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Mazzara E, Caprodossi A, Mustafa AM, Maggi F, Caprioli G. Phytochemical Investigation of Sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.) Fruits from Different Sicilian Accessions. Foods 2023; 12:4359. [PMID: 38231844 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sumac, Rhus coriaria L., is employed as a natural preservative in the food sector, due to its rich content of antioxidant compounds, including hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. In this work, the phytochemical characterization of sumac fruits from five Sicilian accessions was performed to evaluate their potential as a food preservative for nutraceutical exploitation. Spectrophotometric tests and HPLC-MS/MS analyses were conducted to assess and compare the antioxidant power of the water extracts produced with the five sumac accessions. Principal component analysis was also carried out to better visualize the obtained results. Flavonoids and phenolic acids, namely isoquercitrin (20,342.82 mg/kg dry extract) and gallic acid (197,489.19 mg/kg dry extract), were more abundant in fruits from the population of San Biagio Platani, while the one from Giarratana was characterized by a higher content of anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-glucoside (20,889.81 mg/kg dry extract). These two populations can be recognized as the most suitable settings for the implementation of sumac cultivation and the development of sumac-based products, especially for food and nutraceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mazzara
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Arianna Caprodossi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Islas-Garduño AL, Romero-Cerecero O, Jiménez-Aparicio AR, Tortoriello J, Montiel-Ruiz RM, González-Cortazar M, Zamilpa A. Pharmacological and Chemical Analysis of Bauhinia divaricata L. Using an In Vitro Antiadipogenic Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3799. [PMID: 38005696 PMCID: PMC10674420 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive and abnormal accumulation of fat. According to the 2022 National Health and Nutrition Survey, in Mexico, the prevalence of overweight and obesity-diagnosed if one's body mass index (BMI) was ≥25 kg/m2-in adults was 75.2%. A strong association between the amount of visceral fat and diseases such as diabetes mellitus type II has been recognized. Species of the Bauhinia genus have lipid-lowering and antidiabetic properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the lipolytic and antiadipogenic activity of Bauhinia divaricata L. in 3T3-L1 cells and to identify the major compounds in the bioactive treatments. The extraction of aerial parts allowed us to obtain hexanic (BdHex), ethyl acetate (BdEAc), and hydroalcoholic (BdHA) extracts. Lipid levels were measured in 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes. Our evaluation of cell viability identified an IC50 > 1000 μg/mL in all the extracts, and our evaluation of the antiadipogenic activity indicated that there was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the accumulation of lipids with hydroalcoholic (60%) and ethyl acetate (75%) extracts of B. divaricate compared with metformin at 30 mM (65%). The major compounds identified in these extracts were as follows: triacetin (1), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acetate (2), (3E)-2-methyl-4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl)-3-buten-2-ol (3), 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (4), (3R)-3-hydroxydodecanoic acid (5), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (6), and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (7). Some of these naturally occurring compounds have been related to the anti-obesity effects of other medicinal plants; therefore, these compounds isolated from B. divaricata could be responsible for inhibiting the differentiation process from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Islas-Garduño
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62739, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Ofelia Romero-Cerecero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | | | - Jaime Tortoriello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Rosa Mariana Montiel-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Manases González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
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Uka A, Krasniqi D, Beretta G, Daci A. Assessment of In Vitro Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Rhus coriaria L. Fruit Ethanolic Extract and Its Possible Mechanisms. J Med Food 2023; 26:820-830. [PMID: 37902984 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), also known as Sumac, is commonly used as a spice, flavoring agent, and as a traditional medicinal herb. This includes also the traditional use for treating asthma, catarrh, and common colds. The accumulating evidence supports its cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anticancer, gastroprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and respiratory effects. However, there are no previous studies that have shown its effects and mechanism in the airway smooth muscle tone, and therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro pharmacological action of R. coriaria L. extract (RCE) on the rat isolated tracheal and bronchial preparations by exploring its relaxant activity and mechanism of action. The direct relaxant effect of RCE (0.1-0.7 mg/mL) was tested in the rat bronchi and trachea rings precontracted by carbachol (CCh). In addition, the pretreatment with RCE (1 mg/mL) was tested on the bronchial and tracheal reactivity induced by CCh, potassium chloride (KCl), or CaCl2. In addition, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively, were used for exploring the mechanisms of RCE-induced relaxation and reduction of reactivity. Our findings demonstrated that RCE induced a concentration-dependent relaxation and a significant reduction of reactivity, significantly reduced with either indomethacin or L-NAME. In addition, RCE decreased the responsiveness to KCl and affected the extracellular Ca2+-induced contraction in the tissues with added CCh or KCl in Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit solution. In summary, we have shown that RCE displayed relaxant activities in the in vitro airway smooth muscles, and the possible mechanisms seems to involve the prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and Ca2+ pathways. Taken together, our findings indicate the potential role of RCE in the treatment of respiratory diseases with limited airflow, or obstructive respiratory diseases, and could justify its traditional use in the respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Uka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Donjeta Krasniqi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Ciocan AG, Tecuceanu V, Enache-Preoteasa C, Mitoi EM, Helepciuc FE, Dimov TV, Simon-Gruita A, Cogălniceanu GC. Phenological and Environmental Factors' Impact on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plant Cotinus coggygria Scop. