandio E, Piccolantonio S, Ulusoy HI, Furton KG, Locatelli M. FPSE-HPLC-PDA analysis of seven paraben residues in human whole blood, plasma, and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Prapainop K, Mekseriwattana W, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O, Songsrirote K. Successive detection of benzoic acid and total parabens in foodstuffs using mercaptosuccinic acid capped cadmium telluride quantum dots. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Shaaban H, Mostafa A, Alhajri W, Almubarak L, AlKhalifah K. Development and validation of an eco-friendly SPE-HPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of selected parabens and bisphenol A in personal care products: Evaluation of the greenness profile of the developed method. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1499527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Phamacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Phamacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Alhajri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Phamacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Almubarak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Phamacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah AlKhalifah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Phamacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Magnetic carbon nanotube composite for the preconcentration of parabens from water and urine samples using dispersive solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1564:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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A Green and Rapid Analytical Method for the Determination of Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Butanone in Cosmetic Products by Liquid Chromatography. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of hydroxyethoxyphenyl butanone, which is used as an alternative preservative in cosmetic products, has been developed and validated for the first time. The method is based on a simple ultrasound-assisted lixiviation of the analyte from the cosmetic matrix followed by liquid chromatography with UV spectrophotometric detection. Under optimized conditions, the method limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 30 and 90 µg·g−1, respectively. The method was validated with good recovery values (86–103%) and precision values (RSD 0.2–4.7%). Finally, the proposed analytical method was successfully applied to 7 commercially available cosmetic samples including both lipophilic and hydrophilic matrices, such as moisturizing cream, sunscreen, shampoo, liquid hand soap, and make-up. Additionally, a laboratory-made cosmetic cream containing the target analyte was prepared and analyzed. The good analytical figures of merit of the proposed method, in addition to its environmentally-friendly characteristics, demonstrate its usefulness to perform the quality control of cosmetic products to ensure the safety of consumers.
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24
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Wu P, Li N, Gu Y, Guo Y, Lou H, He H. A turn-on FRET sensor based on dichlorofluorescein and AuNPs for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of ambroxol hydrochloride in urine. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj04003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic illustration for the detection of ambroxol based on FRET between the AuNPs and DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinping Wu
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Nan Li
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yu Gu
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yuhan Guo
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Haoshuang Lou
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Hua He
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials
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25
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Feng J, He X, Liu X, Sun X, Li Y. Preparation of magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica composites with phenyl-functionalized pore-walls as the restricted access matrix solid phase extraction adsorbent for the rapid extraction of parabens from water-based skin toners. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1465:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Tahan GP, Santos NDKS, Albuquerque AC, Martins I. Determination of parabens in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Correlation with lipstick use. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Quantitative analysis of methyl and propyl parabens in neonatal DBS using LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1173-82. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Excipients are used to overcome the chemical, physical and microbiological challenges posed by developing formulated medicines. Both methyl and propyl paraben are commonly used in pediatric liquid formulations. There is no data on systemic exposure to parabens in neonates. The European Study of Neonatal Exposure to Excipients project has investigated this. Results & methodology: DBS sampling was used to collect opportunistic blood samples. Parabens were extracted from the DBS and analyzed using a validated LC–MS/MS assay. Discussion & conclusion: The above assay was applied to analyze neonatal DBS samples. The blood concentrations of parabens in neonates confirm systemic exposure to parabens following administration of routine medicines.
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28
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Ma T, Li Z, Jia Q, Zhou W. Ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic liquid emulsification microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis for the determination of parabens in personal care products. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1624-31. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
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29
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Lores M, Llompart M, Alvarez-Rivera G, Guerra E, Vila M, Celeiro M, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C. Positive lists of cosmetic ingredients: Analytical methodology for regulatory and safety controls - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 915:1-26. [PMID: 26995636 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic products placed on the market and their ingredients, must be safe under reasonable conditions of use, in accordance to the current legislation. Therefore, regulated and allowed chemical substances must meet the regulatory criteria to be used as ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, and adequate analytical methodology is needed to evaluate the degree of compliance. This article reviews the most recent methods (2005-2015) used for the extraction and the analytical determination of the ingredients included in the positive lists of the European Regulation of Cosmetic Products (EC 1223/2009): comprising colorants, preservatives and UV filters. It summarizes the analytical properties of the most relevant analytical methods along with the possibilities of fulfilment of the current regulatory issues. The cosmetic legislation is frequently being updated; consequently, the analytical methodology must be constantly revised and improved to meet safety requirements. The article highlights the most important advances in analytical methodology for cosmetics control, both in relation to the sample pretreatment and extraction and the different instrumental approaches developed to solve this challenge. Cosmetics are complex samples, and most of them require a sample pretreatment before analysis. In the last times, the research conducted covering this aspect, tended to the use of green extraction and microextraction techniques. Analytical methods were generally based on liquid chromatography with UV detection, and gas and liquid chromatographic techniques hyphenated with single or tandem mass spectrometry; but some interesting proposals based on electrophoresis have also been reported, together with some electroanalytical approaches. Regarding the number of ingredients considered for analytical control, single analyte methods have been proposed, although the most useful ones in the real life cosmetic analysis are the multianalyte approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lores
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain.
