1
|
Ali H, Muthudoss P, Ramalingam M, Kanakaraj L, Paudel A, Ramasamy G. Machine Learning-Enabled NIR Spectroscopy. Part 2: Workflow for Selecting a Subset of Samples from Publicly Accessible Data. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:34. [PMID: 36627410 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasingly large dataset of pharmaceutics disciplines is frequently challenging to comprehend. Since machine learning needs high-quality data sets, the open-source dataset can be a place to start. This work presents a systematic method to choose representative subsamples from the existing research, along with an extensive set of quality measures and a visualization strategy. The preceding article (Muthudoss et al.. in AAPS PharmSciTech 23, 2022) describes a workflow for leveraging near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to obtain reliable and robust data on pharmaceutical samples. This study describes the systematic and structured procedure for selecting subsamples from the historical data. We offer a wide range of in-depth quality measures, diagnostic tools, and visualization techniques. A real-world, well-researched NIR dataset was employed to demonstrate this approach. This open-source tablet dataset ( http://www.models.life.ku.dk/Tablets ) consists of different doses in milligrams, different shapes, and sizes of dosage forms, slots in tablets, three different manufacturing scales (lab, pilot, production), coating differences (coated vs uncoated), etc. This sample is appropriate; that is, the model was developed on one scale (in this research, the lab scale), and it can be great to investigate how well the top models are transferable when tested on new data like pilot-scale or production (full) scale. A literature review indicated that the PLS regression models outperform artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP). This work demonstrates the selection of appropriate hyperparameters and their impact on ANN-MLP model performance. The hyperparameter tuning approaches and performance with available references are discussed for the data under investigation. Model extension from lab-scale to pilot-scale/production scale is demonstrated. HIGHLIGHTS: • We present a comprehensive quality metrics and visualization strategy in selecting subsamples from the existing studies • A comprehensive assessment and workflow are demonstrated using historical real-world near-infrared (NIR) data sets • Selection of appropriate hyperparameters and their impact on artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP) model performance • The choice of hyperparameter tuning approaches and performance with available references are discussed for the data under investigation • Model extension from lab-scale to pilot-scale successfully demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Ali
- Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Muthudoss
- A2Z4.0 Research and Analytics Private Limited, Chennai, 600062, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manikandan Ramalingam
- Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, 603103, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Kanakaraj
- Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, 603103, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/3, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Gobi Ramasamy
- Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muthudoss P, Tewari I, Chi RLR, Young KJ, Ann EYC, Hui DNS, Khai OY, Allada R, Rao M, Shahane S, Das S, Babla I, Mhetre S, Paudel A. Machine Learning-Enabled NIR Spectroscopy in Assessing Powder Blend Uniformity: Clear-Up Disparities and Biases Induced by Physical Artefacts. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:277. [PMID: 36229571 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NIR spectroscopy is a non-destructive characterization tool for the blend uniformity (BU) assessment. However, NIR spectra of powder blends often contain overlapping physical and chemical information of the samples. Deconvoluting the information related to chemical properties from that associated with the physical effects is one of the major objectives of this work. We achieve this aim in two ways. Firstly, we identified various sources of variability that might affect the BU results. Secondly, we leverage the machine learning-based sophisticated data analytics processes. To accomplish the aforementioned objectives, calibration samples of amlodipine as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with the concentrations ranging between 67 and 133% w/w (dose ~ 3.6% w/w), in powder blends containing excipients, were prepared using a gravimetric approach and assessed using NIR spectroscopic analysis, followed by HPLC measurements. The bias in NIR results was investigated by employing data quality metrics (DQM) and bias-variance decomposition (BVD). To overcome the bias, the clustered regression (non-parametric and linear) was applied. We assessed the model's performance by employing the hold-out and k-fold internal cross-validation (CV). NIR-based blend homogeneity with low mean absolute error and an interval estimates of 0.674 (mean) ± 0.218 (standard deviation) w/w was established. Additionally, bootstrapping-based CV was leveraged as part of the NIR method lifecycle management that demonstrated the mean absolute error (MAE) of BU ± 3.5% w/w and BU ± 1.5% w/w for model generalizability and model transferability, respectively. A workflow integrating machine learning to NIR spectral analysis was established and implemented. Impact of various data learning approaches on NIR spectral data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Muthudoss
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,A2Z4.0 Research and Analytics Private Limited, Old No:810, New No:62, CTH Road, Behind Lenskart, Thirumullaivoil, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ishan Tewari