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091762. [PMID: 37176820 PMCID: PMC10181090 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotinus coggygria Scop. (smoketree) is a phytotherapeutically valuable shrub growing in specific areas in many Eurasian countries. Exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic (abiotic) factors that modulate its secondary metabolism has fundamental and applicative importance. Three smoketree plants from the same population were studied for a period of 4.5 months. Their extracts were characterized using LC-MS/MS, HPLC-UV-VIS-DAD and colorimetric assays to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant potential. Multivariate analysis was applied to correlate the metabolomic data with registered habitat variables and phenological stages. The identified and quantified compounds belonged to the flavonoids (myricetin-3-O-galactoside, myricitrin) and hydrolysable tannins groups (pentagalloyl glucose, methyl gallate, methyl digallate I). Phenolic compounds and tannins were synthesized abundantly in the flowering and fruit stages, whereas flavonoids and triterpenes accumulated during senescence. The antioxidant activities varied between detection methods, samplings and individuals and were only punctually correlated with the compound contents in certain phenological stages. Based on the HCAbp analysis, the samples clustered under four groups, according to their metabolic profile. The CCA analysis revealed that during the reproductive stages (flower, fruit or seed), the secondary metabolism of the plants' leaves is sensitive to the action of abiotic factors, while in senescence, the metabolic content is according to the phenological phase. This study provides a first attempt at understanding the interplay between the habitat and the metabolome of smoketree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Gabriela Ciocan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victorița Tecuceanu
- "C.D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Elena Monica Mitoi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florența Elena Helepciuc
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tatiana Vassu Dimov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Simon-Gruita
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Carmen Cogălniceanu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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Calabrò A, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Di Majo D, Caruso C, Candore G, Aiello A. The Nutraceutical Properties of Rhus coriaria Linn: Potential Application on Human Health and Aging Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076206. [PMID: 37047178 PMCID: PMC10094520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria Linn is a little plant growing in the Mediterranean basin, including Sicily, where it is known as Sicilian Sumac. Since antiquity, it has been used as a medicinal herb, considering its pharmacological properties and its recognized anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Multiple studies have highlighted that the beneficial properties of Sumac extracts depend on the abundance of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, fatty acids, minerals, and fibers. Despite its wide use as a spice, the literature on Sumac effects on humans’ health and aging is still scarce. Considering its great nutraceutical potential, Sumac could be used to treat age-related diseases such as those in which the inflammatory process plays a crucial role in manifestation and progression. Thus, Sumac could be an interesting new insight in the biomedical field, especially in aging biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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New Type of Tannins Identified from the Seeds of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052027. [PMID: 36903273 PMCID: PMC10004147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of information on the compound profile of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. seeds. This greatly affects their optimal utilization. In our preliminary study, we found that the extract of the seeds displayed a strong positive reaction to the FeCl3 solution, indicating the presence of polyphenols. However, to date, only nine polyphenols have been isolated. In this study, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was employed to fully reveal the polyphenol profile of the seed extracts. A total of 90 polyphenols were identified. They were classified into nine brevifolincarboxyl tannins and their derivatives, 34 ellagitannins, 21 gallotannins, and 26 phenolic acids and their derivatives. Most of these were first identified from the seeds of C. officinalis. More importantly, five new types of tannins were reported for the first time: brevifolincarboxyl-trigalloyl-hexoside, digalloyl-dehydrohexahydroxydiphenoyl (DHHDP)-hexdside, galloyl-DHHDP-hexoside, DHHDP-hexahydroxydiphenoyl(HHDP)-galloyl-gluconic acid, and peroxide product of DHHDP-trigalloylhexoside. Moreover, the total phenolic content was as high as 79,157 ± 563 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g in the seeds extract. The results of this study not only enrich the structure database of tannins, but also provide invaluable aid to its further utilization in industries.
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The Impact of Za'atar Antioxidant Compounds on the Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Insights for Future Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020426. [PMID: 36829984 PMCID: PMC9952350 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis and energy balance, changes in its composition can be associated with disease states through the promotion of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders and increasing intestinal permeability, ultimately leading to the impairment of intestinal barrier function. Za'atar is one of the most popular plant-based foods in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Za'atar is a mixture of different plant leaves, fruits, and seeds and contains hundreds of antioxidant compounds, especially polyphenols, and fiber, with pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggesting health-promoting effects in cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Za'atar compounds have also been studied from a gastrointestinal perspective, concerning both gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases. Antioxidants such as Za'atar polyphenols may provide beneficial effects in the complex interplay between the diet, gut microbiota, and intestinal permeability. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the effects of the whole Za'atar mixture, however, based on the pre-clinical studies published on components and single compounds found in Za'atar, we provide a clinical overview of the possible effects on the gastrointestinal tract, focusing mainly on carvacrol, rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, and other polyphenols. We also cover the potential clinical applications of Za'atar mixture as a possible nutraceutical in disorders involving the gastrointestinal tract.
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Mass Spectrometric Methods for Non-Targeted Screening of Metabolites: A Future Perspective for the Identification of Unknown Compounds in Plant Extracts. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyto products are widely used in natural products, such as medicines, cosmetics or as so-called “superfoods”. However, the exact metabolite composition of these products is still unknown, due to the time-consuming process of metabolite identification. Non-target screening by LC-HRMS/MS could be a technique to overcome these problems with its capacity to identify compounds based on their retention time, accurate mass and fragmentation pattern. In particular, the use of computational tools, such as deconvolution algorithms, retention time prediction, in silico fragmentation and sophisticated search algorithms, for comparison of spectra similarity with mass spectral databases facilitate researchers to conduct a more exhaustive profiling of metabolic contents. This review aims to provide an overview of various techniques and tools for non-target screening of phyto samples using LC-HRMS/MS.