| | - Maria Llompart
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Eugenia Guerra
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Marlene Vila
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Maria Celeiro
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - J Pablo Lamas
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA), Departamento de Química Analitica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Quimica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA. Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
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30
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Alshana U, Ertaş N, Göğer NG. Determination of parabens in human milk and other food samples by capillary electrophoresis after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with back-extraction. Food Chem 2015; 181:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Esteki M, Nouroozi S, Shahsavari Z. A fast and direct spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of methyl paraben and hydroquinone in cosmetic products using successive projections algorithm. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:25-34. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Esteki
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zanjan; Zanjan 45195-313 Iran
| | - S. Nouroozi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zanjan; Zanjan 45195-313 Iran
| | - Z. Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zanjan; Zanjan 45195-313 Iran
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32
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Kondylis P, Barbatsi M, Economou A. Automated Flow Injection Chromatography for the Rapid Assay of Parabens in Hygiene Wipes. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1017763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Rodas M, Portugal LA, Avivar J, Estela JM, Cerdà V. Parabens determination in cosmetic and personal care products exploiting a multi-syringe chromatographic (MSC) system and chemiluminescent detection. Talanta 2015; 143:254-262. [PMID: 26078157 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in dairy products, such as in cosmetics and personal care products. Thus, in this work a multi-syringe chromatographic (MSC) system is proposed for the first time for the determination of four parabens: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) in cosmetics and personal care products, as a simpler, practical, and low cost alternative to HPLC methods. Separation was achieved using a 5mm-long precolumn of reversed phase C18 and multi-isocratic separation, i.e. using two consecutive mobile phases, 12:88 acetonitrile:water and 28:72 acetonitrile:water. The use of a multi-syringe buret allowed the easy implementation of chemiluminescent (CL) detection after separation. The chemiluminescent detection is based on the reduction of Ce(IV) by p-hydroxybenzoic acid, product of the acid hydrolysis of parabens, to excite rhodamine 6G (Rho 6G) and measure the resulting light emission. Multivariate designs combined with the concepts of multiple response treatments and desirability functions have been employed to simultaneously optimize and evaluate the responses. The optimized method has proved to be sensitive and precise, obtaining limits of detection between 20 and 40 µg L(-1) and RSD <4.9% in all cases. The method was satisfactorily applied to cosmetics and personal care products, obtaining no significant differences at a confidence level of 95% comparing with the HPLC reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Rodas
- Group of Analytical Chemistry, Automation and Environment, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lindomar A Portugal
- Group of Analytical Chemistry, Automation and Environment, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jessica Avivar
- Sciware Systems, S.L. Spin-off from the University of the Balearic Islands, E-07193 Bunyola, Spain
| | - José Manuel Estela
- Group of Analytical Chemistry, Automation and Environment, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Group of Analytical Chemistry, Automation and Environment, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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34
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Vela-Soria F, Ballesteros O, Ramis-Ramos G, Herrero-Martínez JM. Sensitive determination of parabens in human urine and serum using methacrylate monoliths and reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1379:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Simultaneous derivatization and microextraction of parabens in different matrices followed by GC-FID. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-014-0566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Piao C, Chen L, Wang Y. A review of the extraction and chromatographic determination methods for the analysis of parabens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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38
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Park YD, Jang JH, Park JE, Kim JH, Kim EC, Song YJ, Kwon HJ. Analysis of parabens in dentifrices and the oral cavity. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1692-700. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Duk Park
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University; Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Jang
- Department of Dental Hygiene; Hanseo University; 360 Daegok-Ri, Haemi-Myun, Seosan-Si Chungnam 356-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University; Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University; Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Hoegi-dong, Dongdamun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Hallym Hospital; Hallym University; 896 phyngchondong donganguanyangsi kyunggido South Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University; Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Ye N, Shi P, Li J, Wang Q. Application of Graphene as Solid Phase Extraction Absorbent for the Determination of Parabens in Cosmetic Products by Capillary Electrophoresis. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.784916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Youngvises N, Chaida T, Khonyoung S, Kuppithayanant N, Tiyapongpattana W, Itharat A, Jakmunee J. Greener liquid chromatography using a guard column with micellar mobile phase for separation of some pharmaceuticals and determination ofparabens. Talanta 2013; 106:350-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huang JQ, Hu CC, Chiu TC. Determination of seven preservatives in cosmetic products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:346-53. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Huang
- Department of Applied Science; National Taitung University; Taitung Taiwan
| | - Cho-Chun Hu
- Department of Applied Science; National Taitung University; Taitung Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science; National Taitung University; Taitung Taiwan
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Isocratic liquid chromatographic determination of three paraben preservatives in hygiene wipes using a reversed phase core-shell narrow-bore column. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe first HPLC method for the separation of three paraben preservatives (methyl-, ethyl- and propyl parabens) using a core-shell analytical column is reported in this study. The separation was completed in less than 8 min at a low flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1 and an isocratic mobile phase containing 20% acetonitrile as organic modifier. The backpressure was HPLC equipment. The proposed analytical procedure was validated for linearity (0.5–20 µg L−1), limits of detection (15–43 µg L−1) and quantification (50–142 µg L−1), selectivity, within day (1.3–1.5%) and day-to-day (3.4–4.6%) precision and accuracy. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of the selected paraben preservatives in commercially available hygiene wipes. The mean percent recoveries were found to be in the range of 98.0–98.4%.