- The Machine Learning Company, Beed, Maharashtra, India.,Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rayce Lim Rui Chi
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kwok Jia Young
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eddy Yii Chung Ann
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Doreen Ng Sean Hui
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ooi Yee Khai
- Perkin Elmer Sdn Bhd, L2, 2-01, Wisma Academy, Jalan 19/1, Seksyen 19, 46300, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ravikiran Allada
- Novugen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Manohar Rao
- PerkinElmer (India) Private Limited, Vayudooth Chambers, 12th floor, Trinity Circle, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560001, India
| | | | - Samir Das
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Babla
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sandeep Mhetre
- Oncogen Pharma (Malaysia), Sdn Bhd, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Hicom-glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/3, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wilson K, Briens L. Investigation of passive acoustic emissions during powder mixing in a V-blender. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
4
|
Wu S, Cui T, Zhang Z, Li Z, Yang M, Zang Z, Li W. Real-time monitoring of the column chromatographic process of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex part II: multivariate statistical process control based on near-infrared spectroscopy. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01781d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate statistical process control has been successfully used for the real-time monitoring of the column chromatographic process of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tongcan Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Zang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi G, Lin L, Liu Y, Chen G, Luo Y, Wu Y, Li H. Pharmaceutical application of multivariate modelling techniques: a review on the manufacturing of tablets. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8323-8345. [PMID: 35423324 PMCID: PMC8695199 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tablet manufacturing process is a complex system, especially in continuous manufacturing (CM). It includes multiple unit operations, such as mixing, granulation, and tableting. In tablet manufacturing, critical quality attributes are influenced by multiple factorial relationships between material properties, process variables, and interactions. Moreover, the variation in raw material attributes and manufacturing processes is an inherent characteristic and seriously affects the quality of pharmaceutical products. To deepen our understanding of the tablet manufacturing process, multivariable modeling techniques can replace univariate analysis to investigate tablet manufacturing. In this review, the roles of the most prominent multivariate modeling techniques in the tablet manufacturing process are discussed. The review mainly focuses on applying multivariate modeling techniques to process understanding, optimization, process monitoring, and process control within multiple unit operations. To minimize the errors in the process of modeling, good modeling practice (GMoP) was introduced into the pharmaceutical process. Furthermore, current progress in the continuous manufacturing of tablets and the role of multivariate modeling techniques in continuous manufacturing are introduced. In this review, information is provided to both researchers and manufacturers to improve tablet quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Gongsen Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yanqiu Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pedersen T, Rantanen J, Naelapää K, Skibsted E. Near infrared analysis of pharmaceutical powders with empirical target distribution optimization (ETDO). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 181:113059. [PMID: 31978645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a well-established method for analysis of pharmaceutical products, and especially useful for process monitoring and control of continuous production due to high sample throughput. In this work, a previously established method called empirical target distribution optimization (ETDO) wherein reference sample values using information from model prediction of the calibration data was used as a tool to improve the performance of NIR partial least squares (PLS) models. Model performance was assessed using root mean square error (R2), bias and accuracy in prediction of test samples. A target value selection threshold was tested to assess the ETDO procedure for NIR analysis of powder samples. The amount of specific variation captured by the model was examined and compared for models calibrated with and without ETDO. The results reported in this work suggests that PLS models optimized with ETDO of reference values can provide more specific PLS models for NIR analysis for complex powder mixtures. In addition, the model optimization method could also be applied as a tool to verify the necessary amount of PLS components to produce robust models. The ETDO method presented in this work is an approach that could be applied in the development of continuous blending or tableting processes where robust in-line quantitative analysis of powder samples is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troels Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Oral Analytical Development, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaisa Naelapää
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Oral Formulation Research, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Erik Skibsted