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Huang YJ, Tu WC, Urban PL. Rapid Acid/Base Switching in Flow Injection Analysis and Isocratic Elution Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection for Improved Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1865-1873. [PMID: 36129040 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ion signals in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) are affected by addition of acid or base. Acids or bases are typically added to samples to enhance detection of analytes in positive- or negative-ion mode, respectively. To carry out simultaneous monitoring of analytes with different ionogenic moieties by ESI-MS, a rapid acid/base switching system was developed. The system was further coupled with flow injection analysis (FIA) and liquid chromatography (LC) MS. The two variants enable detection of separated analytes immediately after alternating addition of acid and base. The methods were tested using a set of phospholipids (PLs) as analytes. The rapid acid/base switching enhanced signals of some of the PL analytes in both ion modes of MS. Both FIA-MS and LC-MS with acid/base switching show signal enhancements (∼1.3-23.2 times) of some analyte signals when compared with analysis conducted without acid/base switching. The proposed methods are suitable for simultaneous analysis of cationic and anionic analytes. The FIA-MS and LC-MS methods with acid/base switching were also applied in analysis of lipid extract from real samples (sausage and porcine liver). However, the FIA-MS results were affected by ionization competition and isobaric interference due to the complexity of the sample matrix and diversity of PL species. In contrast, the LC-MS mode provides adequate selectivity to observe signal enhancement for specific analyte ions. Overall, alternating addition of acid and base immediately before the ESI source can improve analytical performance without the need to carry out separate analyses targeting different types of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac), a Versatile and Resourceful Food Spice with Cornucopia of Polyphenols. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165179. [PMID: 36014419 PMCID: PMC9414570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, utilization of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is upgrading not only in their culinary use and human nutrition, but also in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry and veterinary practices. This is driven by accumulating evidence that support the ethnobotanical use of this plant; in particular, advanced knowledge of the content of nutritional, medicinal and techno-functional bioactive ingredients. Herein, we discuss polyphenolic compounds as the main bioactive ingredients in Rhus coriaria L., which contribute mainly to the significance and utility of this spice. Most of the antioxidant potential and therapeutic roles of sumac are increasingly attributed to its constituent tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Hydroxyphenyl pyranoanthocyanins and other anthocynins are responsible for the highly desired red pigments accounting for the strong pigmentation capacity and colorant ability of sumac. Certain polyphenols and the essential oil components are responsible for the peculiar flavor and antimicrobial activity of sumac. Tannin-rich sumac extracts and isolates are known to enhance the food quality and the oxidative stability of animal products such as meat and milk. In conclusion, polyphenol-rich sumac extracts and its bioactive ingredients could be exploited towards developing novel food products which do not only address the current consumers' interests regarding organoleptic and nutritional value of food, but also meet the growing need for 'clean label' as well as value addition with respect to antioxidant capacity, disease prevention, and health promotion in humans.
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Burico M, Fodaroni G, Flamini E, Ascani N, Proietti G, Tamimi S, Quintiero CM, Massa L, Gianni M, Mattoli L. Metabolomic fingerprint of Hamamelis virginiana L. gallotannins by suspect screening analysis with UHPLC-qToF and their semiquantitative evaluation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4878. [PMID: 36065819 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the regulatory framework for medical devices in the EU (Reg 2017/745) has opened the study of complex systems emerging properties. This makes necessary to identify new analytical approaches able of characterizing complex natural substrates as completely as possible. Therefore, omics approaches and advanced analytical methods for the determination of metabolite classes appear to be at the forefront to meet this need. In this perspective, a new approach based on the suspect screening was developed to detect gallotannins. Gallotannins are a class of phenols with a polymeric nature; thus, there are no pure analytical standards available for all possible structures and their quali-quantitative determination in complex natural substrates can be a challenge. A new UHPLC-qToF method was developed and used to create an "in-house tannin database" with a dual purpose: (1) as a classic list of suspects and (2) to identify core fragments common to gallotannins to have another list of putative suspects based on the common fragment. The method was validated. The application of the method to a "system of molecules" extracted from the leaves of Hamamelis virginiana L. (Witch-hazel) allowed to the characterization of a total of 29 phenols by a suspect screening approach. Therefore, 15 gallotannins were putatively annotated while another 3 were confidently identified. All the gallotannins were semiquantified according to external regression curves of gallic acid and hamamelitannin based on core fragments at m/z 125.0244 and m/z 169.0142, the building blocks of the polymers. This new method provides a practical fit-to-purpose approach for the quali-quantitative screening evaluation of gallotannins, useful for creating multivariate control charts applicable in process development of complex natural systems or in quality control. The approach is innovative, and after specific checks, it can in principle be suitable for metabolomic fingerprint analysis of gallotannins among witch-hazel extract (WHE) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Burico
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Giada Fodaroni
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Enrico Flamini
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Nicola Ascani
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Giacomo Proietti
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Sara Tamimi
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | | | - Luca Massa
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Mattia Gianni
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Luisa Mattoli
- Metabolomics and Analytical Sciences, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
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Alsarayreh AZ, Oran SA, Shakhanbeh JM. Effect of Rhus coriaria L. methanolic fruit extract on wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:3567-3577. [PMID: 34928525 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study assessed the effects of topical application of R. coriaria extract on the rate of wound closure. The rate of wound contraction was used to assess the wound healing efficacy of the R. coriaria fruit methanolic extract. METHODS Using excision and burn model of wound repair in diabetic male Wistar rats. Also, hydroxyproline, collagen content, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were determined in this study. RESULTS During the early wound healing phase, interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were found to be decreased by R. coriaria treatment and increased the level of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Increased wound contraction augmented with hydroxyproline and collagen content, supporting the early wound healing exhibited by R. coriaria. The epithelialization, neovascularization and enhanced hydroxyproline and collagen expression were strongly associated with the healing pattern. CONCLUSION This study indicating that R. coriaria methanolic fruit extract has a potent wound healing capacity. And may be effective in the topical therapy of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Za'al Alsarayreh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
| | - Sawsan Atallah Oran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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13
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Khalil M, Hayek S, Khalil N, Serale N, Vergani L, Calasso M, De Angelis M, Portincasa P. Role of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) in the management of metabolic syndrome and related disorders: Focus on NAFLD-atherosclerosis interplay. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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14