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Lv J, Wang L, Hu X, Tai Z, Yang Y. Rapid Determination of 10 Parabens in Spices by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.680089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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He J, Chen S, Jiang Y, Shen Y, Zhu J, Wei H, Zhang H, Lu K. Preparation and selective recognition of a novel solid-phase microextraction fiber combined with molecularly imprinted polymers for the extraction of parabens in soy sample. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:308-14. [PMID: 22162512 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A prepared molecularly imprinted polymer with ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate as template molecule was applied for the first time to a homemade solid-phase microextraction fiber. The molecularly imprinted polymer-coated solid-phase microextraction fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Various parameters were investigated, including extraction temperature, extraction time, and desorption time. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the molecularly imprinted polymer-coated solid-phase microextraction fiber exhibited higher selectivity with greater extraction capacity toward parabens compared with the nonimprinted polymer-coated solid-phase microextraction fiber and commercial fibers. The molecularly imprinted polymer-coated solid-phase microextraction fiber was tested using gas chromatography to determine parabens, including methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and propyl p-hydroxybenzoate. The linear ranges were 0.01-10 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient above 0.9943. The detection limits (under signal-to-noise ratio of 3) were below 0.30 μg/L. The fiber was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of three parabens in spiked soy samples with satisfactory recoveries of 95.48, 97.86, and 92.17%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n=6) were within 2.83-3.91%. The proposed molecularly imprinted polymer-coated solid-phase microextraction method is suitable for selective extraction and determination of trace parabens in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
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Jiménez-Díaz I, Vela-Soria F, Zafra-Gómez A, Navalón A, Ballesteros O, Navea N, Fernández MF, Olea N, Vílchez JL. A new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of parabens in human placental tissue samples. Talanta 2011; 84:702-9. [PMID: 21482271 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are a group of organic compounds widely used, which are ubiquitous in the environment and in biological samples. The main effect of these compounds is associated with their ability to mimic or block the action of natural hormones in living organisms, including humans. Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) belong to this group of compounds. In this work, we propose a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to asses the presence of parabens most commonly used in industrial applications (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butyl-paraben) in samples of human placental tissue. The method involves the extraction of the analytes from the samples using ethyl acetate, followed by a clean-up step using centrifugation prior to their quantification by LC-MS/MS using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface in the negative mode. Deuterated bisphenol A (BPA-d(16)) was used as surrogate. Found detection limits (LOD) ranged from 0.03 to 0.06 ng g(-1) and quantification limits (LOQ) from 0.1 to 0.2 ng g(-1), while inter- and intra-day variability was under 13.8%. The method was validated using standard addition calibration and a spike recovery assay. Recovery rates for spiked samples ranged from 82% to 108%. This method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of parabens in 50 placental tissue samples collected from women who live in the province of Granada (Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jiménez-Díaz
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Haunschmidt M, Buchberger W, Klampfl CW, Hertsens R. Identification and semi-quantitative analysis of parabens and UV filters in cosmetic products by direct-analysis-in-real-time mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:99-104. [PMID: 32938117 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A method based on direct-analysis-in-real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for the qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of eight organic UV filters and four parabens in twelve cosmetic products with substantially different formulations (as cream, milk, lotion, oil, lipstick) was developed. All tested substances could be identified unambiguously in the investigated samples without any sample pre-treatment. Direct analysis of cosmetic products allows semi-quantitative determination of parabens. For UV filters no satisfactory results were obtained by direct analysis but all analytes could be quantified by simply dissolving the samples in methanol, addition of an internal standard and subsequent measurement of the solution by DART-MS without further pre-treatment. The results obtained using DART-MS were confirmed by a more established method namely gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Haunschmidt
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Buchberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria.
| | - Christian W Klampfl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria.
| | - Robert Hertsens
- JEOL (Europe) BV, Leuvensesteenweg 542, B-1930, Zaventem, Belgium
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GC-MS determination of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan in water by in situ derivatisation and stir-bar sorptive extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:945-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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