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Oral Analytical Development, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bowler AL, Bakalis S, Watson NJ. A review of in-line and on-line measurement techniques to monitor industrial mixing processes. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Razuc M, Grafia A, Gallo L, Ramírez-Rigo MV, Romañach RJ. Near-infrared spectroscopic applications in pharmaceutical particle technology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1565-1589. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1641510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Razuc
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A. Grafia
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - L. Gallo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M. V. Ramírez-Rigo
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - R. J. Romañach
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Structured Organic Particulate Systems, University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Analytical strategies based on near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration for rapid quantification of florfenicol at low-concentrations in medicated-feed pellets. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Crouter A, Briens L. Methods to Assess Mixing of Pharmaceutical Powders. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:84. [PMID: 30673887 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical manufacturing process consists of several steps, each of which must be monitored and controlled to ensure quality standards are met. The level of blending has an impact on the final product quality; therefore, it is important to be able to monitor blending progress and identify an end-point. Currently, the pharmaceutical industry assesses blend content and uniformity through the extraction of samples using thief probes followed by analytical methods, such as spectroscopy, to determine the sample composition. The development of process analytical technologies (PAT) can improve product monitoring with the aim of increasing efficiency, product quality and consistency, and creating a better understanding of the manufacturing process. Ideally, these are inline methods to remove issues related to extractive sampling and allow direct monitoring of the system using various sensors. Many technologies have been investigated, including spectroscopic techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy, velocimetric techniques that may use tracers, tomographic techniques, and acoustic emissions monitoring. While some techniques have demonstrated potential, many have significant disadvantages including the need for equipment modification, specific requirements of the material, expensive equipment, extensive analysis, the location of the probes may be critical and/or invasive, and lastly, the technique may only be applicable to the development phase. Both the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies should be considered in application to a specific system.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hilden J, Sullivan M, Polizzi M, Wade J, Greer J, Keeney M. Power consumption during oscillatory mixing of pharmaceutical powders. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Hetrick EM, Shi Z, Barnes LE, Garrett AW, Rupard RG, Kramer TT, Cooper TM, Myers DP, Castle BC. Development of Near Infrared Spectroscopy-based Process Monitoring Methodology for Pharmaceutical Continuous Manufacturing Using an Offline Calibration Approach. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9175-9183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Hetrick
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Zhenqi Shi
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lukas E. Barnes
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Aaron W. Garrett
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Robert G. Rupard
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Tony M. Cooper
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David P. Myers
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Bryan C. Castle
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Naidu VR, Deshpande RS, Syed MR, Deoghare P, Singh D, Wakte PS. PAT-Based Control of Fluid Bed Coating Process Using NIR Spectroscopy to Monitor the Cellulose Coating on Pharmaceutical Pellets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2045-2054. [PMID: 27995464 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current endeavor was aimed towards monitoring percent weight build-up during functional coating process on drug-layered pellets. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an emerging process analytical technology (PAT) tool which was employed here within quality by design (QbD) framework. Samples were withdrawn after spraying every 15-Kg cellulosic coating material during Wurster coating process of drug-loaded pellets. NIR spectra of these samples were acquired using cup spinner assembly of Thermoscientific Antaris II, followed by multivariate analysis using partial least squares (PLS) calibration model. PLS model was built by selecting various absorption regions of NIR spectra for Ethyl cellulose, drug and correlating the absorption values with actual percent weight build up determined by HPLC. The spectral regions of 8971.04 to 8250.77 cm-1, 7515.24 to 7108.33 cm-1, and 5257.00 to 5098.87 cm-1 were found to be specific to cellulose, where as the spectral region of 6004.45 to 5844.14 cm-1was found to be specific to drug. The final model gave superb correlation co-efficient value of 0.9994 for calibration and 0.9984 for validation with low root mean square of error (RMSE) values of 0.147 for calibration and 0.371 for validation using 6 factors. The developed correlation between the NIR spectra and cellulose content is useful in precise at-line prediction of functional coat value and can be used for monitoring the Wurster coating process.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Z, Zhao L, Lin X, Shen L, Feng Y. Direct compaction: An update of materials, trouble-shooting, and application. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:543-556. [PMID: 28720538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Direct compaction (DC) is the preferred choice for tablet manufacturing; however, only less than 20% of active pharmaceutical ingredients could be compacted via DC as its high requirement for functional properties of materials. Materials with improper functionalities could lead to serious troubles during DC manufacturing, such as content non-uniformity, sticking, and capping, all of which profoundly affect the properties of final products and, thus, severely restrict the practical application of DC. With undoubted importance, these seem to be unexpectedly ignored by reviewers but not researchers in terms of many original research articles published recently. Therefore, as an informative supplement and update, this review mainly focused on trouble-shooting and application situation of DC, together with several newly reported materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - LiJie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alam MA, Shi Z, Drennen JK, Anderson CA. In-line monitoring and optimization of powder flow in a simulated continuous process using transmission near infrared spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
Naidu VR, Deshpande RS, Syed MR, Wakte PS. Real-time imaging as an emerging process analytical technology tool for monitoring of fluid bed coating process. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:596-601. [PMID: 28121263 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1287730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A direct imaging system (EyeconTM) was used as a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool to monitor fluid bed coating process. EyeconTM generated real-time onscreen images, particle size and shape information of two identically manufactured laboratory-scale batches. EyeconTM has accuracy of measuring the particle size increase of ±1 μm on particles in the size range of 50-3000 μm. EyeconTM captured data every 2 s during the entire process. The moving average of D90 particle size values recorded by EyeconTM were calculated for every 30 min to calculate the radial coating thickness of coated particles. After the completion of coating process, the radial coating thickness was found to be 11.3 and 9.11 μm, with a standard deviation of ±0.68 and 1.8 μm for Batch 1 and Batch 2, respectively. The coating thickness was also correlated with percent weight build-up by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and dissolution. GPC indicated weight build-up of 10.6% and 9.27% for Batch 1 and Batch 2, respectively. In conclusion, weight build-up of 10% can also be correlated with 10 ± 2 μm increase in the coating thickness of pellets, indicating the potential applicability of real-time imaging as an endpoint determination tool for fluid bed coating process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Ramana Naidu
- a Pharma Research Department , Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| | - Rucha S Deshpande
- a Pharma Research Department , Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| | - Moinuddin R Syed
- a Pharma Research Department , Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| | - Pravin S Wakte
- b Department of Chemical Technology , Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Recent expansion of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies and targeting strategies in the field of phytopharmaceuticals for the delivery of herbal extracts and bioactives. J Control Release 2016; 241:110-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
Kandpal LM, Tewari J, Gopinathan N, Boulas P, Cho BK. In-Process Control Assay of Pharmaceutical Microtablets Using Hyperspectral Imaging Coupled with Multivariate Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11055-11061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Mohan Kandpal
- Department
of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life
Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jagdish Tewari
- Process
Analytical Technology, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Pierre Boulas
- Process
Analytical Technology, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department
of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life
Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seabrooks L, Canfield N, Pennington J. Development of a directly correlated Raman and uHPLC-MS content uniformity method for dry powder inhalers through statistical design, chemometrics and mathematical modeling. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1515-23. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1151031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
21
|
Fonteyne M, Vercruysse J, De Leersnyder F, Besseling R, Gerich A, Oostra W, Remon JP, Vervaet C, De Beer T. Blend uniformity evaluation during continuous mixing in a twin screw granulator by in-line NIR using a moving F-test. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:213-23. [PMID: 27543030 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the twin screw granulator of a continuous from-powder-to-tablet production line. Whereas powder dosing into the granulation unit is possible from a container of preblended material, a truly continuous process uses several feeders (each one dosing an individual ingredient) and relies on a continuous blending step prior to granulation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the in-line blending capacity of this twin screw granulator, equipped with conveying elements only. The feasibility of in-line NIR (SentroPAT, Sentronic GmbH, Dresden, Germany) spectroscopy for evaluating the blend uniformity of powders after the granulator was tested. Anhydrous theophylline was used as a tracer molecule and was blended with lactose monohydrate. Theophylline and lactose were both fed from a different feeder into the twin screw granulator barrel. Both homogeneous mixtures and mixing experiments with induced errors were investigated. The in-line spectroscopic analyses showed that the twin screw granulator is a useful tool for in-line blending in different conditions. The blend homogeneity was evaluated by means of a novel statistical method being the moving F-test method in which the variance between two blocks of collected NIR spectra is evaluated. The α- and β-error of the moving F-test are controlled by using the appropriate block size of spectra. The moving F-test method showed to be an appropriate calibration and maintenance free method for blend homogeneity evaluation during continuous mixing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Fonteyne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jurgen Vercruysse