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Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ghods R, Shojaii A, Abdi L, Campos-Toimil M, Yousefsani BS. Rhus coriaria L., a new candidate for controlling metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:1-12. [PMID: 34673978 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rhus coriaria L. (RC) is a deciduous shrub with several pharmacological activities. Evidence of the effects of RC on weight, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus have been presented in this study. Books, thesis and internet-based resources such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid and Google Scholar were searched for the English, Arabic and Persian literature from 1966 to 2020 (December). The keywords were Rhus coriaria L., Sumac, metabolic syndrome and all its medical conditions (hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus). The inclusion criteria were full-text animal and human studies conducted on RC to evaluate its efficacy on any components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of evidence. KEY FINDINGS Reviewing 23 relevant studies demonstrated that RC is able to decrease the level of blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, serum insulin and insulin resistance. Studies on hyperlipidaemia and obesity have very contradicting results, and there is no definite conclusion on the effect of RC on lipid profile. However, the hypotensive and effect of RC was confirmed in the existing studies. SUMMARY According to the literature, RC can be considered as a promising curative candidate for MetS. However, further studies with larger sample size and higher methodological quality are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ghods
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Shojaii
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Abdi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC), CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Mickely W Engelbrecht L, Vicente Ribeiro R, Cristiane Yoshida N, Dos Santos Gonçalves V, Pavan E, Tabajara de Oliveira Martins D, Luiz Dos Santos É. Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of the Edible Fruits of Brosimun gaudichaudii Trécul, a Native Plant of the Cerrado Biome. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2001068. [PMID: 33998146 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, there is a large diversity of species of small edible fruits that are considered sources of nutrients and functional properties. They present a high innovation domain for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries due to their health-promoting properties. Edible fruits from Brosimum gaudichaudii (Moraceae) are widely consumed and used in folk medicine and in feed by the population of the Brazilian Cerrado. Nevertheless, detailed information on the chemical fingerprint, antiradical activity and safety aspects of these fruits is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the bioactive compounds of hydroethanolic extracts of fruits from Brosimum gaudichaudii using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization (HPLC ESI-MS). Eighteen different compounds, including flavonoids, coumarins, arylbenzofurans, terpenoids, stilbenes, xanthones and esters, were detected. Moreover, the study indicated that the hydroethanolic extract of fruits from B. gaudichaudii presented low scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 >800 μg mL-1 ) and was cytotoxic (IC50 <30 μg mL-1 ) in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) by an in vitro assay. This is the first report of the chemical profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic properties of the hydroethanolic extract of fruits from B. gaudichaudii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma Mickely W Engelbrecht
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Lucas do Rio Verde, MT 78455-000, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Vicente Ribeiro
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Lucas do Rio Verde, MT 78455-000, Brazil
| | - Nídia Cristiane Yoshida
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | | | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Érica Luiz Dos Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Lucas do Rio Verde, MT 78455-000, Brazil
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16
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Mohammadi Alaghuz R, Darvishzadeh R, Alijanpour A, Razi M. Toward the identification of molecular markers associated with phytochemical traits in the Iranian sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.) population. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3142-3154. [PMID: 34136179 PMCID: PMC8194943 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is one of the important forest species dispersed in the northwest of Iran. It is one of the important spice in Iran and the Middle East because of active components containing organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and terpenoids. This study aimed to investigate population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) extent within Rhus coriaria L. genotypes using ISSR markers and identify molecular markers associated with phytochemical traits using association analysis. In the molecular part of the experiment, the genetic diversity of 75 sumac genotypes from five different areas of northwest Iran was assessed by 18 ISSR primers. In the phenotypic assessment, the fruits of the sumac genotypes were analyzed using HPLC-LC/MSMS for determining phytochemical components including maleic acid, ellagic acid, maleic acid hexoside, gallic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, caftaric acid, and linoleic acid. The phenotypic data analysis revealed the great phenotypic diversity among and within Iranian sumac populations for the studied phytochemical traits. The studied sumac genotypes were divided into two subpopulations based on molecular marker-based structure analysis. A significant level of LD was observed in 11.64% of the ISSR marker pairs (p < .05). The mixed linear model procedure showed that 12 loci had a significant association with investigated traits. The ISSR loci identified in this study can be potentially used in marker-assisted selection in sumac breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mohammadi Alaghuz
- Agricultural BiotechnologyDepartment of Plant Production and GeneticsFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Reza Darvishzadeh
- Department of Plant Production and GeneticsFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Ahmad Alijanpour
- Department of ForestryFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Mitra Razi
- Department of Plant Production and GeneticsFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
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17
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Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Plaza M, Marina ML. High-performance thin-layer chromatography and direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry of non-extractable polyphenols from tropical fruit peels. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110455. [PMID: 34399456 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora species, mangosteen, and cherimoya peels are a source of bioactive phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, a significant fraction of polyphenols, called non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs), are retained in the extraction residue after a conventional extraction. Thus, alkaline, acid, and enzymatic-assisted extractions to recover high contents of antioxidant NEPs from the extraction residue of fruit peels, were compared in this work. A high-performance thin-layer chromatography method with UV/Vis detection was developed in order to obtain the phenolic profile for the extracts. The most intense bands were further analyzed by direct analysis in real-time-high-resolution mass spectrometry to tentatively identified NEPs in fruit peel extracts. Total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were measured to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis. Alkaline hydrolysis was the most efficient treatment to recover NEPs from fruit peels as well as a promising treatment to obtain antioxidant extracts along with EAE. Cherimoya peel extracts were the richest in antioxidant NEPs. This work highlights that many NEPs remain on the extraction residue of fruit peels after conventional extraction and are not usually taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona. Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona. Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Potential anticancer activities of Rhus coriaria (sumac) extract against human cancer cell lines. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228452. [PMID: 33891003 PMCID: PMC8112848 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies of plant origin are a better choice as both dietary plant products or its isolated active constituents against the development and progression of cancer. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of sumac (Rhus coriaria) against different human cancer MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cell lines. In addition, the study tries to explore a prospective mechanism of action, assessment of in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In the present study, the potential antitumor effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) were explored in the human cancer cell lines; MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 using in vitro assays. Apoptotic, cell survival, ELISA immunoassays were also conducted to reveal the inhibitory effects of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In addition, both Clioquinol and Acetazolamide (AZM) were used as standards to explore the in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. The hydro-alcoholic extract of R. coriaria (Sumac) was subjected to phytochemical analysis using GC/MS assays. Sumac at non-cytotoxic doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly modulates the growth of the MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cancer cells with a higher inhibitory effect and selectivity to carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms; hCA I, II, hCA IX, and XII. The data showed that sumac at doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, and viability of cancer cells by activating the apoptotic process via caspase-3 overexpression and the regulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein.
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19
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Larkem I, Tarai N, Benchikha N, Messaoudi M, Begaa S, Martins M, Silva AMS, Pinto DCGA. Chemical profile and antioxidant activity of
Sesbania
bispinosa
(Jacq.) W. Wight aerial parts and seeds extracts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imene Larkem
- Laboratory of Diversity of Ecosystems and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Zones, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Science Biskra University Biskra Algeria
| | - Nacer Tarai
- Laboratory of Diversity of Ecosystems and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Zones, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Science Biskra University Biskra Algeria
| | - Naima Benchikha
- Chemistry Department University of Hamma Lakhdar El‐Oued Algeria
| | - Mohammed Messaoudi
- Chemistry Department University of Hamma Lakhdar El‐Oued Algeria
- Reactor Chemistry Department Nuclear Research Centre of Birine Djelfa Algeria
| | - Samir Begaa
- Reactor Chemistry Department Nuclear Research Centre of Birine Djelfa Algeria
| | - Miguel Martins
- Environment Department, School of Agriculture University of Lisbon (ISA) (Instituto Superior de Agronomia) Lisbon Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
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20
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Chemical composition and microencapsulation suitability of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit extract. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Pharmacological and Antioxidant Activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010073. [PMID: 33430013 PMCID: PMC7828031 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. Owing to its bountiful beneficial values, sumac has been used in traditional medicine for the management and treatment of many ailments including hemorrhoids, wound healing, diarrhea, ulcer, and eye inflammation. This plant is rich in various classes of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and many others. By virtue of its bioactive, Rhus coriaria possesses powerful antioxidant capacities that have ameliorative and therapeutic benefits for many common diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review describes the phytochemical properties of R. coriaria and then focuses on the potent antioxidant capacities of sumac. We then dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sumac’s action in modulating many pathophysiological instigators. We show how accumulating evidence supports the antibacterial, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects of this plant, especially that toxicity studies show that sumac is very safe to consume by humans and has little toxicity. Taken together, the findings we summarize here support the utilization of this plant as an attractive target for drug discovery.
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22
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Separation, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, and antioxidant activity of hydrolyzable tannins from water caltrop (Trapa quadrispinosa) pericarps. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, anti-proliferative and calcium oxalate anti-crystallization activities of Micromeria fruticosa spp. brachycalyx and Rhus coriaria. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Ma S, Qin H, Jiang M, Wang J, Wang W, Guo G, Zhou L, Chen W, Han B. Identification and Comparison of Tannins in Gall of Rhus chinensis Mill. and Gall of Quercus infectoria Oliv. by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:403-410. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gall of Rhus chinensis Mill. (Chinese galls) and gall of Quercus infectoria Oliv. (Turkish galls) have similar applications and chemical compositions, and their extracts have been widely used for industrial production and for medicinal applications. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) methods were established for profiling the components of Chinese galls and Turkish galls. Compounds representing 96.56 and 99.15% of the total peak area of Chinese galls and Turkish galls were identified. The results identified that the ellagic acid, galloyl-HHDP-glucose and pedunculagin act as the identifying markers for the comparison of Chinese galls and Turkish galls in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The peak area of tetragalloyl-glucoside, heptagalloyl-glucoside and pentagalloyl-glucoside can be used to distinguish these two phytomedicines. This work provides a reference for the study of the chemical composition of Chinese galls and Turkish galls, which not only introduce a simple and reliable method to prevent the adulteration or misuse of Chinese galls and Turkish galls but also lay the foundations for clarifying the material basis of their similar pharmacological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, No.17, section 3, renmin south road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, No.17, section 3, renmin south road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, South campus of shihezi university, north 2nd road, shihezi, xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
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25
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Elagbar ZA, Shakya AK, Barhoumi LM, Al-Jaber HI. Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900561. [PMID: 32141706 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in the Mediterranean region that has a long history in traditional medicine. R. coriaria has been prescribed for the treatment of many ailments including diarrhea, ulcer, hemorrhoids, hemorrhage, wound healing, hematemesis, and eye ailments like ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The plant is also used as diuresis, antimicrobial, abortifacient and as a stomach tonic. Sumac is known to be rich in different classes of phytochemicals including tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids and essential oils and continues to be a hot topic for extensive research work designed for revealing its phytochemical constituents and evaluating its bioactive properties. This review summarizes the recent phytochemical and diverse bioactivity studies on R. coriaria, especially those concerned with antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaha A Elagbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 263, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ashok K Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 263, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lina M Barhoumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hala I Al-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
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26
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Arlandini E, Gelmini F, Testa C, Angioletti S, Beretta G. GC-MS analysis and biological activity of hydroalcholic extracts and essential oils of Rhus typhina L. wood (anacardiaceae) in comparison with leaves and fruits. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4764-4768. [PMID: 32011164 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1721486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydroalcoholic extracts (HE) and essential oils (EO) of branches, leaves and fruits of Rhus typhina L., were characterized by GC-MS. HE (yealds: branches 68.30 mg/g, leaves 35.82 mg/g and fruits 257.76 mg/g), showed different compositions dominated by gallic acid (33.46%) in branches, its precursor 1-cyclohexane-3,4,5-hydroxy-carboxylic acid (20.55%) in leaves and malic acid (89.15%) in fruits. EO yields were 210 µg/g for branches (main component δ-cadinene, 22.00%), followed by fruits with 132 µg/g (β-pinene 32.2%) and by leaves with 54 µg/g and phenylacetaldehyde as major component (40.13%). Total phenolic content (TPC) was highest in branches HE (5.87 µg GAE/mL) and in EO leaves (17.71 µg GAE/mL). The highest value of radical scavenging activity (DPPH test) was detected in leaves HE and EO. The branches EO antimicrobial activity was strong against C. albicans and negligible against E. coli. Leaves and fruits EO showed strong activity against C. albicans and intermediate activity against Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Arlandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelmini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Testa
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Functional Point S.r.l, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stefania Angioletti
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Functional Point S.r.l, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Abdallah S, Abu-Reidah I, Mousa A, Abdel-Latif T. Rhus coriaria (sumac) extract reduces migration capacity of uterus cervix cancer cells. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Lyophilized Hydrophilic Extract of Rhus coriaria on Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Activity, Wound Healing, and Microbial Infections of Skin Wound Tissues. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5861537. [PMID: 31379964 PMCID: PMC6662417 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5861537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing was mainly associated with severe microbial infections which significantly affect diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Thus, in this study, the potential wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria extract (AERc) were evaluated by wound contraction, scar formation, period of epithelization, MPO enzyme activity, collagenase-2 (MMP-8), hydroxyproline (HPX), and collagen deposition as markers of wound healing at different days of postwound. Phytoconstituents, microbial activity, and fibrogenic markers were screened by HPLC, disc-diffusion, and colorimetric assays. The animals were treated with Rhus coriaria extract (AERc) concentrations at doses of 5 mg.kg−1and 10 mg.kg−1, respectively. On days 6 and 9, the AERc-treated animals at doses of 5 mg.mL−1 and 10 mg.mL−1 exhibited a significant reduction in the wound area, increased deposition of collagen, HPX, and reduction in MMP-8, and MPO enzyme activity when compared with controls. Scar formation and epithelization were completed in 10 days compared to controls. In addition, in wounds infected separately with Staph. aureus or P. aeruginosa, the AERc extract significantly improved wound contraction, deposition of collagen, and HPx and reduced MMP-8 and MPO concentrations, with complete epithelization of wounds in 10-13 days compared to the saline-treated group. Hydrolyzable tannins, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin were the most common active components of AERc. In vitro, the AERc and its components were effective against a set of microbes especially Staph. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Staph. aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, the results showed that antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of Rhus coriaria extract suggested its importance as a target for formulation of novel drugs against many microbial infections with minimal side effects and could play a good potential role in accelerating wound healing activity via promoting myofibroblast activity, increase of hydroxyproline and collagen deposition, and regulation of MMP-8 and MPO enzyme activities.