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fien De Leersnyder
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jean Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boiret M, Chauchard F. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy and multipoint measurements for quality control of pharmaceutical drug products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:683-691. [PMID: 27422646 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that enables better-understanding and optimization of pharmaceutical processes and final drug products. The use in line is often limited by acquisition speed and sampling area. This work focuses on performing a multipoint measurement at high acquisition speed at the end of the manufacturing process on a conveyor belt system to control both the distribution and the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient within final drug products, i.e., tablets. A specially designed probe with several collection fibers was developed for this study. By measuring spectral and spatial information, it provides physical and chemical knowledge on the final drug product. The NIR probe was installed on a conveyor belt system that enables the analysis of a lot of tablets. The use of these NIR multipoint measurement probes on a conveyor belt system provided an innovative method that has the potential to be used as a new paradigm to ensure the drug product quality at the end of the manufacturing process and as a new analytical method for the real-time release control strategy. Graphical abstract Use of near-infrared spectroscopy and multipoint measurements for quality control of pharmaceutical drug products.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang H, Liu Y, Huang Y, Tang B, Guo D, Li H. Determination of Ribavirin and Moisture in Pharmaceuticals by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1130715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
Shi Z, McGhehey KC, Leavesley IM, Manley LF. On-line monitoring of blend uniformity in continuous drug product manufacturing process—The impact of powder flow rate and the choice of spectrometer: Dispersive vs. FT. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 118:259-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Besseling R, Damen M, Tran T, Nguyen T, van den Dries K, Oostra W, Gerich A. An efficient, maintenance free and approved method for spectroscopic control and monitoring of blend uniformity: The moving F-test. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:471-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Development of a NIR-based blend uniformity method for a drug product containing multiple structurally similar actives by using the quality by design principles. Int J Pharm 2015; 488:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
27
|
Khorasani M, Amigo JM, Bertelsen P, Van Den Berg F, Rantanen J. Detecting Blending End-Point Using Mean Squares Successive Difference Test and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2541-9. [PMID: 26094601 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An algorithm based on mean squares successive difference test applied to near-infrared and principal component analysis scores was developed to monitor and determine the blending profile and to assess the end-point in the statistical stabile phase. Model formulations consisting of an active compound (acetylsalicylic acid), together with microcrystalline cellulose and two grades of calcium carbonate with dramatically different particle shapes, were prepared. The formulation comprising angular-shaped calcium carbonate reached blending end-point slower when compared with the formulation comprising equant-shaped calcium carbonate. Utilizing the ring shear test, this distinction in end-point could be related to the difference in flowability of the formulations. On the basis of the two model formulations, a design of experiments was conducted to characterize the blending process by studying the effect of CaCO3 grades and fill level of the bin on blending end-point. Calcium carbonate grades, fill level, and their interaction were shown to have a significant impact on the blending process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Khorasani
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José M Amigo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Frans Van Den Berg