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Pasayeva L, Üstün O, Demirpolat E, Karatoprak G, Tugay O, Kosar M. Bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic and antioxidant phytochemicals from four Cousinia species from stenocephala bunge section. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_487_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anwar MA, Samaha AA, Baydoun S, Iratni R, Eid AH. Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) Evokes Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation of Rat Aorta: Involvement of the cAMP and cGMP Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:688. [PMID: 30002626 PMCID: PMC6031713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is widely used in traditional remedies and cuisine of countries of the Mediterranean as well as Central and South-West Asia. Administration of sumac to experimental models and patients with diverse pathological conditions generates multi-faceted propitious effects, including the quality as a vasodilator. Together, the effects are concertedly channeled toward cardiovasobolic protection. However, there is paucity of data on the mechanism of action for sumac’s vasodilatory effect, an attribute which is considered to be advantageous for unhealthy circulatory system. Accordingly, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which sumac elicits its vasorelaxatory effects. We deciphered the signaling networks by application of a range of pharmacological inhibitors, biochemical assays and including the quantification of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates. Herein, we provide evidence that an ethanolic extract of sumac fruit, dose-dependently, relaxes rat isolated aorta. The mechanistic effect is achieved via stimulation of multiple transducers namely PI3-K/Akt, eNOS, NO, guanylyl cyclase, cGMP, and PKG. Interestingly, the arachidonic acid pathway (cyclooxygenases), adenylyl cyclase/cAMP and ATP-dependent potassium channels appear to partake in this sumac-orchestrated attenuation of vascular tone. Clearly, our data support the favorable potential cardio-vasculoprotective action of sumac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Samaha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Public Health IV, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa Baydoun
- Research Center for Environment and Development, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Falcão L, Araújo MEM. Vegetable Tannins Used in the Manufacture of Historic Leathers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051081. [PMID: 29751585 PMCID: PMC6099987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, a brief description of how animal skins were transformed in leathers in Europe using different vegetable tannins will be presented. Special attention will be dedicated to the description of the type of tannins and the characteristics of the most important type of historic leathers thus obtained. The text will also focus on the description of the techniques used in the identification of these tannins in historic objects: colorimetric tests and spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Falcão
- Artistic Studies Research Centre, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Lisbon, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes, 1249-058 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Edifício C-8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Eduarda M Araújo
- Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Edifício C-8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Gan RY, Kong KW, Li HB, Wu K, Ge YY, Chan CL, Shi XM, Corke H. Separation, Identification, and Bioactivities of the Main Gallotannins of Red Sword Bean ( Canavalia gladiata) Coats. Front Chem 2018. [PMID: 29541634 PMCID: PMC5835520 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The red sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) is an underutilized edible bean cultivated in China. It was previously found to have the highest content of antioxidant polyphenols among 42 edible beans, mainly gallic acid, and gallotannins in its red bean coat, an apparently unique characteristic among edible beans. In this study, the main phenolic compounds in red sword bean coats were further separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and identified by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activities and antibacterial activity (diameter of inhibition zone, DIZ) of main gallotannin-rich fractions were tested. Our results showed that gallotannins of red sword bean coats were mainly comprised of monogalloyl to hexagalloyl hexosides. Interestingly, tetragalloyl, pentagalloyl, and hexagalloyl hexosides were identified as the possible candidates responsible for the red color of the coats. On the other hand, gallotannin-rich fractions exhibited diverse antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and tetragalloyl hexoside overall had the highest free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. The degree of galloylation did not completely explain the structure-function relationship of gallotannins isolated from red sword bean coats, as there should exist other factors affecting their bioactivities. In conclusion, red sword bean coats are excellent natural sources of gallotannins, and their gallotannin-rich extracts can be utilized as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents with potential health benefits as well as application in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kin-Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kao Wu
- Glyn O. Philips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chak-Lun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xian-Ming Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Phenolics and essential mineral profile of organic acid pretreated unripe banana flour. Food Res Int 2018; 104:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Torres-León C, Ventura-Sobrevilla J, Serna-Cock L, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Contreras-Esquivel J, Aguilar CN. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG): A valuable phenolic compound with functional properties. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Moghadam SE, Ebrahimi SN, Salehi P, Moridi Farimani M, Hamburger M, Jabbarzadeh E. Wound Healing Potential of Chlorogenic Acid and Myricetin-3-O-β-Rhamnoside Isolated from Parrotia persica. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091501. [PMID: 28885580 PMCID: PMC5603238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process that is controlled by a well-orchestrated cascade of interdependent biochemical and cellular events, which has spurred the development of therapeutics that simultaneously target these active cellular constituents. We assessed the potential of Parrotia persica (Hamamelidaceae) in wound repair by analyzing the regenerative effects of its two main phenolic compounds, myricetin-3-O-β-rhamnoside and chlorogenic acid. To accomplish this, we performed phytochemical profiling and characterized the chemical structure of pure compounds isolated from P. persica, followed by an analysis of the biological effects of myricetin-3-O-β-rhamnoside and chlorogenic acid on three cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Myricetin-3-O-β-rhamnoside and chlorogenic acid exhibited complementary pro-healing properties. The percentage of keratinocyte wound closure as measured by a scratch assay was four fold faster in the presence of 10 µg/mL chlorogenic acid, as compared to the negative control. On the other hand, myricetin-3-O-β-rhamnoside at 10 µg/mL was more effective in promoting fibroblast migration, demonstrating a two-fold higher rate of closure compared to the negative control group. Both compounds enhanced the capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. Our results altogether delineate the potential to synergistically accelerate the fibroblastic and remodelling phases of wound repair by administering appropriate amounts of myricetin-3-O-β-rhamnoside and chlorogenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Moghadam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Samad N Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, Tehran 1983969411 , Iran.
| | - Peyman Salehi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, Tehran 1983969411 , Iran.
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, Tehran 1983969411 , Iran.
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Cai Y, Zhang J, Chen NG, Shi Z, Qiu J, He C, Chen M. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems of Tannins. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:665-701. [PMID: 28004409 DOI: 10.1002/med.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tannins, polyphenols in medicinal plants, have been divided into two groups of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, including gallotannins, ellagitannins, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Potent anticancer activities have been observed in tannins (especially EGCG) with multiple mechanisms, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of invasion and metastases. Furthermore, the combinational effects of tannins and anticancer drugs have been demonstrated in this review, including chemoprotective, chemosensitive, and antagonizing effects accompanying with anticancer effect. However, the applications of tannins have been hindered due to their poor liposolubility, low bioavailability, off-taste, and shorter half-life time in human body, such as EGCG, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. To tackle these obstacles, novel drug delivery systems have been employed to deliver tannins with the aim of improving their applications, such as gelatin nanoparticles, micelles, nanogold, liposomes, and so on. In this review, the chemical characteristics, anticancer properties, and drug delivery systems of tannins were discussed with an attempt to provide a systemic reference to promote the development of tannins as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Nelson G Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiange Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Qiu DR, Wang DC, Yang SX, Zhang YM, Wei DS, Zhang MZ, Sun JZ, Cong J, Guo J, He SL, Qin JC. Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Carrubba A, Comparato A, Labruzzo A, Muccilli S, Giannone V, Spina A. Quality Characteristics of Wholemeal Flour and Bread from Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L subsp. durum Desf.) after Field Treatment with Plant Water Extracts. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C2158-C2166. [PMID: 27442951 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of selected plant water extracts to control pests and weeds is gaining growing attention in organic and sustainable agriculture, but the effects that such extracts may exert on the quality aspects of durum wheat are still unexplored. In 2014, 5 plant water extracts (Artemisia arborescens, Euphorbia characias, Rhus coriaria, Thymus vulgaris, Lantana camara) were prepared and distributed on durum wheat cv Valbelice to evaluate their potential herbicidal effects. After crop harvesting, the major physicochemical and technological parameters of wholemeal flours obtained from each treatment were measured and compared with those from chemical weeding and untreated controls. A baking test was also performed to evaluate the breadmaking quality. In wholemeal flours obtained after the treatment with plant extracts protein and dry gluten content were higher than in control and chemical weeding. Wholemeal flours obtained after chemical weeding reached the highest Mixograph parameters, and that from durum wheat treated with R. coriaria extract demonstrated a very high α-amylase activity. We concluded that the treatments with plant water extracts may influence many quality traits of durum wheat. This occurrence must be taken into account in overall decisions concerning the use of plant extracts in pest and weed management practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carrubba
- Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Comparato
- Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Labruzzo
- Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Muccilli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale (Catania), Italy
| | - Virgilio Giannone
- Dept. of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Univ. of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfio Spina
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale (Catania), Italy
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Erşan S, Güçlü Üstündağ Ö, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Identification of Phenolic Compounds in Red and Green Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Hulls (Exo- and Mesocarp) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-(HR)-MS(n). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5334-5344. [PMID: 27292533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic constituents of the nonlignified red and green pistachio hulls (exo- and mesocarp) were assessed by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) as well as by HR-MS. A total of 66 compounds was identified in the respective aqueous methanolic extracts. Among them, gallic acid, monogalloyl glucoside, monogalloyl quinic acid, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, hexagalloyl hexose, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, and (17:1)-, (13:0)-, and (13:1)-anacardic acids were detected at highest signal intensity. The main difference between red and green hulls was the presence of anthocyanins in the former ones. Differently galloylated hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and minor anacardic acids were identified for the first time. Pistachio hulls were thus shown to be a source of structurally diverse and potentially bioactive phenolic compounds. They therefore represent a valuable byproduct of pistachio processing having potential for further utilization as raw material for the recovery of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Erşan
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University , 26 Ağustos Yerleşimi, Kayışdağı Caddesi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Güçlü Üstündağ
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University , 26 Ağustos Yerleşimi, Kayışdağı Caddesi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Rendeková K, Fialová S, Jánošová L, Mučaji P, Slobodníková L. The Activity of Cotinus coggygria Scop. Leaves on Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Planktonic and Biofilm Growth Forms. Molecules 2015; 21:E50. [PMID: 26729086 PMCID: PMC6273237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect the effectiveness of Cotinus coggygria Scop. leaves methanol extract against planktonic and biofilm growth forms of Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the broth microdilution test. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations were detected against two collection and ten clinical S. aureus strains. Anti-biofilm activity of the tested extract was detected using 24 h bacterial biofilm on the surface of microtiter plate wells. The biofilm inhibitory activity was evaluated visually after 24 h interaction of extract with biofilm, and the eradicating activity by a regrowth method. The tested extract showed bactericidal activity against all S. aureus strains (methicillin susceptible or methicillin resistant) in concentrations ranging from 0.313 to 0.625 mg·mL−1. Biofilm inhibitory concentrations were 10-times higher and biofilm eradicating concentrations 100-times higher (8 and 32 mg·mL−1, respectively). The phytochemical analysis of C. coggygria leaves 60% methanol extract performed by LC-DAD-MS/MS revealed quercetin rhamnoside, methyl gallate, and methyl trigallate as main constituents. Results of our study indicate that C. coggygria, rich in tannins and flavonoids, seems to be a prospective topical antibacterial agent with anti-biofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Rendeková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Silvia Fialová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Jánošová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lívia Slobodníková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Medical Faculty and the University Hospital in Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Panusa A, Petrucci R, Marrosu G, Multari G, Gallo FR. UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS metabolic profiling of Arctostaphylos pungens and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. A comparative study of phenolic compounds from leaf methanolic extracts. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 115:79-88. [PMID: 25702282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to get a rapid metabolic fingerprinting and to gain insight into the metabolic profiling of Arctostaphylos pungens H. B. K., a plant morphologically similar to Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry) but with a lower arbutin (Arb) content. According to the European Pharmacopoeia the Arb content in the dried leaf of A. uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. must be at least 7% (wt/wt) but other species, like A. pungens, are unintentionally or fraudulently marketed instead of it. Therefore, methanolic leaf extracts of nine A. uva-ursi and six A. pungens samples labeled and marketed as "bearberry leaf" have been analyzed. A five-minute gradient with a UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS on an Acquity BEH C18 (50×2.1 mm i.d.) 1.7 μm analytical column has been used for the purpose. A comprehensive assignment of secondary metabolites has been carried out in a comparative study of the two species. Among twenty-nine standards of natural compounds analyzed, fourteen have been identified, while other fifty-five metabolites have been tentatively assigned. Moreover, differences in both metabolic fingerprinting and profiling have been evidenced by statistical multivariate analysis. Specifically, main variations have been observed in the relative content for Arb, as expected, and for some galloyl derivative like tetra- and pentagalloylglucose more abundant in A. uva-ursi than in A. pungens. Furthermore, differences in flavonols profile, especially in myricetin and quercetin glycosilated derivatives, were observed. Based on principal component analysis myricetrin, together with a galloyl arbutin isomer and a disaccharide are herein proposed as distinctive metabolites for A. pungens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Panusa
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria SBAI, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marrosu
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria SBAI, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Multari
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Gallo
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
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Romeo FV, Ballistreri G, Fabroni S, Pangallo S, Nicosia MGLD, Schena L, Rapisarda P. Chemical Characterization of Different Sumac and Pomegranate Extracts Effective against Botrytis cinerea Rots. Molecules 2015; 20:11941-58. [PMID: 26133760 PMCID: PMC6331891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200711941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit and leaf extracts were chemically characterized and their ability to inhibit table grape (cv. Italia) rots caused by Botrytis cinerea was evaluated on artificially inoculated berries. Different extraction methods were applied and extracts were characterized through Ultra Fast High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Photodiode array detector and Electrospray ionization Mass spectrometer (UPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn) for their phenol and anthocyanin contents. The concentrated pomegranate peel extract (PGE-C) was the richest in phenols (66.97 g gallic acid equivalents/kg) while the concentrated sumac extract from fruits (SUF-C) showed the highest anthocyanin amount (171.96 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/kg). Both phenolic and anthocyanin profile of pomegranate and sumac extracts were quite different: pomegranate extract was rich in cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside and ellagic acid derivatives, while sumac extract was characterized by 7-methyl-cyanidin 3-galactoside and gallic acid derivatives. The concentrated extracts from both pomegranate peel and sumac leaves significantly reduced the development of Botrytis rots. In particular, the extract from pomegranate peel completely inhibited the pathogen at different intervals of time (0, 12, and 24 h) between treatment and pathogen inoculation on fruits maintained at 22–24 °C and high relative humidity (RH). This extract may represent a valuable alternative to control postharvest fungal rots in view of its high efficacy because of the low cost of pomegranate peel, which is a waste product of processing factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora V Romeo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA)-Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee (CRA-ACM), Corso Savoia 190, Acireale (CT) 95024, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Ballistreri
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA)-Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee (CRA-ACM), Corso Savoia 190, Acireale (CT) 95024, Italy.
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA)-Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee (CRA-ACM), Corso Savoia 190, Acireale (CT) 95024, Italy.
| | - Sonia Pangallo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Li Destri Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy.
| | - Paolo Rapisarda
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA)-Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee (CRA-ACM), Corso Savoia 190, Acireale (CT) 95024, Italy.
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Abu-Reidah IM, Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS screening of bioactive components from Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) fruits. Food Chem 2014; 166:179-191. [PMID: 25053044 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is an important crop widely used in the Mediterranean basin as a food spice, and also in folk medicine, due to its health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals present in plant foods are in part responsible for these consequent health benefits. Nevertheless, detailed information on these bioactive compounds is still scarce. Therefore, the present work was aimed at investigating the phytochemical components of sumac fruit epicarp using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS in two different ionisation modes. The proposed method provided tentative identification of 211 phenolic and other phyto-constituents, most of which have not been described so far in R. coriaria fruits. More than 180 phytochemicals (tannins, (iso)flavonoids, terpenoids, etc.) are reported herein in sumac fruits for the first time. The obtained results highlight the importance of R. coriaria as a promising source of functional ingredients, and boost its potential use in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Biodiversity & Environmental Research Center (BERC), Til, Nablus POB 696, Palestine; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rana M Jamous
- Biodiversity & Environmental Research Center (BERC), Til, Nablus POB 696, Palestine
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Dorta E, González M, Lobo MG, Sánchez-Moreno C, de Ancos B. Screening of phenolic compounds in by-product extracts from mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and multivariate analysis for use as a food ingredient. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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