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vakili H, Kolakovic R, Genina N, Marmion M, Salo H, Ihalainen P, Peltonen J, Sandler N. Hyperspectral imaging in quality control of inkjet printed personalised dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:244-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Modeling strategies for pharmaceutical blend monitoring and end-point determination by near-infrared spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:219-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Jiang C, Qu H. A comparative study of using in-line near-infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra and fused spectra to monitor Panax notoginseng adsorption process. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:78-84. [PMID: 25255448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The step of enriching and purifying saponins by macroporous resin column chromatography is closely related to the safety and efficacy of Panax notoginseng products during their manufacturing processes. Adsorption process is one of the most critical unit operations within each chromatographic cycle. In order to understand the adsorption process directly, it is necessary to develop a rapid and precise method to monitor the adsorption process in real time. In this study, comparative evaluation of using near-infrared (NIR) spectra, ultraviolet (UV) spectra and fused spectra to monitor the adsorption process of P. notoginseng was conducted. The uninformative variable elimination by partial least squares (UVE-PLS) regression models were established for quantification of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rd in effluents based on different spectra. There was a significant improvement provided by the models based on fused spectra. The results in this work were conducive to solving the problems about real-time quantitative analysis of saponins during P. notoginseng adsorption. The fusion method of NIR and UV spectra combined with UVE-PLS regression could be a promising strategy to real-time analyze the components, which are difficult to be quantified by individual spectroscopic technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Luo W, Wang W, Peng F, Wang J, Li H. Quantitative Analysis of Uncoated Eszopiclone Tablets by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.888726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Nakagawa H, Kano M, Hasebe S, Miyano T, Watanabe T, Wakiyama N. Verification of model development technique for NIR-based real-time monitoring of ingredient concentration during blending. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:264-75. [PMID: 24834879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There has been a considerable research on the process analytical technology (PAT) and real-time monitoring based on NIR, but the model development is still an important issue and persons in charge have difficulty in building good models. In this study, to realize efficient NIR-based real-time monitoring of ingredient concentration and establish a model development method, we investigated the effect of a calibration set, spectral preprocessing, wavelengths, and other factors on the prediction error through pilot and commercial scale blending experiments. The results confirmed that the small prediction error was realized by a calibration set, including dynamic measurement spectra acquired with the target blender. In addition, the results demonstrated that locally weighted partial least squares (LW-PLS) achieved the smaller prediction error than conventional PLS. The present study has also clarified that spectral preprocessing methods and wavelengths selected to build a model affect the prediction error of ingredient concentration interactively. A wide wavelength range should be selected when the spectral preprocessing does not lessen the effect of baseline variation, while a narrow wavelength range should be selected when it strongly decreases the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kano
- Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Hasebe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyano
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Watanabe
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Wakiyama
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang C, Gong X, Qu H. A strategy for adjusting macroporous resin column chromatographic process parameters based on raw material variation. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
34
|
Tomuta I, Iovanov R, Bodoki E, Vonica L. Development and validation of NIR-chemometric methods for chemical and pharmaceutical characterization of meloxicam tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:549-59. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.772193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
35
|
Real-time monitoring of lubrication properties of magnesium stearate using NIR spectrometer and thermal effusivity sensor. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:402-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
Tomuta I, Rus L, Iovanov R, Rus LL. High-throughput NIR-chemometric methods for determination of drug content and pharmaceutical properties of indapamide tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 84:285-92. [PMID: 23347649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development, validation and application of NIR-chemometric methods for API content and pharmaceutical characterization (disintegration time and crushing strength) of indapamide intact tablets. Development of the method for chemical characterization was performed on samples corresponding to 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% of indapamide content and for pharmaceutical characterization on samples prepared at nine different compression forces (covering the interval 7-45 kN). NIR spectra of prepared tablets were recorded in transmission mode, and partial least-squares followed by leave-one-out cross-validation were used to develop models for the prediction of the drug content and the pharmaceutical properties of tablets. All developed models were validated in terms of trueness, precision and accuracy. No statistical differences were found between results predicted by NIR-chemometric methods and the ones determined by reference methods. Therefore, the developed NIR-chemometric methods meet the requirements of a high-throughput method for the determination of drug content, pharmaceutical properties of indapamide tablets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Tomuta
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, 41 Victor Babes Street, 400023, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|